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11

Eleven (11) is the natural number following 10 and preceding 12; written in Roman numerals, it is XI. As the fifth prime number, 11 is greater than 1 and divisible only by 1 and itself, with no other positive divisors. It is also the smallest two-digit prime and a twin prime, paired with 13, differing by 2. In mathematics, 11 exhibits unique properties, such as serving as the base for a divisibility rule: a number is divisible by 11 if the alternating sum of its digits is divisible by 11 (including 0). Euler's totient function φ(11) equals 10, indicating the count of integers up to 11 that are coprime to it. Additionally, multiplying a two-digit number by 11 involves adding its digits and inserting the sum between them; for example, 23 × 11 = 253. The number is deficient, as the sum of its proper divisors (1) is less than 11 itself. Beyond mathematics, 11 holds significance in science as the atomic number of sodium (Na), a soft, silvery-white alkali metal essential for biological functions and industrial applications like soap production. In sports, 11 players per side define team sizes in soccer, cricket, field hockey, and American football (for offense and defense), a convention that emerged historically as an optimal balance for gameplay. Historically, November 11 marks Armistice Day, commemorating the 1918 end of World War I at 11 a.m., now observed as Veterans Day in the United States to honor military service. Etymologically, "eleven" derives from Old English endleofan, meaning "one left over" after ten, reflecting an irregular pattern distinct from the "teen" numbers 13–19.

Number and Mathematics

The Integer 11

Eleven is the natural number following 10 and preceding 12 in the sequence of positive integers. In the decimal numeral system, it is written as 11. Its representation in other common numeral systems includes 1011 in binary, B in hexadecimal, and XI in Roman numerals. The English word "eleven" originates from Old English endleofan or enleofan, literally meaning "one left (over ten)," derived from Proto-Germanic ainlif-, a compound of ain- ("one") and leikw- ("to leave"). It is pronounced /ɪˈlevn/ in both British and American English. In everyday language, 11 serves as a cardinal number for counting sets of that size, such as "eleven players" in team sports like cricket or soccer, and as an ordinal to denote position, like the eleventh in a list. It also appears in time expressions, such as 11 o'clock, and measurements, like 11 inches.

Mathematical Properties

11 is the fifth prime number, following 2, , 5, and 7 in the sequence of primes. As a prime, it has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself, confirming its primality through the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, which states that every greater than 1 is either prime or a product of primes. It is also the smallest two-digit prime number, marking the transition from single-digit primes to larger forms. Additionally, 11 is a Sophie Germain prime, since both 11 and $2 \times 11 + 1 = 23 are prime, and a safeprime, since (11 - 1)/2 = 5 is prime. A of 11 is its in the for integers: a number is divisible by 11 if the alternating of its digits is divisible by 11 (including ). For example, for 121, the alternating is $1 - 2 + [1](/page/1) = [0](/page/0), and since is divisible by 11, 121 is divisible by 11 ($121 = 11 \times 11). This rule arises from the fact that $10 \equiv -1 \pmod{11}, so powers of 10 alternate in sign modulo 11. In number theory, 11 is a repunit prime, specifically R_2 = 11, where a repunit R_n consists of n ones in base 10 and repunit primes are known for only a few values of n. It also appears in properties of the Fibonacci sequence, where the sum of the first ten terms (1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 13 + 21 + 34 + 55 = 143) equals 11 times the seventh term (11 × 13 = 143), illustrating a divisibility relation: 11 divides the sum of every ten consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Geometrically, 11 relates to the hendecagon, a polygon with eleven sides, which is regular if all sides and angles are equal; constructing a regular hendecagon requires solving equations involving the 11th roots of unity. In modular arithmetic, 11 ≡ 11 (mod 12), a trivial but illustrative congruence often used in examples of residue classes, such as in Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions, where infinitely many primes are congruent to 11 modulo 12.

