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Miniature wargame

A miniature wargame is a form of tabletop gaming in which players simulate military conflicts by maneuvering small-scale physical models, such as figurines representing soldiers, vehicles, and units, across a constructed terrain on a table or board, guided by rulebooks that incorporate elements of strategy, probability (often via dice), and historical or fictional scenarios.^[1]^[2] The origins of miniature wargaming trace back to 18th-century European military simulations, with Johann Christian Ludwig Hellwig's 1780 chess-based game introducing terrain effects and unit movement on a grid, evolving into the Prussian Kriegsspiel developed by Georg Leopold von Reisswitz in 1812, which used topographic maps, blocks, and dice for tactical training and was adopted army-wide by 1824.^[3]^[2] This military foundation shifted toward recreational play in the early 20th century, when British author H.G. Wells published Little Wars in 1913, providing the first dedicated ruleset for hobbyists using affordable toy soldiers and spring-loaded cannons to enact battles on living room floors.^[1]^[3] By the mid-20th century, the hobby expanded in the United States through pioneers like Jack Scruby, who organized the first miniature wargaming convention in the late 1950s and co-founded The War Game Digest in 1957 to share rules and techniques, fostering organized communities such as the Historical Miniatures Gaming Society (founded 1986).^[1] Modern miniature wargaming encompasses diverse genres, including historical recreations (e.g., Napoleonic or World War II eras), fantasy (e.g., influenced by Dungeons & Dragons since 1974), and science fiction (e.g., Games Workshop's Warhammer series launched in 1983), with participants often engaging in ancillary activities like assembling, painting, and customizing miniatures using tools such as brushes, paints, and 3D printers. In recent years, the hobby has grown with digital integrations like online platforms and streaming events.^[2] The pastime supports global communities, with Games Workshop reporting £494.7 million in annual sales for the fiscal year 2024, reflecting its cultural and economic impact.

Introduction

Definition and Principles

Miniature wargaming is a form of tabletop wargaming in which players enact simulated military conflicts using scaled-down physical models, known as miniatures, to represent soldiers, vehicles, and other units on a tabletop battlefield. These games emphasize tactical decision-making and strategic planning, allowing participants to recreate historical battles or explore fictional scenarios, such as ancient warfare or science fiction invasions. The core appeal lies in the hands-on manipulation of these models to maneuver forces, resolve combats, and achieve mission goals, blending elements of simulation, competition, and creativity.^[4] At its heart, miniature wargaming operates on several foundational principles that structure gameplay. Matches are typically turn-based, with players alternating sequential phases to command their forces, ensuring orderly resolution of actions like movement and firing. Randomness is introduced through dice rolls, which simulate the unpredictability of battle outcomes, such as hit probabilities or morale checks, while measurements—often using rulers or tape measures—govern unit movement distances and weapon ranges to maintain spatial realism on the playing area. Victory conditions are generally objective-based, requiring players to fulfill specific aims like seizing terrain features, breaking enemy lines, or surviving attrition, rather than solely annihilating opponents.^[5]^[6] This form of wargaming distinguishes itself from board wargames, which employ abstract cardboard counters on predefined maps, by relying on tangible three-dimensional miniatures that enable free-form positioning and visual immersion. In contrast to video games, miniature wargaming fosters direct social interaction among players around a shared physical space, with tactile elements like assembling and painting models enhancing the recreational experience over automated digital processes.^[7]^[8] To begin a game, participants typically need at least two players to oppose each other, a collection of assembled and often painted miniatures representing their armies, a dedicated ruleset outlining mechanics for the chosen era or genre, and a flat playing surface such as a tabletop measuring around 4x6 feet to accommodate the battlefield layout. Miniatures are available in various scales to suit different representation needs, ensuring proportional depiction of units relative to the terrain.^[4]^[9]^[10]

Scope and Variations

Miniature wargaming spans a diverse array of themes and formats, primarily categorized into historical, fantasy, and science fiction genres. Historical variations focus on recreating real-world conflicts, ranging from ancient warfare like Roman legions to modern engagements such as World War II battles, emphasizing tactical authenticity derived from period-specific sources. Fantasy themes introduce mythical elements, such as elves battling orcs in medieval-inspired worlds, while science fiction settings feature futuristic scenarios like interstellar conflicts involving space marines and alien forces. These thematic variations allow players to explore both factual military history and imaginative narratives, adapting core mechanics to suit the chosen genre.^[11]^[12]^[13] In terms of scale and format, miniature wargames distinguish between skirmish-style engagements and large-scale battles. Skirmish games involve small units of 10–50 miniatures, emphasizing individual actions and close-quarters tactics, as seen in systems simulating guerrilla warfare or small-team operations; as of 2025, this format is experiencing significant growth with new releases in games like Battletech and Infinity. Large-scale battles, by contrast, deploy hundreds of figures to represent full armies, capturing grand strategies like Napoleonic maneuvers or epic sieges, often requiring extensive terrain setups. Hybrid forms further expand the scope, integrating role-playing elements where players develop character backstories and progression alongside combat, or adapting rules for solo play through randomized event tables and AI opponents to simulate enemy decisions.^[14]^[15]^[11]^[16] The hobby has evolved from origins in military simulations, initially designed for training with rigid rules mirroring real tactics, to more narrative-driven experiences incorporating campaigns, persistent worlds, and character advancement. Early systems prioritized objective analysis of battlefield outcomes, but contemporary variations blend simulation with storytelling, enabling ongoing sagas that track unit experiences across multiple sessions.^[13]^[16] Globally, miniature wargaming enjoys strong roots in Europe, particularly the United Kingdom, where it originated as a popular hobby influenced by early 20th-century innovations, fostering numerous clubs and publications. In North America, it thrives through large conventions and organized societies like the Historical Miniatures Gaming Society (founded 1986), which had over 2,000 members as of its historical records and hosts annual events. Emerging scenes in Asia reflect growing interest, driven by the expanding tabletop gaming market and adaptations of international systems.^[12]^[11]^[17]

