Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

JMS

J. Michael Straczynski (born Joseph Michael Straczynski; July 17, 1954) is an American television, film, and comic book writer, producer, and director renowned for pioneering serialized narrative structures in science fiction television.^[1] Best known as the creator, showrunner, and primary writer of the 1990s series Babylon 5, he penned 92 of its 110 episodes, outlining the entire five-season arc in advance to enable intricate, novel-like storytelling that influenced later shows such as Lost and Battlestar Galactica.^[1] His work on the series earned him multiple accolades, including two Hugo Awards for Best Dramatic Presentation, a Saturn Award, and the Ray Bradbury Award.^[2] Straczynski's career spans diverse media, beginning with journalism and early television writing before achieving breakthrough success with Babylon 5, which aired from 1993 to 1998 and depicted interstellar diplomacy amid war and moral dilemmas on a neutral space station.^[1] He expanded into film screenplays, such as Clint Eastwood's Changeling (2008), for which he drew from over 6,000 historical sources to ensure factual grounding, and genre projects like Ninja Assassin (2009).^[3] In comics, his run on Marvel's The Amazing Spider-Man (2001–2007) revitalized the character through themes of personal sacrifice and ethical complexity, marking a significant return to the title after nearly two decades away as of 2023.^[4] Beyond production, Straczynski has authored novels, short stories, and his 2019 memoir Becoming Superman, which details his challenging upbringing marked by familial instability and abuse, informing his emphasis on resilient protagonists and systemic critiques in his narratives.^[5] His commitment to pre-planned, cohesive world-building—eschewing standalone "anthology" episodes—set a benchmark for long-form television, though it demanded rigorous discipline, including writing during personal health crises to meet deadlines.^[6] Straczynski remains active, developing a Babylon 5 reboot and contributing to projects like Netflix's Sense8.^[2]

Computing

Java Message Service

The Java Message Service (JMS) is a standard application programming interface (API) defined in the Java programming language for enabling asynchronous communication between distributed applications via message-oriented middleware (MOM). It allows Java components to produce, send, consume, and process messages in a provider-agnostic manner, facilitating loose coupling, reliability, and scalability in enterprise systems.^[7]^[8] JMS abstracts the complexities of underlying messaging systems, providing uniform semantics for message handling while supporting both synchronous and asynchronous operations. Messages in JMS consist of a header (with fields like JMSDestination and JMSTimestamp), optional properties for application-defined metadata, and a body supporting types such as TextMessage, BytesMessage, or ObjectMessage.^[9] Delivery guarantees include at-most-once, at-least-once, or exactly-once semantics, often achieved through transacted sessions.^[10] The specification originated in 1998 as part of early Java EE efforts, with JMS 1.1 serving as the stable version until a significant revision.^[11] JMS 2.0, finalized on May 21, 2013, under JSR 343, introduced enhancements including a simplified send API (e.g., JMSProducer for non-session-based sending), support for shared durable subscriptions in publish-subscribe domains, batch message sending and acknowledgment, and integration with Java EE dependency injection via @Resource or @Inject for JMSContext.^[12]^[13] These changes addressed developer usability and alignment with Java EE 7, mandating both point-to-point and publish-subscribe implementations by providers.^[12] JMS operates through key abstractions: a ConnectionFactory to create Connections, which in turn yield Sessions for producing or consuming messages via MessageProducer or MessageConsumer objects tied to Destinations (queues for point-to-point or topics for publish-subscribe).^[9] Point-to-point messaging uses queues where a single consumer processes each message, suitable for request-reply patterns, while publish-subscribe employs topics for one-to-many fan-out, with optional durable subscriptions for offline consumers.^[10] Following Oracle's transfer of Java EE to the Eclipse Foundation in 2017, JMS evolved into Jakarta Messaging, retaining backward compatibility. The current version, Jakarta Messaging 3.1, was released on March 15, 2022, as part of Jakarta EE 10, with minor updates focused on namespace changes to "jakarta.jms" and continued support for cloud-native deployments.^[14]^[15] JMS 2.1 (JSR 368) was proposed in 2014 but withdrawn in 2016 without release.^[11] Implementations, known as JMS providers, include open-source options like Apache ActiveMQ and commercial ones like IBM MQ, which handle persistence, routing, and fault tolerance.^[16] The API's portability requires provider-specific configuration for connection factories and destinations, often via JNDI in Java EE containers.^[8]