Chronology

Years Denoted 11

In 11 BC, the Roman Republic under Augustus continued its transition toward imperial stability, with the Julian calendar—reformed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC to align the lunar and solar cycles by adding 67 days to that year and introducing leap years—fully operational and influencing administrative and religious practices across the empire. This period saw Augustus focusing on domestic reforms and military consolidation following campaigns in the East, though no singular cataclysmic event defined the year. The year AD 11 marked a phase of relative peace in the early Roman Empire, as Augustus, then in his mid-50s, oversaw the expansion of infrastructure and the Pax Romana, with the empire's borders secured from Spain to the Danube. Minor administrative adjustments and provincial governance continued without major upheavals, reflecting the steady institutionalization of imperial authority that characterized Augustus' long reign. 1911 was a pivotal year in global history, highlighted by the Xinhai Revolution in China, which began on October 10 and led to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty, establishing the Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen and ending over two millennia of imperial rule. In the United States, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire on March 25 in New York City killed 146 garment workers, mostly young immigrant women, due to locked exits and inadequate fire safety, spurring labor reforms and the creation of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. Additionally, American archaeologist Hiram Bingham announced the "discovery" of Machu Picchu in Peru on July 24, bringing international attention to the Inca citadel abandoned in the 16th century. The year 2011 witnessed transformative global upheavals, including the Arab Spring, a series of pro-democracy protests and revolutions across the Middle East and North Africa starting in Tunisia in December 2010 and intensifying through 2011, leading to the ousting of leaders in Egypt, Libya, and Yemen. On March 11, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake off Japan's coast triggered a tsunami that killed nearly 16,000 people and caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the worst since Chernobyl, releasing radioactive material and prompting international reevaluations of nuclear safety. U.S. Navy SEALs killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden on May 2 in Abbottabad, Pakistan, ending a decade-long manhunt following the 9/11 attacks. As of 2025, the year 2111 remains distant, with no specific planned space missions or climate milestones firmly scheduled, though long-term projections from organizations like NASA and the IPCC outline scenarios for that era, including potential advancements in interstellar exploration and efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C through sustained emissions reductions beyond 2100.

Notable Dates and Events

November 11 holds profound historical significance due to the Armistice of 1918, which marked the end of World War I. At 5:00 a.m. on that date, Allied and German representatives signed the agreement in a railroad car in the Compiègne Forest, stipulating an immediate cessation of hostilities effective at 11:00 a.m.—the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month—allowing time for the ceasefire orders to propagate across the front lines. This "11th hour diplomacy" averted further unnecessary casualties, as fighting continued until the exact moment in some sectors, resulting in approximately 2,700 additional deaths and over 10,000 total casualties on the final day, including wounded and missing. The event is commemorated annually as Armistice Day in many countries, honoring the war's 16 million military and civilian deaths. In contemporary culture, November 11 is also celebrated as Singles' Day in China, originating in the 1990s among college students as a lighthearted anti-Valentine's Day observance due to the date's repetitive "11" resembling four single sticks. Alibaba transformed it into the world's largest e-commerce event starting in 2009, with promotions emphasizing discounts for unmarried consumers. By 2024, the event generated a record $202 billion in sales across platforms like Taobao and Tmall, surpassing Black Friday and Cyber Monday combined. In 2025, despite economic challenges and an extended five-week promotional period, the event generated approximately 1.695 trillion yuan ($240 billion) in sales across platforms according to third-party data provider Syntun, marking a roughly 17.5% increase from 2024. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, known as 9/11, represent one of the deadliest assaults on U.S. soil, when 19 al-Qaeda hijackers seized four commercial airliners. Two planes struck the World Trade Center's Twin Towers in New York City, causing their collapse and killing 2,753 people; a third hit the Pentagon, claiming 184 lives; and the fourth crashed in Pennsylvania after passenger intervention, with 40 fatalities. The coordinated strikes, planned by Osama bin Laden, resulted in nearly 3,000 total deaths and prompted the U.S.-led global War on Terror, including invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, while riding in an open motorcade through Dealey Plaza with First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally. Shots fired from the Texas School Book Depository struck Kennedy fatally in the head and wounded Connally, with Lee Harvey Oswald arrested as the lone gunman shortly after, though he was killed two days later by Jack Ruby. The event, witnessed by millions via television, plunged the nation into mourning and sparked decades of investigations into possible conspiracies, reshaping U.S. political and security landscapes. The Apollo 11 mission, NASA's fifth crewed Apollo flight and the 11th in the program, achieved the first human moon landing on July 20, 1969. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface in the Eagle module, while Command Module Pilot Michael Collins orbited above; Armstrong's words—"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind"—symbolized humanity's technological triumph during the Space Race. The mission returned 47 pounds of lunar samples and fulfilled President Kennedy's 1961 pledge to land humans on the Moon before decade's end, advancing scientific understanding of the solar system. In 2025, space exploration featured notable 11th-mission milestones, including NASA's SpaceX Crew-11, launched on August 1 from Kennedy Space Center carrying four astronauts including commander Zena Cardman to the International Space Station for a six-month expedition focused on scientific research and station maintenance, continues with notable observations such as Cardman's accelerated footage of the aurora borealis captured from the ISS and released on November 17, 2025, amid heightened solar activity. Additionally, SpaceX conducted the 11th test flight of its Starship rocket on October 13 from Starbase, Texas, successfully testing heat shield improvements and booster landing capabilities critical for future Mars missions. These events underscore ongoing advancements in reusable spacecraft technology.

