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BGI Group

BGI Group is a Chinese multinational corporation focused on genomics research, DNA sequencing services, and life sciences applications, originally established on September 9, 1999, as the Beijing Genomics Institute to participate in the International Human Genome Project. Headquartered in Shenzhen, the company has expanded into one of the world's largest genomics organizations, operating sequencing facilities that have contributed to over 50% of global genetic sequencing projects, including pioneering drafts of the silkworm and rice genomes. Its mission emphasizes leveraging genomics for human health benefits, with advancements in cost-effective sequencing technologies and collaborations yielding high-impact publications, such as topping the Nature Index for corporate life science research in the Asia-Pacific region. BGI Group has faced significant international controversies, particularly from U.S. authorities, who in 2020 and 2023 added its subsidiaries to export control entity lists citing national security risks, including allegations of enabling genetic surveillance, prenatal data collection for military purposes, and potential bioweapon development through access to foreign genetic information. The company has rejected these accusations, maintaining that its activities are civilian-oriented and do not involve data sharing with military entities. These restrictions reflect broader geopolitical tensions over biotechnology and data security, prompting legislative efforts in the U.S. to bar federal funding for entities linked to BGI.

History

Founding as Beijing Genomics Institute (1999–2006)

The Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) was established on September 9, 1999, in Beijing, China, as a non-profit research entity under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Founded by scientists including Wang Jian, Yang Huanming, Yu Jun, and Liu Siqi—many of whom had pursued advanced training abroad—the institute emerged amid China's nascent efforts to build domestic genomics capacity. Its primary objective was to contribute to the international Human Genome Project (HGP), a multinational public effort to sequence the human genome, reflecting a strategic push to integrate China into global scientific endeavors despite initial resource limitations.^[1]^[2]^[3] With modest startup funding and no access to the scale of Western sequencing infrastructure, BGI prioritized cost-effective, high-throughput methods and leveraged international collaborations within the HGP consortium, which involved researchers from six countries. The institute completed the framework sequencing for approximately 1% of the human genome and later contributed 10% to the International HapMap Project, aiding in mapping human genetic variation. These efforts underscored a bootstrapped approach, where operational efficiencies and shared data protocols compensated for financial constraints, fostering early expertise in whole-genome shotgun sequencing.^[1]^[4] BGI's foundational achievements in de novo sequencing quickly validated its capabilities. In 2002, it published a draft genome sequence of the indica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica, cultivar 93-11)—the variety predominant in China and Southeast Asia—in Science, culminating a project launched in 1999 with agricultural collaborators like Yuan Longping and Zhu Lihuang. This work, achieved via whole-genome shotgun assembly, demonstrated proficiency in handling complex plant genomes without prior reference sequences. Similarly, BGI advanced the sequencing of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome, releasing a draft in 2004 and publishing findings in Science, which highlighted its versatility in non-human model organisms and reinforced credibility in resource-limited environments.^[5]^[1]^[6]

Relocation to Shenzhen and Institutional Expansion (2007–2010s)

In 2007, BGI severed ties with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, transitioned to independent status as a private entity, and relocated its headquarters from Beijing to Shenzhen.^[7] This move was facilitated by a $12.8 million investment from the Shenzhen municipal government, which aimed to bolster the city's biotech ecosystem by providing superior infrastructure and proximity to manufacturing hubs.^[8] The relocation to a repurposed eight-story shoe factory enabled rapid operational scaling, marking BGI's evolution from a research-focused institute to a diversified genomics organization with enhanced state-backed support.^[9] The strategic shift coincided with aggressive investments in sequencing technology, including the acquisition of Illumina's HiSeq 2000 instruments. By 2010, BGI-Shenzhen had amassed 128 such sequencers, propelling it to become the world's largest genomics sequencing facility and processing millions of gigabases annually.^[10] This expansion capitalized on economies of scale, allowing BGI to offer sequencing services at costs far below those of Western providers—often under $5,000 per human genome—through high-throughput operations and optimized workflows.^[8] Institutional growth during this period included the establishment of commercial subsidiaries, such as BGI Genomics, which formalized low-cost sequencing as a core business line and undercut global competitors via volume-driven efficiencies.^[1] These developments were underscored by landmark projects demonstrating BGI's capabilities: the Giant Panda Genome Project, initiated in 2008, yielded the first de novo draft assembly of the species' 2.4 gigabase genome using solely next-generation sequencing, published in 2009.^[11] Similarly, in response to the 2011 German E. coli O104:H4 outbreak, BGI sequenced the pathogen's 5.2 million base-pair genome within days, revealing its enteroaggregative traits and Shiga toxin plasmid, which informed international containment efforts.^[12]

Key Milestones and Global Growth (2020s)

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, BGI Group developed and deployed Huo-Yan (Fire-Eye) mobile laboratories, enabling rapid nucleic acid testing with capacities exceeding 10,000 samples per day per unit, and supported detection efforts in over 80 countries by providing test kits and establishing nearly 100 such labs across more than 30 regions worldwide.^[13]^[14] These efforts facilitated timely intervention and scaled testing infrastructure in regions including Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia during 2020-2023.^[15] In 2024, BGI advanced agricultural genomics by establishing a perennial rice planting demonstration base in Karuzi, Burundi, incorporating African wild rice genes to enhance yield and sustainability in tropical climates, with yields reaching up to 7.5 tons per hectare in trials.^[16] Concurrently, as a key participant in the Mesoscopic Brain Mapping Consortium, BGI contributed to global efforts in mapping neural circuits from rodents to primates, co-leading studies on brain connectivity and cell-type diversity published in high-impact journals.^[17] These initiatives underscored BGI's expansion into applied genomics for food security and neuroscience in developing regions. By 2025, BGI unveiled Stereo-cell technology, a spatial single-cell sequencing platform using high-density DNA nanoball arrays for enhanced-resolution profiling of cell interactions and multi-omics data, alongside the launch of the 10 Billion Cells Alliance to aggregate global datasets for advancing cellular research.^[18] In October, BGI introduced Genos, an open-source human-centric genomic foundation model trained on vast multi-omics data to enable predictive analytics for personalized medicine applications such as disease risk assessment.^[19] That year, BGI had proposed or published 412 international and national standards in genomics and health services, reflecting its role in standardizing global practices.^[20]