People

J. Michael Straczynski

J. Michael Straczynski, born Joseph Michael Straczynski on July 17, 1954, in Paterson, New Jersey, is an American writer, producer, and director known for his work in science fiction television and comic books.^[17] ^[18] He attended San Diego State University and began his career in journalism before transitioning to screenwriting.^[19] Straczynski's early life was marked by familial dysfunction, as detailed in his 2019 memoir Becoming Superman: My Journey from Poverty to Hollywood with a Little Help from My Friends, which recounts an abusive upbringing involving a criminal grandfather who forced him into tasks like catching pigeons and a nomadic family life due to his father's issues.^[5] These experiences shaped his resilience and creative drive, leading him to journalism roles at outlets like the Pasadena Journal before entering entertainment.^[5] In television, Straczynski achieved prominence as the creator, writer, and executive producer of the syndicated science fiction series Babylon 5, which aired from 1993 to 1998 and featured serialized storytelling centered on a space station promoting interstellar diplomacy.^[20] He penned 92 of the series' 110 episodes and extended its universe through spin-offs like Crusade and telefilms, pioneering direct fan engagement via early internet forums as the first showrunner to do so systematically.^[21] Later credits include creating and producing Jeremiah (2002–2004), a post-apocalyptic drama based on his own comic, and contributing scripts to projects like Thor (2011).^[1] He founded Studio JMS in 2008 to develop original content.^[22] Straczynski's comic book career spans multiple publishers, beginning with contributions to titles like The Twilight Zone in the 1980s.^[23] For Image/Top Cow, he created creator-owned series such as Rising Stars (1999–2005) and Midnight Nation (2000), exploring supernatural and philosophical themes under his "Joe's Comics" imprint.^[24] At Marvel, he wrote The Amazing Spider-Man from 2001 to 2007, introducing elements like the "One More Day" storyline, followed by runs on Thor (2007–2010) and Fantastic Four.^[25] For DC, he authored the Superman: Earth One graphic novels (2010–2015) and contributed to Brilliant Adventures.^[24] In film, Straczynski scripted Changeling (2008), directed by Clint Eastwood and starring Angelina Jolie, earning praise for its historical drama on a 1920s child abduction case.^[1] He provided uncredited rewrites for World War Z (2013) and official contributions to Thor (2011), while recent animated works include writing Watchmen Chapter II (2024) and Babylon 5: The Road Home (2023).^[26] Straczynski was married to writer Kathryn M. Drennan from 1983 until her death in 2020.^[1]

Jung Myung-seok

Jung Myung-seok (born March 16, 1945) is a South Korean religious leader and founder of the Christian Gospel Mission, commonly known as Providence or JMS. Born in the rural village of Seokmak-ri, Jinsan-myeon, Geumsan-gun, South Chungcheong Province, as the third of seven children to impoverished farmers, he discovered Christianity at age six and received limited formal education while assisting on the family farm.^[27] From his teenage years, he engaged in intensive prayer retreats in the mountains and later served as a street evangelist starting in 1965, rebuilding a local Presbyterian church in 1971. He also participated in the Vietnam War from 1966 to 1969 with the South Korean 9th Infantry Division, earning military honors.^[27] In June 1978, Jung relocated to Seoul and pursued independent ministry after exploring various Christian denominations. He established the MS Gospel Association in March 1982, which evolved into the Christian Gospel Mission, headquartered at the Wolmyeongdong complex he developed starting in 1989. The movement, which expanded internationally with its first overseas church in Los Angeles in 1987, teaches a symbolic interpretation of the Bible emphasizing numerology, the tripartite nature of human existence (body, soul, spirit), and God's purpose as consummating love with believers portrayed as divine brides. Jung positions himself as the "man of mission" or promised pastor fulfilling prophecies of the Second Coming, drawing on texts like the Book of Daniel to support his role.^[27] Jung's leadership has been marred by persistent allegations of sexual misconduct dating to the late 1980s, leading to his flight to the United States in 1999 amid media investigations. He was arrested in China on May 1, 2007, and extradited to South Korea, where courts convicted him of rape and sexual assault, imposing a 10-year sentence on February 10, 2009, for which he was imprisoned until his release on February 18, 2018. Following his release, he faced renewed charges for offenses committed between February 2018 and September 2021 against at least 21 female followers, including victims from South Korea, Hong Kong, and Australia.^[27]^[28]^[29] Rearrested on October 4, 2022, Jung was convicted by the Daejeon District Court on December 22, 2023, of sexual violence including "quasi-rape" and "quasi-imitative rape" (illicit intercourse with unconscious or incapacitated individuals) against three women, initially sentenced to 23 years. An appellate court reduced this to 17 years on October 2, 2024, a decision upheld by the Supreme Court, which also mandated a 15-year electronic ankle monitor and a 10-year prohibition on working with children, teens, or disabled persons. He remains incarcerated as of 2025.^[28]^[27]^[29]

