Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Tamar

Tamar (c. 1160 – 18 January 1213), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the queen regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, the first woman to rule the kingdom in her own right and the only one to hold the masculine title of mepe ("king"). Her reign marked the zenith of the Georgian Golden Age, characterized by military conquests that expanded the realm from the Black Sea to Lake Van and the cultural flourishing of Georgian Orthodox Christianity, literature, and architecture under her patronage. As daughter and successor of King George III, Tamar consolidated power amid noble opposition by appointing loyal figures like the msakhurtuqtuhsesi (grand vizier) Qubasar and fostering alliances through her marriages first to the exiled Rus' prince Yuri Bogolyubsky, whom she divorced for cruelty, and then to the Ossetian noble David Soslan, who supported her campaigns. Key achievements included decisive victories against the Seljuk Turks and Elmoghlu at Basian in 1203, which secured eastern frontiers, and the subjugation of western Georgia, culminating in her proclamation as "King of Kings and Queen of Queens" over diverse ethnic groups. Venerated by the Georgian Orthodox Church as Saint Tamar the King for her piety and defense of Orthodoxy, her legacy endures in medieval chronicles like those of Basil I, though later Mongol invasions eroded the empire she built.

Etymology

Origin and meaning

The name Tamar originates from the Hebrew noun תָּמָר (tāmār), denoting the date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera), a resilient species central to arid environments of the ancient Near East. This etymological root reflects Semitic linguistic patterns, where the term ties directly to the tree's practical and cultural roles, with earliest attestations as a personal name in Hebrew biblical texts dating to approximately the 10th–6th centuries BCE. In ancient Near Eastern societies, including Mesopotamian and Levantine cultures, the date palm embodied symbols of fertility due to its prolific fruit production, sustenance from its edible dates and versatile byproducts like fiber and sap, and resilience as a "tree of life" thriving in desert oases despite harsh conditions. These attributes underscored motifs of survival, prosperity, and upright growth, influencing its adoption as a name evoking endurance and vitality rather than abstract virtues. The name's usage extended within Jewish traditions, where it persisted as a feminine given name symbolizing grace and abundance, and spread to other cultures via Semitic and biblical influences, including Georgian and Armenian contexts, retaining the palm-derived connotation without significant phonetic alteration. Etymological derivations remain anchored in proto-Semitic roots for the palm, with no evidence of unrelated homonyms altering the core botanical meaning across these traditions.

People

Biblical figures

In the Hebrew Bible, the name Tamar appears in connection with three women, each associated with the tribe of Judah or the Davidic line. The first and most prominent is Judah's daughter-in-law, introduced in Genesis 38. She was initially married to Judah's firstborn son Er, whom the Lord put to death for his wickedness. Following levirate custom, Judah then gave her to his second son Onan, who refused to fulfill the duty of providing offspring for his deceased brother and was also slain by the Lord. Judah promised his third son Shelah to Tamar but delayed, fearing his death; Tamar, perceiving she would not receive him, disguised herself as a prostitute at Enaim and seduced Judah, who did not recognize her. She conceived twins, Perez and Zerah; Perez, born first despite Zerah emerging initially, became an ancestor of King David through the Judahite lineage detailed in Ruth 4:18-22 and 1 Chronicles 2:4-15, and is listed in the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1:3. A second Tamar appears as the daughter of King David by Maacah, full sister to Absalom and half-sister to Amnon, noted for her beauty in 2 Samuel 13:1. Amnon, consumed by desire, feigned illness to lure her into preparing food alone, then seized and raped her despite her protests and warnings of ensuing shame and familial scandal. Afterward, Amnon rejected her violently, compounding her violation; Tamar tore her ornate robe, placed ashes on her head, and cried out in distress, but David, upon hearing, was angered yet imposed no punishment on Amnon. Absalom, however, harbored Tamar quietly for two years before arranging Amnon's murder at a sheepshearing feast, citing the rape as justification and thereby initiating his own rebellion against David. The third Tamar, daughter of Absalom, is mentioned briefly in 2 Samuel 14:27 as one of his children born after his reconciliation with David; she is described as a woman of beautiful appearance but plays no further role in the narrative.