Literature

Novels

Eleven Minutes (2003) by Paulo Coelho follows Maria, a young woman from a small Brazilian town who moves to Geneva, Switzerland, and becomes a prostitute while searching for love and self-discovery through her experiences with sex and relationships. The novel explores themes of spirituality and personal growth, drawing on Coelho's signature blend of philosophical reflection and narrative storytelling. Eleven (2006) by David Llewellyn is a Welsh novel presented entirely through emails exchanged by protagonist Martin Davies, a frustrated accountant in Cardiff, chronicling his ordinary day that coincides with the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and forces him to confront personal dissatisfaction and global events. Published by Seren, the book captures the immediacy of digital communication to reveal interpersonal dynamics and emotional isolation in modern office life. Station Eleven (2014) by Emily St. John Mandel depicts a world ravaged by a deadly influenza pandemic that collapses civilization, intertwining stories of survivors including a traveling symphony preserving art and culture amid ruins. The narrative spans before and after the catastrophe, emphasizing themes of resilience, memory, and the enduring value of human creativity. Eleven on Top (2005) by Janet Evanovich, the eleventh novel in her Stephanie Plum mystery series, follows bounty hunter Stephanie Plum as she quits her job amid escalating threats and embarks on a new career path fraught with danger and humor. The work highlights Plum's resilience against sabotage at her workplace, blending fast-paced action with comedic mishaps that underscore themes of reinvention and peril in everyday life. In more recent publications, Orphan Eleven (2020) by Jane Yolen portrays 11-year-old Lucy Sauvé, an orphan in a Philadelphia home during the eve of World War II, who dreams of joining the circus while navigating institutional hardships and budding friendships. Girl, 11 (2021) by Amy Suiter Clarke centers on podcaster Elle Castle, who reopens the cold case of the "Countdown Killer," a serial murderer targeting women based on their age, as new clues emerge threatening her own family. Eleven Liars (2023) by Robert Gold features investigative journalist Ben Harper uncovering a network of deceit in his hometown after a fire reveals a body, linking back to his brother's unsolved childhood murder and exposing long-buried community secrets. Eleven Eleven (2024) by Micalea Smeltzer is a reverse age-gap romance about Via James, a 32-year-old woman post-divorce who moves to a small town and unexpectedly falls for Reid Crawford, 11 years her junior, exploring themes of second chances and living life on one's own terms. The Eleven (2024) by Kyle Rutkin is a psychological thriller following screenwriter Kohl Reynolds as he investigates the disappearance of actress Savannah Beck, delving into Hollywood's underbelly of fame, heartbreak, and dark secrets. Eleven Houses (2024) by Colleen Oakes is a young adult horror-romance set on the haunted island of Weymouth, Nova Scotia, where teenager Mabel from House Beuvry uncovers deadly rivalries among the eleven ancient families guarding a mysterious power. Eleven Percent (2025) by Maren Uthaug, translated by Caroline Waight, is a speculative novel depicting a world where 89% of the population vanishes overnight, leaving survivors to navigate societal collapse, isolation, and the search for meaning in the aftermath.

