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Mel's Drive-In

Mel's Drive-In is an American restaurant chain specializing in classic diner fare, founded in 1947 by Mel Weiss and Harold Dobbs in , , where it pioneered drive-in service with waitstaff delivering meals to customers' vehicles. The chain, evoking mid-20th-century Americana through its neon signage, chrome-trimmed architecture, and menu staples like hamburgers, , and milkshakes, expanded to multiple Bay Area locations before facing decline in the 1970s amid shifting dining trends. It achieved enduring cultural prominence after serving as a central setting in George Lucas's 1973 film , which romanticized its 1950s-era vibe and propelled the brand's revival in the 1980s under family successors. Today, Mel's operates nine locations across —including four in and others in the area—plus a recent outpost in , maintaining its focus on nostalgic, all-day breakfast and casual dining while adapting to modern operations without traditional carhops at all sites. The brand's resilience stems from its emphasis on quality ingredients and consistent service, distinguishing it from fleeting fast-food competitors despite economic pressures that shuttered the original iteration.

Founding and Early Development

Origins and Establishment (1947)

In 1947, David "Mel" Weiss and Harold Dobbs founded the first Mel's Drive-In restaurant at 140 South Van Ness Avenue in , , drawing inspiration from [Los Angeles](/page/Los Angeles) car hop establishments. This pioneering drive-in featured space for 110 cars, carhop service tailored to 's favorable weather, and a diner-style interior with booth seating, a , and high-capacity cooking equipment. The establishment capitalized on post-World War II automotive culture, offering convenient curbside dining that quickly proved successful, recouping initial startup costs within the first month of operation. By introducing this model to , Weiss and Dobbs set the foundation for a chain that emphasized speed, quality, and nostalgic Americana appeal.

Expansion and Peak Operations (1950s–1960s)

Following the establishment of the initial location in 1947, Mel's Drive-In expanded into a regional chain by the mid-1950s, capitalizing on the postwar surge in automobile ownership and drive-in dining popularity in . Founders Mel Weiss and Harold Dobbs opened additional outlets in key Bay Area cities including , Oakland, and , with further sites in Stockton and Sacramento, transforming the single restaurant into a model that emphasized high-volume service and eye-catching neon signage to attract motorists. By 1972, the chain had grown to 11 locations across the region, reflecting sustained demand amid the era's car culture boom. At its operational peak during the and early , Mel's generated approximately $4 million in annual revenue by , underscoring its efficiency in serving large crowds with a pre-fast-food menu focused on hamburgers, fries, shakes, and other staples prepared on high-capacity grills. Weiss reported daily production of 15,000 to 20,000 hamburgers across locations, supported by a service style that combined curbside delivery—where uniformed servers brought orders on trays to customers' vehicles—with indoor counter and booth seating for walk-ins. This hybrid model catered to late-night and all-hours patronage, fostering a vibrant atmosphere illuminated by bold signs and jukeboxes playing contemporary music, which positioned Mel's as a social hub for teenagers and families alike. service, a hallmark of the chain's peak years, was phased out in the early as operational costs rose and indoor dining preferences shifted, though the drive-in format remained central to its identity. The chain's success stemmed from rigorous quality controls, such as fresh-ground beef and house-made buns, which differentiated it from emerging competitors and sustained customer loyalty through the decade. Operations emphasized speed and volume without sacrificing the personalized touch of interactions, contributing to Mel's status as an emblem of American roadside dining before broader industry changes eroded its dominance.

Decline of the Original Chain

Factors Leading to Closure (1960s–1970s)

The original Mel's Drive-In chain, which had expanded to over 35 locations by the peak of the 1960s, began experiencing declining revenues amid intensifying competition from emerging fast-food chains such as , which by 1970 operated over 1,000 outlets emphasizing speed, low prices, and convenience over carhop service. This shift eroded the drive-in model's advantages, as consumers increasingly favored quicker, less labor-intensive dining options that aligned with accelerating suburban car culture and time constraints. By the early 1970s, changing tastes and operational inefficiencies— including the high costs of maintaining staffing and spacious lots—further pressured profitability, prompting founders Mel Weiss and Harold Dobbs to sell the franchise in 1972 to the Foster's . Foster's subsequent in the mid-1970s, amid broader economic challenges and its own mismanagement of acquired properties, accelerated the chain's collapse, leading to the closure of remaining outlets by the late 1970s. The iconic South Van Ness Avenue location in , featured in the 1973 film , continued operating briefly post-filming but was demolished in 1976 after ownership changes failed to stem losses.