Scientific Research and Achievements

Contributions to Human Genomics and Disease Studies

BGI Group has advanced human genomics through large-scale sequencing efforts, notably contributing sequencing capacity to the 1000 Genomes Project, which cataloged over 88 million variants from 2,504 individuals across 26 populations to elucidate genetic contributions to disease susceptibility.^[21]^[22] This work provided empirical data on allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium patterns, facilitating causal inference in complex traits like diabetes and cardiovascular conditions by integrating variants with phenotypic associations.^[23] In cancer research, BGI employed spatial multi-omics technologies, including Stereo-seq and single-cell sequencing via DNBelab C4, to map invasive zones in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), revealing tumor microenvironment dynamics that drive metastasis in primary and metastatic regions from 182 patients.^[24] A 2023 study integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and spatial data to identify hypoxia-enriched signatures in primary HCC tumors, correlating them with metastatic potential and offering biomarkers for progression risk.^[25] These findings, derived from over 250 profiled regions, underscore causal roles of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in therapeutic targeting, with applications validated in clinical cohorts as of 2024.^[26] For reproductive health, BGI's analysis of cell-free RNA (cfRNA) from 917 pregnancies developed noninvasive predictors of preeclampsia, achieving high accuracy by combining transcriptomic signatures across RNA biotypes with clinical features like maternal age and blood pressure.^[27] Published in 2023, this model distinguished early- and late-onset cases, identifying differentially expressed genes linked to placental dysfunction and enabling risk stratification before 20 weeks gestation.^[28] Such data-driven approaches prioritize causal biomarkers over symptomatic detection, with validation in diverse cohorts confirming cfRNA's utility for precision obstetrics.^[29] In brain science, BGI's Stereo-seq technology generated spatiotemporal cellular atlases relevant to neurological disorders, including a comprehensive primate brain map resolving over 100 cell types and their molecular states across regions.^[30] This 2023 effort, involving nanoscale resolution imaging, traced gene expression gradients in cortical layers, informing causal mechanisms in disorders like Alzheimer's through comparative analysis with human datasets.^[31] Complementary mouse organogenesis atlases mapped neural progenitor trajectories, providing foundational data for modeling human neurodevelopmental pathologies.^[32] These initiatives emphasize integrated multi-omics for dissecting genetic-environmental interactions in disease etiology.

Agricultural Genomics and Biodiversity Projects

BGI Group has advanced agricultural genomics by sequencing genomes of staple crops, particularly rice varieties, to enhance yield and sustainability. A key achievement is the development of perennial rice through hybridization with wild African species Oryza longistaminata, incorporating 16.16% of its genome to confer traits like regrowth capability, stress tolerance, and reduced tillage needs, thereby halving production costs compared to annual rice.^[33]^[34] This approach leverages natural genetic variation to enable multiple harvests over 3–5 years from a single planting, minimizing soil disruption and input requirements.^[35] Field trials of perennial rice varieties, developed in collaboration with institutions like Yunnan University, have demonstrated practical efficacy in resource-limited settings. In Burundi, a demonstration base established in early 2024 yielded stable harvests from plots previously dominated by weeds, marking the sixth African country for such introductions following successes in Uganda, Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Malawi.^[36]^[37] In Uganda, regrowth after the initial harvest delivered over 50% of the first-season yield, supporting food security amid climate variability.^[38] These outcomes underscore genomics-driven breeding's role in causal trait selection, prioritizing empirical yield data over speculative modifications. BGI's biodiversity initiatives extend to sequencing animal and plant genomes for conservation and resilience. The group has produced reference genomes for endangered species, such as dipterocarps in Southeast Asia, aiding habitat restoration through genetic diversity mapping.^[39] Over 15 years, BGI has sequenced numerous plant and animal genomes commercially and for research, contributing to databases that inform ecosystem preservation.^[40] In crop epigenomics, efforts focus on regulatory mechanisms enhancing tolerance to drought and heat, as seen in millet studies revealing genotype-microbiota interactions for yield under abiotic stress.^[41] Pan-genome analyses by BGI target natural allelic variation for agronomic improvements, countering narrow reference genome limitations. A 2024 super-pangenome of chickpea, co-led by BGI-Research with ICRISAT, identified evolutionarily conserved loci for traits like flowering time and yield, enabling marker-assisted breeding for food security in orphan crops.^[42] Similarly, African orphan crop genomes have been sequenced to pinpoint resilience genes, emphasizing haplotype-based selection from wild relatives over engineered transgenes.^[43]^[44] This method prioritizes verifiable causal variants, as validated in multi-omics datasets, to adapt staples to climate stressors without relying on unproven genetic insertions.

Pandemic Response and Pathogen Sequencing

In response to the 2003 SARS outbreak, BGI sequenced the complete genomes of four SARS-CoV strains within 36 hours, enabling the development of an early detection kit and supporting epidemiological tracking of the pathogen's genetic variations.^[45]^[46] During the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, BGI deployed sequencing equipment, reagents, and personnel to Sierra Leone, where the team analyzed 175 viral strains and determined that the outbreak strain exhibited no significant mutations, aiding containment efforts through genomic confirmation of transmission chains.^[47]^[48] For the COVID-19 pandemic, BGI established Huo-Yan laboratories—modular, deployable facilities for high-throughput nucleic acid extraction, PCR testing, and sequencing support—with the initial unit operational in Wuhan by February 9, 2020, capable of processing hundreds of samples daily to facilitate rapid pathogen identification.^[49]^[50] These labs expanded globally to over 60 countries, including deployments in Asia, Europe, the US, and the Middle East, contributing to the analysis of millions of samples via integrated workflows that generated sequencing data for variant surveillance and early intervention.^[51]^[52] BGI's COVID-19 efforts included whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates and multi-omics approaches, such as metatranscriptome sequencing to map intra-host viral diversity and host-pathogen interactions, producing datasets that supported causal inferences on transmission dynamics without relying on unverified diagnostic efficacy claims.^[53]^[54] From 2020 to 2023, these outputs enabled high-throughput tracking of variants, though public data-sharing remained limited by national policies and institutional priorities, prioritizing domestic utility over unrestricted global access.^[55]