Short Stories and Other Works

In Sandra Cisneros's short story "Eleven," published in 1991 as part of her collection Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories, the narrative unfolds from the perspective of Rachel, an eleven-year-old girl navigating embarrassment and injustice on her birthday when her teacher mistakenly attributes an old sweater to her. The story delves into the emotional layers of childhood, illustrating how Rachel internalizes multiple ages—feeling simultaneously five, ten, and eleven—amidst vulnerability and the struggle for self-assertion. Cisneros uses this intimate lens to explore themes of identity, age, and unspoken emotions, capturing the raw injustice faced by young voices in authoritative settings. Jonathan Coe's Number 11 (2015) offers a satirical examination of contemporary British society, intertwining vignettes of political corruption, economic disparity, and personal disillusionment through interconnected narratives involving a documentary filmmaker, a banker, and two young girls encountering societal oddities. Drawing on real events like the death of David Kelly and the rise of austerity measures, the book critiques the erosion of public trust and the absurdities of power structures in a fragmented nation. Coe employs a mosaic structure to evoke unease about inequality and media manipulation, positioning the number 11 as a symbolic marker of division and unrest. Post-2020, anthologies like Eleven Stories 2021–2023 from Desperate Literature compile short fiction from international writers, reflecting pandemic-era themes of isolation, resilience, and human connection through inventive narratives that capture the disorientation of global lockdowns and recovery. This collection, drawing from prize shortlists during 2021 to 2023, emphasizes open-ended explorations of loss and adaptation, with stories evoking the quiet upheavals of restricted lives and tentative returns to normalcy.

Music

Albums

Several music albums bear the title "11", "Eleven", or "11:11", reflecting the number's symbolic or sequential significance in artists' discographies across rock, pop, country, and other genres. These releases often mark milestones, such as a band's debut or an artist's eleventh project, and explore themes ranging from personal introspection to high-energy anthems. Notable examples include works from alternative rock pioneers to contemporary K-pop and R&B acts. The Smithereens' 11, released in 1989, is an alternative rock album featuring jangly guitars and power pop hooks, produced by Ed Stasium, with standout tracks like "A Girl Like You" that captured the era's post-punk revival sound. This Capitol Records release solidified the New Jersey quartet's reputation for melodic, guitar-driven songs influenced by British Invasion bands. Eleven's self-titled debut Eleven (1993) is an alternative rock album blending grunge, psychedelia, and heavy riffs, recorded with producer Sylvia Massy and featuring Alain Johannes on vocals and guitar alongside Natasha Shneider. Released on Morgan Creek Records, it showcases raw energy in tracks like "Crash Today," drawing comparisons to contemporaries like Soundgarden for its dynamic shifts and emotional intensity. Martina McBride's Eleven (2011) is a country album, her eleventh studio effort, produced by Byron Gallimore and McBride herself, blending traditional balladry with contemporary twang on tracks like "I'm Gonna Love You Through It." Released via Republic Nashville on October 11, it highlights McBride's soaring soprano and themes of resilience, earning acclaim for its polished production and emotional depth. B'z's ELEVEN (2000) is a hard rock album by the Japanese duo, their eleventh overall, produced by Tak Matsumoto and Inaba Koshi, incorporating pop-rock elements with powerful ballads like "Seventh Heaven." Issued by Rooms Records, it debuted at number one in Japan, selling over 1.1 million copies and exemplifying the band's fusion of Western hard rock with J-pop accessibility. IVE's Eleven (2021) is the K-pop girl group's debut single album, produced by Starship Entertainment, featuring the title track "ELEVEN" with ethereal synth-pop and synchronized choreography evoking mystery and allure. Released on December 1, it topped South Korean charts, selling over 200,000 copies in its first week and launching the six-member act's global rise through viral dance challenges. Chris Brown's 11:11 (2023) is an R&B and pop double album, his eleventh studio release, self-produced with collaborators like BNXN, mixing Afrobeats and dancehall in tracks such as "Sensational" featuring Davido and Lojay. Issued by RCA Records on November 10, it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, exploring romance and self-reflection with 22 songs that highlight Brown's vocal versatility and production innovation. As of 2025, no major albums titled "11" or "Eleven" have emerged post-2023, though indie and niche releases continue to reference the number sporadically.

