Patience Collier

Patience Collier (19 August 1910 – 13 July 1987) was a British actress renowned for her versatile character roles across theatre, radio, film, and television from the 1930s to the 1980s. Born Irene Marjorie Ritscher into a Central European Jewish family in London's Bayswater district, she trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) from 1930 to 1932 and adopted her professional name after marrying H. O. J. Collier in 1936. Known for her distinctive, booming voice, eccentric demeanor, and perfectionist approach, Collier built a reputation as a formidable performer who brought intensity to both comedic and dramatic parts.^[1]^[2] Collier's stage career began with her first speaking role in the 1933 production of Strange Orchestra, followed by repertory work in Manchester from 1932 onward. She made her West End debut in 1954 as Charlotta Ivanovna in Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in 1961, where she originated the role of Regan in Peter Brook's production of King Lear (1962–1963) and appeared in revivals like The Government Inspector (1966). Her embrace of her Jewish heritage influenced selections such as the role in Clifford Odets's Awake and Sing! (1971). Beyond theatre, she excelled in post-war radio, notably contributing to BBC's Woman's Hour during the 1950s, and transitioned to screen work in the 1970s, including the film Fiddler on the Roof (1971) as Grandma Tzeitel and TV series like Sapphire & Steel (1979–1982).^[1]^[3]^[4] Later highlights included her portrayal of Katerina Matakis in the miniseries Who Pays the Ferryman (1977) and a supporting role in the film The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), directed by Karel Reisz. Collier's final stage appearance was in Lent (1983) at the Riverside Studios. Throughout her career, she was admired for her sharp intellect and unfiltered candor—colleague Joanna Lumley once described her as possessing "a tongue like a lash and a mind like a scythe"—leaving behind a rich personal archive of diaries and letters that chronicled her multifaceted life. Her life is chronicled in the 2021 biography The Performer’s Tale: Nine Lives of Patience Collier by Vanessa Morton.^[1]^[4]

Early life

Birth and family background

Patience Collier was born Irene Marjorie Ritscher on 19 August 1910 in Bayswater, London.^[1]^[2] She was the daughter of Paul Ritscher and Eva Spitzel, both from Central European Jewish families who had settled in England.^[1]^[2] In her youth, she was known as Rene Ritscher, reflecting her family's heritage and the cultural milieu of London's Jewish community at the time.^[1] Her family background provided a foundation in a vibrant, immigrant-influenced environment. In 1929, she was presented as a debutante, reflecting her family's social aspirations within the community.^[1] This early life in Bayswater, a diverse district, shaped her exposure to multicultural influences before she pursued acting.^[1]

Education and early influences

Born Irene Marjorie Ritscher on 19 August 1910 in Bayswater, London, to parents Paul Ritscher and Eva Spitzel from a Central European Jewish background, Patience Collier—known as Rene Ritscher in her youth—grew up in a middle-class family that fostered her early interest in the performing arts.^[2]^[5]^[1] At age 20, Ritscher enrolled at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1930, completing her training in 1932. There, she honed her skills alongside emerging talents including Vivien Leigh and Joan Littlewood, whose innovative approaches to theater left a lasting impact on her versatile acting technique.^[1] She also developed a significant friendship with Diana Churchill, daughter of Winston and Clementine Churchill.^[6] These formative years at RADA, combined with her exposure to dynamic peers and influential circles, ignited Collier's commitment to stage performance and propelled her toward her debut professional roles in the early 1930s.^[1]

