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Precision

Precision refers to the quality or state of being exact, accurate, or definite, often denoting the degree of refinement in an operation, measurement, or statement.^[1] In everyday language, it implies meticulous attention to detail and avoidance of vagueness, as seen in contexts like precise language or precise timing.^[2] In scientific measurement, precision describes the closeness of agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same quantity under the same conditions, reflecting the reproducibility of the measurement process rather than its correctness relative to a true value—a distinction often contrasted with accuracy.^[3] This concept is fundamental in fields like physics and chemistry, where high precision minimizes random errors and enables reliable experimental outcomes, typically quantified through statistical measures such as standard deviation.^[4] For instance, a balance scale that consistently reads 3.2 kg for the same object across multiple weighings demonstrates high precision, even if the true mass differs slightly. In statistics and machine learning, precision takes on specialized meanings: it can refer to the inverse of the variance in parameter estimation, indicating the reliability of an estimate, or, in binary classification tasks like spam detection, it measures the proportion of true positives among all positive predictions (precision = true positives / (true positives + false positives)).^[5]^[6] High precision in classification ensures that predicted positives are mostly correct, prioritizing quality over completeness, and is often balanced with recall in performance metrics like the F1-score.^[6] Precision engineering represents another critical application, defined as the multidisciplinary practice of designing, manufacturing, and metrology for components and systems requiring tolerances on the order of microns (1 × 10⁻⁶ meters) or better, enabling advancements in industries such as aerospace, optics, and semiconductors.^[7] This field integrates advanced materials, nanotechnology, and control systems to achieve sub-micrometer accuracy, with historical roots in ancient astronomy and clockmaking that have evolved into modern applications like precision machining and laser interferometry.^[8] Beyond these domains, precision manifests in areas like precision medicine, which tailors treatments to individual genetic profiles for targeted efficacy,^[9] and precision agriculture, which uses data analytics and sensors for optimized resource use—^[10]both emphasizing customized, data-driven approaches over generalized methods. Overall, precision underpins progress across disciplines by fostering reliability, efficiency, and innovation through exactness and repeatability.

General and scientific concepts

Definition and etymology

Precision refers to the quality of being exact, accurate, or sharp in thought, action, or description, often standing in opposition to vagueness or approximation in everyday language. This core notion emphasizes refinement and meticulousness, serving as a foundational concept across various domains without implying specific quantitative measures. While precision is frequently paired with accuracy, the former highlights consistency and detail, whereas the latter concerns closeness to truth—a distinction explored further in related contexts.^[11] The term "precision" derives from the Latin praecisio, meaning "a cutting off" or "abstraction," rooted in the verb praecidere ("to cut short" or "cut off beforehand").^[12] It first recorded in English in 1529 via French précision (attested around 1380 in the sense of "clipping" or abstraction), initially denoting a mental process of precise abstraction or discrimination.^[11] By the mid-18th century, around 1740, its meaning had evolved to encompass the broader quality of exactness, reflecting a shift toward denoting sharpness in execution or judgment.^[12] This linguistic progression mirrors the word's connotation of decisive separation, akin to a clean cut that eliminates ambiguity. In the 17th century, precision began appearing in scientific texts to describe rigorous and detailed observation, exemplified by the innovative approaches in the works of Galileo Galilei, who emphasized meticulous measurement in his studies of motion despite lacking modern instruments.^[13] For instance, Galileo's experimental approach involved timing falling objects by weighing water drips, embodying an early commitment to exactness in empirical inquiry.^[13] This usage marked precision's transition from abstract philosophy to a practical ideal in the emerging scientific method, influencing subsequent advancements in natural philosophy.^[14]

