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Sweet Bean

Sweet Bean is a 2015 Japanese drama film written and directed by Naomi Kawase, adapted from the novel An by Durian Sukegawa.^[1]^[2] The story centers on Sentaro, a struggling dorayaki vendor played by Masatoshi Nagase, who hires the elderly Tokue, portrayed by Kirin Kiki, after tasting her exceptional homemade sweet red bean paste ("an"), which transforms his modest business but reveals her past affliction with leprosy, leading to societal ostracism.^[3]^[4] Premiering in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, the film received acclaim for its poignant exploration of isolation, sensory experience, and redemption through food and nature, though some critics noted its sentimental tone.^[5]^[6] Kawase earned the Best Director award at the 2015 Asian Film Awards, while Kiki won Best Performance by an Actress at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards for her role.^[7]^[8] The production highlights real-life familial ties, with Kiki and her granddaughter Kyara Uchida appearing together as Tokue and a young shop assistant, echoing Kawase's prior collaborations.^[9]

Development and Production

Source Material and Adaptation

Sweet Bean (Japanese: あん, Hepburn: An) is an adaptation of the novel An (English: Sweet Bean Paste), written by Japanese author and poet Durian Sukegawa and first published in Japan in 2013.^[10] The story centers on Sentaro, a dorayaki vendor struggling with debt, who employs Tokue, an elderly woman skilled in crafting exceptional an (sweet red bean paste), leading to reflections on human connection, societal exclusion, and the sensory essence of food.^[11] Sukegawa, drawing from his background in literature and environmental activism, crafted the narrative to probe life's meaning through everyday acts like bean preparation, emphasizing patience and imperfection.^[12] Director Naomi Kawase, known primarily for semi-autobiographical original screenplays, selected Sukegawa's novel for its alignment with her interest in intimate human bonds and nature's rhythms, marking a departure from her usual practice.^[13] Kawase wrote the screenplay herself, preserving the novel's focus on the protagonists' evolving relationships and Tokue's hidden history of leprosy-related stigma, while streamlining the source material's introspective passages into a visually poetic structure suited for cinema.^[2] The adaptation maintains fidelity to the book's emotional core and culinary motif, with the film's dorayaki preparation scenes mirroring the novel's detailed recipes, though it condenses some subplots for narrative economy.^[14] Released in Japan on May 30, 2015, the film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section, where it won the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury, reflecting the adaptation's universal appeal in translating Sukegawa's themes of redemption and sensory awakening to a broader audience.^[15] Unlike Kawase's prior works, this project incorporated co-production from France and Germany, facilitating international distribution while adhering closely to the novel's Japanese cultural context, including references to historical leprosarium policies.^[13] Critics noted the adaptation's restraint in avoiding melodrama, prioritizing subtle performances over explicit exposition found in the prose.^[16]

Pre-Production and Casting

The adaptation of Durian Sukegawa's 2012 novel An into a feature film originated when the author specifically requested director Naomi Kawase to helm the project, citing her thematic alignment with its exploration of human connections and societal exclusion. Pre-production gained momentum following an inspirational meeting at a leprosy treatment center involving Kawase, Sukegawa, and actress Kirin Kiki, where discussions on the novel's motifs crystallized the film's vision; Kawase later described this encounter as the moment "the film was born."^[17] Casting emphasized authenticity and prior collaborations, with veteran performer Kirin Kiki securing the central role of Tokue early in development after her involvement in the inspirational meeting. Masatoshi Nagase was chosen for the protagonist Sentaro, leveraging his established screen presence from international works such as Jim Jarmusch's Mystery Train (1989). For the character of Wakana, Kawase cast Kyara Uchida, Kirin Kiki's real-life granddaughter, continuing their on-screen familial dynamic from Hirokazu Kore-eda's I Wish (2011) to infuse the production with genuine relational depth.^[17]^[18]

Filming and Technical Aspects

Principal photography for Sweet Bean occurred primarily in Higashimurayama, a suburb within greater Tokyo, capturing the everyday life of a ground-floor snack shop in an apartment building. Specific locations included 2 Chome-16 Sakaecho for the central dorayaki pastry shop scenes, emphasizing the film's intimate, suburban Japanese setting.^[9]^[19] Cinematographer Shigeki Akiyama handled the visuals, utilizing a 2.35:1 aspect ratio in color to frame the narrative's focus on seasonal transitions, including cherry blossoms and urban-rural interfaces typical of Tokyo's outskirts. This widescreen format allowed for expansive shots of natural elements juxtaposed against confined interiors, aligning with director Naomi Kawase's tendency toward naturalistic observation.^[20]^[21] The production adopted a restrained technical approach, prioritizing authentic lighting and minimal artifice to evoke the quiet rhythms of daily routines, consistent with Kawase's background in blending documentary realism with fiction. No public records detail specific camera equipment or exact shooting schedule, though the film's May 30, 2015, Japanese release suggests principal filming wrapped in late 2014.^[22]^[9]