Components

Miniatures and Models

Miniatures in miniature wargaming serve as the physical representations of troops, vehicles, and other units, typically produced in small scales to facilitate tabletop battles. They are commonly crafted from materials such as metal, plastic, or resin, each offering distinct advantages in durability, detail, and ease of production. Metal miniatures, often cast from pewter or white metal alloys, provide robustness and a satisfying heft, making them suitable for historical games where sturdiness during handling is key.^[18] Plastic miniatures, produced via injection molding, allow for multi-part kits that enable customization and are lighter in weight, ideal for assembling large armies efficiently. Resin models, cast from liquid polyurethane, excel in capturing fine details like intricate armor or facial expressions, though they can be more brittle and require careful handling.^[19] Miniatures can be proprietary, designed specifically for branded games such as Warhammer from Games Workshop, which feature unique fantasy or sci-fi sculpts tied to the game's lore and rules, or generic, produced by third-party manufacturers for broader compatibility across systems, including historical figures from companies like Warlord Games or Perry Miniatures. Production methods vary: traditional casting in molds is standard for metal and resin, while plastic relies on high-volume injection molding for consistency. Increasingly, 3D printing enables custom models, allowing players or small producers to create bespoke figures using resin printers, with scale compatibility ensured—such as 28mm for standard infantry—to match existing collections. Recent advancements include full-color 3D printing and eco-friendly resins, enhancing customization as of 2025.^[20]^[18]^[21] Players often engage deeply in customizing their miniatures, starting with assembly from kits that involve clipping parts from sprues, cleaning mold lines, and gluing components using plastic cement for polystyrene models or cyanoacrylate (super glue) for metal and resin. Painting follows a layered approach: after priming with spray or brush-on undercoats, base coats apply solid colors to major areas; washes add depth by flowing into recesses for shading; and drybrushing highlights raised surfaces by lightly dragging a brush loaded with paint over the model. Basing completes the process, where miniatures are affixed to slotted or flat bases with glue, then textured with materials like sand, gravel, or static grass for stability and thematic representation.^[22]^[23] Economically, acquiring miniatures represents a significant investment, with starter sets for armies typically ranging from $50 to $150, depending on the game and manufacturer. For instance, Games Workshop's Warhammer 40,000 starter sets, including dozens of plastic miniatures, are priced around $70 to $115 (as of November 2025), while historical options from Warlord Games, such as Bolt Action army starters with 20-30 metal and plastic figures, cost approximately $100-160 (as of November 2025). Sourcing occurs through official manufacturers like Games Workshop for proprietary lines or specialists like Gripping Beast for generic historical ranges, with 3D printing reducing costs for custom pieces to under $10 per model in small batches.^[24]^[25]

Terrain and Battlefield Setup

In miniature wargaming, terrain forms the physical environment of the battlefield, constructed from a variety of accessible materials to create realistic or thematic landscapes. Common building materials include extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) for sculpting hills and irregular shapes due to its lightweight and easy-to-cut properties, foam-core board for flat bases and structures offering a balance of rigidity and affordability, and cardboard or MDF (medium-density fiberboard) for foundational supports that can be layered and textured with paints, sand, or flock for ground cover.^[26] Commercial terrain pieces, such as pre-molded plastic or resin hills, buildings, and rivers from manufacturers like Games Workshop or Dwarven Forge, provide durable, ready-to-use elements that replicate natural features like elevated ridges or urban ruins, often designed to interlock for seamless integration.^[27] Battlefield setup typically begins with establishing the playing surface, where a standard table size of 6 feet by 4 feet accommodates most standard-scale games, allowing sufficient space for deployment and maneuver while fitting common gaming spaces. Deployment zones are marked at opposite ends, usually 12 inches from the table edge, with players or a neutral organizer placing terrain features to ensure balance—often alternating turns to position 8-12 major pieces, such as 2-3 line-of-sight blockers in the central area and cover-providing elements in each player's zone. Scenario-specific layouts vary: urban environments might feature clustered buildings and barricades for close-quarters combat, while open-field setups emphasize scattered hills and rivers to simulate expansive battlegrounds, with rivers often formed from flexible blue fabric or molded sections spanning 2-4 feet to create crossing challenges.^[28]^[10] Terrain holds significant tactical importance by altering movement, visibility, and protection, thereby shaping strategic decisions throughout the game. Features like buildings and dense woods block line-of-sight, preventing long-range attacks and encouraging flanking maneuvers, while hills and barricades provide elevated positions or partial cover, granting defensive bonuses such as improved saving throws against incoming fire. Objective placement, often positioned in open midfield areas amid terrain clusters, forces players to balance aggressive advances with the risks of exposure, turning the battlefield into a dynamic puzzle where terrain dictates routes, ambushes, and control points.^[28]^[29] Customization enhances replayability, with players opting for either player-built terrain using household materials like foam and cardboard for personalized themes or pre-made kits from companies such as Dwarven Forge for quick assembly. Modular systems, exemplified by hex tiles from producers like Kallistra or TerraTiles, allow interchangeable pieces—such as interlocking hills or river sections—that can be rearranged for varied scenarios, promoting endless configurations without rebuilding from scratch.^[30]^[31]

Scales and Representation

Physical Model Scales

In miniature wargaming, physical model scales refer to the standardized sizes of miniatures and terrain pieces, typically expressed in millimeters (mm) from the base or feet to the eyes or top of the head, which approximate real-world proportions through ratio reductions.^[32] These scales allow players to represent armies and battlefields on tabletops, balancing visual detail, handling ease, and the number of units that can fit in a playable space. Common measurements focus on eye level for infantry figures to ensure consistent proportions across manufacturers, though some use total height including helmets or hats.^[33] The most prevalent scales include 28mm, often used in heroic style for fantasy and skirmish games, approximating a 1:56 ratio where a 28mm figure represents a human about 1.8 meters (6 feet) tall.^[20] In this heroic approach, proportions are slightly exaggerated for better visibility and painting, rather than strict realism. Smaller scales like 15mm (approximately 1:100) suit mass-battle scenarios, enabling hundreds of troops on a standard 4x6 foot table, while 6mm (1:285 to 1:300) supports epic-scale engagements with vast armies, such as Napoleonic or World War II simulations.^[33] For example, in a 1:72 scale—common in some aviation or vehicle models—a 1-inch long miniature aircraft corresponds to a real-world length of 72 inches (6 feet), illustrating how ratios dictate detail feasibility and spatial requirements on the gaming surface.^[34] Mixing scales within a single game can pose compatibility challenges, as discrepancies in size disrupt visual harmony and tactical representation; for instance, pairing 28mm infantry with 15mm vehicles may require custom conversions like resizing or proxy models to maintain proportionality.^[32] Players often address this through modular basing or third-party adapters, but it demands careful planning to avoid gameplay imbalances. Recent trends show a move toward larger 32mm scales (around 1:50 to 1:54), particularly in modern sci-fi and fantasy titles, as they facilitate easier handling, more intricate sculpting, and enhanced painting experiences without sacrificing too much table space.^[35] This shift enhances the imposing presence of models in skirmish play while influencing brief applications in diverse model types and battlefield setups.^[33]