Songs

One notable song titled "11" is by American singer-songwriter Cassadee Pope, released in 2013 as part of her debut album Frame by Frame. This introspective country-pop track explores themes of childhood turmoil and family breakdown, specifically drawing from Pope's personal experiences with her parents' divorce, evoking a sense of emotional reflection and resilience. Another prominent example is "11:11 (Wish)" by Jordin Sparks, a 2013 promo single characterized as a sultry pop ballad centered on the tradition of making wishes at 11:11, where the narrator yearns to be her lover's true desire amid relational uncertainty. Produced by Salaam Remi, the song blends R&B influences with heartfelt lyrics about longing and hope. In the alternative rock genre, "Eleven" by Primus stands out, released in 1991 on the album Sailing the Seas of Cheese. This energetic track, driven by Les Claypool's distinctive bass riff, features surreal and whimsical lyrics depicting a bizarre narrative involving a character named Eleven in a dreamlike, chaotic scenario, emblematic of the band's quirky, funk-metal style. More recently, the 2024 Eurovision entry "11:11" by Spanish group Megara, representing San Marino, is an electropop anthem with gothic undertones that delves into themes of farewell, loss, and emotional release, using the 11:11 motif as a symbol of a final moment shared between lovers. The bilingual track (Spanish and English) gained attention for its dramatic production and empowering message of moving on. In 2025, Jamaican dancehall artist Spice released "Eleven," a high-energy hip-hop-infused diss track featuring Bambi, which addresses industry rivalries and personal vendettas through bold, rhythmic flows and Jamaican patois, marking a shift toward confrontational storytelling in her catalog. The single, distributed via major platforms, highlights Spice's versatility in blending dancehall with hip-hop elements for viral impact.

Film and Television

Films

"10 to 11" (2009) is a Turkish drama film directed by Pelin Esmer, centering on Mithat, a reclusive man in Istanbul who obsessively collects old newspapers in his apartment. As his building faces demolition for urban redevelopment, Mithat's efforts to preserve his collection and home force him to confront his isolated existence and lifelong regrets over unfulfilled ambitions and social withdrawal. The film, praised for its subtle portrayal of urban alienation, premiered at the Istanbul International Film Festival. In 2012, the short film "Apogee of Fear" became the first narrative fiction shot in outer space, directed by Richard Garriott. Filmed aboard the International Space Station during Garriott's private mission, this 8-minute science fiction comedy depicts an astronaut's chaotic attempt to fix a malfunctioning toilet while grappling with zero-gravity mishaps and cosmic absurdity. Produced as a lighthearted experiment in extraterrestrial filmmaking, it underscores the logistical and technical hurdles of space-based production. "Bloeistraat 11" (2018), known in English as "Bloomstreet 11," is a Dutch animated short film directed by Nienke Deutz, following two inseparable 11-year-old best friends spending their last summer holiday of childhood amusing themselves around the house at Bloeistraat 11. As summer progresses, their bodies begin to change with the onset of puberty, threatening their close bond in a story blending whimsy and melancholy. The film won the Prix UIP Ghent for European Short Film at the Ghent International Film Festival. The 2025 Indian bilingual crime thriller "Eleven," directed by Lokkesh Ajls and starring Naveen Chandra, Abhirami, and Dileepan, follows a dedicated police officer tasked with unraveling a string of intricate serial murders linked to psychological trauma. As the investigation deepens, the narrative weaves suspenseful twists revealing the killer's motives rooted in past betrayals. Released simultaneously in Tamil and Telugu, it garnered acclaim for its taut pacing and strong ensemble performances upon its streaming debut on Prime Video. While Paulo Coelho's novel "Eleven Minutes" inspired development talks for a feature adaptation as early as 2005 by New Line Cinema, no major theatrical release occurred by 2025, though the story's themes of self-discovery and intimacy continue to influence discussions in literary cinema circles.