Plot Summary

Act One: Introduction and Hiring

Sentaro, a middle-aged man and former convict who served time for stabbing his former boss, operates a modest dorayaki shop in a quiet Tokyo suburb, frying the pancakes daily while burdened by mounting debts from the shop's lease and operations.^[23]^[3] His routine is solitary and mechanical, beginning each morning with a cigarette on the rooftop before preparing the store-bought sweet bean paste (an) filling that he mixes with commercial additives to stretch supplies amid low customer turnout.^[23] To cut costs and manage the workload, Sentaro posts a help-wanted sign seeking part-time assistance for peeling chestnuts and other prep tasks, specifying no experience required but emphasizing punctuality.^[3]^[24] One spring morning, Tokue, a 76-year-old woman with visibly deformed, gnarled hands suggesting arthritis or a similar affliction, approaches the shop in response to the ad, expressing eagerness to work despite her age and physical limitations.^[24]^[25] Initially skeptical and reluctant to hire someone elderly and seemingly frail, Sentaro tests her by asking her to prepare a sample of an, which she brings homemade from ingredients gathered with care, revealing an extraordinary flavor derived from slow-cooked beans infused with subtle, natural essences.^[3]^[26] Impressed by the paste's superior quality—rich, nuanced, and free of artificial shortcuts—Sentaro hires Tokue on the spot, agreeing to her requested wage of 80,000 yen monthly (approximately $800 USD at 2015 exchange rates) for part-time shifts starting immediately.^[3]^[25] As Tokue begins work the next day, she introduces Sentaro to her meticulous method of making an, emphasizing listening to the beans and incorporating elements like seasonal winds that purportedly carry flavor secrets from distant places, marking the start of their collaboration.^[27]^[25] This hiring decision, driven purely by the empirical superiority of her culinary product over his prior routine, sets the foundation for changes in the shop's operations, though Sentaro remains cautious about her hands and backstory.^[26]^[8]

Act Two: Collaboration and Revelation

Tokue begins preparing the anko paste daily using her proprietary method, which emphasizes straining the beans repeatedly to remove impurities, incorporating fresh seasonal ingredients like new-season azuki beans, and a philosophical approach of "listening" to the beans' natural flavors through careful sensory attention.^[27] Sentaro, initially doubtful of her unconventional techniques, adopts the paste for his dorayaki, resulting in a marked improvement in taste that draws long lines of customers and rapidly increases sales, enabling him to pay down his shop's debts.^[9] ^[8] As the collaboration deepens, Tokue shares personal anecdotes from her life, fostering a mentor-protégé bond with Sentaro, who reciprocates by opening up about his own regrets, including a past conviction for fraud that led to his current circumstances.^[27] Wakana, a neighboring schoolgirl facing familial neglect, observes their routine and gradually assists in the shop, forming a makeshift family dynamic amid the bustling operations.^[9] The revelation unfolds when Tokue discloses her history of contracting Hansen's disease (leprosy) as a young woman, leading to decades of forced isolation in a government sanatorium under Japan's mid-20th-century policies that segregated patients to prevent spread, despite the disease's curability with modern treatments like dapsone by the 1940s.^[27] She explains how the institutionalization severed her from society, yet cultivated her attuned senses for crafting anko, viewing the paste as a medium for expressing suppressed vitality.^[9] This disclosure, shared privately during their work, prompts Sentaro to reflect on themes of stigma and resilience, though it initially remains contained within their circle.^[8]

Act Three: Consequences and Resolution

Following Tokue's disclosure of her past institutionalization for Hansen's disease, whispers among patrons about her hand deformities—hallmarks of the condition—escalate into widespread avoidance, as customers shun the shop fearing contagion despite medical evidence that the disease spreads primarily through prolonged close contact rather than casual interaction.^[5]^[27] This backlash reverses the earlier surge in business from Tokue's superior anko paste, with daily foot traffic plummeting as former regulars, including schoolgirls like Wakana, temporarily withdraw.^[5]^[27] Under pressure from the shop's owner amid mounting debts, Sentaro reluctantly terminates Tokue's employment to salvage the operation, though the decision yields little recovery as stigma lingers.^[5]^[19] Tokue returns to the remote sanatorium housing aging former patients, many of whom recount decades of forced isolation under Japan's pre-1996 leprosy policies, which mandated segregation even after effective treatments emerged in the 1940s.^[5]^[19] Sentaro, grappling with guilt, visits the facility with Wakana, witnessing the residents' resilient communal life and Tokue's serene acceptance of her circumstances, which deepens his understanding of her deliberate choice to infuse personal history into the anko through attentive stirring.^[5]^[27] Tokue entrusts Sentaro with the complete anko recipe and records a cassette tape expounding her philosophy: that beans, like wind-whispered voices from nature, encode stories of growth amid adversity, urging listeners to "hear" beyond surface appearances.^[27] Her death soon follows, symbolized by cherry blossoms scattering in renewal, yet her influence persists as Sentaro persists in using her method despite initial solitude.^[5]^[27] Wakana, after a family relocation, returns to assist, and together they revive the shop; patrons gradually return, drawn by the authentic anko, signifying a tentative transcendence of prejudice through shared craft and quiet defiance.^[5]^[19] The film closes on Sentaro perceiving Tokue's ethereal guidance in the wind and ingredients, affirming individual agency over institutional scars.^[27]