Technological Innovations in Bioinformatics and Sequencing

BGI Group, through its subsidiary MGI Tech, developed the DNBSEQ™ sequencing platforms, which employ DNA nanoball (DNB) technology combined with combinatorial probe-anchor synthesis (cPAS) for high-accuracy, low-error sequencing.^[56] The DNBSEQ-T20×2 sequencer achieves ultra-high throughput, producing up to 72 terabytes of data per run, enabling efficient whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and epigenome analysis for large-scale projects.^[56] Similarly, the DNBSEQ-T7+ integrates advanced fluidics, optics, and proprietary bioinformatics to deliver over 14 terabytes of output within 24 hours at paired-end 150 base pair read lengths, supporting applications in population-scale genomics.^[57] These platforms reduce sequencing costs through optimized hardware-software integration, such as reusable biochemical reagents and high-density chip designs with 500-nanometer element spacing, facilitating genome sequencing at approximately $100 per sample.^[58] In bioinformatics, BGI has advanced pipelines for single-cell and spatial omics, notably through Stereo-seq, a spatio-temporal technology that captures mRNA on tissue sections using stereo chips for nanoscale resolution down to 500 nanometers.^[59] Stereo-seq V2 extends this to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections via random primers for in situ RNA sequencing, achieving single-cell resolution across total RNA profiles.00922-5) Complementing the hardware, BGI's Stereo-seq Analysis Workflow (SAW) processes high-throughput spatial transcriptomics data with efficient alignment, clustering, and visualization, handling ultra-high precision datasets from panoramic tissue imaging.^[60] In August 2025, BGI-Research launched the "10 Billion Cells Alliance" leveraging these tools to map cellular heterogeneity at unprecedented scale, integrating single-cell spatial data for multi-omics insights.^[61] BGI's contributions to de novo assembly include SOAPdenovo, a short-read assembler using de Bruijn graphs for contig and scaffold construction, optimized for large genomes with memory-efficient algorithms and error-tolerant k-mer handling.^[62] This tool incorporates first-principles approaches to error correction, such as spectrum-based filtering of low-quality reads prior to graph assembly, enabling accurate reconstruction from high-coverage sequencing data without reference genomes.^[62] These innovations have democratized genomic analysis by lowering computational barriers and costs, though they prompt considerations of data handling in centralized platforms amid global concerns over sovereignty.^[58]

Commercial Operations

Sequencing Services and Equipment Development

BGI Genomics, a subsidiary of BGI Group established in 1999 and publicly listed, provides commercial next-generation sequencing services encompassing whole exome sequencing, transcriptome profiling, and multi-omics solutions for research, clinical diagnostics, and precision medicine applications.^[63] These offerings emphasize scalability through high-throughput platforms, enabling end-to-end workflows from sample preparation to data analysis at reduced costs compared to traditional providers.^[64] For instance, in 2014, BGI Tech Solutions introduced whole exome sequencing at $599 per sample, positioning it as an affordable entry for large-scale genetic variant detection.^[65] MGI Tech Co., Ltd., originally a BGI subsidiary spun out and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2022, focuses on developing sequencing hardware, including high-throughput instruments based on DNA nanoball (DNBSEQ) technology.^[66] These sequencers, such as the DNBSEQ-T7+, support massive parallel sequencing for applications in genomics and proteomics, with fluidics systems optimized for efficiency and lower per-base costs via high-volume nanoball amplification.^[67] The platform's design facilitates cost reductions through automated sample handling and reagent efficiency, aligning with BGI's model of integrating equipment sales with service contracts to drive adoption in precision medicine workflows.^[68] This hardware-software ecosystem has enabled market penetration via affordable exports, particularly in emerging sectors like agrogenomics, where sequencers support crop improvement and biodiversity analysis at scale.^[69] In China, MGI sequencers held a 35% market share by 2019, bolstered by domestic licensing of multiple models and integration with state-supported high-volume production.^[69] Globally, the approach has yielded revenue growth, with sequencing services in Europe and Africa rising 84% in the first half of 2023 to RMB 144.1 million, driven by demand for single-cell and spatial omics on MGI platforms.^[70] However, overall overseas revenues declined in 2024 amid regulatory hurdles, while domestic sequencer demand sustained a 3% group revenue increase.^[71] BGI's low-cost ambitions culminated in a 2020 announcement of $100 genome sequencing capability, leveraging economies of scale in DNBSEQ production to challenge incumbents like Illumina.^[58]

International Partnerships and Market Expansion

BGI Group operates subsidiaries including BGI Americas, headquartered in San Jose, California, and BGI Europe, based in Copenhagen, Denmark, which facilitate the delivery of next-generation sequencing and multi-omics services across the Americas, Europe, and Africa.^[4] These regional hubs support market expansion by providing localized access to BGI's sequencing platforms and bioinformatics tools, enabling research institutions and healthcare providers to conduct genomic analyses without relying solely on shipments to China-based facilities.^[72] As of 2023, BGI reported business activities in over 100 countries, with these subsidiaries contributing to collaborative projects with academic and governmental entities.^[73] A notable example of market expansion through joint ventures is the 2023 establishment of Genalive, a partnership between BGI Genomics and Saudi Arabia's Tibbiyah Holding Company, aimed at advancing AI-integrated genetic testing and precision medicine.^[74] Genalive's clinical laboratory, launched in June 2023, operates as one of Saudi Arabia's largest independent facilities for such services, integrating BGI's sequencing technologies with local healthcare infrastructure to support national goals in personalized diagnostics.^[75] In March 2025, Genalive secured a 950 million RMB (approximately 132 million USD) contract from the National Unified Procurement Company for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices (NUPCO) to deliver outsourced genetic testing services, marking BGI's largest such public-sector tender win in the region.^[76] BGI maintained visibility in North American markets by exhibiting at the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2023 annual meeting in Washington, D.C., where it showcased integrated next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry solutions for multi-omics research at booth #309.^[77] This presence underscores efforts to engage international scientific communities despite regulatory hurdles in some Western markets. Such partnerships have demonstrably enhanced host countries' genomic capabilities, as evidenced by scaled-up testing volumes and technology transfers in Saudi Arabia, though they foster reliance on imported Chinese sequencing equipment, which could amplify vulnerabilities to global supply disruptions.^[78]