Historical rulers and nobility

Queen Tamar of Georgia ruled from 1184 to 1213, ascending as co-ruler with her father George III in 1178 before assuming sole power upon his death. Her reign marked the zenith of the Kingdom of Georgia's territorial extent and military prowess, with armies under commanders like the Zakarian brothers conducting campaigns that subdued Eldiguzid forces, successors to the Seljuks, and secured victories such as the reconquest of regions in Greater Armenia by 1201. Between 1194 and 1204, Georgian forces crushed renewed Seljuk incursions from the south, expanding control into southwestern Transcaucasia, including parts of Armenia and Azerbaijan, through decisive engagements like the 1195 defeat of a Muslim coalition. These operations centralized authority, repelled chronic threats from Muslim polities, and enabled economic stability via tribute and trade routes, fostering a period of relative security absent in neighboring Christian states facing similar pressures. Tamar's strategic appointments of Armenian-origin nobles, such as the Zakarians, integrated diverse military talents, yielding empirical gains in manpower and local loyalty for sustained offensives. Her policies emphasized Orthodox Christian consolidation, with patronage extending to monastic foundations and defenses against Islamic expansionism, as evidenced by fortified ecclesiastical sites built during her era. This approach not only preserved Georgian cultural identity amid encirclement by Turkic and Persian powers but also amplified soft power through alliances and missionary efforts in annexed territories. Culturally, Tamar sponsored a renaissance in Georgian literature and architecture, commissioning illuminated manuscripts and structures like monasteries that embodied Orthodox aesthetics and royal legitimacy. The epic The Knight in the Panther's Skin by Shota Rustaveli, dedicated to her, reflects courtly ideals of chivalry and piety that aligned with her governance, promoting literacy and moral cohesion in a multi-ethnic realm. Posthumously canonized as Saint Tamar by the Georgian Orthodox Church for her piety and just rule, she exemplifies pre-modern nobility where leadership efficacy derived from tactical acumen and institutional reinforcement rather than nominal titles. No other pre-modern figures named Tamar with comparable documented rulership or noble influence appear in historical records, underscoring her singular prominence.

Modern notable individuals

Tamar Braxton (born March 17, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and television personality known for her work in R&B music and reality television. She rose to prominence as part of the family group The Braxtons, which signed with Arista Records in 1990, before launching a solo career with albums such as Tamar (2000) and Love and War (2013), the latter featuring the Billboard Hot 100 top-10 single "Love and War." Braxton has received Grammy nominations, BET Awards, and Soul Train Music Awards for her contributions to contemporary R&B. In television, she starred in shows like Braxton Family Values (2011–2020) and Tamar & Vince (2012–2017), and won Celebrity Big Brother Season 2 in 2019 with a unanimous 9-0 jury vote, becoming the first African American to win a U.S. edition of the series. Tamar Zandberg (born April 29, 1976) is an Israeli politician who has served as a member of the Knesset for the left-wing Meretz party since 2013. She chaired Meretz from 2018 to 2022 and held the position of Minister of Environmental Protection in Israel's 36th government from 2021 to 2022, focusing on climate change policies during her tenure. Prior to national politics, Zandberg was active in the 2011 Israeli social justice protests and served on the Tel Aviv city council. Meretz, under her influence, emphasized progressive stances on social equality and environmental issues, though the party faced electoral declines, failing to secure Knesset seats in the 2022 election.

Places

Natural features

The River Tamar in southwest England originates on the slopes of Woolworthy Down and flows 61 miles (98 km) southward, delineating most of the border between Devon to the east and Cornwall to the west before entering the Hamoaze estuary and Plymouth Sound. Its hydrology includes a mean annual freshwater discharge of 27 cubic meters per second and a tidal range averaging 3.5 meters in the estuary, supporting a turbidity maximum in upper reaches due to sediment dynamics. The river's course features varied gradients, with non-tidal upper sections exhibiting scour pools up to 18 meters deep and fluvial sands, transitioning to intertidal muds influenced by salinity stratification during tides. The associated Tamar Valley exhibits steep, incised terrain shaped by geological forces and past fluvial erosion, encompassing habitats targeted for biodiversity enhancement amid historical industrial pressures. Efforts documented in regional plans seek to expand wildlife habitats to 30% coverage by 2030, addressing declines linked to prior land use while preserving the valley's natural drainage patterns. In northern Tasmania, the Tamar River (kanamaluka) estuary has lost more than 50% of its tidal wetlands since European settlement in the early 19th century, with the majority of degradation occurring in upper reaches near Launceston due to land reclamation and hydrological alterations. A 2025 geospatial analysis by University of Tasmania researchers, commissioned by the Tamar Estuary and Esk Rivers Program, quantified these changes using historical mapping and satellite data, highlighting reduced native habitat extent and associated flood mitigation capacity without invoking unverified future projections. Tidal amplification increases from 2.34 meters at the mouth to 3.25 meters upstream, sustaining remaining wetland ecosystems amid ongoing nutrient pressures.