Cast and Performances

Lead Actors

Kirin Kiki portrays Tokue, the enigmatic 76-year-old woman hired by the protagonist to prepare the sweet red bean paste for dorayaki pancakes, bringing a quiet intensity to the character's concealed history of Hansen's disease and her transformative influence on the shop's fortunes.^[9] Born Sohi Isayama in 1943 in Hokkaido, Kiki began her career as a child actress under the stage name before adopting Kirin Kiki, drawing from her favorite beer brand, and amassed over 60 film credits by 2015, often in roles emphasizing maternal or elder figures with understated emotional depth.^[8] Her depiction of Tokue earned praise for conveying sensory authenticity in the bean paste preparation scenes, underscoring the film's themes of hidden talents and societal exclusion.^[28] Masatoshi Nagase plays Sentarô, the debt-burdened owner of the struggling dorayaki stall whose initial reluctance gives way to personal growth through his collaboration with Tokue.^[9] Nagase, born in 1966 in Fukushima Prefecture, transitioned from modeling and music with the band Zap Mama to acting in the 1980s, gaining international notice for his role in Jim Jarmusch's Mystery Train (1989) and accumulating a diverse filmography spanning over 100 credits by 2015, frequently in introspective everyman parts.^[29] In Sweet Bean, his portrayal captures Sentarô's isolation and gradual awakening to interpersonal connections, aligning with the narrative's focus on redemption through shared craftsmanship.^[30]

Supporting Roles

Kyara Uchida plays Wakana, the teenage part-time worker at Sentaro's dorayaki shop who initially quits due to family pressures but returns to witness the impact of Tokue's involvement.^[31] Uchida's portrayal emphasizes Wakana's transition from detachment to empathy, highlighting the character's role in bridging generational gaps within the narrative.^[32] Miki Mizuno portrays Wakana's mother, whose reluctance stems from fears of contagion associated with Tokue's condition, mirroring societal stigmas depicted in the film.^[31] Mizuno's performance conveys maternal protectiveness without exaggeration, underscoring the interpersonal conflicts arising from historical prejudices.^[32] Etsuko Ichihara appears as Yoshiko, a longtime customer who shares insights into the institutional discrimination faced by Hansen's disease patients in Japan, providing essential backstory to Tokue's experiences.^[31] Ichihara's understated delivery adds gravitas to these expository scenes, grounding the film's themes in documented historical realities.^[32] Miyoko Asada plays the shop owner's wife, a peripheral figure interacting with Sentaro in the context of his business struggles.^[31] Her brief role contributes to the depiction of Sentaro's isolated routine prior to Tokue's arrival.^[32]

Release and Distribution

Premiere and International Release

Sweet Bean had its world premiere at the 68th Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 2015, where it opened the Un Certain Regard section.^[33] The film was selected for its delicate exploration of human connections, drawing attention from international critics during the festival.^[33] In Japan, the film received a wide theatrical release on May 30, 2015, distributed domestically by the production partners.^[9] Internationally, Sweet Bean saw a limited theatrical release in the United States on March 18, 2016, handled by Kino Lorber.^[8] In the United Kingdom, it premiered theatrically on August 5, 2016, through distributors focusing on arthouse cinema.^[34] As a French-German-Japanese co-production, it also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2015, contributing to its gradual rollout in European markets.^[35]

Title Variations and Marketing

The Japanese title An (あん) directly references the sweet red bean paste essential to the film's narrative and culinary focus.^[36] For international distribution, the English-language title became Sweet Bean, a literal translation emphasizing the food motif to attract audiences, while some markets used Sweet Red Bean Paste for precision.^[37] In France, the title shifted to Les Délices de Tokyo (Tokyo Delights), drawn from the French edition of the source novel by Durian Sukegawa, as distributors deemed a direct reference to bean paste less marketable to local viewers.^[38] ^[39] Other localized variants include Una pastelería en Tokio in Spanish-speaking regions and Le ricette della signora Toku in Italy, adapting the story's elements of confectionery and character-driven drama for cultural resonance.^[40] ^[41] Marketing campaigns highlighted the film's gentle exploration of human connection through food, leveraging director Naomi Kawase's Cannes Film Festival premiere in the Un Certain Regard section on May 21, 2015, to build arthouse buzz.^[9] Trailers, such as the French version, showcased close-ups of dorayaki preparation to evoke sensory appeal and emotional warmth.^[42] In the United States, Kino Lorber promoted it upon its March 2016 limited release as a "warm and funny film about how to achieve a life well-lived," targeting festival circuits and food enthusiasts.^[43] Japanese promotion tied into the May 30, 2015, domestic release by associating the story with traditional wagashi sweets, fostering tie-in interest in recipes and cultural stigma discussions without aggressive commercial pushes.^[19] Overall, strategies avoided sensationalism of the leprosy theme, prioritizing Kawase's reputation for introspective cinema to draw niche audiences rather than broad mainstream appeal.^[13]