Geopolitical and Security Concerns

Alleged Ties to Chinese Military and State Entities

In October 2022, the U.S. Department of Defense added BGI Genomics, a core subsidiary of BGI Group, to its list of Chinese Military Companies Operating in the United States, citing its activities as supporting the People's Liberation Army (PLA) through genomics research with potential military applications.^[79] This designation reflects documented collaborations, including BGI's development of the Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIFTY) kit in partnership with PLA-affiliated institutions, such as the BGI-Shenzhen Research Institute and military labs, starting around 2010, which involved sequencing fetal DNA data that could enable population-specific genetic analysis.^[80] Such work aligns with PLA interests in dual-use technologies, where genomic data supports advancements in precision medicine but also bioweapon targeting by identifying ethnic-specific vulnerabilities, as evidenced by BGI researchers' co-authored papers with PLA scientists on military-relevant topics like human performance enhancement through genetics.^[81] BGI Group's operation of the China National GeneBank (CNGB), established in 2016 under a government contract, further integrates it into state-directed initiatives with national security dimensions, as the bank collects and stores vast genomic datasets mandated for "safeguarding biological resources" under China's 2017 National Security Law, which subsumes biotechnology under strategic imperatives.^[82] This infrastructure, funded partly by state subsidies exceeding $30 million to BGI, facilitates centralized data repositories that PLA units have accessed for research, contrasting BGI's public assertions of purely civilian operations.^[82] Empirical overlaps include shared personnel, such as BGI scientists contributing to PLA-funded projects on genetic markers for soldier resilience, documented in joint publications from 2017 onward.^[81]^[83] These ties underscore causal pathways for military-civil fusion, where BGI's sequencing capabilities—bolstered by state funding and personnel exchanges—enhance PLA biotechnology R&D, including pathogen engineering and population genomics, despite BGI's denials of direct data sharing with the military.^[80] Congressional investigations have highlighted patterns of such integration, noting BGI's partnerships with PLA suppliers and its role in amassing genetic data that could inform asymmetric warfare strategies.^[83] While BGI maintains these activities serve public health, the convergence of funding, expertise, and outputs with PLA objectives indicates substantive alignment beyond incidental cooperation.^[81]

U.S. Sanctions and Export Restrictions

In March 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) added three BGI Group subsidiaries—BGI Research, BGI Tech Solutions (also known as BGI Tech), and MGI Tech Co., Ltd.—to the Entity List under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).^[84]^[85] These designations, effective March 2, 2023, were justified by evidence that the entities supported the People's Republic of China's (PRC) genomic surveillance programs, which U.S. officials assessed as enabling the development of technologies with potential military applications and risks to U.S. national security through unauthorized access to genetic data.^[86] The restrictions prohibit U.S. persons from exporting, reexporting, or transferring any items subject to the EAR—including commodities, software, and technology—to these entities without a BIS license, with a policy of denial for such requests.^[87] This measure extends to foreign-produced items incorporating more than a de minimis amount of U.S.-origin content, aiming to prevent technology diversion that could enhance PRC capabilities in biotechnology with dual-use potential.^[85] Subsequent congressional actions intensified scrutiny of BGI's U.S. operations. On January 25, 2024, bipartisan legislation was introduced to prohibit federal agencies and contractors from engaging with BGI Group and its affiliates, citing risks of genetic data transfer to adversarial entities that could inform bioweapon development or population-specific targeting.^[88] In April 2024, the House Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party highlighted BGI subsidiary Innomics Medical Technologies for covertly establishing a U.S. presence despite parent company sanctions, urging the Department of Defense to add it to the list of Chinese military companies under Section 1260H of the National Defense Authorization Act.^[89] These efforts culminated in the BIOSECURE Act, passed by the House on September 9, 2024, which designates BGI, MGI, and related firms as "biotechnology companies of concern" and bars U.S. federal funding recipients from procuring their equipment or services after 2026, with phased restrictions to mitigate supply chain disruptions.^[90]^[91] The sanctions have constrained BGI's access to U.S.-origin sequencing technologies and components, disrupting partnerships with American research institutions and validating U.S. concerns over technology transfer to PRC entities with opaque state affiliations.^[87] Global suppliers have faced compliance challenges, leading to severed collaborations and rerouting of supply chains to avoid Entity List violations, though BGI has contested the measures as lacking evidence of direct threats.^[92] These actions underscore a U.S. strategy to safeguard critical biotechnology infrastructure against risks posed by firms enabling PRC genomic data aggregation.^[85]

Data Privacy, Surveillance, and Human Rights Issues

BGI Group's Non-Invasive Fetal Trisomy (NIFTY) test, a prenatal screening tool for chromosomal abnormalities, has collected genetic data from over 8 million pregnant women across more than 50 countries since its launch in 2010.^[93] The test sequences fetal DNA from maternal blood samples, generating extensive genomic profiles that include not only fetal but also maternal genetic information, which is then transmitted to BGI's servers in China for analysis.^[80] Developed in collaboration with the People's Liberation Army (PLA), including institutions under the PLA's General Armaments Department, the NIFTY program has raised alarms over potential dual-use applications in surveillance and selective population engineering, given China's historical emphasis on eugenics-inspired policies such as the one-child policy and incentives for "quality" births.^[93]^[94] Investigative reporting by Reuters in July 2021 revealed that NIFTY data flows routinely route genetic profiles to BGI entities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), despite assurances in some marketing materials and consent forms that overseas data would be anonymized or destroyed post-analysis.^[80]^[93] BGI has stated that it obtains explicit patient consent for data use in research and does not share NIFTY results with Chinese authorities for military purposes, yet the company's integration into PRC state-directed initiatives—such as the national genomic database under the 13th Five-Year Plan—amplifies risks of compelled data access under Chinese laws like the 2017 National Intelligence Law, which mandates corporate cooperation with intelligence efforts.^[93]^[94] U.S. intelligence assessments have highlighted how such aggregated genomic datasets could enable PRC advancements in bioweapons, population profiling, or targeted coercion, particularly for ethnic minorities like Uyghurs, where genetic surveillance has been documented in Xinjiang re-education camps.^[94] These practices have sparked human rights critiques, with concerns that the scale of data harvesting—potentially encompassing billions of data points from diverse global populations—facilitates state-enabled eugenics by allowing analysis of heritability patterns for traits like intelligence or disease susceptibility, which could inform discriminatory policies.^[80] Critics, including lawmakers in the UK and Australia, have called for probes into whether NIFTY's consent processes adequately disclose risks of PRC exploitation, noting that BGI's opaque research partnerships obscure end-uses.^[95] While Reuters found no direct evidence of privacy breaches in patient agreements, the inherent vulnerabilities in data repatriation to an authoritarian regime underscore broader threats to individual autonomy and genetic privacy, as affirmed in frameworks like the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights.^[93]^[94]