Revival and Modern Iterations

Next Generation Reopening (1980s)

In 1985, Steven Weiss, son of the original founder Mel Weiss, partnered with businessman Donald Wagstaff to revive the Mel's Drive-In chain, which had ceased operations in the due to economic pressures and shifting dining trends. The first new location opened at 2165 Lombard Street in , deliberately recreating the retro aesthetic of the and originals, including neon signage, chrome accents, and booth seating to evoke post-World War II Americana. To build initial publicity, the partners contacted columnist , whose endorsement helped draw crowds nostalgic for the chain's heyday and its portrayal in the 1973 film . The reopening emphasized fidelity to the founding menu—burgers, fries, milkshakes, and breakfast items served in a casual, environment—while adapting to contemporary regulations that limited traditional service at urban sites. By the late , the venture expanded modestly within the , capitalizing on regional demand for diner-style eateries amid a broader cultural resurgence of nostalgia. This next-generation iteration operated as a distinct entity from the defunct original chain, focusing on sustainable operations rather than the high-volume, multi-state model of the postwar era.

Family Dispute and Branching Chains (1990s–Present)

In the late 1980s, tensions within the Weiss family culminated in a rift between founder Mel Weiss and his son Steven Weiss, who had revived the Mel's Drive-In brand in 1985 without involving his father. Steven Weiss, partnering with Donald Wagstaff, reopened the first next-generation location at 2165 Lombard Street in , focusing on the original drive-in concept with service and 1950s aesthetics. Excluded from this effort, Mel Weiss independently launched the Original Mel's chain, retaining family recipes and the nostalgic diner format but operating as a separate entity to compete directly in the Bay Area market. The dispute formalized the branching into two distinct chains, each claiming fidelity to the original Mel's legacy while pursuing independent expansions. Original Mel's emphasized and locations, such as those in San Leandro and Sacramento, alongside a site in , maintaining a of burgers, fries, and milkshakes served in booth-style diners. By contrast, Steven Weiss's Mel's Drive-In prioritized and outposts, including sites on Geary Boulevard and in Sherman Oaks, with some retaining limited features. This split persisted without legal resolution publicly documented, though both chains avoided conflicts by differentiating names. In 1994, Mel Weiss sold Original Mel's to investor Larry Spergel and a group of approximately 50 stockholders, transitioning the chain from family control to corporate ownership focused on and regional growth. Under this new structure, Original Mel's expanded to over a dozen locations by the 2010s, primarily in cities like Vacaville, Placerville, and , as well as in , , emphasizing all-day breakfast and family dining without drive-in elements at most sites. Meanwhile, Mel's Drive-In remained under Steven Weiss's stewardship, later joined by his sons Colton and Chasen Weiss, preserving third-generation family involvement. As of 2025, the chain operates eight locations, including four in (Lombard Street, Geary Boulevard, 4th & Mission, and Kitchen), three in (Hollywood, Sherman Oaks, Santa Monica, and West Hollywood), and its first expansion outside at 152 2nd Avenue North in , opened in mid-2025 with adapted Southern menu items like alongside classics. This location marks an effort to nationalize the brand while upholding the 1947 founding principles of accessible, nostalgic American fare.

Business Model and Operations

Mel's Drive-In offered a menu centered on classic American fare, including hamburgers such as the signature Melburger, , milkshakes, fountain sodas, hot dogs, and breakfast options like eggs, pancakes, and . The offerings emphasized affordable, quick-preparation items suited to high-volume service, with desserts and beverage specials rounding out the selection. Service combined drive-in carhop delivery with indoor dining facilities. Carhops took orders from parked customers and served food on trays hooked to car windows, accommodating up to 110 vehicles at the original 1947 location on South Van Ness Avenue. Indoor seating included and a counter for walk-in patrons, blending convenience with the era's car-centric culture. Key innovations included pioneering the full-service drive-in restaurant model in the United States, leveraging California's for year-round carhop operations starting in 1947. This approach enabled efficient, scalable service that generated $4 million in annual revenue by the mid-1950s across expanding locations, setting a template for postwar fast-casual dining.