Abstract Scaling and Time

In miniature wargaming, unit abstraction simplifies the representation of military forces by having individual models or bases stand for larger groups of soldiers, typically ranging from 10 to 100 real individuals per miniature or stand, depending on the game's scale and ruleset.^[36] This approach allows players to manage battalion- or regiment-sized engagements on a tabletop without tracking every soldier, with basing standards often grouping 3 to 5 figures per stand to visually denote a subunit like a squad or platoon.^[37] Morale and command mechanics further enhance this abstraction; for instance, a stand's removal might represent not literal casualties but the breaking of unit cohesion, while command radius rules limit activations to simulate leadership bottlenecks over abstracted formations.^[37] Time scaling in these games compresses real-world durations into turns that represent anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, enabling playable simulations of battles that could last days. In skirmish-oriented systems, a single turn often equates to 15 minutes of real time, allowing for tactical maneuvers like charges or repositioning without excessive complexity.^[38] This temporal abstraction directly influences movement rates, where distances traversed on the table (measured in inches) are calibrated to approximate realistic speeds adjusted for the game's ground scale, ensuring that faster units like cavalry outpace infantry proportionally across turns.^[39] A foundational formula for deriving movement rates incorporates the ground scale factor, real-world speed, and turn duration: movement distance (in table inches) = (real speed in distance per unit time × time per turn) / ground scale distance per inch. For example, with infantry marching at 3 miles per hour (approximately 88 yards per minute), a 15-minute turn, and a ground scale of 1 inch equaling 100 yards, the calculation yields about 13 inches per turn, though many rulesets adjust this downward to 6 inches for balance and playability on standard 4x6-foot tables.^[39] Such equations prioritize simulation fidelity while accommodating practical constraints like table size. Abstraction also balances strategic elements like the fog of war, supply lines, and command over large armies by aggregating details into probabilistic or activation-based mechanics, avoiding the micromanagement of individual soldiers. Fog of war is often modeled through hidden deployments or limited reconnaissance ranges, where players reveal units only upon contact, mimicking incomplete battlefield intelligence without requiring complex tracking.^[40] Supply lines might be abstracted as periodic checks on unit proximity to bases or depots, with attrition applied via dice rolls rather than granular logistics, enabling games with thousands of abstracted troops to resolve in hours.^[40] This framework maintains tactical depth for corps-level scenarios, where morale tests propagate across stands to represent cascading failures in command structure, thus handling scale without overwhelming players.^[36]

Gameplay Mechanics

Core Rules and Systems

Miniature wargames typically structure gameplay around alternating turns between players, allowing each to activate their forces in a controlled sequence to simulate tactical decision-making. A common turn sequence includes phases for initiative determination, where players roll dice or use cards to decide order of activation; movement, during which units reposition across the battlefield; shooting or ranged combat; melee or close combat; and morale checks to assess unit cohesion under stress. Some systems incorporate simultaneous activation, where both players reveal orders or actions concurrently to reduce downtime and introduce uncertainty. This phased approach ensures orderly resolution while accommodating simultaneous elements for realism. Core combat resolutions rely heavily on probabilistic mechanics, most often using polyhedral dice such as the six-sided die (d6) to determine outcomes modified by unit statistics. For instance, in shooting or melee, players roll to hit based on a target's visibility and the attacker's skill, succeeding on a threshold like 4+ (meaning rolls of 4, 5, or 6 succeed), followed by wound rolls comparing attacker strength to defender toughness, and finally saving throws where armor or cover allows survival on another threshold, such as 5+. Line-of-sight (LOS) is determined by drawing an imaginary line from the attacking model's eye level to the target's base or center, accounting for terrain obstructions, while ranges are measured using tape measures or rulers in inches or centimeters to enforce weapon limitations. These steps create layered risk, balancing luck with strategic positioning.^[41] Army construction in these games frequently uses a points-based system to ensure balanced forces, where each unit or model is assigned a point value reflecting its combat effectiveness, equipment, and role, with players building lists up to a predefined limit. Victory often hinges on objective scoring, such as capturing terrain features or eliminating enemy leaders, rather than total annihilation, alongside random events like weather changes or reinforcements introduced via dice rolls or card draws to add unpredictability. This framework promotes deliberate list-building and scenario variety.^[42] Universal tools and practices enhance play across systems, including flexible rulers or laser measures for precise distance gauging and LOS checks, and pre-cut templates (e.g., circular or teardrop shapes) for area-effect attacks like artillery blasts that affect multiple models within a radius. Players commonly adopt house rules—custom modifications agreed upon pre-game—to address balance issues, such as adjusting dice modifiers for specific terrains or simplifying morale tests, fostering community-driven evolution without altering core mechanics.^[43]

Genre-Specific Adaptations

In historical miniature wargames, particularly those simulating Napoleonic-era battles, rules emphasize realism through detailed formations such as line infantry arrangements that affect firing arcs, melee bonuses, and vulnerability to cavalry charges.^[44] Weather effects are incorporated via charts that modify visibility, movement rates, and combat effectiveness, such as reducing artillery range in fog or rain.^[44] Historical orders of battle are recreated using structured command systems where players assign objectives and directives to formations, ensuring tactical decisions reflect period-specific hierarchies and logistics.^[45] Fantasy and science fiction genres adapt core mechanics to incorporate supernatural and technological elements, such as dedicated magic or psionic phases where wizards roll dice against casting values to summon effects like fireballs or mind control.^[46] Vehicle statistics feature save characteristics and toughness values, often with facings or damage allocation determining survival against weapons of varying strength.^[41] Asymmetric units like monsters introduce imbalance through high toughness and special abilities, such as area attacks or regeneration, contrasting with standard infantry squads.^[47] Naval wargames modify movement to account for fleet maneuvers, where ships issue orders for positioning and firing broadsides, often using wind direction to influence turning radii and speed.^[48] Submarine rules add depth layers—shallow, mid, and deep—altering detection risks and torpedo trajectories, with deeper positions evading surface threats but limiting sensor range.^[49] Air variants extend this to three-dimensional space via altitude bands, dividing the battlefield into operational bands with tactical levels for climbing, diving, and maneuvering, impacting speed and firing opportunities.^[50] Ground interactions are simplified, treating land as static objectives like ports rather than full battles.^[48] Role-playing crossovers blend wargaming with RPG systems by assigning individual hero statistics—such as strength, dexterity, and special abilities—to miniatures, allowing for personal progression across battles.^[51] Narrative branching emerges through scenario outcomes that influence ongoing campaigns, like victory unlocking new quests or alliances.^[52] Integration with systems like Dungeons & Dragons uses stat cards for heroes and monsters in skirmish play, merging tactical combat with character-driven storytelling.^[53]