Legal and Regulatory Challenges

Intellectual Property Disputes

In 2019, Illumina initiated multiple patent infringement lawsuits against BGI Genomics and its affiliates, including MGI Tech and Complete Genomics (a BGI subsidiary acquired in 2013), alleging that BGI's sequencing platforms such as StandardMPS and CoolMPS infringed Illumina's patents on reversible terminator chemistry and related DNA sequencing methods.^[96]^[97] These suits spanned jurisdictions including the United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the European Patent Office, with Illumina claiming BGI's technologies copied core innovations in sequencing-by-synthesis processes developed over years of R&D.^[98]^[99] BGI countered these claims by asserting independent development through in-house research and prior acquisitions, notably Complete Genomics' proprietary DNA nanoball sequencing technology, which predated some disputes.^[100] In a notable reversal, a Delaware federal jury in May 2022 found Illumina liable for willfully infringing two Complete Genomics patents on pattern array sequencing and awarded BGI $333.8 million in damages, highlighting BGI's own enforceable IP in the field.^[101] BGI has maintained that its advancements stem from substantial investments in bioinformatics and hardware, including over 10,000 patents filed globally by 2023, rather than unauthorized replication.^[102] Outcomes varied across venues: Illumina secured a UK High Court injunction in 2021 prohibiting BGI's MPS systems sales until patent expiry, upheld on appeal, while European Patent Office boards invalidated certain Illumina claims in 2023, favoring MGI.^[96]^[99] The parties settled ongoing U.S. litigations in July 2022, resolving cross-claims without public admission of liability, amid broader competitive pressures in the $10 billion-plus sequencing market.^[97] Separate disputes emerged with Oxford Nanopore Technologies, which in September 2024 announced plans to sue BGI entities for patent infringement and breach of contract related to nanopore-based sequencing, including allegations of misappropriating trade secrets from collaborative research to accelerate BGI's competing products.^[103] Oxford Nanopore cited BGI's rapid development of similar long-read technologies post-partnership as evidence of improper knowledge transfer, though BGI has not publicly responded to these specific claims, emphasizing its autonomous innovation pipeline.^[104] These cases underscore ongoing enforcement challenges in biotech IP, where rapid technological convergence fuels accusations of derivation versus genuine parallelism, often resolved through settlements rather than definitive rulings on originality.^[105]

Responses to International Scrutiny

In response to U.S. sanctions imposed on March 2, 2023, which added subsidiaries including BGI Research, BGI Tech Solutions (Co., Ltd.), and MGI Tech Co., Ltd. to the Entity List for alleged facilitation of surveillance and repression of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, BGI Group issued a statement rejecting involvement in human rights abuses.^[106]^[107] The company asserted, "BGI Group does not condone and would never be involved in any human-rights abuses," while denying state linkages and portraying the measures as politically motivated targeting of legitimate commercial activities.^[108] This echoed a 2020 denial following initial blacklisting, where BGI emphasized that its prenatal testing and genomic research involved no personally identifiable information or privacy violations.^[109] BGI has claimed adherence to international data protection standards, including lawfulness, fairness, transparency, and purpose limitation in handling personal information, with policies requiring compliance by affiliates under applicable local laws.^[110] It conducts independent ethical reviews for projects involving biological samples and data, positioning these as safeguards against misuse.^[45] In a January 2024 statement opposing the proposed U.S. BIOSECURE Act, which sought to restrict federal funding for BGI-linked research over security risks, the company argued the legislation relied on false allegations, would stifle competition without enhancing security, and urged fair treatment based on evidence rather than presumption.^[111] Despite these assertions, independent assessments have noted persistent opacity in BGI's nested corporate structures and investor ties, complicating verification of separation from state or military entities and raising doubts about the efficacy of self-reported compliance measures.^[112] While BGI's public commitments have yielded limited transparency gains, such as ethics protocols, they occur amid documented risks of integration with Chinese state priorities, including potential data access under national security laws, underscoring unresolved tensions in global scrutiny.^[113]