Television Productions

Eleven, also known as El or Jane Hopper, is a central character in the Netflix science fiction horror series Stranger Things, which premiered in 2016 and continues into 2025. Portrayed by Millie Bobby Brown, Eleven is a young girl with psychokinetic abilities, including telekinesis and opening gates to the parallel dimension known as the Upside Down, stemming from her traumatic upbringing in a secret government laboratory under Project MKUltra. She escapes the lab and forms bonds with a group of friends in Hawkins, Indiana, becoming pivotal in battling supernatural threats across multiple seasons. As of November 2025, Stranger Things season 5, the final installment, is releasing in three volumes: the first four episodes on November 26, three episodes on December 25, and the two-hour finale on December 31, with Eleven's arc focusing on her legacy and confrontation with lingering Upside Down forces. Station Eleven is a 2021 HBO Max limited miniseries adapting Emily St. John Mandel's 2014 novel of the same name, spanning 10 episodes across multiple timelines in a post-apocalyptic world devastated by a flu pandemic. The series follows survivors, including actors and musicians in the Travelling Symphony troupe, as they rebuild society while preserving art and culture amid themes of loss, memory, and resilience. Directed by Hiro Murai and others, it stars Hildur Guðnadóttir for the score and features a nonlinear narrative connecting characters before, during, and after the collapse, earning critical acclaim for its poignant exploration of human connection. The miniseries holds a 98% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 57 reviews, highlighting its innovative adaptation during the real-world COVID-19 pandemic. 11.22.63 is an eight-episode Hulu miniseries that premiered in 2016, adapted from Stephen King's 2011 novel by the same title, produced by J.J. Abrams' Bad Robot Productions. Starring James Franco as high school teacher Jake Epping, the plot centers on his time-travel mission through a portal in a diner to the 1960s, aiming to prevent the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, while facing obstacles like the obsessive past and Lee Harvey Oswald. Written by Bridget Carpenter, it blends thriller elements with historical drama, earning an 83% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 64 reviews for its gripping narrative and faithful yet accessible take on King's alternate history. PIX11, officially WPIX-TV (channel 11), is a CW-affiliated television station based in New York City, founded in 1948 and serving as the network's de facto flagship since 2006. Owned by Mission Broadcasting and operated by Nexstar Media Group, it broadcasts local news, weather, sports, and syndicated programming from the Empire State Building, reaching the New York metropolitan area with a focus on community events and Mets baseball coverage. As of 2025, PIX11 continues to provide 24-hour news through its website and over-the-air signal, though it faced temporary carriage disputes with providers like Optimum earlier in the year. KAN 11 is an Israeli public free-to-air television channel operated by the Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation (IPBC), launched on May 15, 2017, as part of the public broadcaster's replacement for the Israel Broadcasting Authority. It offers a mix of news, documentaries, cultural programs, sports, and educational content in Hebrew, with English-language news segments available via its digital platforms, emphasizing public service and diverse viewpoints. As of 2025, KAN 11 streams live broadcasts and on-demand content through its official app and website, maintaining its role in national discourse with high-quality journalism and original productions.

Sports

Teams and Leagues

Indy Eleven is a professional soccer club based in Indianapolis, Indiana, founded on April 25, 2013, and named to honor the state's position as the 11th to join the United States. The team began competing in the North American Soccer League (NASL) in 2014 before transitioning to the United Soccer League (USL) Championship in 2018, where it has since established itself as a competitive force in the Eastern Conference. Notable achievements include securing multiple playoff appearances, contributing to the growth of professional soccer in the Midwest. In esports, Eleven Gaming emerged as a Canadian organization in 2018, focusing primarily on Fortnite competitions and backed by NHL player Zach Hyman's ownership stake, which has supported its entry into North American tournaments. The team has participated in events like the Fortnite Champion Series, emphasizing community-driven content and player development in the battle royale genre. Similarly, ELEVEN ESPORTS, a South Korean squad formed in early 2024, competes in PUBG: Battlegrounds within the SEA and Oceania regions, achieving placements in regional qualifiers and fostering a roster centered on tactical gameplay. Amateur and regional teams bearing the name "Club 11" exist internationally, particularly in cricket and soccer. For instance, Club 11 in India operates as a multi-sport amateur outfit, with its cricket division active in local turf tournaments since at least 2024, hosting events like the Open Age Category at Club 11 Turf in Chennai that drew 24 participating teams. These clubs often emphasize grassroots participation over professional accolades, serving community-based leagues in sports like cricket where the standard team size aligns with the "11" nomenclature. In educational contexts, Grade 11 sports divisions represent high school athletic programs for 11th-grade students, common in systems like those in Canada and parts of the U.S., where teams compete in interscholastic leagues under associations such as the Colorado High School Activities Association. These divisions focus on age-appropriate competitions in sports like basketball and soccer, prioritizing skill development and school representation without standalone "11" league branding, though they integrate into broader youth athletic frameworks.