Current Locations and Expansion Efforts

As of October 2025, the primary Mel's Drive-In chain operates nine locations, with eight in and one in . In , four restaurants are situated in , including sites on Street and at 4th & , while four others are in the Los Angeles area at Sherman Oaks, , West Hollywood, and Santa Monica. The chain also maintains a variant branded as Mel's Kitchen in . In August 2025, Mel's Drive-In opened its first location outside at 152 2nd Ave N in , occupying a 10,000-square-foot space formerly home to B.B. King's Club. This 78-year-old brand's entry into represents initial steps toward national growth, with development plans formulated over several years. Further expansion is pursued through a franchising model, as indicated on the chain's official website, aiming to replicate its diner-style operations beyond its traditional base. Due to historical family disputes and the 1991 of Original Mels Inc., separate entities have occasionally operated under similar names, but the current chain under founder descendant Steven Weiss holds the core and operational continuity. Licensed outlets, such as at , exist independently but do not contribute to the core chain's owned locations.

Controversies and Criticisms

1963 Hiring Practices Protest

In October 1963, the Committee to End Discrimination, comprising activists from the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs, students, State College students, and the , along with the Direct Action Group led by Art Sheridan, launched protests against Mel's Drive-In for its discriminatory hiring practices. The chain, which had expanded to 13 locations by then, restricted African American employees to non-customer-facing roles such as cooks, dishwashers, and janitors, while excluding them from visible positions like carhops and waitstaff. Protests began with picketing at multiple Mel's locations in and starting in early October 1963, featuring signs reading "Where are the waitresses?" and parodies like "Drive Out" instead of "Drive-In." These escalated into sit-ins, with a major action on November 3, 1963, at the Geary Boulevard outlet (3355 Geary at Beaumont Avenue), where demonstrators occupied booths and refused service until policy changes. arrests followed, totaling 64 on November 3 and 48 on November 4, contributing to over 100 arrests overall during the campaign. The protests targeted co-owner Harold Dobbs, Mel's partner and San Francisco's acting mayor at the time, whose political ambitions were disrupted amid the demonstrations; co-owner Mel Weiss also faced direct negotiations. Picketing paused briefly during the mayoral election but resumed, pressuring the chain through coordinated actions across Bay Area sites. On November 8, 1963, Mel's management reached an agreement with protesters, committing to nondiscriminatory hiring practices, establishment of a training school for African American employees, and immediate placement of Black workers in public-facing roles, including carhops and bartenders. This resolution marked the first major mass of the Bay Area , setting a for subsequent local actions against .

Other Business Challenges and Responses

In 1991, Original Mels Inc., the operator of a revived chain with six locations in cities including Sacramento, , , , Stockton, and Modesto, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in federal . The filing aimed to block control by the largest creditor, Newport Beach investor Howard Ulene, amid the company's negative exceeding $1 million and delinquency on payments to him. Company president Mike Weiss asserted that the restaurants remained profitable with sufficient cash flow to reorganize and pay creditors, while Ulene's representatives contested claims of mismanagement and sought appointment of a . The chain has also encountered labor-related class-action lawsuits alleging wage and hour violations under California law. In Rainville v. Mel's Drive-In (Los Angeles Superior Court, Case No. BC385194, filed circa 2008), plaintiff Austin Rainville claimed the company failed to comply with wage payment requirements for non-exempt employees such as servers, cooks, and cashiers dating back to February 8, 2004. The suit represented affected California workers, resulting in over 400 claim forms by September 2012 (covering about 40% of relevant workweeks); a settlement received final court approval from Judge Elihu Berle on November 29, 2012, with claims administered by Simpluris, Inc. A separate , Mario Romero v. San Francisco C&C/Mel's Drive In, addressed similar employment claims against a Mel's operator, with a final fairness hearing held on June 14, 2023, following an exclusion deadline of April 28, 2023. These cases highlight ongoing compliance pressures in the restaurant sector, where settlements often resolve disputes without admission of liability, allowing continued operations.