Themes and Historical Context

Discrimination Against Hansen's Disease Patients

The Leprosy Prevention Law, enacted in Japan in 1907 and revised in 1931 and 1953, mandated the compulsory isolation of individuals diagnosed with Hansen's disease (leprosy) in state sanatoriums, regardless of disease severity or curability, leading to the segregation of over 15,000 patients by the mid-20th century.^[44]^[45] This policy, justified by misconceptions of high contagiousness and incurability despite sulfone drugs rendering the disease treatable by the 1940s, enforced eugenic measures including forced sterilizations and abortions to prevent hereditary transmission—a notion later debunked as leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria, not genetics.^[46]^[47] Patients endured lifelong confinement, family separations, and social ostracism, with sanatoriums like Nagashima Aiseien functioning as de facto prisons until the law's repeal in 1996, after which the government acknowledged its human rights violations.^[48]^[49] Even post-repeal, societal stigma persisted, manifesting in employment barriers, housing denials, and public avoidance; for instance, former patients and their families reported discrimination in rentals and social interactions into the 2000s, fueled by residual fears of contagion despite Japan's negligible new cases (fewer than one annually since 2000).^[50]^[51] A 1998 class-action lawsuit by ex-patients resulted in a 2001 Supreme Court ruling ordering government compensation of approximately 7.4 million yen per plaintiff, recognizing the policy's role in perpetuating isolation and psychological trauma, though critics noted inadequate redress for ongoing prejudices.^[47]^[48] Surveys in the 2010s indicated that while awareness campaigns reduced overt bias, implicit discrimination lingered, with some sanatorium residents over 80 years old still confined voluntarily due to ingrained fears of reintegration.^[49] In Sweet Bean, director Naomi Kawase draws on this history through the character of Tokue, an elderly former sanatorium resident whose hiring at a dorayaki shop triggers customer boycotts upon rumors of her Hansen's disease history, mirroring real post-1996 incidents where employers faced backlash for employing recoverees.^[52]^[50] The film underscores causal links between state-enforced isolation and enduring social exclusion, portraying Tokue's bean paste expertise as a metaphor for suppressed agency amid stigma, while critiquing Japan's slow societal reckoning—evident in the 2001 court apology but incomplete in eradicating family-wide discrimination that affected even uninfected relatives.^[53]^[49] This depiction aligns with patient-led activism via groups like Zen-Rokyo, which campaigned against the law's remnants, highlighting how empirical evidence of leprosy's low infectivity (requiring prolonged close contact) clashed with cultural fears rooted in pre-modern folklore.^[47]

Individual Agency and Redemption Through Craft

In Sweet Bean, Sentaro Hirano embodies initial stagnation, having served a prison term for stabbing his former boss and subsequently managing a dorayaki shop with indifferent efficiency, using mass-produced anko filling to minimize effort.^[5] His lack of agency manifests in a cycle of debt repayment and rote labor, until Tokue Yoshii, a 76-year-old former Hansen's disease patient, applies for work and reveals her superior handmade anko recipe, crafted through a sensory process of simmering azuki beans while attuned to their subtle "stories" and aromas.^[5] This collaboration elevates the shop's product, attracting queues of customers and compelling Sentaro to engage actively in the preparation, shifting his routine into a deliberate craft that restores purpose to his existence.^[5] Tokue's own agency emerges despite physical deformities from decades of untreated leprosy, which confined her to a sanatorium; she chooses to venture out, dismissing her gnarled hands as mere aesthetic hindrance—"They’re not really a problem, except how they look"—and insists Sentaro adopt her method or hire her outright.^[54] Through this manual labor, depicted in tactile close-ups contrasting rough skin with glossy paste, Tokue reclaims autonomy, transforming isolation into connective creation that indirectly redeems Sentaro by fostering his skill acquisition and business revival.^[54] The act symbolizes broader redemption, as the meticulous bean preparation—requiring patience to extract nuanced flavors—mirrors characters' paths from societal marginalization and personal inertia to self-realization via attentive work.^[5] Director Naomi Kawase frames this dynamic as an encounter unveiling "the very essence of existence," where craft circumvents societal mechanics of exclusion, allowing individuals like Sentaro and Tokue to assert will through everyday materiality rather than resignation.^[35] The film's emphasis on hands-on process underscores causal links between deliberate action and transformation, with Sentaro's griddle work evolving into a "sacred ritual" that counters his prior aimlessness.^[5] This theme aligns with the source novel's portrayal of culinary skill as a vehicle for healing exclusion's wounds, though the adaptation heightens visual intimacy to stress embodied agency.^[25]

Critiques of Sentimental Portrayal

Critics have faulted Sweet Bean for indulging in sentimental stereotypes, particularly in its depiction of the elderly leprosy survivor Tokue as an archetype of saintly resilience and redemptive wisdom, which borders on emotional manipulation. In a review of the film's Cannes premiere on May 14, 2015, the narrative was described as evoking exasperation through its "sentimentality and stereotype," rendering the story "insipid, contrived, solemn, and ever so slightly preposterous," with Tokue portrayed as "pretty well superhuman in her goodness and peaceful acceptance" in a manner that feels complacent rather than authentic.^[55] This critique highlights how the film's emphasis on Tokue's transformative influence via her artisanal bean paste recipe amplifies a feel-good resolution that glosses over the harsher realities of social stigma, prioritizing heartwarming clichés over nuanced causality. Upon its wider release, similar concerns persisted regarding the film's maudlin undertones. Film critic Joshua Brunsting characterized Sweet Bean as a "meditation on the admittedly maudlin idea of one’s need to stop and smell the cherry blossoms," suggesting that its core emotional arc—centering on personal awakening through simple culinary and interpersonal bonds—leans into overly saccharine motifs that risk undermining the historical gravity of leprosy discrimination.^[56] In the Guardian's UK review on August 4, 2016, Peter Bradshaw echoed this by labeling the film "sentimental" with an "insipid flavour" and a "contrived" plot that strains credulity, arguing that its life-affirming redemption feels formulaic and detached from empirical portrayals of isolation and prejudice.^[6] These observations underscore a perceived reliance on predictable emotional payoffs, where character growth via shared vulnerability and craft serves more as sentimental shorthand than rigorous exploration of agency amid systemic exclusion. While some reviewers acknowledge the potential for excess sentimentality inherent in the source novel's premise—a dorayaki vendor's bond with a marginalized elder—the execution under Kawase's direction has been seen by detractors as insufficiently restrained, amplifying weepy tropes without deeper causal substantiation from historical records of Hansen's disease patients' experiences.^[57] This approach, critics contend, risks diluting the film's thematic ambitions on redemption and stigma into manipulative pathos, favoring audience catharsis over unflinching realism.