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Corporate Update-BGI Group Official Website
Oct 14, 2025 · To date, BGI has proposed or participated in the development and publication of 412 standards, with 77 approved new proposals currently underway ...
[21]
International Consortium Announces the 1000 Genomes Project
Feb 24, 2012 · The project will receive major support from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Hinxton, England, the Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen ( ...
[22]
Three Sequencing Companies Join 1000 Genomes Project
Jun 11, 2008 · Data generated by the 1000 Genomes Project also will be distributed from a mirror site at BGI Shenzhen. Along with their contributions of ...
[23]
Uncovering the genetic roots of disease: 1000 Genomes project
The 1,000 Genomes Project involved some 200 scientists at Washington University and other institutions. Results detailing the DNA variations of individuals from ...
[24]
BGI Group's Technology Provides New Insights into Liver Cancer ...
Jun 22, 2023 · By utilizing BGI Group's advanced spatial-temporal multi-omics technology, Stereo-seq, and single-cell technology, DNBelab C4, potential ...
[25]
Integrated multi-omics profiling to dissect the ... - PubMed
Jan 8, 2024 · We generate multi-omic profiling of 257 primary and 176 metastatic regions from 182 HCC patients. Primary tumors rich in hypoxia signatures facilitated ...Missing: study | Show results with:study
[26]
Integrated multi-omics profiling to dissect the spatiotemporal ...
Jan 8, 2024 · We generate multi-omic profiling of 257 primary and 176 metastatic regions from 182 HCC patients. Primary tumors rich in hypoxia signatures facilitated ...
[27]
Noninvasive preeclampsia prediction using plasma cell–free RNA ...
May 19, 2023 · Combinations of different RNA biotypes and 2 clinical features are associated with a higher accuracy in PE risk prediction, thereby opening new therapeutic ...
[28]
Noninvasive preeclampsia prediction using plasma cell-free RNA ...
May 19, 2023 · In this cohort study, a comprehensive transcriptomic landscape of different RNA biotypes in preeclampsia was presented and 2 advanced ...
[29]
How cfRNA Could Revolutionize Preeclampsia Diagnosis | BGI Insight
Jul 19, 2023 · In this study, the researchers analyzed cfRNA from 917 pregnancies - 715 healthy pregnancies and 202 pregnancies affected by preeclampsia before ...
[30]
International Scientists Release Most Complete Primate Brain Cell ...
Jul 12, 2023 · Stereo-seq, BGI's spatio-temporal multi-omics technology used in this study, has a nanoscale resolution that is about 200 times of the iPhone 14 ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[31]
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using ...
May 12, 2022 · We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high ...
[32]
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using ...
May 12, 2022 · We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high ...
[33]
Perennial rice incorporates African wild rice genes and halves ...
Oct 15, 2022 · Perennial rice can reduce production costs by over 50%. Perennial rice incorporates African wild rice genes, which enhances its stress tolerance.Missing: projects | Show results with:projects
[34]
Perennial rice incorporates African wild rice genes
Nov 21, 2022 · From next-generation sequencing, 16.16% of the PR23 genome consists of Oryza longistaminata. Farmers growing perennial rice put in almost 60% ...
[35]
As rising global temperatures affect crop yields, scientists identify ...
Aug 4, 2022 · Unlike normal rice where farmers start from zero for every crop, perennial rice can be harvested for 3 to 5 years, giving them more production, ...
[36]
Successful Launch of Perennial Rice Trial Cultivation Project with ...
Jan 26, 2024 · Burundi Embraces Agricultural Innovation: Successful Launch of Perennial Rice Trial Cultivation Project with BGI Bioverse. January 26, 2024 ...
[37]
#BGI Group's Perennial Rice Initiative in Burundi marks a major step ...
#BGI Group's Perennial Rice Initiative in Burundi marks a major step toward sustainable agriculture. From weed-filled plots in 2023 to a successful first ...
[38]
The Launch of Perennial Rice in Uganda with BGI Group
Mar 29, 2024 · What sets it apart is its resilience and yield, after the initial harvest, NARO Rice One regrows, delivering more than 50 percent of the first ...
[39]
The Role of BGI Group in Preserving Plants for the Future
Apr 20, 2023 · BGI Group has contributed to dipterocarp conservation efforts through research collaborations, resulting in the construction of a high-quality, ...Missing: kingdom database
[40]
plant-and-animal-whole-genome-sequencing
For over 15 years, BGI has been carrying out commercial plant and animal whole genome sequencing for partners across the world.Missing: kingdom | Show results with:kingdom
[41]
Chinese scientists uncover millet genotype-microbiota interaction ...
Oct 9, 2022 · Compared to rice and wheat, millet has excellent climate resilience ... In July of 2017, as a subsidiary of BGI Group, BGI Genomics (300676 ...Missing: epigenomics | Show results with:epigenomics
[42]
BGI-Research Co-Led Chickpea Super-Pangenome Research ...
May 28, 2024 · The study “Cicer super-pangenome provides insights into species evolution and agronomic trait loci for crop improvement in chickpea” was ...
[43]
The draft genomes of five agriculturally important African orphan crops
Improving these underutilized plants using genomics-assisted tools and methods could help to bring food security to millions of people. Availability of ...
[44]
BGI Group: Improving Food Security and Tackling Malnutrition in Africa
Sep 18, 2024 · In April 2024, Ugandan farmers harvesting perennial rice. ... The success in Uganda has led to perennial rice being trialed in Burundi ...
[45]
Social Responsibility-BGI Group Official Website
To help control the Ebola outbreak and contain its spread, BGI offered sequencing equipment and testing reagent for free and dispatched a team of professionals ...
[46]
Complete Genome Sequences of the SARS-CoV - NIH
We now report complete genome sequences of the BJ Group, including four isolates (Isolates BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, and BJ04) of the SARS-CoV. It is remarkable that ...
[47]
A Decade Contributing to the Development of Public Health in Africa
Oct 8, 2024 · The BGI team undertook sequencing and analysis of 175 strains of the Ebola virus and were able to categorically confirm that the outbreak ...
[48]
BGI's “Unstoppable” Efforts to Help the Global Community Fight ...
May 8, 2021 · To help control the Ebola outbreak and contain its spread, BGI offered sequencing equipment and testing reagent for free and dispatched a team ...
[49]
High—throughput and automated screening for COVID-19 - PMC - NIH
By the 9th of February 2020, Huo-Yan Lab (or Fire Eye Lab) managed to perform 14,000 tests per day by completing an automated extraction of nucleic-acid as ...
[50]
Effect of large-scale testing platform in prevention and control of the ...
Mar 20, 2020 · Huo-Yan is an ad-hoc COVID-19 clinical testing infrastructure owned by the Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone. BGI-Wuhan operates ...
[51]
BGI Showcases its COVID-19 Anti-pandemic Technology at the ...
Apr 27, 2021 · The Huo-Yan Laboratory is also available in two easy-to-deploy models in air-inflated film chambers or mobile cabins that can be put into use ...