Historical Development

Precursors and Early Forms

The roots of miniature wargaming trace back to ancient strategy games that emphasized tactical decision-making and military simulation, laying foundational concepts for later developments in physical representations of conflict. In the Roman Empire, ludus latrunculorum, a two-player board game dating to at least the 1st century BCE, served as an early precursor by simulating battlefield maneuvers through pieces representing soldiers on a grid-like board, akin to capturing enemy forces in a tactical engagement.^[54] This game, often described as a blend of checkers and chess, promoted strategic positioning and encirclement, influencing subsequent European board-based war simulations. Similarly, the ancient Chinese game weiqi (also known as Go), originating around 2500 BCE, fostered tactical thinking through territorial control and surrounding opponents, principles that paralleled military strategy and later informed wargaming's emphasis on spatial dominance.^[55] During the medieval period, chess variants evolved from the Indian chaturanga (circa 6th century CE), which represented the four divisions of an ancient army—infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots—on a board, serving as a tool for elite military training and strategic education among nobility.^[56] These games used small carved figures as miniatures, as evidenced by the 12th-century Lewis Chessmen, walrus ivory pieces depicting warriors and abstract military symbols.^[57] In non-European traditions, such as the Ottoman Empire, elite training incorporated tactical simulations inspired by shatranj (a chess variant derived from chaturanga), where miniature figures on boards modeled battle formations for military instruction, though these remained primarily abstract rather than fully scenic. Indian chaturanga similarly functioned as a pre-modern elite pastime, with pieces symbolizing army units to rehearse maneuvers, contributing to a broader cultural emphasis on strategic play in warfare preparation.^[58] The transition to more structured forms occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries with the Prussian Kriegsspiel, developed in 1812 by Georg Leopold von Reisswitz as a military training tool using wooden blocks on topographic maps to replicate real-time battlefield decisions, including terrain effects and unit interactions.^[59] This system evolved from earlier block-based simulations and was refined by 1824 into a comprehensive ruleset adopted across European armies for officer education, marking the shift from abstract boards to representational pieces that foreshadowed hobbyist adaptations. By the mid-19th century, mass-produced tin soldiers in Europe—flat lead figures scaled to 30-40mm—became popular among civilians, enabling informal wargaming setups that mirrored military exercises but for recreational purposes.^[60] A pivotal moment for recreational miniature wargaming arrived with H.G. Wells's Little Wars in 1913, the first published ruleset dedicated to toy soldiers, incorporating spring-loaded cannons to fire small projectiles at 54mm metal figures arranged on tabletop terrains to simulate infantry, cavalry, and artillery engagements.^[61] Wells's work democratized Kriegsspiel's principles for hobbyists, emphasizing simple mechanics for movement and combat while highlighting the joys of narrative-driven battles, thus bridging military simulation to civilian play. This early form influenced subsequent scales and setups, setting the stage for 20th-century expansions.

20th Century Origins and Growth

Following World War II, miniature wargaming emerged as an organized civilian hobby, distinct from military training exercises, with the publication of Donald Featherstone's seminal book War Games in 1962. This work introduced accessible rulesets for historical battles, including ancient, American Civil War, and World War II scenarios, drawing on contributions from figures like Tony Bath and Lionel Tarr, and it popularized the hobby among enthusiasts in the UK and beyond by emphasizing terrain setup and tactical maneuvers with model soldiers.^[62] Featherstone's efforts extended through his Wargamers Newsletter, launched the same year, which fostered community discussion and rule-sharing among amateur players.^[62] The formation of dedicated clubs further solidified the hobby's growth in the UK and US during the 1960s. In 1965, Tony Bath founded the Society of Ancients, an international organization promoting ancient and medieval military history through wargaming, events, and its journal Slingshot, which became a key venue for rule innovations and historical research.^[63] Similar groups emerged in the US, such as early chapters of the Historical Miniature Gaming Society (HMGS) precursors, encouraging organized play and conventions. The rise of specialized manufacturers, like Miniature Figurines (Minifigs), established in 1964 by Neville Dickinson, provided affordable metal miniatures in 25mm scale for various historical periods, enabling broader participation.^[64] Key milestones in the 1960s and 1970s included the development of historically accurate rulesets by the Wargames Research Group (WRG), founded in 1968 by Phil Barker, Ed Smith, and Bob O'Brien to address inconsistencies in existing ancient warfare simulations. WRG's first ancient rules appeared in 1969, followed by editions for horse-and-musket eras (1971) and modern conflicts like Infantry Action 1925–1975 (1972) and Armour and Infantry 1950–1975 (1974), which incorporated evidence-based mechanics such as standardized basing and command systems to enhance realism.^[65] These rules influenced competitive play and inspired global adaptations, emphasizing tactical depth over simplicity. The Cold War era fueled interest in modern simulations, particularly tank battles and air support integrations, as WRG's 1970s rulesets extended to post-1950 scenarios simulating armored warfare between NATO and Warsaw Pact forces. Amateur publications, including Featherstone's newsletter and Slingshot, facilitated the sharing of custom rules and scenarios among hobbyists. Toward the late 20th century, a shift toward plastic miniatures gained traction for affordability; companies like Games Workshop introduced injection-molded plastics in the 1980s, reducing costs compared to traditional metal casts and broadening access for historical and emerging fantasy wargaming.^[65]