Settlements and administrative divisions

The Tamar Regional Council serves as an administrative division in Israel's Southern District, overseeing a vast 1,650 km² territory spanning the southern Dead Sea shore, Negev Desert, and Judean Desert fringes. Established in the mid-20th century to govern remote frontier areas post-independence, it coordinates local services for scattered communities amid arid conditions that limit dense settlement. The council administers five recognized Jewish settlements, including kibbutzim focused on agriculture and ecotourism, alongside unrecognized Arab Bedouin villages. As of recent estimates, the permanent population stands at approximately 2,300, evenly split between Jewish residents in formal communities and nomadic or semi-nomadic Bedouins in informal enclaves lacking full municipal infrastructure. This low density—under 2 persons per km²—reflects environmental constraints, with the area's strategic position facilitating border security and resource extraction oversight, though primary economic activity centers on date palm cultivation and visitor facilities drawing over 2 million annual tourists to sites like Ein Gedi. Administrative challenges include integrating disparate populations and addressing unrecognized village needs, as documented in regional governance reports. In India, Tamar functions as a community development block (CD block) within Ranchi District, Jharkhand state, comprising rural villages rather than urban centers. The 2011 Indian census recorded a total population of 95,551 across its gram panchayats, with a density supporting agrarian economies tied to tribal communities and small-scale farming. This subdivision aids in local governance, welfare distribution, and infrastructure like roads linking to Ranchi city, though it remains peripheral to major urban development.

Energy resources

The Tamar natural gas field lies in the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 90 kilometers west of Haifa, Israel, at depths exceeding 1,700 meters. Discovered in December 2010 by a consortium led by Noble Energy (now Chevron following its 2020 acquisition), the field holds proven and probable reserves estimated at around 10 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Chevron operates the field with partners including NewMed Energy and Delek Drilling, which hold significant stakes; in January 2025, Azerbaijan's SOCAR acquired a 10% interest to diversify regional energy ties. Production commenced in April 2013, initially supplying over 80% of Israel's domestic natural gas needs and reaching peak output of about 1.1 billion cubic feet per day. In February 2024, partners approved a two-phase expansion to boost capacity to 1.6 billion cubic feet per day, with both phases targeted for completion in 2025, supported by investments including $24 million from Chevron. This includes additional pipelines and compression facilities to handle increased volumes, enabling surplus exports while maintaining domestic supply stability amid regional conflicts. The field's development has markedly enhanced Israel's energy security, transforming the country from a net importer—reliant on over 70% foreign gas pre-2013—to a net exporter by 2020. Natural gas from Tamar and adjacent fields like Leviathan now accounts for nearly all domestic consumption, reducing vulnerability to supply disruptions and contributing an estimated 0.5-1% to annual GDP growth in early production years through royalties, taxes, and lowered energy costs. Exports via subsea pipelines to Egypt and Jordan have grown, with Tamar supplying volumes under long-term agreements; a 2024 deal tripled sales to Egypt, underpinning further expansions. By mid-2025, Israel resumed "surplus" exports to both neighbors post-security pauses, fostering economic interdependence and alliances, including with Azerbaijan via SOCAR's entry, while generating billions in revenue—such as NIS 2 billion in projected 2025 deals tied to Tamar output. Despite benefits, the project faced antitrust scrutiny in the mid-2010s over perceived monopoly risks from limited fields, leading to regulatory conditions for competition; environmental concerns include potential seismic activity from drilling, though mitigated by engineering standards, with no major incidents reported. Overall, empirical data indicate net positive impacts, as alternative import dependencies historically exposed Israel to price volatility exceeding gas field economics.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional characters

In Leigh Bardugo's Grisha Trilogy, particularly in Ruin and Rising (2014), Tamar Kir-Bataar appears as a Heartrender and twin sister to Tolya Yul-Bataar, serving as a crew member under the privateer Sturmhond (later revealed as privateer Nikolai Lantsov); she wields Corporalki abilities to manipulate internal bodily functions in combat and espionage scenarios central to the Ravkan civil war and fight against the Darkling. In the television series The Chosen (premiered 2017), Tamar is a fictional supporting character depicted as an Ethiopian woman from Heliopolis who encounters Jesus and demonstrates faith amid personal hardship, portrayed by Amber Shana Williams starting in season 3; her arc emphasizes themes of recognition and compassion beyond ethnic boundaries, distinct from canonical Gospel accounts. Mal Peet's young adult novel Tamar: A Novel of Espionage, Passion, and Betrayal (2005) features protagonist Tamar Hyde, a 15-year-old British girl in 1995 who inherits a diary revealing her grandfather's role in a Dutch World War II resistance cell; through interleaved narratives, she grapples with legacy, suicide, and moral ambiguities of wartime sabotage against Nazi occupation, culminating in her assumption of the "Tamar" codename tied to radio operations and betrayal.