Career

Theatre career

Patience Collier began her professional theatre career in the early 1930s after training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 1930 to 1932, securing her first speaking role as Freda in the touring production of Strange Orchestra in 1933.^[1] She appeared in early London productions such as Magnolia Street in 1934, directed by Theodore Komisarjevsky, and contributed to left-leaning theatre initiatives, including serving as organising secretary for Joan Littlewood’s Theatre Union in 1937 and acting in The Good Soldier Schweik in 1939.^[1] Her early work emphasized ensemble and political theatre, reflecting the era's experimental scene. In the 1950s, Collier achieved prominence in West End productions, starting with Charlotta in John Gielgud's revival of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard at the Lyric Hammersmith in 1954.^[2] She followed with Madame Parole in My Three Angels at the same venue in 1955, and in 1956 portrayed Maria in The Power and the Glory at the Phoenix Theatre, Violet in T.S. Eliot's The Family Reunion also at the Phoenix, and Anya Pavlikov in Noël Coward's Nude with Violin at the Globe Theatre, the latter directed by Gielgud and later adapted for television.^[2] These roles showcased her versatility in both dramatic and comedic classical works, often under esteemed directors. By 1958, she joined the revue Living for Pleasure at the Garrick Theatre, highlighting her range in lighter entertainment alongside performers like Dora Bryan.^[1] Collier's international breakthrough came in 1960 with her Broadway debut as Miss Gilchrist in Joan Littlewood's The Hostage at the Cort Theatre, a production that transferred from London's Theatre Royal Stratford East and earned acclaim for its anti-war satire.^[2] She joined the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in 1961 under Peter Hall, embarking on a prolific association that defined much of her mid-career. Notable RSC roles included Putana in John Ford's 'Tis Pity She's a Whore at the Mermaid Theatre in 1961 and Charlotta in another Cherry Orchard revival at Stratford-upon-Avon and the Aldwych.^[1] Her portrayal of Regan in Peter Brook's landmark production of King Lear (1962–1963) opposite Paul Scofield was a career highlight, praised for its intensity; she reprised the role during the company's Paris tour in 1963 as part of the Théâtre des Nations festival.^[2] Throughout the 1960s, she contributed to the RSC's history cycle, playing the Duchess of York in Richard II, Mistress Quickly in Henry IV Parts I and II, and Alice in Henry V in 1964–1965, as well as Anna Andreyevna in The Government Inspector (1966) and Eugenia in Sławomir Mrożek's Tango (1966).^[1] Later RSC credits included the Duchess in The Revenger's Tragedy (1969), Nurse in Edward Albee's All Over (1971–1972), Mrs. Dudgeon in The Devil's Disciple (1976), and Avdotya in Chekhov's Ivanov (1976).^[2] Beyond the RSC, Collier excelled in contemporary and modern repertory. She played Bessie Berger in Clifford Odets's Awake and Sing at the Hampstead Theatre Club in 1971 and Sarah in Arnold Wesker's The Old Ones at the Royal Court Theatre in 1972, roles that underscored her affinity for socially charged dramas.^[1] At the National Theatre, she portrayed Nurse Guinness in G.B. Shaw's Heartbreak House at the Old Vic in 1975, directed by John Schlesinger.^[2] Her later stage work included La Poncia in Federico García Lorca's The House of Bernarda Alba at the Greenwich Theatre in 1973, Anna in Ivan Turgenev's A Month in the Country at the Chichester Festival in 1974, and the Mother in Henrik Ibsen's Brand at the Olivier Theatre in 1978.^[2] Collier's final major role was Mrs. Blake in Lent at the Lyric Theatre in 1983, capping a career that spanned over five decades and bridged classical revivals, avant-garde experiments, and ensemble masterpieces.^[1]