Contemporary Commercialization and Trends

The commercialization of miniature wargaming in the 21st century has been driven by major publishers expanding into professional production and global distribution, with Games Workshop leading through its Warhammer franchise, first released in 1983 and evolving into Warhammer 40,000 in 1987, which reached commercial peaks with editions like the 10th in 2023 that boosted revenues to record levels via integrated model kits, rulebooks, and licensing.^[66] Warlord Games contributed to this rise with Bolt Action, a World War II-themed tabletop game launched in 2012, emphasizing platoon-scale battles and accessible rules through partnerships like Osprey Publishing.^[67] Crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter fueled further growth, exemplified by Corvus Belli's Infinity sci-fi skirmish game, which debuted in 2005 and later expanded via successful campaigns such as Infinity Defiance in 2019, raising over €1 million and highlighting the shift toward community-funded innovations in miniature design.^[68]^[69] By 2025, key trends include the widespread accessibility of 3D printing, enabling hobbyists to produce custom miniatures at home with affordable resin printers like those from Elegoo, reducing reliance on mass-produced figures and democratizing customization for games like Warhammer.^[70] Digital tools have also proliferated, with app-based army builders such as Battlescribe and official companions for systems like Kings of War streamlining list creation and rule lookups on mobile devices.^[71] Inclusivity efforts gained momentum through initiatives like the Great Wargaming Survey 2025, conducted by Karwansaray Publishers, which analyzed demographics and advocated for diverse representation in game themes and marketing.^[72] Major events underscore these developments, with Historicon 2025 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania—ongoing since 1981—drawing thousands of attendees for historical-focused games, featuring numerous sessions on eras from ancients to World War II and awarding prizes for innovative terrain.^[73] New releases from publishers like Mantic Games planned the Kings of War 4th Edition for December 2025, introducing updated skirmish rules and Northern Alliance miniatures, while Perry Miniatures unveiled French Revolutionary War figures in March and Spanish Napoleonic infantry in April, emphasizing high-detail 28mm scales for historical reenactments.^[74]^[75]^[76] Challenges persist amid this growth, including intellectual property disputes over proprietary models, as seen in Games Workshop's aggressive enforcement against unauthorized 3D scans, leading to legal actions that limit fan reproductions.^[77] The industry has shifted toward skirmish formats for accessibility, with 2025 marking a surge in small-scale games like Kill Team and Infinity editions that require fewer miniatures, countering rising costs from tariffs and material inflation—such as Games Workshop's 4-10% price hikes on kits starting October 2025.^[78]^[79]^[80]

Community and Culture

Organizations and Events

The Historical Miniature Gaming Society (HMGS), founded in 1984, is a prominent nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the study of military history through tabletop miniature wargaming, including sponsoring conventions, demonstrations, and educational resources.^[81] HMGS operates as a 501(c)(3) educational entity, fostering scholarship and community engagement via chapters across the United States and events like Historicon.^[82] Online platforms such as BoardGameGeek provide vital forums for the miniature wargaming community, hosting active discussions, game reviews, and subgroups focused on wargames with millions of threads and replies facilitating global networking.^[83] Major events include Gen Con, established in 1968 as the Lake Geneva Wargames Convention, which continues to feature dedicated wargaming tracks alongside broader gaming activities, drawing tens of thousands of attendees annually.^[84] The UK Games Expo, held annually since 2007, serves as the United Kingdom's largest hobby games convention, incorporating miniature wargaming tournaments, participation games, and exhibitor halls for trading and demos.^[85] Historicon 2025, organized by HMGS and held in July, attracted thousands of participants with over 700 participation wargames, emphasizing immersive historical scenarios and vendor marketplaces.^[86] These organizations and events play a central role in hosting tournaments, demonstrations, and networking opportunities that build community ties, as evidenced by initiatives like the Great Wargaming Survey 2025, which collected responses from thousands of miniature wargamers to analyze trends such as increasing digital integration through 3D printing and online tools, and revealed that nearly 48% of respondents were aged 61 or older, underscoring the hobby's aging demographic as of 2025.^[87] Globally, European conventions like Crisis in Belgium, a major wargaming event on November 1, 2025, draw hundreds of attendees for participation games, trader stands, and championships organized by clubs such as the Tin Soldiers of Antwerp.^[88] In Asia, miniature wargaming remains a niche hobby with local clubs in countries like China and Taiwan, where small communities centered on systems like Warhammer engage in group activities and imports.^[89]^[90]

Notable Figures and Innovations

H.G. Wells is widely regarded as a foundational figure in miniature wargaming, having authored Little Wars in 1913, which provided the first accessible ruleset for simulating battles with toy soldiers on tabletops.^[91] This work emphasized simple mechanics using spring-loaded cannons and floor-based terrain, democratizing strategic play for hobbyists and influencing subsequent developments in the field.^[92] In the mid-20th century, Jack Scruby played a pivotal role in reviving and commercializing miniature wargaming in the United States. Founding Scruby Miniatures in 1956, he became the first American producer dedicated to historical miniatures, supplying figures for enthusiasts and publishing War Games Digest to share rules and tactics.^[93] Scruby also organized the inaugural U.S. miniature wargaming convention that year in California, fostering a nascent community around 54mm-scale battles.^[1] Rick Priestley emerged as a transformative designer in the 1980s through his work at Games Workshop, co-creating Warhammer Fantasy Battle in 1983 alongside Bryan Ansell and Richard Halliwell, which blended historical simulation with fantasy elements in a scalable skirmish-to-large-battle format.^[94] He later authored the original Warhammer 40,000 ruleset in 1987, introducing grimdark science-fiction narratives and modular army-building that expanded the hobby's commercial reach.^[94] Among modern contributors, Alessio Cavatore has shaped Games Workshop's output since the late 1990s, designing supplements for Warhammer Fantasy Battle (editions 6–8) and creating standalone games like Mordheim in 1999, which emphasized narrative-driven skirmishes in ruined urban settings.^[95] His approach integrated historical authenticity with cinematic flair, influencing rules for The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game.^[95] Henry Hyde has been instrumental in sustaining the hobby's intellectual discourse as former editor of Miniature Wargames magazine from 2013 to 2016, after merging it with his independent Battlegames to promote diverse historical and fantasy scenarios.^[96] His contributions through editorials and features advocated for accessible rules and community-driven innovation, authoring reference works like The Wargaming Compendium to guide newcomers.^[97] Key innovations include modular rules systems that enhance tactical depth without overcomplicating play. For instance, Flames of War (first edition, 2006) introduced "True Line of Sight," requiring players to physically trace visibility from miniature eyes to targets, accounting for terrain realism in World War II simulations and setting a standard for immersive battlefield adjudication.^[98] Community-driven advancements have proliferated through fan-made modifications, notably 3D-printable STL files for custom miniatures and terrain since the 2010s, enabling affordable personalization via platforms like Wargaming3D and Cults3D.^[99] These digital resources allow hobbyists to adapt official models or create era-specific variants, democratizing production beyond commercial manufacturers.^[100] Cultural impacts extend to diversity initiatives, with women-led groups emerging post-2010 to address underrepresentation in the male-dominated hobby, where female participation was estimated at around 2% as of 2019. Organizations like those highlighted in WIRED discussions have organized inclusive events and mentorships through targeted outreach. Painting contests, such as Games Workshop's annual Golden Demon since the 1980s, celebrate artistic excellence and have profoundly influenced hobby culture by showcasing techniques that elevate miniatures from functional pieces to display art.^[101] Winners often inspire global trends in basing and weathering, fostering a subculture where visual storytelling rivals strategic play.^[102] Media crossovers have amplified the hobby's visibility, with podcasts like Three Moves Ahead dissecting rules and narratives since 2010, and YouTube channels such as MiniWarGaming producing battle reports and tutorials viewed millions of times annually.^[103] These platforms bridge isolated players, promoting cross-community collaborations and sustaining growth through accessible content.^[104]