Works and productions

Tamar, a young adult novel by British author Mal Peet, was published by Walker Books in 2005 and explores themes of espionage, betrayal, and family legacy during World War II, following a teenage girl named Tamar who deciphers her late grandfather's coded messages revealing his role in the Dutch resistance. The book received the Carnegie Medal for children's literature in 2005, recognizing its narrative depth and historical authenticity. In music, Tamar serves as the self-titled debut studio album by American R&B singer Tamar Braxton, released on March 21, 2000, via DreamWorks Records and featuring production from Missy Elliott and others, with tracks blending contemporary R&B and soul influences. The album debuted and peaked at number 127 on the US Billboard 200 chart, marking Braxton's initial foray as a solo artist outside her family group. Biblical retellings include The Rape of Tamar (1970), a historical novel by South African-British author Dan Jacobson, which dramatizes the assault on King David's daughter Tamar by her half-brother Amnon as recounted in 2 Samuel 13, examining power dynamics and familial tragedy in ancient Israel. More recently, Ahoti: A Story of Tamar (2024) by Miriam Feinberg Vamosh reimagines the same biblical narrative from Tamar's perspective, portraying her pursuit of justice and redemption amid court intrigue, with the title "Ahoti" meaning "my sister" in Hebrew to evoke solidarity.

Transportation and military

Naval vessels

The first HMS Tamar was a wooden-hulled troopship launched in 1863 for the Royal Navy, initially displacing 1,729 tons and measuring 210 feet in length, equipped with auxiliary steam engines and sails for troop transport during imperial operations. In 1897, she was hulked—permanently moored and stripped of propulsion—and stationed at Hong Kong as a receiving ship and depot for the China Station, supporting logistics, repairs, and personnel administration amid British colonial enforcement in East Asia, including opium trade regulation and anti-piracy patrols. She remained in this role through World War I, facilitating naval supply chains that sustained British presence against potential threats from imperial Japan and Tsarist Russia, until scuttled on 25 December 1941 during the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong to prevent capture, with her wreck later presumed located in Victoria Harbour. A later HMS Tamar (U33), originally the River-class frigate HMS Aire, was renamed in March 1946 while serving temporarily as an accommodation ship in Hong Kong post-World War II, reverting to her original name by December 1946 after shore facilities were established; she displaced 1,370 tons, armed with 4-inch guns and anti-submarine weaponry, but her Tamar designation was brief and administrative rather than operational. The current HMS Tamar (P233) is a Batch 2 River-class offshore patrol vessel commissioned into the Royal Navy on 17 December 2020 at HMNB Portsmouth, displacing 2,000 tons, with a length of 90.5 meters, diesel-electric propulsion for global deployment, and armament including a 30mm cannon for maritime security tasks. Built by BAE Systems for Indo-Pacific operations, she conducts freedom-of-navigation patrols, counter-piracy, and disaster relief, such as environmental protection visits to remote islands in 2024 and port calls in Bangladesh in 2023 to enhance bilateral naval ties. As of 2025, she remains in active service based in Bahrain or forward-deployed, contributing to UK strategic interests in contested waters without reported decommissioning.

Other uses

The Tamar Bridge is a suspension bridge crossing the River Tamar between Saltash in Cornwall and Plymouth in Devon, England, providing essential connectivity for vehicular traffic between the two counties. It opened to the public on 24 October 1961 and was formally dedicated by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother on 26 April 1962, at which time it was the longest suspension bridge of its type in the United Kingdom. Operations are managed by Tamar Crossings, with tolls levied exclusively on westbound journeys to fund maintenance, debt servicing, and improvements, including a major reconstruction starting in 1999 to accommodate heavier European Union vehicle weight standards. In the cultivation of date palms (Phoenix dactylifera), "tamar" designates the ultimate ripening phase of the fruit, wherein moisture content drops below 25%, sugar concentration rises to 70–80%, and the exterior darkens to brown, rendering it shelf-stable for extended storage and trade. This stage follows the softer rutab phase and is the form in which most commercial dry dates are harvested and consumed globally.