[52]
BGI trebles production to bring timely COVID-19 detection and ...
BGI's Huo-Yan ("Fire Eye") Laboratories have also been set up in Asia, US, Europe, and the Middle East, bringing population-scale detection and diagnosis of ...<|separator|>
[53]
[PDF] Next generation sequencing for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 - finddx.org
A collaborative research group led by the Beijing Institute of Genomics (BGI) used metatranscriptome sequencing of the virus to determine the intra-host ...
[54]
Initial whole-genome sequencing and analysis of the host genetic ...
Nov 10, 2020 · We report the first host genetic study in the Chinese population by deeply sequencing and analyzing 332 COVID-19 patients categorized by varying levels of ...
[55]
BGI Group Official Website
Feb 21, 2022 · BGI scientists completed the whole genome sequencing of four strains of the SARS virus rapidly in 36 hours and developed a virus detection kit ...
[56]
DNBSEQ-T20X2 - Complete Genomics
The ultra-high-throughput of the T20x2 generates up to 72 Tb per run or 50,000 WGS per year. It is the perfect option for large population studies or any large ...Missing: terabyte | Show results with:terabyte
[57]
T7+: The End of Compromise - MGI Tech
T7+ is a high-throughput sequencer delivering over 14Tb of data in 24 hours, with a 7-in-1 design, and can do up to 35,000 WGS/year.Missing: terabyte | Show results with:terabyte
[58]
China's BGI says it can sequence a genome for just $100
Feb 26, 2020 · The cost reduction in the BGI system is gained by using a huge, Frisbee-size chip, whose elements are just 500 nanometers apart, and by ...China Rivalry · How It Works · Unlimited SequencingMissing: hardware integration
[59]
STOmics Stereo-seq | Advanced Spatial Multi-omics Technology
Stereo-seq achieves a nanoscale resolution of 500 nm, which enables spatial localization and identification of single-cell and their molecular information.Stereo-seq · Stereo-seq OMNI Solution · Stereo-seq Large Chip Designs · About UsMissing: bioinformatics | Show results with:bioinformatics
[60]
an efficient and accurate data analysis workflow for Stereo-seq ...
Feb 20, 2024 · A high-performance and accurate spatial transcriptomics data analysis workflow, called Stereo-seq Analysis Workflow (SAW), was developed for the Stereo-seq ...
[61]
BGI-Research and Global Partners Unveil Advanced Single-Cell ...
Aug 22, 2025 · BGI-Research and Global Partners Unveil Advanced Single-Cell Technology and Launch the "10 Billion Cells Alliance".
[62]
Bioinformatics Software | BGI Americas
SOAPdenovo - SOAPdenovo, a short read de novo assembly tool, is a package for assembling short oligonucleotide into contigs and scaffolds. SOAP family software ...Missing: innovations | Show results with:innovations
[63]
BGI Americas - High Quality NGS Sequencing Services & Multi-Omics
BGI's Real-Time Fluorescent RT-PCR kit for detecting 2019-nCoV(SARS-CoV-2) is a qualitative in vitro nucleic acid amplification assay used to detect SARS-CoV-2.
[64]
Whole Exome Sequencing, WES - BGI Amercias, NGS Services
Our Exome Sequencing service is a highly popular and cost effective alternative for WGS for both basic research and clinical purposes.Missing: Group | Show results with:Group
[65]
BGI Tech Announces Inexpensive Whole Exome Sequencing
Jul 23, 2014 · BGI Tech Solutions, a division of Shenzhen's sequencing giant BGI, launched a human whole exome sequencing service at a cost of $599 per ...
[66]
MGI Tech
MGI Tech is a leading producer of high throughput genome sequencing machine, genetic sequencers, providing core tools and technology to lead life science ...MGI sequencing platforms · About MGI · Dnbseq-g99 · Dnbseq-g400
[67]
High-throughput gene sequencers, DNBSEQ ... - MGI Tech
MGI's DNA sequencing instruments utilize the state-of-the-art core technology called DNBSEQTM. DNBs (DNA nanoballs) are pumped with by the fluidics system ...
[68]
MGI Tech's DNBSEQ-T7+ and the Genomics Revolution - AInvest
Sep 15, 2025 · - Cost-reduction innovations like the "$10 genome" vision and automated tools drive market penetration in clinical and research applications.
[69]
Highest Throughput Sequencer Brings Power of Choice to the Market
Jan 10, 2019 · In the China market, MGI has six different sequencers licensed, and a market share of 35%. The MGI platform is gaining more and more support ...
[70]
MGI Tech Sees Strong Sequencing Revenue Growth in H1 2023
Aug 14, 2023 · The firm saw an 84 percent increase in sequencing revenues in Europe and Africa, booking RMB 144.1 million, driven by single-cell, spatial, and ...
[71]
MGI Tech 2024 Revenues up 3 Percent While Overseas Business ...
May 1, 2025 · MGI Tech saw increasing demand for its sequencers last year, primarily in China, while the firm's revenues in other parts of the world mostly dwindled.
[72]
Collaborative Projects - BGI Americas
BGI has established partnerships and collaborations with leading academic and governmental research institutions as well as global biotechnology and ...Missing: Celera | Show results with:Celera
[73]
BGI Group Official Website
Founded in 1999, BGI is one of the world's leading life science and genomics organizations. BGI's mission is to use genomics to benefit mankind and to be a ...History · BGI College · BGI Stories · Scientific
[74]
BGI Genomics Unveils Genalive's Cutting-Edge Clinical Lab in ...
Jun 14, 2023 · This laboratory is one of the largest and most advanced independent clinical laboratories within Saudi Arabia, covering an area of approximately ...
[75]
BGI Genomics Unveils Genalive's Cutting-Edge Clinical Lab in ...
Jun 15, 2023 · This laboratory is one of the largest and most advanced independent clinical laboratories within Saudi Arabia, covering an area of approximately ...
[76]
BGI Genomics Joint Venture Genalive Secures ￥950 Million RMB ...
Mar 13, 2025 · This collaboration highlights Saudi Arabia's recognition of BGI Genomics' expertise and strengthens China-Saudi ties in precision medicine.
[77]
Join us at ASHG 2023 (Booth #309)
Oct 30, 2023 · Come talk to us at our booth #309 to learn about our multi-omics analysis solution, a unique integration of NGS and mass spectrometry services.
[78]
BGI Genomics taps AI to power healthcare transformation in Saudi ...
Sep 23, 2025 · As part of its strategic alignment with Saudi Arabia's healthcare goals, BGI Genomics partnered with Tibbiyah Holding to launch Genalive in 2023 ...
[79]
BGI Genomics placed on list of Chinese military companies ...
Oct 11, 2022 · The U.S. Department of Defense has added BGI Genomics to a list of “Chinese Military Companies Operating in the United States.” The desi...Missing: Pentagon CMCA<|separator|>
[80]
China's gene giant harvests data from millions of pregnant women
Jul 7, 2021 · A prenatal test used worldwide sends gene data of pregnant women to the company that developed it with China's military. The US sees a security risk.
[81]
Biotech Battlefield - FDD
Jan 15, 2025 · Biotechnology, with its vast potential to revolutionize fields such as genomics, synthetic biology, and bioengineering, is integral to military- ...<|separator|>
[82]
China's Hybrid Economy: What to Do about BGI?
Feb 2, 2024 · Both BGI and MGI raise funding directly from the state as the primary means to fund their operations and global expansion. BGI has ...Missing: Group 2020s
[83]
[PDF] THE CCP'S INVESTORS: - Select Committee on the CCP |