Events and Rules

In association football, also known as soccer, each team fields a maximum of eleven players, including one goalkeeper, as stipulated in Law 3 of the Laws of the Game governed by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) and enforced by FIFA. This standard has been in place since the sport's codification in the 19th century, originating from the Football Association's 1863 rules that established the eleven-player format to balance offensive and defensive play on a standard pitch. Matches cannot commence or continue if a team has fewer than seven players, with substitutions limited to five per team in most competitions to maintain the integrity of the eleven-a-side structure. Cricket follows a similar convention, with each side consisting of eleven players, as defined in Law 1 of the Laws of Cricket maintained by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and adopted by the International Cricket Council (ICC). This format dates back to the sport's early standardization in 1744 at the Bat & Ball Inn in Hambledon, England, where eleven players per team were first formalized to accommodate batting, bowling, and fielding roles across formats like Test matches, One Day Internationals, and T20. Substitutes are permitted only for injuries or specific circumstances, ensuring the core eleven-player composition remains central to gameplay strategy and team balance. Several other sports adhere to an eleven-player team limit, including field hockey, where each side has eleven players (including a goalkeeper) under rules set by the International Hockey Federation (FIH), emphasizing positional play on a 91.4-meter pitch. American football also mandates eleven players per team on the field at a time, as per National Football League (NFL) and NCAA regulations, with unlimited substitutions between plays to manage offensive, defensive, and special teams units. These rules promote tactical depth while preventing overcrowding, a principle echoed in the historical evolution of team sizes in bat-and-ball or contact sports. Eleven-a-side tournaments form a cornerstone of competitive play in these disciplines, with major events like the FIFA World Cup and ICC Cricket World Cup adhering strictly to the format for international representation. In rugby, while the standard union variant uses fifteen players, eleven-a-side adaptations exist for youth and social levels, such as under RFU Regulation 15 for U11 matches, which cap teams at nine but inspire scaled 11-a-side formats in tournaments like the Chiang Mai International Rugby 11s. Rugby League 11s, a modified version with safety-focused rules, features in developmental competitions to accelerate gameplay. By 2025, notable eleven-a-side milestones include the Marshall Islands' debut in international football in August, marking their first 11-a-side friendlies against the US Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, and Guam in the Outrigger Challenge Cup in Springdale, Arkansas, after years of small-sided play. Ongoing tournaments, such as the Phuket International Rugby 11s and various youth football cups in Europe and Asia, continue to highlight the format's global appeal, often integrating it with Olympic-style qualifiers for emerging nations.