Other notable individuals

John Millington Synge (16 April 1871 – 24 March 1909), known professionally as J. M. Synge, was an Irish playwright, poet, prose writer, and collector of folklore who played a central role in the Irish Literary Revival.^[30] His works, drawing from rural Irish life and the Aran Islands' culture, include seminal plays such as Riders to the Sea (1904), a one-act tragedy depicting a mother's loss of her sons to the sea, and The Playboy of the Western World (1907), a satirical drama about a young man's accidental patricide that sparked riots in Dublin upon premiere due to its portrayal of Irish peasant speech and themes.^[31] Synge's naturalistic dialogue and focus on human endurance amid harsh conditions earned him acclaim as a poetic dramatist of significant power, influencing modern Irish theater.^[30] He collaborated with the Abbey Theatre, co-founding it in 1904, and his unfinished play Deirdre of the Sorrows was posthumously completed by William Butler Yeats.^[31] Synge's health declined from Hodgkin's lymphoma, leading to his death at age 37, after which his legacy solidified through revivals emphasizing his critique of romanticized nationalism.^[30]

Buildings and Infrastructure

Jacksonville Municipal Stadium

Jacksonville Municipal Stadium opened on August 18, 1995, as the home venue for the National Football League's Jacksonville Jaguars, marking the franchise's inaugural preseason game against the Houston Oilers.^[32]^[33] The stadium was constructed on the north bank of the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida, replacing the earlier Gator Bowl Stadium, which had hosted college football events since 1928.^[32] Demolition of the prior structure began in late 1993, with full construction starting on January 3, 1994, and completing in 19.5 months at a cost of approximately $121 million for the refurbishment and expansion of the existing facility to meet NFL standards.^[34] The stadium's initial seating capacity stood at 73,000, designed to accommodate professional football with expandable sections for larger crowds reaching over 80,000 for select events.^[34] It featured open-air architecture with a distinctive arched roofline and riverfront views, facilitating natural ventilation in Florida's subtropical climate.^[33] Early upgrades included modern amenities like luxury suites and club seating to attract corporate sponsorships and enhance fan experience from the outset.^[32] Under its original name, the venue hosted the Jaguars' first regular-season home game on September 3, 1995, against the Houston Oilers, drawing significant local attendance and contributing to the team's early success, including AFC Central division titles in 1998 and 1999.^[34] It also continued traditions from the Gator Bowl era, such as the annual Florida–Georgia college football rivalry game and the Gator Bowl postseason matchup.^[33] The stadium underwent a $63 million renovation in 2005 ahead of Super Bowl XXXIX, adding escalators, elevators, premium suites, and party zones, which positioned Jacksonville as a host city for the event on February 6, 2005.^[32]^[33] Naming rights led to a change in 1997 to Alltel Stadium, reflecting a corporate sponsorship deal, before briefly reverting to Jacksonville Municipal Stadium in 2007 following the expiration of that agreement.^[34] Subsequent renamings included EverBank Field in 2010, TIAA Bank Field in 2018, and EverBank Stadium in 2023, underscoring ongoing financial partnerships amid evolving ownership structures.^[33] As of 2025, the facility—still operated under municipal oversight through a lease with the Jaguars—is in the early stages of a $1.4 billion overhaul, with construction ramping up post-2025 season for completion by August 2028, aiming to modernize seating, add a fixed roof, and reduce base capacity to 63,000 while preserving its role as a multi-purpose venue.^[34]

Publications

Journal of Mass Spectrometry

The Journal of Mass Spectrometry is a peer-reviewed scientific publication focused on the field of mass spectrometry, an analytical technique for measuring mass-to-charge ratios of ions to identify and quantify molecules. It encompasses fundamental research on ion processes, instrumentation design, and theoretical advancements, as well as applied studies in areas such as proteomics, metabolomics, environmental analysis, and pharmaceutical development. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles, perspectives, tutorials, and historical features to advance understanding and innovation in mass spectrometry methodologies.^[35] Originally launched as Organic Mass Spectrometry, the journal emphasized organic compound analysis via mass spectrometric techniques before expanding its scope. It transitioned to its current title to reflect broader coverage beyond organic applications, aligning with the evolution of mass spectrometry into interdisciplinary tools for complex sample characterization. Published by Wiley, it maintains bimonthly issues and adheres to rigorous peer review to ensure reproducibility and scientific validity in reported data.^[36]^[35] Key editorial leadership includes founding Editor-in-Chief Richard Caprioli, recognized for contributions to imaging mass spectrometry and biological applications. The associate advisory board features experts such as Valentina Datri (Switzerland), Lubertus Bijlsma (Spain), Neha Garg (USA), and Boone Prentice (USA), providing oversight on diverse topics from ion mobility to clinical diagnostics. This structure supports balanced evaluation of submissions, prioritizing empirical evidence over speculative claims.^[37] Journal metrics indicate a 2024 impact factor of 1.90, reflecting citation influence within analytical chemistry, with a 5-year impact factor of approximately 2.0 and a CiteScore of 4. The acceptance rate stands at 62%, with an average of 32 days from submission to first decision, facilitating timely dissemination of verified findings. Its H-index of 133 underscores long-term impact, though quartile ranking (Q3 in SJR) highlights competition from specialized outlets in proteomics and ion physics.^[38]^[39]^[35]