Other uses

References

  1. [1]
    Tamar of Georgia - World History Encyclopedia
    Jan 20, 2020 · Tamar was the queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213 CE. She is considered one of the greatest of medieval Georgia's monarchs.
  2. [2]
    A Brief History Of Georgia's Only Female King - Culture Trip
    Apr 6, 2021 · Queen Tamar, also known as Tamar the Great, ruled Georgia from 1184 to 1213, leading to the summit of the Georgian Golden Age.
  3. [3]
    Queen Tamar: The Confident Female Ruler of the Georgian Golden ...
    May 3, 2016 · Queen Tamar was a ruler of Georgia who lived between the 12th and 13th centuries AD. This monarch presided over what is today known as the Georgian Golden Age.
  4. [4]
    Inspiring Women in History: Middle Ages - Queen Tamar of Georgia
    Queen Tamar, also known as Tamar the Great, reigned in Georgia from 1184 to 1213 and is often regarded as the greatest monarch in the country's history.Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
  5. [5]
    Queen Tamar - Badass of the Week
    Queen Tamar of Georgia died in 1213, after having ruled competently and badassly over her people for 35 years. Her crown went to her daughter, Rusadan, who ...
  6. [6]
    King Tamar, the Caucasian Queen | Asian Geographic
    Mar 1, 2016 · The daughter of King George III and Queen Burdukhan of Georgia, Tamar was born in 1166. King George was concerned that he would be overthrown in ...
  7. [7]
    Queen Tamar of Georgia - The New Historia
    Queen Tamar, the Monarch of integrated Georgia, was named “The King of Kings and the Queen of Queens of Abkhaz, Georgians, Rans, Kakhs and Armenians.
  8. [8]
    Georgia's Legendary Queen - Tamar the Great - YouTube
    Dec 21, 2023 · Tamar the Great, also known as Tamar I, was a remarkable ruler who left an indelible mark on the history of Georgia during the medieval ...<|separator|>
  9. [9]
    The History of The Order of Saint Queen Tamar
    The Orthodox Church canonized Queen Tamar. Her innumerable virtues are famous: humility, meekness, wisdom, religiousness, love of neighbor and beauty. Saint ...
  10. [10]
    The amazing name Tamar: meaning and etymology
    From the noun תמר (tamar), palm tree. Related names: • Via תמר (tamar): Baal-tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Ir-hatamarim, Ithamar.Missing: תָּמָר | Show results with:תָּמָר
  11. [11]
    Meaning of the name Tamar
    Aug 4, 2025 · The name Tamar is a feminine name with Hebrew origins, meaning "date palm tree." In Hebrew, "tamar" (תָּמָר) directly translates to "date palm," a ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
  12. [12]
    Tamar Baby Name Meaning, Origin, Popularity Insights | Momcozy
    1. Tamar name meaning and origin. The name Tamar, with ancient Semitic origins, primarily derives from Hebrew (תָּמָר) where it means 'date palm' or 'palm tree.
  13. [13]
    Date palm: The cornerstone of civilisation in the Middle East and ...
    Mar 22, 2023 · 'The tree is mentioned several times in the Quran as a source of food and fibre, help in childbirth, providing shade and symbolising wisdom.
  14. [14]
    The Historical Symbolism and Significance of Dates - Bateel
    May 5, 2021 · Popularly referred to as the 'tree of life', ancient civilisations once looked to the date palm for life's necessities.
  15. [15]
    Topical Bible: The Palm-Tree: The Fruit of, Called Dates
    The palm tree, especially the date palm, symbolizes prosperity, fertility, abundance, uprightness, and righteousness in the Bible. Dates were a vital food ...
  16. [16]
    Tamar - Jewish Girl Baby Name Meaning - Kveller
    תָּמָר · Gender: Female · Origin: Biblical / Rabbinic Hebrew · Meaning: date palm, date · Potential Sibling Name: Rina. ,. Talia. ,. Ezra. ,. Itai · Theme: nature ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
  17. [17]
    Tamar - Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources
    Tamar f. ... Hebrew תָּמָר 'date palm'. The name of an Old Testament character, a 12th-13th C Georgian queen, a 13th C queen consort of Rum, ...
  18. [18]
    https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2038&version=NIV
  19. [19]
    Who was Perez in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org
    Jan 4, 2022 · In the biblical genealogies, Perez is listed as an ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ. The name Perez in Hebrew means “breach” or “he ...
  20. [20]
    https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%201&version=NIV
  21. [21]
    https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Samuel%2013&version=NIV
  22. [22]
    https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Samuel%2014%3A27&version=NIV
  23. [23]
    QUEEN TAMAR AND THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE GEORGIAN ...
    Aug 8, 2022 · Tamar was the eldest daughter of King George III (1156-1184). King George was grandson of the eminent King David the Restorer. He inherited his ...
  24. [24]
    (PDF) A Concise History of the Armenian People - Academia.edu