Precision versus accuracy

In metrology and scientific measurement, precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility among repeated measurements of the same quantity under unchanged conditions, often indicated by low variability or a small spread in results.^[15] Accuracy, by contrast, describes how closely a measurement or set of measurements approaches the true or accepted value of the quantity being measured.^[15] These concepts are distinct and independent: a measurement can be precise without being accurate if systematic errors cause consistent deviation from the true value, or accurate on average without being precise if random variations are large.^[16] A widely used analogy to distinguish precision from accuracy involves darts thrown at a target, where the bullseye represents the true value. If the darts cluster tightly together but miss the bullseye (e.g., all landing in one off-center region), the throws exhibit high precision but low accuracy. Conversely, darts scattered widely across the board but averaging near the bullseye demonstrate high accuracy (in their mean) but low precision. Ideal results show both tight clustering at the bullseye. This visual illustrates that precision reflects repeatability, while accuracy reflects correctness relative to an external standard.^[15]^[17] The terminology of "accuracy and precision" gained prominence in 19th-century metrology amid advances in industrial and scientific instrumentation, particularly within analytical chemistry. Pioneering texts from this era, such as those by Carl Remigius Fresenius, stressed the need for meticulous precision in quantitative procedures to ensure reliable results, influencing standards in chemical analysis across Europe.^[18] A prevalent misconception is that high precision guarantees accuracy, leading researchers to overlook systematic biases in otherwise consistent data. In practice, such errors can be addressed through calibration against known standards, which adjusts the measurement system to align precise results more closely with true values without altering reproducibility.^[19]

Mathematics and statistics

Statistical precision

In statistics, precision refers to the consistency and reproducibility of measurements or estimates obtained under unchanged conditions, serving as the inverse of variability in data. It quantifies how closely repeated trials cluster around a central value, independent of whether that value is close to the true population parameter—a distinction from accuracy, which measures closeness to the true value. Precision is commonly assessed using the standard deviation (σ), where lower values indicate higher precision, or the coefficient of variation (CV = σ / μ × 100%), which normalizes variability relative to the mean (μ) for comparisons across scales.^[4]^[5] In certain statistical contexts, such as the normal distribution or Bayesian analysis, precision is explicitly defined as the reciprocal of the variance:

\text{Precision} = \frac{1}{\sigma^2}

This formulation, where σ² represents the variance, underscores precision's role as a measure of information density in data; higher precision corresponds to tighter distributions around the mean. Relative precision, often used to gauge the reliability of an estimate relative to its expected value, is calculated as the ratio of the true (or estimated) value to the standard error (SE) of the estimate:

\text{Relative precision} = \frac{\mu}{\text{SE}}

Here, SE (typically σ / √n, with n as sample size) accounts for sampling variability, allowing comparisons of precision across studies or scales. These metrics guide decisions in experimental design, such as determining the number of replicates needed to achieve desired reproducibility.^[20]^[21] A practical example of statistical precision arises in opinion polling, where it directly informs sample size requirements to achieve a specified margin of error. For instance, to estimate a population proportion with ±3% precision at a 95% confidence level (assuming maximum variability of p=0.5), a sample size of approximately 1,067 is required, as the margin of error is roughly 1 / √n; smaller samples yield wider intervals and lower precision. In laboratory experiments, precision influences the width of confidence intervals around parameter estimates, such as reaction rates or concentrations; high precision (low σ) narrows these intervals, enabling more reliable detection of effects, while poor precision from uncontrolled variability widens them and reduces inferential power.^[22]^[23]/Text/1.B:_Review_of_the_Tools_of_Quantitative_Chemistry/1B.2:__Making_Measurements:__Experimental_Error%2C_Accuracy%2C_Precision%2C_Standard_Deviation_and_Significant_Figures)