Reception and Analysis

Commercial Performance

Sweet Bean, released in Japan on May 30, 2015, grossed ¥307 million (approximately $2.56 million USD) at the domestic box office, placing it outside the top ranks among Japanese films that year but indicating a respectable performance for an independent drama.^[58] The film's production budget was estimated at ¥234 million, suggesting it achieved profitability in its home market alone through ticket sales.^[9] Internationally, the film earned $124,800 in the United States and Canada following its limited release on March 18, 2016, with an opening weekend of $4,630.^[59] Additional earnings came from select markets, including $34,844 in Brazil and $8,340 in Argentina, contributing to a worldwide gross of approximately $4.73 million.^[59] While not a blockbuster, these figures reflect steady interest driven by festival buzz, including its Cannes premiere, and successful pre-sales to distributors across multiple territories, marking it as an unexpected commercial win for director Naomi Kawase's introspective style.^[60]

Critical Responses

Sweet Bean received generally positive reviews from critics, earning an 84% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 58 reviews, with a consensus praising its emotional depth and performances despite occasional sentimentality.^[8] On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 60 out of 100 from 16 critics, indicating mixed to positive reception, with reviewers highlighting its delicate storytelling anchored by strong acting. Critics frequently commended the performances, particularly Kirin Kiki's portrayal of Tokue, the elderly woman with Hansen's disease whose wisdom transforms the protagonist's life; RogerEbert.com's Odie Henderson awarded three out of four stars, noting Kiki's role as a standout in a film that effectively captures seasonal changes and quiet emotional resonance.^[5] Similarly, The New York Times designated it a Critic's Pick, with Glenn Kenny scoring it 90/100 for its compassionate handling of heartbreak and hope, crediting the beautiful cinematography and acting ensemble.^[61] However, some reviewers critiqued the film's sentimental tone and contrived elements. The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw described it as "insipid, contrived, sentimental, and ever so slightly preposterous," despite acknowledging its technical polish, arguing that the narrative's sweetness overwhelms its substance.^[6] Metacritic aggregates echoed this divide, with one review calling it a "delicate little fable" that relies heavily on Kiki's veteran presence to compensate for its slightness.^[62] Director Naomi Kawase's stylistic emphasis on sensory details, such as the preparation of anko bean paste, drew praise for evoking taste and texture but criticism for prioritizing aesthetics over dramatic tension.^[56]

Accolades and Awards

Kirin Kiki received the Best Performance by an Actress award for her role as Sentaro's employee Tokue at the 9th Asia Pacific Screen Awards in Brisbane, Australia, on November 30, 2015.^[63] The film also secured the Audience Award for Best Foreign Feature Film at the 39th São Paulo International Film Festival in October 2015.^[30] In Japan, Kiki won the Best Actress award at the 30th Hochi Film Awards, announced on December 3, 2015.^[7] Director Naomi Kawase earned recognition for her work, including a nomination for Best Director at the same Hochi Film Awards.^[7] Overall, Sweet Bean accumulated 7 wins and 8 nominations across various festivals and ceremonies, with additional honors at events such as the Haifa International Film Festival and Valladolid International Film Festival.^[7]^[64]

Influence on Awareness of Leprosy Stigma

The film Sweet Bean, released on May 30, 2015, in Japan, has been credited with heightening public discourse on the enduring stigma surrounding Hansen's disease (leprosy) by centering the narrative on Tokue, an elderly former patient ostracized due to her past diagnosis and institutionalization.^[65] Director Naomi Kawase conducted on-site research at national sanatoriums, including Tama Zensho-en, securing cooperation from residents to authentically portray the isolation and discrimination enforced under Japan's former leprosy prevention laws, which mandated segregation until their repeal in 1996.^[19] This approach grounded the film's depiction in verifiable historical realities, such as forced sterilizations and family separations, prompting viewers to confront the long-term psychological and social repercussions for survivors.^[50] Academic evaluations have judged the film's cultural influence as substantial, particularly in elucidating the lived experiences of Hansen's disease patients and challenging persistent societal prejudices through themes of sensory perception and human connection.^[65] For instance, post-release symposiums on family impacts of the disease referenced Sweet Bean alongside broader national efforts to address stigma, indicating its role in integrating personal stories into educational and advocacy contexts.^[66] Actress Kirin Kiki, who portrayed Tokue, publicly expressed personal remorse for prior ignorance of patients' ordeals after immersing in the role, reflecting how the production process itself amplified insider perspectives on discrimination.^[67] While direct metrics like surveys on attitude shifts are unavailable, the film's adaptation of Durian Sukegawa's novel—initially rejected by multiple publishers due to its sensitive subject—facilitated wider accessibility to narratives of redemption amid stigma, contributing to ongoing media representations that counter historical erasure.^[68] Critics and scholars note that by humanizing affected individuals without sensationalism, it fostered empathy, aligning with global efforts to eliminate discrimination as outlined in UN resolutions, though Japan's context emphasizes reconciliation with pre-2001 legal apologies and compensations.^[69]