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Miniature wargaming is when you use scale models or figures of real-life people and equipment to recreate battles from some period in history, or even the ...
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History of Wargaming? - Historical Miniatures Gaming Society, Inc.
Modern miniature wargames (See "What is Miniature Wargaming") are quite similar to military wargames in one respect. ... fantasy-science fiction spin. Their ...
[6]
Sage Reference - Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society - Wargames
Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society · Entry; Wargames. Entry ... Military wargames have used miniatures on sand tables, board games ...
[7]
Tabletop Wargaming: A History - MiniWarGaming
Jun 11, 2020 · I will be your guide as we take a look through history at how the tabletop games that we have come to enjoy with our family and friends came to be.
[8]
[PDF] The Complete Wargames Handbook
Chapter 2. How to Play Wargames. 1. Overview. 2. How to Win. 3. How to Win with the Losing Side. 4. Overcoming Math Anxiety. 5. Strategy and Tactics of Play.
[9]
[PDF] The Long History of Gaming in Military Training - DTIC
Military gaming includes sand tables, miniatures, board games, and computer games. Examples include the 'Naval Wargame' (1903) and 'Little Wars' (1913).
[10]
Table Top Games Market Size & Industry Trends Report to 2028
In Europe, the number of millennials who play board games is rising noticeably. The region also produces miniature wargames. Europe's tabletop games industry ...
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https://hmgs.site-ym.com/general/custom.asp?page=WargamingHistory
[12]
https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/play/chpt/wargames
[13]
https://www.miniwargaming.com/content/tabletop-wargaming-a-history
[14]
Hobby 101: How to Assemble Miniatures - Goonhammer
Jun 25, 2023 · Any models that use a combination of metal or resin parts can best be assembled with super glue. Plastic glue will not work for these. Removing ...
[15]
The Tao of Drybrushing - Modelling - Flames Of War
The black undercoat/base colour technique works very well with Battlefront miniatures, but for a really realistic job you can't go past drybrushing. If ...
[16]
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA550307.pdf
[17]
https://www.kbvresearch.com/table-top-games-market/
[18]
Step by step: Basic terrain, part 1: Materials | MINIONVAULT
Sep 4, 2013 · A wide array of material can be used here: strong cardboard, particle board, MDF, foam-core art board, plywood, tempered hardboard or masonite.
[19]
https://bitsofwar.com/blog/99_resin-plastic-and-other-materials-which-one-i
[20]
Placing Terrain in 40k: How to Set Up a Table | Goonhammer
Oct 6, 2019 · ... Warhammer 40k. And inevitably one of the first questions they'll get ... terrain rules in 40k. First, let's start with the Core Rules ...
[21]
https://www.3dnatives.com/en/top-3d-printers-miniatures-2025-150120245/
[22]
The Role of Terrain in Shaping Wargame Strategies
Dec 25, 2024 · The wargames terrain helps or hinders you no matter what you are doing before, during, and after the battle. Also, the terrain you are ...
[23]
Hexon Hex Grids - Kallistra
Designed to be used in conjunction with Hexon Terrain System (100mm across flats and 24mm in height approx ). These single hex slopes raise the terrain height ...
[24]
TerraTiles: Hexagon Terrain Tiles for RPGs and Wargames
14-day returnsIt is a hexagon-based, modular terrain system that is eady right out of the box to turn your whole table into an elegant battlefield worthy of your miniatures ...
[25]
https://store.warlordgames.com/collections/bolt-action-starter-sets
[26]
The Definitive Guide to Miniature Figure Scales in Wargaming
### Summary of Miniature Figure Scales in Wargaming
[27]
The complete guide to miniature size and miniature scale - Alkony
Examples: 25mm, 28mm, 32mm etc. A 28mm miniature means that the size of the miniature will be 28mm from the feet of the mini to the chosen reference point.
[28]
https://www.goonhammer.com/placing-terrain-in-40k-how-to-set-up-a-table/
[29]
Ground/figure scale in miniature rules - BoardGameGeek
Jan 13, 2012 · In board wargames, the time, unit and map scale are almost always explicitly defined: 1 hex = 100 yards, each strength point = 100 men, 1 turn = ...
[30]
How to Base Everything: Historicals | Goonhammer
Sep 3, 2020 · That particular game is a 15mm regimental-scale game where each regiment is made up of 6-10 “stands,” each representing roughly 50 men. A stand ...
[31]
Talking About Scale: Time and Distance in Wargaming
Nov 16, 2024 · If my ground scale is 1 in equals 10 yd, then that single game piece can move, say, 12inches/120 yards in 1 minute. If my ground scale is 1 in ...
[32]
[TMP] "Calculating ground and time scales in rules" Topic
Jan 8, 2016 · Most time scales are entirely arbitrary, being simple 'turn' periods that when calculated based on the speed of cavalry, calculate to anything ...
[33]
The Art of Abstraction in Historical Wargame Design
Jun 1, 2025 · This models fog of war far better than open-counter systems. Supply rules are another area where abstraction shines. Rather than track every ...
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https://alkony.enerla.net/english/the-nexus/miniatures-nexus/miniature-hobby/miniature-size-miniature-scale
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[PDF] Core Rules - Warhammer Community
If this occurs during the battle, the player whose turn it is chooses the order. If this occurs before or after the battle, or at the start or end of a ...
[36]
Points system - Warlord Games
May 20, 2020 · These rules try to put you in the role of the Commander in Chief. You make the decisions and issue orders to the units that form the army under your command.
[37]
Buckets of Dice - Wargaming Mechanics
Feb 12, 2017 · A typical example consists of first rolling a number of dice as a “to-hit” roll, then rerolling the number of successes as a “to-save” roll.
[38]
House Rules in Tabletop Wargaming
House rules often expand command friction and morale. For example, British infantry might hold ground longer, while militia could break under lighter pressure.
[39]
Napoleonic Game Rules (Ver 2.0 Advanced game) - Wargamerabbit
4) Formations: Overview of the unit miniature formations used in the game. ... Weather (effects) Chart: Weather Effect Chart. Artillery Minimum Fire Zone ...
[40]
[PDF] Tabletop rules for recreating the Napoleonic Wars - Et sans résultat!