Film and television roles

Patience Collier began her screen career in the 1960s, transitioning from her prominent theatre work to supporting roles in British films that often highlighted her distinctive, authoritative presence. Her film debut came in 1964 with The Third Secret, where she portrayed Mrs. Pelton, a gallery customer in the psychological thriller directed by Charles Crichton.^[7] This was followed by appearances in Baby Love (1969), a controversial drama about a troubled orphan, and Every Home Should Have One (1970, also known as Think Dirty), in which she played Mrs. Monty Levin, a society matron in the satirical comedy.^[8] These early roles established her as a versatile character actress capable of conveying sharp wit and emotional depth in ensemble casts. Collier's film work peaked in the 1970s with several high-profile adaptations. In Fiddler on the Roof (1971), she delivered a memorable performance as Grandma Tzeitel, the ghostly matriarch in the musical drama directed by Norman Jewison, contributing to the film's emotional resonance amid its exploration of Jewish life in early 20th-century Russia.^[9] She followed this with Endless Night (1972), an Agatha Christie adaptation where she appeared as Miss Townsend, a companion adding tension to the suspenseful narrative of obsession and murder. Other notable films included Perfect Friday (1970) as the nanny in a heist thriller starring Ursula Andress, and The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), in which she played the stern Mrs. Poulteney, a Victorian moralist in Karel Reisz's dual-timeline romance based on John Fowles' novel.^[10] Her film roles, though often supporting, frequently embodied complex, no-nonsense women, enhancing the thematic layers of period dramas and thrillers. On television, Collier's career flourished from the 1970s onward, with recurring appearances in prestigious BBC and ITV productions that showcased her range in historical and dramatic series. She portrayed Senora Mendoza in The Avengers Season 4 (1966), bringing eccentricity to the spy-fi adventure.^[11] In the 1970s, she appeared as Baroness Lehzen in Edward the King (1975), a miniseries chronicling the life of Edward VII, and as Katerina Matakis, a formidable Greek matriarch, in the mystery drama Who Pays the Ferryman? (1977). Her role as Emma Mullrine in six episodes of the cult sci-fi series Sapphire & Steel (1981) highlighted her ability to convey quiet menace in supernatural storylines involving time agents.^[12] Later credits included Mrs. Coffman in the 1977 TV adaptation of Come Back, Little Sheba, and her final roles in 1984-1985: Miss Stoper in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (Granada series), Maria Pavlovna in The House on Kirov Street (BBC drama set during World War II), and Old Mrs. Wardle across three episodes of The Pickwick Papers (1985), rounding out a television legacy marked by dignified, layered characterizations in literary adaptations.^[1]

Radio and other media

Patience Collier established a prominent radio career with the BBC in the post-war period, securing a series of contracts that highlighted her versatility as a character actress in dramatic productions and narrations. Her work extended from the late 1940s through the 1950s and into later decades, encompassing adaptations of classic literature, original plays, and serialized readings. This phase of her career provided steady employment during a time when theatre opportunities were limited, allowing her to hone her vocal range and timing in the intimate medium of radio.^[1] One of her early notable roles came in 1950 on the BBC Light Programme, where she portrayed the enigmatic Mrs. Grindle in Aubrey Feist's horror play The Black Cabinet, a story of touring performers encountering supernatural elements at a seaside boarding house; the production, directed by Paul O'Loughlin, underscored her ability to convey menace and eccentricity through voice alone.^[13] Collier also excelled in literary adaptations. Her contributions to BBC Radio 3 included starring as the domineering spinster in William Golding's Miss Pulkinhorn (1961), alongside Hugh Burden and Carleton Hobbs, in a tale of familial tension and hidden scandals.^[14] Collier's radio portfolio further featured works by prominent authors, including William Golding's radio play Miss Pulkinhorn, broadcast on the Third Programme with Burden and Hobbs, exploring themes of isolation and resentment. She was a frequent narrator on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, reading serialized fiction that appealed to female audiences, such as excerpts from contemporary novels that captured domestic and emotional narratives. By the 1970s, her radio engagements continued with roles like Kay McManus in The Search (Afternoon Theatre, 1972), opposite Elizabeth Proud, in a psychological drama adapted from a short story. These performances cemented her reputation as a reliable BBC staple, often in ensemble casts that demanded precise emotional delivery without visual cues. Details of her extensive radio work are further chronicled in the 2021 biography The Performer's Tale: The Nine Lives of Patience Collier by Vanessa Morton, drawing on her personal archive.^[14]^[1]^[15]^[16] Beyond traditional radio drama, Collier's voice work extended to other audio media, though specific recordings are less documented; her skills in narration likely influenced later audiobook-style productions, aligning with the era's growing interest in spoken-word entertainment. Her radio legacy reflects a bridge between stage acting and emerging broadcast forms, contributing to the BBC's rich archive of mid-20th-century audio theatre.^[1]