    Under Queen Tamar (1184-1213), the Zakarians, who commanded the Armeno-Georgian forces, succeeded in re conquering much of Greater Armenia. The Zakarians ...
  25. [25]
    Eldiguzids - Phersu Atlas
    January 1201: The question of liberation of Armenia remained of prime importance in Georgia's foreign policy. Tamar's armies led by two Armenian generals, ...
  26. [26]
    The Caucasus - A Historic Timelime Summary - TravelArk 2.0
    During 1194 - 1204, David's granddaughter Queen Tamar's armies crush new Seljuk invasions from the south. As a result of her military campaigns, Georgia becomes ...<|separator|>
  27. [27]
    [PDF] Georgian Diplomat_Queen Tamar - David Publishing
    The battles led by Tamar on the political arena or fights with swords were concluded with great victories of Georgia which is the merit of her as a smart.
  28. [28]
    Georgian Orthodox Church Role in Society | Gori News
    Sep 15, 2025 · Under Queen Tamar, the Church played a central role in Georgia's political and cultural golden age, supporting arts, education, and national ...
  29. [29]
    Queen Tamar of Georgia - PDP Foundation
    She remains an important symbol in Georgian popular culture and has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church as the Holy Righteous Queen Tamar with her ...
  30. [30]
    Courtly Love in the Caucasus: Rustaveli's Georgian Epic, The Knight ...
    Nov 13, 2012 · In Georgia a sovereign queen presided in the era of Georgia's greatest power, wealth and extent. ... It is Sovereign Queen Tamar to whom Rustaveli ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  31. [31]
    Tamar Braxton - IMDb
    Tamar Braxton was born on 17 March 1977 in Severn, Maryland, USA. She is a producer and actress, known for Being Mary Jane (2013), Christmas Angel (2023) and ...
  32. [32]
    Tamar Braxton - WBSS Media
    Braxton had her first big break in music in 1990 as a founding member of the American R&B singing group The Braxtons, formed with her sisters.
  33. [33]
    Tamar Braxton Biography | Booking Info for Speaking Engagements
    She has won a BET Award and three Soul Train Music Awards, and has been nominated for four Grammy Awards. Beyond these accolades, Braxton has demonstrated her ...
  34. [34]
    Tamar Braxton Wins Celebrity Big Brother Season 2 - People.com
    Feb 14, 2019 · Tamar Braxton became the first-ever black housemate to win the grand prize following the season 2 finale.
  35. [35]
    Tamar Zandberg - Jewish Virtual Library
    Tamar “Tami” Zandberg (Hebrew: תמר זנדברג‎, was born in Ramat Gan on April 29, 1976, the daughter of journalist Esther Zandberg and Yoel Zandberg, ...
  36. [36]
    Tamar Zandberg‏ - ‏Former Minister of Environment - LinkedIn
    Tamar Zandberg was the Environmental Protection minister in Israel's 36th government, 2021-2022. The focus of her term in the ministry was climate change ...
  37. [37]
    Meet the MK: Tamar Zandberg | The Jerusalem Post
    Feb 4, 2013 · After years as a Meretz parliamentary assistant and Tel Aviv city councilwoman, Zandberg hopes to use her experience and make changes on the national stage.
  38. [38]
    Politician Tamar Zandberg Is Born | CIE - Center for Israel Education
    April 29, 1976​​ Politician Tamar Zandberg of the left-wing Meretz party is born in Ramat Gan. She is first elected to the 19th Knesset in 2013, then wins a ...
  39. [39]
    A Fluid Border: The River Tamar and Constructed Difference in ...
    The Tamar is a relatively modest river. With a length of just 61 miles, and an average discharge at the upper tidal limit of just 807 cubic feet per second, it ...
  40. [40]
    Suspended sediment concentrations in the Tamar estuary
    The Tamar has a mean tidal range of 3.5 m and a mean annual discharge of 27 m3 s−1. A turbidity maximum is present in the upper reaches of the estuary during ...
  41. [41]
    Location of tidal observations along the River Tamar estuary.
    The fluvial sand reach displayed numerous, up to 18-m-deep scour pools. Grain-size distributions revealed distinct differences between the individual estuary ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  42. [42]
    [PDF] Nature Recovery Plan 2023-2030 - Tamar Valley National Landscape
    The plan aims to recover and enhance nature, reverse biodiversity decline, increase wildlife habitat to 30% by 2030, and improve habitat quality and ...
  43. [43]
    https://phys.org/news/2025-10-tamar-river-wetlands-lost-european.html
  44. [44]
    https://www.utas.edu.au/about/news-and-stories/articles/2025/more-than-half-of-tamar-river-wetlands-lost-since-european-settlement
  45. [45]
    [PDF] The Tamar River Estuary, illustrated in Figure 1, is formed at ...
    Tides in the Tamar Estuary are amplified in the upper reaches, with the mean tidal range gradually increasing from 2.34 metres at George Town to 3.25 metres at ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  46. [46]
    Water quality monitoring — Tamar Estuary and Esk Rivers Program
    The key findings from the 2024 reporting period are: High surface nutrients levels continue to impact water quality in zones 1 to 3, while in zones 4 and 5 ...