Comparisons to Director's Oeuvre

Sweet Bean aligns with Naomi Kawase's longstanding exploration of human isolation and reconnection through sensory and natural elements, a motif evident in films like Still the Water (2014), which similarly intertwines personal loss with the rhythms of rural landscapes.^[22] Kawase's films often blend narrative fiction with a documentary-like intimacy, emphasizing tactile processes—such as the meticulous preparation of bean paste in Sweet Bean—that symbolize emotional labor and redemption, paralleling the manual gestures in Radiance (2017) and True Mothers (2020), where hands represent legacy and vulnerability.^[54] The film's focus on stigma and quiet transcendence echoes Kawase's earlier works, including The Mourning Forest (2007), where bereavement and caregiving foster unexpected bonds amid natural settings, though Sweet Bean shifts toward societal exclusion via Hansen's disease rather than familial grief.^[18] Unlike her semi-autobiographical debut Suzaku (1997), which draws from personal rural upbringing to probe generational tensions, Sweet Bean adapts a novel by Durian Sukegawa, introducing a more accessible, food-centered narrative while retaining Kawase's poetic naturalism and avoidance of overt melodrama.^[70] Kawase's directorial style in Sweet Bean—characterized by close-up cinematography on everyday rituals and a reverence for organic textures—mirrors her broader oeuvre's "dispassionate yet cathartic" gaze, as seen in the ethereal visuals of Shara (2003), but here applied to urban-rural interfaces for a grounded critique of conformity.^[6] ^[71] This accessibility marks Sweet Bean as one of her more commercially oriented efforts compared to the introspective, less plot-driven Still the Water, yet it upholds her thematic consistency in portraying life's "unflattering" facets through beauty in the mundane.^[13]^[72]