Other Uses

Transportation

In urban rail systems, the number 11 has been used for several historical and contemporary services. The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) Route 11 operated on the Myrtle Avenue Line in New York City, providing elevated service from Metropolitan Avenue in Brooklyn to Sands Street in Downtown Brooklyn via the Myrtle Avenue Elevated. This route, designated as BMT 11 in the 1924 numbering system and later known as the MJ service, began as part of the Dual Contracts expansion in the early 20th century and connected residential areas in Bushwick and Bedford-Stuyvesant to Manhattan bridges. Service on the elevated portion from Jay Street to Broadway-Myrtle Avenues was discontinued on July 1, 1944, due to declining ridership and wartime priorities, with the remaining stub integrated into the BMT Jamaica Line as part of the J train by 1969, when the final elevated segment was demolished. Bus routes numbered 11 have long been staples in major cities, often embodying iconic public transport heritage. London's Route 11, introduced by the London General Omnibus Company in August 1906, is one of the oldest continuously operating bus services in the world, initially running horse-drawn omnibuses before transitioning to motorized vehicles. The route has evolved from its original path through central London, passing landmarks like St. Paul's Cathedral, Trafalgar Square, and the Houses of Parliament, and by the 1930s extended from Liverpool Street to Shepherd's Bush; today, it operates from Fulham Broadway to Waterloo Station, serving 24 hours a day with electric double-decker buses that maintain its status as a heritage route wrapped in heritage livery since 2014. In aviation, flight numbers ending in 11 have been associated with significant events, particularly American Airlines Flight 11. On September 11, 2001, this Boeing 767-223(ER), en route from Boston to Los Angeles, was hijacked shortly after takeoff by five al-Qaeda terrorists who crashed it into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m., initiating the coordinated terrorist attacks that killed all 92 people on board, including Captain John Ogonowski, First Officer Thomas McGuinness, and nine flight attendants. The incident led to sweeping changes in global aviation security, including enhanced cockpit protections and screening protocols, and remains a pivotal reference in airline safety histories. By 2025, high-speed rail networks in Asia feature lines numbered 11 that integrate urban and regional travel. Shenzhen Metro Line 11, which opened on June 28, 2016, and was extended to span 53.5 km with 19 stations as of 2025, achieving maximum speeds of 120 km/h—double that of typical metro lines—making it China's fastest urban rail service at the time of launch.) The line connects the Futian central business district to Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport and extends to the Dongguan border, facilitating journeys from Bitou to Futian and linking to the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link for broader high-speed connectivity. In Europe, while no dedicated intercity high-speed line bears the number 11, extensions to existing networks like Paris Metro Line 11 (inaugurated in June 2024) support regional high-speed integration by connecting suburbs to central hubs, aligning with the EU's 2025 High-Speed Rail Action Plan for cross-border expansions.

Brands and Technology

Eleven Film is a British television production company founded in 2006 by Jamie Campbell and Joel Wilson, specializing in drama, documentary, and comedy series for UK and international broadcasters. The company has produced acclaimed shows such as Sex Education for Netflix, which earned international Emmy and BAFTA nominations for its exploration of adolescent sexuality and identity, and The Enfield Haunting for Sky Living, a supernatural drama based on real events. Other notable productions include Glue for E4, a mystery thriller set in rural England, and True Horror for Channel 4, an anthology series delving into psychological terror. In 2020, Eleven Film was acquired by Sony Pictures Television, enabling expanded global distribution of its content. 11:11 Systems is a U.S.-based managed infrastructure solutions provider founded in 2020 by Brett Diamond, focusing on cloud, connectivity, and security services for enterprises. The company has grown through strategic acquisitions, including Green Cloud Defense in 2021 to enhance its infrastructure-as-a-service offerings, iland in 2022 for disaster recovery and backup solutions, and parts of Sungard Availability Services' recovery and cloud management businesses later that year. These moves have positioned 11:11 Systems as a key player in hybrid cloud environments, serving over 700 partners with secure, scalable IT infrastructure. EleVen by Venus Williams is an activewear brand launched in 2007 by tennis champion Venus Williams, emphasizing performance apparel for tennis, fitness, and everyday wear with a focus on fashion-forward designs. The line features innovative fabrics for moisture-wicking and mobility, including collections like the Legacy series for on-court versatility and lifestyle pieces blending athleisure with professional aesthetics. Initially partnered with retailer Steve & Barry's, EleVen expanded independently before pausing operations in 2024 to allow Williams to pursue other ventures. Eleven Eleven is a watch brand inspired by the symbolic 11:11 moment, often associated with wishes and manifestation, offering affordable, stylish timepieces for women and men since the early 2010s. The collection includes minimalist designs with stainless steel cases, interchangeable straps in colors like black and white, and quartz movements for everyday reliability, priced around $149 during promotions. Marketed as motivational accessories, the watches emphasize empowerment and have been featured in lifestyle sales on platforms like Gilt. Post-2020 innovations named "11" or "Eleven" include ElevenLabs, an AI-driven voice technology company founded in 2022, which develops generative audio tools for text-to-speech synthesis and dubbing used in content creation and accessibility applications. The platform, which raised $19 million in Series A funding in 2023 and $180 million in Series C funding in January 2025 at a $3.3 billion valuation, supports over 70 languages with realistic, customizable voices as of June 2025 following the release of Eleven v3. In blockchain, Project Eleven launched in 2025 as a venture to protect digital assets like Bitcoin from quantum computing threats through post-quantum cryptography integrations. This initiative focuses on upgrading blockchain protocols for long-term security without disrupting existing networks.

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