Cultural and Economic Impact

Role in American Diner Culture

Mel's Drive-In, established in 1947 by Mel Weiss and Harold Dobbs in , exemplified the post-World War II fusion of diner cuisine with automobile-centric service, accommodating up to 110 cars at its inaugural location on South Van Ness Avenue and pioneering large-scale drive-in operations in the region. This model catered to the burgeoning car culture of the era, where families and teenagers gathered around chrome-trimmed buildings under signage for quick, affordable meals like hamburgers, , and thick milkshakes delivered by carhops—often on —directly to vehicles. By emphasizing efficiency and accessibility, Mel's contributed to the diner's evolution from urban lunch counters into suburban social hubs, serving as many as 3,000 meals daily during the and at peak locations. The chain's interior design—featuring Formica tabletops, vinyl booths, and jukebox selectors—reinforced the diner's role as a casual, egalitarian space fostering community interactions amid the economic prosperity of mid-century America. Unlike emerging fast-food prototypes focused solely on speed, Mel's retained traditional diner elements such as counter stools for solo patrons and family seating for extended stays, blending nostalgia with the novelty of curbside delivery to sustain the 24-hour availability that defined diners as refuges for night-shift workers, road travelers, and youth cruising boulevards. This hybrid approach influenced subsequent eateries by demonstrating how drive-ins could scale diner hospitality without sacrificing the tactile, interpersonal service that distinguished them from impersonal assembly lines, thereby embedding Mel's in the cultural fabric of roadside Americana. In preserving this through expansions and revivals, Mel's has sustained diner culture's emphasis on unpretentious, hearty amid shifting trends, resisting the homogenization of national chains by maintaining architectural fidelity to Googie-style aesthetics and menu staples that evoke optimism. Locations continue to draw patrons seeking authentic experiences, underscoring the 's enduring appeal as a counterpoint to contemporary or app-based delivery, where physical presence and immediate gratification once symbolized mobility and leisure.

Appearances in Film and Media

Mel's Drive-In gained widespread cultural recognition through its prominent role in the 1973 film , directed by . The original location at 140 South Van Ness Avenue served as a key filming site, portraying a vibrant 1962-era teen hangout where characters congregate amid neon-lit signage, carhop service, and classic diner fare. This site, which originally accommodated up to 110 cars when opened in 1947, had been closed prior to production but was temporarily reopened in 1972 specifically for the movie's needs before its demolition in 1976. The film's depiction emphasized Mel's as a symbol of mid-20th-century American , with scenes showcasing cars, tunes, and social interactions that captured the era's drive-in ethos. This exposure elevated the chain's profile, transforming it into an enduring emblem of nostalgic aesthetics, though the portrayed vitality contrasted with the location's operational decline by the early 1970s. Beyond , a Mel's Drive-In location appeared in the 2011 film , where the exterior and sign of the Hollywood branch on North Highland Avenue featured in a scene with character dining alone. The chain has also influenced media representations of retro diners, serving as visual inspiration for sets in television series like Happy Days and , which drew on its 1950s-style ambiance without direct filming at Mel's sites.

Achievements and Enduring Legacy

Mel's Drive-In achieved pioneering status in the by opening the first drive-in in on December 14, 1947, at 140 South Van Ness Avenue, designed to accommodate 110 cars and emphasizing service. The chain expanded rapidly, reaching a peak of over 35 restaurants by the , establishing a model of 24-hour operations, fresh-made menu items, and nostalgic aesthetics that influenced subsequent formats. This growth underscored its commercial success, with the brand maintaining core locations through multiple ownership changes following a 1972 sale. A pivotal achievement came from its prominent role in the 1973 film , directed by , which propelled Mel's to national icon status and revived interest in classic drive-in dining, leading to renewed expansions and franchise opportunities. In recognition of its historical significance, the Santa Monica location, situated at the western terminus of Route 66, received a Award from the Santa Monica Conservancy in 2019 for restoring and preserving mid-century diner architecture. The chain marked its 75th anniversary in 2022 with promotions offering 75% discounts on signature items like Melburgers and milkshakes across its and outlets, highlighting sustained operational resilience. The enduring legacy of Mel's Drive-In lies in its embodiment of post-World War II American car culture and roadside eateries, serving as a cultural touchstone for and simplicity in fast-casual dining amid modern franchise dominance. Despite branching into separate chains after family disputes, the brand persists with multiple active sites, including recent expansions like the 2025 opening in , preserving traditions such as booth seating, jukebox ambiance, and all-day breakfast while adapting to contemporary demands. This longevity—spanning 78 years as of 2025—affirms its role in sustaining heritage against shifting culinary trends, evidenced by ongoing media appearances and merchandise sales that capitalize on its cinematic fame.

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