References

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Zoete Boon - Indiecinema
"Sweet Bean" is a 2015 Japanese drama film directed by Naomi Kawase, who also wrote the screenplay. The film is based on the novel "An" by Durian Sukegawa. It ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Sweet Bean - TIFF
Adapted from the novel by Durian Sukegawa, the 2015 Festival selection from Naomi Kawase (whose other TIFF films include Still the Water, Vision, ...Missing: awards | Show results with:awards
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Burdened with a heavy and ever-increasing debt, a dorayaki baker hires a kind ageing woman, after tasting her delicious surprise.
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[PDF] SWEET BEAN - AWS
Short Synopsis: Sentaro runs a small bakery that serves dorayakis - pastries filled with sweet red bean paste. When an old lady, Tokue, offers to help in ...Missing: plot summary
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Sweet Bean movie review & film summary (2016) | Roger Ebert
Rating 3/4 · Review by Odie HendersonMar 18, 2016 · Her latest film, “Sweet Bean,” which competed in last year's Un Certain Regard section at Cannes, is getting a bigger U.S. release than any of ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
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Aug 4, 2016 · The film has an impeccable technical finish but it is insipid, contrived, sentimental, and ever so slightly preposterous.
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Naomi Kawase in Hanezu (2011) · 2015 Winner Best Director. Best Director. Naomi Kawase · Naomi Kawase in Hanezu (2011) · 2015 Nominee Golden Spike. Best Film.
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Sweet Bean | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 84% (58) A baker's (Masatoshi Nagase) business takes off when he hires an eccentric 76-year-old woman (Kirin Kiki) who specializes in making dorayaki pancakes.
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Sweet Bean (2015) - IMDb
Rating 7.4/10 (13,828) Burdened with a heavy and ever-increasing debt, a dorayaki baker hires a kind ageing woman, after tasting her delicious surprise.
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Nov 24, 2018 · Japanese Title: あん (An) Author: Durian Sukegawa (ドリアン助川) Translators: Alison Watts Publication Year: 2013 (Japan); 2017 (United States)
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'Sukegawa – enabled by Watts's lucid translation – tells an endearing, thoughtful tale about relationships and the everyday meaning of life... Readers in ...
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Oct 6, 2018 · Author Durian Sukegawa says he wrote Sweet Bean Paste as an attempt to explore “the meaning of life with a fresh perspective”. The result is a ...<|separator|>
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Film of the week: Sweet Bean | Sight and Sound - BFI
Aug 3, 2016 · ... adapting someone else's work rather than developing an original story: the source material is the novel An by Sukegawa Durian, which deals ...
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Mar 22, 2016 · Written and Directed by Naomi Kawase, based on the novel by Durian Sukegawa Produced by Masa Sawada and Yoshito Oyama Released by Kino ...
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May 14, 2015 · A soft-centered ode to the virtues of patience, tolerance and bean-filled pancakes that is easily her most accessible film to date.
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'Sweet Bean' offers tender lessons in life, love and, of course, food
the Japanese word for the red bean paste that's sandwiched between ...
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May 14, 2015 · He decides to take her on when he tastes her delicious sweet red bean paste. ... This is why, throughout shooting, the actors were acting without ...
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Jul 11, 2023 · Naomi Kawase's journey through her family history began with 1992's ... Although the film is fiction, in SWEET BEAN (2015) the elderly ...<|separator|>
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[20]
Sweet Bean | Palm Springs International Film Festival
Sweet Bean. Directed by Naomi Kawase Japan | 113 minutes | Modern Masters ... film details. Director: Naomi Kawase. Producers: Masa Sawade, Koichiro ...Missing: movie | Show results with:movie
[21]
Sweet Bean [An] - Eureka Entertainment
Struggling street food vendor Sentaro finds himself confronted with Tokue (Kirin Kiki), an odd but sympathetic elderly lady looking for work.<|separator|>
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Where to begin with Naomi Kawase | BFI
Sep 13, 2020 · Naomi Kawase during filming of Sweet Bean (2015). She began her career with a series of experimental documentaries exploring her own familial ...
[23]
Last Night I Watched: 'Sweet Bean' - The Boar
Nov 15, 2020 · Based on the book Sweet Bean Paste by Durian Sukegawa, Sweet Bean follows the story of a dorayaki baker and his shop.
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Sweet Bean / An / (2015) - Japanonfilm
Nov 13, 2024 · Unusually, this was adapted from a novel by Durian Sukegawa, not an original script by Kawase. Kirin Kiki, Kore-eda's favorite grandmother ...
[25]
Sweet Bean Paste | Summary, Analysis - SoBrief
Rating 4.5 (36) Jul 28, 2025 · One spring day, an elderly woman named Tokue, with gnarled hands and a gentle smile, asks for a job. Sentaro is reluctant, put off by her age ...
[26]
Sweet Bean (Film) - TV Tropes
The story revolves around one's freedom to make choices in life and acceptance of the consequences that come with them.Missing: plot summary
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Sweet Bean | Film Review - Spirituality & Practice
A heart-affecting Japanese drama about the marvels of cooking, the wonders of nature, and the spiritual legacy of a wise old woman. 2016 S&P Award Winner ...
[28]
Cannes Review: Naomi Kawase's Un Certain Regard Contender 'An'
May 14, 2015 · The result is that "An" just doesn't move in the way that the material might suggest, despite the best efforts of the actors (Kirin Kiki is ...
[29]
Sweet Bean | Cast and Crew - Rotten Tomatoes
Discover the cast and crew of Sweet Bean on Rotten Tomatoes. See actors, directors, and more behind the scenes. Explore now!
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Sweet Bean (2015) - MUBI
Gentle and absorbing throughout, the film features a beautifully controlled performance by the late Japanese actor Kirin Kiki. Trailer. Sweet Bean is not ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
[31]
Sweet Bean (2015) - Full cast & crew - IMDb
Sweet Bean (2015) - Cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more.Missing: details | Show results with:details
[32]
https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/319373/cast
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AN (Sweet Bean) - Festival de Cannes
May 14, 2015 · Sentaro runs a small bakery that serves dorayakis - pastries filled with sweet red bean paste (“an”). When an old lady, Tokue, ...
[34]
Sweet Bean - Independent Cinema Office
Naomi Kawase's (The Mourning Forest) graceful, delicate and compassionate ... Release Date. 5 August 2016. Join the mailing list. Be first to hear about ...
[35]
None
### Summary of Naomi Kawase's Statements and Synopsis Elements
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Sweet Bean - AsianWiki
An older woman, Tokue (Kirin Kiki), is hired to work the Dorayaki store. She makes the sweet red bean paste that fills the dorayaki.Missing: summary | Show results with:summary
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An | 4:3
Dec 2, 2015 · Naomi Kawase's AN comes out more lilting than outright boring – in ... Foot Notes. The title's English translation is also 'Sweet Red Bean Paste'.
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Sweet Bean (An, Japan-France-Germany 2015)
Aug 11, 2016 · This is the first time Naomi Kawase has adapted a novel, I think. Many Japanese films are literary adaptations and Durian Sukegawa's novel ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[39]