Other journals and series

The Journal of Management Studies (JMS), established in 1963 by the Society for the Advancement of Management Studies, is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal published eight times annually by Wiley-Blackwell.^[40] It focuses on advancing theoretical and empirical research in organization theory, organizational behavior, strategic management, human resource management, and innovation, emphasizing rigorous methodologies and interdisciplinary perspectives.^[41] With a 2023 impact factor of 11.2 according to Journal Citation Reports, JMS ranks among leading outlets in business and management scholarship, attracting submissions from global academics.^[42] Other publications abbreviated as JMS include the Journal of Medical Society, a quarterly Indian journal launched in 2012 by the Scientific Scholar, covering clinical and public health topics across medical specialties with an emphasis on evidence-based practice in resource-limited settings.^[43] Its scope prioritizes original research, case reports, and reviews from practitioners, though it maintains a regional focus with lower global citation metrics compared to established international peers. Less prominent entries encompass the Journal of Management and Science, an open-access biannual publication since 2011 from Eleyon Business Management and Science University in Nigeria, addressing management, economics, and social sciences but criticized for variable peer-review rigor and limited indexing in major databases.^[44] Additionally, the Journal of Membrane Science Letters (JMS Letters), an Elsevier imprint started in 2021, specializes in concise reports on membrane technology advancements for separation processes, targeting rapid dissemination in chemical engineering applications.^[45] No major book series consistently abbreviated as JMS were identified in scholarly indices.

Organizations and Movements

Providence (JMS religious movement)

Providence, also known as the Christian Gospel Mission (CGM) or JMS, is a South Korean new religious movement established by clergyman Jung Myung-seok in 1978, with the formal organization of the MS Gospel Association (later CGM) occurring in March 1982.^[46]^[27] Headquartered at the Wolmyeongdong Providence Training Center in South Chungcheong Province, the group draws from Christian theology but centers its teachings on Jung's claimed fulfillment of end-times prophecies, positioning him as the "promised pastor" or messianic figure who guides souls to heaven through 30 core lessons emphasizing repentance, the Holy Spirit, and obedience to divine will.^[47]^[46] Adherents view Jung, born March 16, 1945, in Geumsan County, as having received direct revelations from God, influencing practices such as communal living, intensive Bible study, and rituals framed as spiritual purification.^[47] The movement expanded rapidly through street evangelism and recruitment targeting young adults, particularly university students and women, often via "heavenly deception" tactics like offering modeling opportunities, sports clubs, or casual Bible discussions without initial disclosure of affiliation.^[46] By the 1980s, it had grown to thousands of followers in Korea, establishing over 400 affiliated churches across more than 70 countries by the 2020s, with claimed membership in the tens of thousands domestically and smaller international communities.^[48] Practices include severing external family ties, prioritizing group loyalty, and for women, doctrines portraying them as "brides of God" or Jung, which emphasize physical appearance and submission as paths to salvation.^[46] The group maintains facilities for retreats and training, promoting a lifestyle of prayer, fasting, and evangelism, while rejecting mainstream Christian denominations as incomplete.^[49] Providence has faced persistent allegations of being a coercive cult, with critics citing manipulative recruitment, financial demands, and isolation tactics that hinder members' exit.^[46] Central to controversies are multiple convictions of Jung for sexual violence against female followers, whom prosecutors argued were groomed under religious pretexts such as "purification rituals" or messianic union.^[50] In 2009, Jung received a 10-year sentence for rapes committed between 1999 and 2002; he served the term after arrest in China in 2007 following years in hiding, and was released around 2018.^[46] Renewed investigations in the 2020s led to further charges; in January 2025, a South Korean court sentenced him to 17 years for additional assaults spanning 2015–2020, upholding evidence from victim testimonies and records despite movement denials of coercion or falsified claims.^[29] The group contests these as politically motivated persecutions akin to those against other minority faiths, attributing media portrayals to anti-NRM bias, though appellate courts have affirmed the verdicts based on empirical evidence.^[47] International branches, including in Australia since 1997 and the U.S., continue operations amid scrutiny, with ex-members reporting psychological harm and lawsuits alleging defamation by adherents.^[46]

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