Feb 8, 2024 · Technology Co., a PLA supplier.133. BGI | Sequoia Capital China. BGI is a PRC genomics company that has partnered with the PLA on genetic.
[84]
Additions and Revisions of Entities to the Entity List - Federal Register
Mar 6, 2023 · The Bureau of Industry and Security is amending the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) by adding 37 entities under 38 entries to the Entity List.
[85]
United States Imposes Export Restrictions on Beijing Genomics ...
Mar 21, 2023 · United States Imposes Export Restrictions on Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) Group Subsidiaries over National Security Concerns. Alerts.Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[86]
[PDF] Federal Register/Vol. 88, No. 43/Monday, March 6, 2023/Rules and ...
Mar 6, 2023 · The Bureau of Industry and Security is amending the EAR by adding 37 entities under 38 entries to the Entity List, effective March 2, 2023.Missing: restrictions | Show results with:restrictions
[87]
Bureau of Industry and Security Imposes Export Restrictions on BGI ...
Apr 25, 2023 · BGI Group, a Chinese entity, is the world's largest genomics company. On March 2, BIS designated three BGI affiliates—BGI Research, BGI Tech ...Missing: precision medicine
[88]
Bill to Ban Foreign Adversary Biotech Companies, including BGI ...
Jan 25, 2024 · The legislation would restrict federally funded medical providers from using foreign adversary biotech companies of concern, including BGI Group and its ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[89]
Letter to DoD on Hidden BGI Subsidiary, Innomics, Operating in the ...
Apr 1, 2024 · Chairman Mike Gallagher (R-WI) and Ranking Member Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL) of the House Select Committee on the Strategic Competition ...
[90]
US House Passes Bill to Blacklist Some China Biotech Firms
Sep 10, 2024 · China hawks in the US House overcame a last-ditch lobbying effort and passed legislation Monday night that would blacklist Chinese biotech ...
[91]
US bill to restrict business with China's WuXi AppTec, BGI passes ...
Sep 10, 2024 · U.S. House passed bill on national security grounds ... BGI Group said in a statement that reiterated it posed no national security risk.<|control11|><|separator|>
[92]
Corporate Update-BGI Group Official Website
Mar 5, 2023 · An international leader in life sciences, BGI Group has helped communities globally in times of health crises, including during COVID-19.
[93]
EXCLUSIVE Prenatal test developed with Chinese military stores ...
Jul 7, 2021 · Reuters found no evidence BGI violated privacy agreements or regulations; the company said it obtains signed consent and destroys overseas ...
[94]
[PDF] China's Collection of Genomic and Other Healthcare Data ... - DNI.gov
Feb 3, 2021 · The PRC's collection of healthcare data from America poses equally serious risks, not only to the privacy of Americans, but also to the economic ...Missing: prenatal | Show results with:prenatal
[95]
UK's data regulator resists call to investigate China's BGI ... - Reuters
Dec 1, 2023 · Britain's data regulator has resisted calls from lawmakers to investigate the prenatal tests of a Chinese gene company over how it handles ...
[96]
Illumina Wins Patent Infringement Suit against BGI in the UK
Illumina intends to seek a permanent injunction fully prohibiting the supply or sale of BGI's StandardMPS and CoolMPS systems in the UK until the relevant ...Missing: disputes | Show results with:disputes
[97]
BGI Group units, Illumina settle U.S. lawsuits over DNA sequencing
Jul 14, 2022 · Illumina Inc and BGI Group's MGI Tech Co and Complete Genomics have settled U.S. litigation over their rival DNA-sequencing technology, ...
[98]
Illumina Files Additional Patent Infringement Suit Against BGI in the ...
Illumina, Inc. (NASDAQ: ILMN) today announced that it has filed a patent infringement suit relating to BGI's “CoolMPS” sequencing products.Missing: reverse engineering
[99]
Hoffmann Eitle and MGI prevail as Boards of Appeal revoke Illumina ...
Mar 27, 2023 · For years, US biotechnology company Illumina has been litigating in various countries and at the European Patent Office against BGI and MGI.
[100]
Illumina ordered to pay BGI subsidiary $333 million in DNA ...
May 6, 2022 · A Delaware jury on Friday ordered Illumina Inc (ILMN.O) to pay more than $333 million to a US unit of Chinese genomics company BGI Group.Missing: reverse engineering
[101]
Illumina Owes BGI $333.8 Million Over Gene-Sequencer Patents (2)
May 6, 2022 · Illumina Inc. owes BGI Group, the world's largest maker of commercial genetic sequencers, $333.8 million after a federal jury in Delaware ...Missing: reverse engineering<|separator|>
[102]
BGI wins $333m in DNA patent suit with Illumina
May 9, 2022 · BGI wins $333m in DNA patent suit with Illumina.
[103]
Oxford scientists accuse Chinese biotech company of stealing trade ...
Sep 11, 2024 · The dispute is understood to centre around claims that Shenzhen-based BGI used trade secrets to develop its own “nanopore-based sequencing” ...
[104]
Oxford Nanopore files to sue for patent infringement over nanopore ...
Sep 10, 2024 · Oxford Nanopore Technologies PLC (LSE:ONT) intends to sue China's BGI Group and subsidiaries in other countries for breach of contract and ...
[105]
ONT Suing BGI Again! - by Nava Whiteford - ASeq Newsletter
Dec 7, 2024 · To recap: Oxford Nanopore made moves to sue the BGI and associated entities in the US. Then they stopped.<|control11|><|separator|>
[106]
Chinese company rejects rights accusation after US sanctions
Mar 4, 2023 · Three BGI units were among Chinese companies added to an “entity list” last week that limits access to U.S. technology on security or human ...Missing: blacklist | Show results with:blacklist
[107]
US adds units of China's BGI, Inspur to trade blacklist | Reuters
Mar 16, 2023 · The Biden administration on Thursday added 37 companies to a trade blacklist, including a unit of Chinese genetics company BGI Genomics Co ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[108]
BGI Seeks to 'Clarify' After US Widens China Export Restrictions
Mar 5, 2023 · ... BGI “would never be involved” in human rights abuses, according to the statement. The Biden administration last week announced export ...
[109]
Chinese genetics company BGI denies U.S. human rights accusations
Jul 21, 2020 · BGI Group does not condone and would never be involved in any human-rights abuses," a company statement said on Tuesday. The statement came ...
[110]
Terms of Use & Privacy Policy
We take steps to ensure that BGI companies follow our data protection policy, this privacy notice and applicable local law when handling Personal Information ...Missing: localization pledges<|separator|>
[111]
BGI Group Statement Regarding the so-called “BIOSECURE Act”
Jan 31, 2024 · - MGI Tech Co., Ltd. is not part of, or controlled by, BGI. It is an independent company listed on China's stock exchange in Shanghai. BGI ...
[112]
China, Biotechnology, and BGI
Observing the growth of BGI Genomics and MGI Tech is watching China's industrial policies unfold in real time. BGI Group has grown into an international ...<|separator|>
[113]
[PDF] CSET - China, Technology, and BGI
May 8, 2024 · In 2019, BGI received a RMB 1.11 million ($153,243) equipment donation from. Shenzhen Mammoth Public Welfare Foundation, a nonprofit foundation ...<|separator|>