Les délices de Tokyo (2015) - IMDb
Rating 7.4/10 (13,826) Les délices de Tokyo ... Un boulanger engage une gentille femme âgée après avoir goûté à ses délicieuses pâtisseries traditionnelles. Petit à petit, elle le ...
[40]
Sweet Bean (2015) - Naomi Kawase - Letterboxd
Rating 3.9 (26,662) The master of a dorayaki pastry store hires a 76-year-old woman whose talents attract customers from all over. But she's hiding a troubling secret.
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あん [Sweet Bean] - Rate Your Music
Rating 3.4 (439) Alternate titles. Sweet Bean (tr/en); An (tl/ja); Les délices de Tokyo (tr/fr); An (tr/en); Kirsikkapuiden alla (tr/fi); Le ricette della signora Toku (tr/it) ...<|separator|>
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An / Les Délices de Tokyo (2016) - Trailer English Subs - YouTube
May 13, 2015 · An / Les Délices de Tokyo (2016) - Trailer English Subs. 73K views ... あん (Sweet Bean): Regaining Happiness. iklelele•5.9K views · 12:40.Missing: title | Show results with:title
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'Midnight Special' & 'The Bronze' Ready For Open - Specialty Preview
Mar 18, 2016 · “Sweet Bean is a warm and funny film about how to achieve a life well-lived,” commented Wendy Lidell, Kino Lorber's recently appointed SVP of ...
[44]
Former Hansen's disease patients shed light on history of ...
Jul 7, 2025 · The Japanese government maintained a forced segregation policy for nearly 90 years until the Leprosy Prevention Law was abolished in 1996.
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Survey in Japan Reveals Discrimination Against Hansen's Disease ...
Jun 17, 2024 · Since the early twentieth century, the Japanese government has adopted a policy of isolation for persons infected with the disease, forcing them ...
[46]
A History of Hansen's Disease in Japan: the Isolation Policy as a ...
Jun 28, 2017 · One of the discriminatory practices Hansen's disease patients had to endure for decades, was the application of eugenic measure, most prominent ...
[47]
The Long Journey of the Hansen's Disease Recoverers
When the Leprosy Prevention Law was repealed in 1996, the Japanese state admitted that the law violated the human rights of those with the Hansen's disease.
[48]
About Issues related to leprosy | The National Hansen's Disease ...
In 1998, former leprosy patients filed a lawsuit for compensation from the government, claiming that the Leprosy Prevention Law was a violation of Japan's ...
[49]
Visiting Japan's First Leprosy Sanatorium: A Dark History of ...
Jul 31, 2025 · Because leprosy was once mistakenly believed to be hereditary, patients' families often faced discrimination. Many were too afraid of public ...
[50]
Hansen's Disease in Japan: The Lingering Legacy of Discrimination
Aug 17, 2016 · Twenty years have passed since the repeal of the law mandating isolation of Hansen's Disease (leprosy) patients in Japan.
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Japanese leprosy patients continue to fight social stigma - The Lancet
“The attitude of the hotel in Kumamoto shows that discrimination towards Hansen's sufferers is still widespread”, says Michio Miyasaka, associate professor of ...Missing: modern | Show results with:modern
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Director Kawase disregards criticism of her sentimental leprosy ...
Jun 3, 2015 · The reception for her latest film, "An," exemplifies the sort of extreme reactions Kawase inspires. After more than two decades of making movies ...<|separator|>
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Sweet Bean Paste by Durian Sukegawa - The Bookish Elf
Aug 8, 2024 · Sukegawa delves into Japan's painful history of discrimination against Hansen's disease (leprosy) patients, exploring how societal prejudice ...
[54]
The Matter of Manual Traces: Letters, Photographs and Bean Paste ...
Sep 14, 2022 · This article explores the representation of the hand in three recent fiction films by Naomi Kawase: Sweet Bean (2015), Radiance (2017) and ...
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An review - Naomi Kawase's dessert-filled film is too insipid to swallow
May 14, 2015 · The film has an impeccable technical finish, but it is insipid, contrived, solemn, and ever so slightly preposterous.Missing: themes | Show results with:themes
[56]
Joshua Reviews Naomi Kawase's Sweet Bean [Theatrical Review]
Mar 19, 2016 · Shigeki Akiyama is the real star of this film, a first-time cinematographer who shoots Sweet Bean within an inch of its life. ... maudlin idea of ...
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An [Sweet Bean] Blu-ray review | Cine Outsider
Aug 17, 2016 · The blossom also provides a thematic conclusion to a film that gives us only tantalising hints of what lays ahead for Sentarô and Wakana, ...
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Japanese Box Office For 2015
Gross · Theaters · Total Gross · Release Date, Distributor, Estimated. Rank, Release ... Sweet Bean, -, -, -, $2,550,604, 97, $2,562,291, May 30, -, false. 88 ...
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Sweet Bean (2015) - Box Office Mojo
Lifetime Gross, Rank. Domestic, 1, $124,800, 12,716. LATAM, # Releases, Lifetime Gross, Rank. Brazil, 1, $34,844, 3,582. Argentina, 1, $8,340, 4,046. Latest ...Missing: film | Show results with:film
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Toronto: Naomi Kawase's 'An' Cooks Up Sales Success - Variety
Sep 9, 2015 · Japanese director Naomi Kawase's bittersweet drama “An” has become a surprising international sales success.
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Review: In 'Sweet Bean,' a Delicacy Unites a Vendor and an Old ...
Mar 17, 2016 · Review: In 'Sweet Bean,' a Delicacy Unites a Vendor and an Old Woman ... Sweet Bean,” a new film directed by Naomi Kawase. Image. Kirin Kiki ...
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Sweet Bean critic reviews - Metacritic
It's a delicate little fable that creeps up on you. It seems slight at first, but it's held together by a performance from the veteran actress Kirin Kiki, ...
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An - Asia Pacific Screen Awards
Kirin Kiki, Masatoshi Nagase. Film Synopsis. Winner, Best Performance by an Actress, 2015. The sweet red bean jam called an is the lifeblood of the little ...
[64]
Sweet Bean Reviews - Metacritic
Rating 60% (16) Mar 18, 2016 · It's a visceral and multi-sensorial experience - you can almost smell and taste what you see - without everything becoming too overwhelming. The ...
[65]
[PDF] 26770077 研究成果報告書
For specific discussion I take up the Japanese film titled An (Sweet Bean), released in 2015, and, ... 影響力は大きかったと判断できる。 ... 「ハンセン病経験者の映画 ...
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[PDF] ハンセン病に関する「親と子のシンポジウム」 - 人権ライブラリー
だとすれば、何か. になれなくても、私達には生きる意味があるのよ。」「あん」ウェブサイト http://an-movie.com/ ... 映画もさることながら、日本中でハンセン病問題 ...
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樹木希林さんが「知らなかった自分を恥じました」と語った
Sep 17, 2018 · 樹木さんは映画『あん』で、ハンセン病の元患者を演じた。 ... 9月15日に75歳で亡くなった、女優の樹木希林さん。 ... 5年前に全身のがんであることを告白。
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The Saga of Sweet Bean Paste: A Conversation with Alison Watts
Apr 16, 2022 · The end result was Sweet Bean Paste. Hansen's disease was touchy subject matter and the novel was rejected by many publishers. Poplar Publishing ...Missing: perception | Show results with:perception
[69]
https://brill.com/display/book/9789004420182/BP000004.xml
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191. Japanese director Naomi Kawase's “An” (Sweet Bean/Sweet ...
Apr 15, 2016 · Only two Kawase films are adapted from novels, Sweet Bean/ Sweet Red Bean Paste and Hanezu (2011). Only one of her eight feature films—Nanayo ( ...
[71]
Sweet Bean: Naomi Kawase Hits the Middlebrow Sweet Spot
Mar 14, 2016 · Sweet Bean Directed by Naomi Kawase Opens March 18 at Lincoln Plaza. At Cannes, a festival not known for its friendliness towards female ...
[72]
https://www.theboar.org/2020/11/sweet-bean-a-delicious-treat-for-foodies/