Orders are made up of objectives and directives; players may indicate the objective of. Forces and directives of Formations on a order of battle, roster, or map ...
[41]
Age of Sigmar Magic - How does it work? - - Wargame Tactics
To cast a spell you roll two dice ( usually, check the wizards special rules) and roll a number equal or higher than the casting value for the spell. This means ...
[42]
Armoured Fury- the Evolution of Vehicles in 40K - - Frontline Gaming
Sep 24, 2016 · Hi everyone, Michael here to take a look at the evolution of the rules for vehicles in the warhammer universe.
[43]
Naval Wargaming Rule Sets - Topside Minis
FREE Topside Minis Rules Set. The Topside Minis rules set is an easy to learn and fun set of rules you can use with these naval units.
[44]
[TMP] "Are there any dedicated modern submarine rules?" Topic
Jan 2, 2011 · Shallow, mid, and deep are the normal operating depths. Really deep is below test depth (in other words, go this deep and you are likely to ...
[45]
Check Your 6! Details - SkirmishCampaigns
The game features 3D maneuvers and has several Operational Altitude Bands (CABs); within each is six Tactical Altitude Levels (TAL). COVERAGE: Basic rules ...
[46]
None
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[47]
Miniatures Handbook (Dungeons & Dragons Supplement)
This handbook gives expanded rules for three-dimensional, head-to-head miniatures play for both skirmish and mass battle conflicts.
[48]
Review of Miniatures Handbook - RPGnet d20 RPG Game Index
Nov 7, 2003 · This is the only part of the book that makes more than a token effort at integrating D&D and D&D Miniatures. You take all the stat cards that ...Missing: narrative | Show results with:narrative
[49]
[PDF] Ludus Latrunculorum Reconstructed - CAMWS
Ludus latrunculorum was a popular board game throughout the ancient Roman world, but unlike some ancient games it has no clear modern descendent. Despite ...
[50]
Uncovering Hidden Patterns of Thought in War: Wei-Chi versus Chess
Wei-chi (otherwise known as Go in Japan and Baduk in Korea) is an abstract strategy board game. Having its origin in China roughly four thousand years ago ( ...
[51]
Shah Mat! The Global Origins of Chess in War and Diplomacy
Feb 21, 2022 · Often played in front of an assembled court, chaturanga was therefore an elite pastime used to educate heirs to the imperial throne, to ...Missing: miniatures | Show results with:miniatures<|separator|>
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The Game of Kings: Medieval Ivory Chessmen from the Isle of Lewis
Nov 15, 2011 · The Lewis Chessmen are generally believed to have been made in Norway. Stylistic similarities to sculpture point specifically to the Norwegian ...
[53]
How a 7th-Century War Game Transformed Into a Symbol of ...
Jul 21, 2025 · The earliest known predecessor of modern chess is chaturanga, a strategic board game developed in India around the 6th or 7th century AD. The ...Missing: miniatures | Show results with:miniatures
[54]
A School for War – A Brief History of the Prussian Kriegsspiel
Dec 22, 2021 · The 1812 publication of the Reisswitz game is an important piece of evidence for the history of wargaming as Reisswitz included an extensive ...
[55]
More Than Wargaming: Exploring the Miniaturing Pastime
Jun 26, 2020 · While wargaming is a prominent part of the miniature pastime, it does not encompass it. Miniatures are also bought for purposes other than ...
[56]
LITTLE WARS - Scholarly Editing
H. G. Wells (1866–1946) published two books about play with miniatures (specifically, toy soldiers): Floor Games in 1911, and then Little Wars in 1913. In ...<|separator|>
[57]
Donald Featherstone's War Games - History of Wargaming Project
'The Don (as we know him in my London wargaming circles) is the father of the modern wargaming hobby due to the publication of 'Wargames' and the companions on ...
[58]
Tony Bath | Board Game Designer - BoardGameGeek
Tony A. Bath (1926 - 2000) was a British wargamer who in 1965 created the Society of Ancients, a British-based worldwide of wargamers who favor gaming in ...
[59]
About Us - Miniature Figurines Production
Minifigs™ was founded by Neville Dickinson back in 1964. Neville, one of the founder fathers of the Wessex Wargames Club, (Telephone: Ian Gould 02380 730912) ...
[60]
WRG History - Wargames Research Group
This was Wargame Rules 1750 – 1850. These and the second edition (1685 – 1845) published in April 1977 allowed players to wargame the horse and musket period ...Missing: 1960s | Show results with:1960s
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Our History | Games Workshop Group PLC
Our History · Who we are. Games Workshop began its life in the UK but now has direct sales operations in the UK, Europe, the United States, Australia and Asia.
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New: Bolt Action Rulebook! - Warlord Games
Written by veteran game designers Alessio Cavatore and Rick Priestley, Bolt Action provides all the rules needed to bring the great battles of World War II to ...
[63]
Our History - Corvus Belli
Infinity arrived on the market in 2005, standing out among its peers for its innovative game design and the quality of the miniatures - a benchmark in the 28mm ...
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Infinity Defiance by Corvus Belli - Kickstarter
Nov 2, 2023 · Corvus Belli is raising funds for Infinity Defiance on Kickstarter! A Dungeon Crawler game by CORVUS BELLI based on the Infinity Universe.Missing: 2005 | Show results with:2005
[65]
Can we all stop pretending 3D printing miniature wargames is ...
Oct 22, 2025 · A 4k resolution 3D printer can produce models that are more than adequate for miniature wargames, and 8k and above models are hard to ...
[66]
Ronnie's Mid-Year Mantic Update!
Jul 25, 2025 · Mantic released Kings of War: Champions, Halo: Flashpoint expansion, and Epic Warpath. Upcoming: Gen Con reveal, Sept announcement, and ...
[67]
https://www.warlordgames.com/new-bolt-action-rulebook/
[68]
Goonhammer Historicals: HistoriCon 2025 Event Report
Jul 24, 2025 · UTC Recap ... Last week grognards from around the country (but mostly the east coast) gathered at HistoriCon, the USA's biggest mostly-historical ...
[69]
Kings of War 4th Edition: Co-Ordinating a New Edition - Mantic Games
Oct 6, 2025 · New blogs, videos and stories will be dropping regularly between now and the launch of 4th Edition in December 2025. Make sure to bookmark the ...
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Perry Miniatures: New! French Revolution Range!