  47. [47]
    Tamar Regional Council (Municipality) - Mapy.com
    The Tamar Regional Council extends across southern Israel, in the Negev and Judean Deserts, along the Dead Sea. This vast area (1650 km²) is sparsely ...Missing: administrative | Show results with:administrative
  48. [48]
    Dead sea land
    About the Tamar Region​​ The Tamar Regional Council governs the southern end of the Dead Sea that spans an area of 1.650 km². Over 2,000.000 people from all over ...Missing: administrative | Show results with:administrative
  49. [49]
    Tamar Regional Council - Google Arts & Culture
    Tamar council has a permanent population of 2,300, half of which is Jewish and lives in five communities, and half of which is Arab living in unrecognized ...Missing: administrative | Show results with:administrative
  50. [50]
    [PDF] Local Government Reform and the Socioeconomic Gap in Israel
    SOURCE: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2018. NOTE: The Tamar Regional Council was subtracted from the analysis because it is an unrepresentative extreme point.<|separator|>
  51. [51]
    Tamar block - Wikipedia
    Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and Mahli (1.09). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) Tamar ...
  52. [52]
    Tamar Natural Gas Field - Offshore Technology
    Jun 7, 2024 · Noble Energy was the original operator of the field, which was acquired by Chevron in 2020. · The Tamar field is an offshore gas field located ...
  53. [53]
    Israel's Natural Gas Reserves Expand 40% as Production Ramps Up
    Jan 20, 2025 · The 330 square kilometer field was discovered in December 2010 by NewMed Energy (OTCPK:DKDRF), Chevron Corp.(NYSE:CVX) and Ratio Oil Corp.
  54. [54]
    SOCAR establishes subsidiary to participate in Tamar gas project off ...
    Apr 8, 2025 · As reported, on January 31, 2025, SOCAR signed a deal with Union Energy to acquire a 10% stake in the Tamar project, one of the largest offshore ...
  55. [55]
    SOCAR coming aboard Chevron's gas field offshore Israel
    Feb 5, 2025 · In October 2024, Chevron opted to delay its planned work on another natural gas field expansion project offshore Israel because of the Gaza ...
  56. [56]
    Israel Starts Tamar Gas Output in Energy-Independence Step
    Mar 30, 2013 · The flow from Tamar is expected to contribute about 1 percent to Israel's gross domestic product, the Bank of Israel said in a March 24 report, ...
  57. [57]
    Partners in Israel's Tamar gas field agree to further expand production
    Feb 18, 2024 · "Both phases of the Tamar expansion are scheduled for completion in 2025," it said. Tamar Petroleum, another partner in the project, said in a ...
  58. [58]
    Chevron (CVX) and Partners to Invest $24M in Tamar Gas Field
    Feb 22, 2024 · Chevron (CVX) is set to invest $24 million to bolster the natural gas production capacity of the Tamar gas field, off the coast of Israel.
  59. [59]
    Chevron partners greenlight $24m investment to boost gas ...
    Feb 18, 2024 · Energy firms approve second phase of project to expand natural gas production from Tamar field, after securing a new sales agreement for exports ...<|separator|>
  60. [60]
    Energy Resource Guide - Israel - Oil and Gas
    Once completely reliant on imports of oil and gas, Israel is now self-sufficient and an exporter of natural gas. The first significant find was the Tamar gas ...
  61. [61]
    Impact of Israeli Gas Field Has Been Hugely Underestimated, Says ...
    Dec 12, 2012 · The Tamar natural gas field could contribute as much as NIS 12 billion to Israel's gross domestic product in 2013, considerably more than the ...
  62. [62]
    Israel's Tamar: Chevron FIDs 1.6bn Cfd Expansion With Eg... - MEES
    Chevron and its partners have taken FID on increasing capacity at Israel's Tamar gas field to 1.6bn cfd with a deal to triple sales to Egypt ...
  63. [63]
    Israel starts export of 'surplus' gas to both Egypt, Jordan: ministry
    Jun 20, 2025 · According to the latest data published by the Joint Organizations Data Initiative, Egypt imported some 0.9 Bcm of gas from Israel in March 2025.
  64. [64]
    https://www.reuters.com/article/business/how-israel-turned-a-gas-bonanza-into-an-antitrust-headache-idUSKCN0RV4LL/
  65. [65]
    How Israel turned a gas bonanza into an antitrust headache - Reuters
    Oct 1, 2015 · In 2009, against expectations, Texas-based Noble Energy and Israel's Delek discovered the offshore Tamar gas field, a deposit about half the ...Missing: environmental | Show results with:environmental
  66. [66]
    Anti-trust in the Eastern Mediterranean - Atlantic Council
    Jan 23, 2015 · This anti-trust challenge is ill-founded. A policy solution that recognizes the inherent lack of competition in small gas markets and enables ...Missing: risks | Show results with:risks
  67. [67]
    Tamar Kir-Bataar - Grishaverse Wiki - Fandom
    Tamar Kir-Bataar is the twin sister of Tolya Yul-Bataar and a Heartrender. She is a former member of Sturmhond's crew. Later, Tamar becomes a member of the ...