Personal life

Marriage and family

Patience Collier, born Irene Marjorie Ritscher, married the pharmacologist Henry Oswald Jackson Collier, known as Harry, in 1936.^[1]^[2] A biologist and scientist, Harry Collier worked in pharmacology and influenced his children's interests in science and design through family activities such as nature walks to observe butterfly wings.^[17] The couple had three children: two daughters, Susan and Sarah, and one son, Joe.^[2] Susan Collier (1938–2011) and Sarah Collier (later Campbell, born 1945) became renowned textile designers, co-founding the influential firm Collier Campbell in the 1960s, known for its vibrant, painterly patterns used in fashion, interiors, and collaborations with brands like Liberty of London.^[17] Susan credited her mother with fostering her early artistic talents by painting her chair in bold red and yellow hues and providing art supplies, while her father's scientific observations inspired color sensitivity in their work.^[17] Their designs earned acclaim, including a 1976 Queen's Award for Design Council support, and the sisters collaborated for over 50 years until Susan's death.^[17] Joe Collier, born in 1942, pursued a career in clinical pharmacology, becoming a professor and advocate for ethical drug practices, much like his father.^[18] He contributed to medical education and policy through roles at St Mary's Hospital Medical School and writings in publications like the BMJ, focusing on pharmaceutical industry accountability.^[18] The family's creative and scientific pursuits reflected the diverse influences of Patience and Harry's backgrounds, with Patience's acting career providing an artistic foundation amid their domestic life in London.^[17]

Later years and death

Following her last professional engagements in the mid-1980s, Collier retired from acting and lived quietly in London during her final years. She passed away on July 13, 1987, at the age of 76. Her death prompted tributes from colleagues, with archives preserving obituaries, condolence letters, and details of her funeral, underscoring her enduring impact on British theatre.^[1]^[5]

Legacy

Influence on family and design

Patience Collier, an accomplished actress known for her vibrant personality and artistic inclinations, profoundly shaped the creative paths of her daughters, Susan Collier and Sarah Campbell, who became renowned textile designers. She nurtured their early artistic talents by providing Susan with powder paints, brushes, and drawer-lining paper for experimentation, fostering a sensitivity to color that became central to Susan's painterly approach to pattern design.^[17]^[19] Patience further encouraged this by personally painting Susan's childhood chair in bold, Matisse-inspired red and yellow hues, instilling an appreciation for vivid, expressive aesthetics that influenced the sisters' later work.^[19] This maternal support extended to the family's collaborative ethos, as Susan and Sarah co-founded the influential design studio Collier Campbell in the 1970s, producing thousands of patterns for brands like Liberty and Habitat that revolutionized British textile design with their bold, narrative-driven motifs.^[17]^[19] While Patience's direct influence is more explicitly documented in Susan's development, the shared family environment—complemented by their father Harry Collier's nature walks to observe butterfly wings and natural forms—provided a foundation for both daughters' innovative designs, blending organic inspiration with artistic freedom.^[17]^[19] Sarah, who trained formally at Chelsea School of Art, credited the familial creative legacy in her ongoing work, including biographical projects honoring her mother's performative life, which echoed in the dynamic, story-telling quality of Collier Campbell's output.^[20]

Biographical recognition

Patience Collier's multifaceted life and career have been chronicled in the biography The Performer's Tale: The Nine Lives of Patience Collier (2021), written by Vanessa Morton and published by Apollo, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing. Drawing on personal diaries, correspondence, photographs, and interviews with contemporaries, the book portrays Collier as a perfectionist character actress whose work spanned over five decades, from the 1930s to the 1980s, across British theatre, film, television, and radio. Morton emphasizes Collier's eccentric personality and her collaborations with luminaries such as Peter Brook, Diana Rigg, and Norman Jewison, framing her as an underrecognized figure in a golden age of performance. The biography underscores Collier's enduring, if understated, impact, noting her memorable supporting roles in productions like the Royal Shakespeare Company's The Taming of the Shrew (1960) and films such as Fiddler on the Roof (1971). It received positive attention for reviving interest in Collier's contributions, with reviews highlighting its vivid reconstruction of her professional evolution and personal resilience amid industry challenges. No major acting awards or official honors were bestowed upon Collier during her lifetime, reflecting her status as a versatile supporting performer rather than a leading star.^[21]