Mar 25, 2025 · Alternative Armies: Our last Celtic Mythology releases of 2025 give you requested poses for the Fomorians these being the warband command (C...
[71]
Perry Miniatures release from 29 April 2025 - Miniset.net
Perry Miniatures release from 29 April 2025 · Perry Miniatures Spanish Napoleonic Infantry (1) 1808-11 SPA 70 · Perry Miniatures Spanish Napoleonic Infantry (2) ...
[72]
Big 2025 Games Workshop Price Increase: What Changed
Sep 29, 2025 · The Games Workshop price increase for 2025 is here. See how Warhammer 40k, AoS, Heresy, and Old World kits are changing and what it means ...
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https://www.goonhammer.com/goonhammer-historicals-historicon-2025-event-report/
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Tariffs & Trade Wars do Affect Wargames (negatively)
Apr 5, 2025 · Tariffs increase costs, leading to higher prices, slow production, delayed releases, and reduced profits for wargame companies.
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About HMGS, Inc.
The mission of HMGS, Inc.® is to: foster historical gaming and scholarship,; promote historical gaming by sponsoring historical gaming demonstrations, ...
[76]
HMGS Home | HMGS.org
An educational 501(c)3 (non-profit) organization whose purpose is to promote the study of military history through the art of tabletop miniature wargaming.About HMGS, Inc. · Conventions · Hobby University · Convention AwardsMissing: founded | Show results with:founded<|separator|>
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Wargames | General - Active | Forums - BoardGameGeek
Quick Links. Subscriptions · Bookmarks · Community Rules · Moderators. Search Forums. Search. Global Stats. Threads: 3,363,619. Replies: 40,821,474. Thumbs ...GeneralWargames | General
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A Brief History of Gen Con · Exploring the Events
All in all 96 people attended in 1968, only one-third of which were members of the IFW. The convention was a small wargaming affair for the first several years ...
[79]
UK Games Expo: Home
Now in it's 19th year, UK Games Expo (UKGE) is the largest Hobby Games Convention in the UK. A fun event appealing to families as well as the enthusiast.Expo Map · Tickets · Exhibit · UK Games Expo Awards
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Historicon 2025 Show Recap - YouTube
Jul 23, 2025 · The Little Wars TV gang was there running games, playing in games, and filming games! With a record 700+ participation wargames, it was ...
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https://hmgs.org/about-hmgs-inc/
[82]
CRISIS 2025 - Wargaming Convention
The Crisis wargaming convention is back in St.-Niklaas, Belgium, on November 1st, 2025. Join us for a day of gaming, community, and fun. Whether you're a ...
[83]
Does China have a big war gaming scene? : r/AskChina - Reddit
Mar 30, 2025 · Warhammer is probably the most popular. Most big cities have a club or two at least to play in. My local community has a couple hundred in the community.Why has Japan Never Become a Dominant Force in Pen and Paper ...Meanwhile…Warhammer scene in China - RedditMore results from www.reddit.comMissing: Asian growth
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A Brief Summary of Tabletop Wargaming in Asia - legal alien
May 17, 2023 · It increased Taiwanese wargamers and created a great sensation overseas. In Hong Kong, The Hong Kong Society of Wargamers does group buying. In ...Missing: growth | Show results with:growth
[85]
Little Wars: How HG Wells created hobby war gaming - BBC News
Aug 3, 2013 · A Funny Little Wars game sees rival commanders bombard their adversaries with matchsticks, fired with little spring-loaded triggers in the tiny cannons.
[86]
HG Wells Practically Invented Modern Tabletop Wargaming - Kotaku
Wells even believed that Little Wars' approach to conflict simulation, while designed for the everyman (and intelligent sort of everygirl), was a more accurate ...
[87]
Jack Scruby | HMGS Legion of Honor
As I mentioned, besides beginning War Games Digest in 1957, Jack also opened Scruby Miniatures (SM). The first and now oldest company devoted to the production ...
[88]
Behind The Board Games: Rick Priestley - OnTableTop
Aug 1, 2019 · Rick Priestley is one of the original creators of Games Workshop's Warhammer and author and creator of the Warhammer 40,000 range of games ...Missing: 1980s | Show results with:1980s
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INTERVIEW: Alessio Cavatore on GameDesign - Bell of Lost Souls
Jan 3, 2011 · For Games Workshop he has worked on several game systems and supplements, like Warhammer Fantasy Battle, Warhammer 40,000 and the Lord of ...
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About Me – Henry Hyde: Writer, Podcaster, Voice Artist, Designer
I was the Editor of the internationally regarded monthly hobby magazine Miniature Wargames with Battlegames, combining Battlegames (which started life as ...
[91]
Wargaming Campaigns: Hyde, Henry: 9781473855915 - Amazon.com
A wargamer since childhood, Henry Hyde burst onto the wargames scene in 2006 with his own _Battlegames_ magazine. He went on to edit the combined _Miniature ...
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https://kotaku.com/hg-wells-practically-invented-modern-tabletop-wargaming-5944058
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Wargaming3D - 3D printable historical miniatures for wargaming ...
Wargaming3D - 3D printable historical miniatures for wargaming and dioramas. Brought to you by Playable Prints.Missing: mods | Show results with:mods
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https://www.beastsofwar.com/warhammer-40k/behind-the-board-games-rick-priestley/
[95]
Golden Demon 2025 winners revealed at AdeptiCon
The ultimate Warhammer painting competition - Golden Demon - has returned to AdeptiCon in 2025, and we have all the winners right here.
[96]
Golden Demon - Citadel Colour
Golden Demon is the ultimate Warhammer painting competition. Thousands of entries are received each year from all over the world.
[97]
30 Best Wargaming Podcasts to Listen to in 2025
1. Three Moves Ahead · 2. Preferred Enemies - A Warhammer 40K Podcast · 3. Combat Phase · 4. Dragged into Turbolasers · 5. Warmaster Podcast · 6. TFG Radio - A ...
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MiniWarGaming - YouTube
We are a group of geeks dedicated to bringing you entertaining and informative videos about miniature wargaming, including battle reports, narrative campaigns.