  68. [68]
    Amber Shana Williams Reflects on Tamar's Journey in "The Chosen"
    Aug 14, 2024 · The fictional character Tamar stands out because she is not Jewish, but Jesus recognizes her precisely because of her faith. Many characters are ...
  69. [69]
    The Chosen: Fiction, Truth, or in Between? | Bible and Beyond Blog
    Dec 19, 2023 · These include an Ethiopian woman named Tamar, and Thomas's love interest, a vintner named Ramah, whom Mary Magdalene is teaching to read and ...
  70. [70]
    Tamar (novel) - Wikipedia
    Tamar Hyde, a fifteen-year-old girl who lives in London in 1995, is the protagonist in the novel. · Johannes van Zant (Yoyo), a Johannes, or Yoyo to Tamar, a ...Plot summary · Characters · Themes · Style
  71. [71]
    Tamar by Mal Peet - Penguin Random House Canada
    When her grandfather dies, Tamar inherits a box containing a series of clues and coded messages. Out of the past, another Tamar emerges, a man involved in the ...
  72. [72]
    Tamar by Mal Peet, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®
    In stock Free deliveryWinner of the Carnegie Medal, Tamar is Mal Peet''s astonishing novel about love, lies and secrets in a time of war. Mal Peet''s Carnegie Medal-winning novel.
  73. [73]
    Revisiting the Overlooked Debut Album from Tamar Braxton "Tamar"
    Sep 12, 2025 · Tamar Braxton's self-titled debut album, *Tamar*, was released on March 21, 2000, via DreamWorks Records and RedZone Entertainment.
  74. [74]
    Ahoti: A Story of Tamar: A Novel - Amazon.com
    A masterful retelling of Tamar's story of redemption, faith, healing, and justice ... The familiar Bible story ends with Tamar living “desolate” (2 Samuel ...
  75. [75]
    H.M.S. Tamar - Royal Navy Research Archive
    Admiralty dockyards and other military bases were built, especially during China's Second Opium War ... 1897, HMS Tamar became the N.D.S. for the R.N. base ...
  76. [76]
    Warships called Tamar | saltash.org
    In 1897 Tamar was hulked as a base ship and relieved HMS Victor Emmanuel as the Hong Kong receiving ship. She was used as a base ship until replaced by the ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  77. [77]
    Shipwreck in Hong Kong presumed to be famed warship HMS Tamar
    May 22, 2015 · In 1897 Tamar was hulked as a base ship and used as the Hong Kong receiving ship and served as the 'name' ship for R.N. headquarters until it ...Missing: gunboat | Show results with:gunboat
  78. [78]
    HMS Aire, frigate - Naval-History.net
    Renamed HMS TAMAR in March 1946 she carried out this role until shore accommodation became available in December that year and then reverted to her original ...
  79. [79]
    Not any old lion – Navy welcomes HMS Tamar into its family
    Dec 17, 2020 · The Royal Navy today welcomed HMS Tamar into the bosom Fleet, as for the fourth new River Class patrol ship was commissioned in Portsmouth.
  80. [80]
    UK Royal Navy commissions HMS Tamar offshore patrol vessel
    Dec 18, 2020 · The UK Royal Navy has commissioned the newest River-class Batch 2 offshore patrol vessel (OPV), HMS Tamar, during a ceremony in Portsmouth.Missing: decommissioning | Show results with:decommissioning
  81. [81]
    British Royal Navy ship HMS TAMAR visits Bangladesh - GOV.UK
    Jan 16, 2023 · On 15 January 2023, the Royal Navy's Offshore Patrol Vessel HMS TAMAR has arrived at the naval base in Chattogram, Bangladesh.
  82. [82]
    [DOC] HMS-Tamar-Protecting-a-Pacific-paradise-Feb-2024.docx
    Thunder shook paradise as the Royal Navy helped protect the environment of one of the most isolated islands on the planet. Patrol ship HMS Tamar spent five days ...
  83. [83]
    Surface Fleet - Royal Navy
    HMS Tamar (P233)​​ HMS Tamar is the fourth of five new Offshore Patrol Vessels built for duties around the globe. She's the greenest ship in the Navy thanks to ...
  84. [84]
    Our History | Tamar Crossings – Tamar Bridge & Torpoint Ferry
    The Bridge was opened to the public on 24th October 1961, and was formally opened by the Queen Mother on 26th April 1962 in a grand ceremony involving a fly- ...
  85. [85]
    Tamar Bridge marks 60th anniversary - BBC
    Oct 23, 2021 · It runs between Saltash in Cornwall and Plymouth in Devon and opened on 24 October 1961. Publicly owned, the toll road was the longest of its ...<|separator|>
  86. [86]
    Tamar Crossings | Connecting Devon & Cornwall
    The toll for the Tamar Bridge is payable one way, on the trip from Saltash (Cornwall) to Plymouth (Devon). We accept Card Payments on the Bridge.Tamar Bridge Tolls · Tamar Bridge · Tamar Bridge Weather... · TamarTag
  87. [87]
    Genome‐wide association of dry (Tamar) date palm fruit color
    Aug 24, 2023 · Tamar is the final stage of ripening, during which fruit water content is reduced to less than 25%, sugar content increases to 70%–80%, and the ...
  88. [88]
    Genome-wide association of dry (Tamar) date palm fruit color
    In this study, we used genome sequences and image data of 199 dry dates (Tamar) collected from 14 countries to identify genetic loci associated with the color ...