Numerical precision

Numerical precision in mathematics refers to the degree of exactness with which a numerical value is expressed, typically quantified by the number of significant digits or decimal places used in its representation. For instance, the approximation 3.14 for π indicates three-digit precision, as it retains three significant figures that convey the value's closeness to the true number. This concept is fundamental in numerical analysis, where computations are performed with finite representations rather than exact values, limiting the detail captured in results.^[24]/Quantifying_Nature/Significant_Digits) Two key mathematical concepts distinguish types of precision: absolute precision and relative precision. Absolute precision measures the smallest distinguishable difference between two values, often expressed as the absolute error E_a = |x - \tilde{x}|, where x is the true value and \tilde{x} is the approximation; it is independent of the value's magnitude and useful for fixed-scale comparisons. In contrast, relative precision assesses the error proportional to the value's size, given by E_r = \frac{|x - \tilde{x}|}{|x|}, which normalizes the error and is particularly relevant for values spanning orders of magnitude, such as in scientific computations where maintaining proportional accuracy is critical. For example, approximating π ≈ 3.1416 achieves approximately five significant figures, with E_r \approx 2.3 \times 10^{-6}, demonstrating how additional digits enhance proportional exactness.^[25]^[26] In multi-step calculations, numerical precision is affected by error propagation, where uncertainties from initial approximations accumulate. For independent variables x and y with errors \Delta x and \Delta y, the propagated absolute error in a sum z = x + y is bounded by |\Delta z| \leq |\Delta x| + |\Delta y|, while for a product z = x y, it approximates \Delta z \approx |y| \Delta x + |x| \Delta y; relative errors add in quadrature for uncorrelated inputs, as \sigma_z^2 \approx (y \sigma_x)^2 + (x \sigma_y)^2. This propagation underscores the need to track precision throughout computations to avoid amplified inaccuracies. A related limitation arises in infinite series approximations, such as Taylor expansions, where truncating after n terms introduces a truncation error. The remainder R_n(x) = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(\xi)}{(n+1)!} (x - x_0)^{n+1} for some \xi between x and x_0 bounds the error, illustrating how finite terms impose a precision ceiling despite the series' exact convergence.^[27]^[28]

Computing and information technology

Precision in data representation

In computing, precision in data representation refers to the finite capacity of digital systems to accurately store and manipulate numerical values using binary formats, which inherently limits the exactness of real numbers. This is particularly evident in floating-point arithmetic, where numbers are approximated using a sign bit, an exponent, and a mantissa (or significand) to represent a wide range of values efficiently. Unlike exact integer representations, floating-point formats trade some precision for dynamic range, leading to unavoidable approximations for most real numbers. These constraints build briefly on abstract numerical precision concepts by applying them to hardware-limited binary storage.^[29] The predominant standard for floating-point representation is IEEE 754, which defines binary formats for single and double precision. In single precision (binary32 format), the 32-bit structure allocates 1 bit for the sign, 8 bits for the biased exponent, and 23 bits for the mantissa, providing approximately 7 decimal digits of precision. Double precision (binary64 format) uses 64 bits: 1 sign bit, 11 exponent bits, and 52 mantissa bits, yielding about 15 decimal digits of precision. The mantissa is normalized with an implicit leading 1, effectively adding one extra bit of precision (24 for single, 53 for double). This standardization ensures portability and consistent behavior across computing platforms.^[30]^[31] A key measure of this precision is machine epsilon, denoted as \epsilon, which represents the smallest positive value that, when added to 1.0, produces a representable number distinct from 1.0; it quantifies the relative rounding error inherent in the format. For double precision, \epsilon \approx 2^{-52} \approx 2.22 \times 10^{-16}, reflecting the ulp (unit in the last place) at unity. This value arises because the mantissa's 52 explicit bits, plus the implicit 1, allow distinctions up to that scale before rounding occurs.^[29]^[32] Floating-point representation introduces several precision issues, primarily rounding errors, where non-representable numbers are approximated to the nearest (or sometimes directed) representable value, potentially accumulating over operations. A severe case is catastrophic cancellation, which occurs during subtraction of two nearly equal positive numbers (or addition of nearly equal opposites), where leading digits cancel, amplifying relative errors from prior rounding in the result's fewer significant digits. For instance, computing [x - y](/page/X-Y) where x \approx y can lose all precision if the difference is smaller than the operands' ulps, turning small absolute errors into large relative ones.^[29] The development of standardized floating-point precision traces back to the 1960s, when IBM introduced hexadecimal (base-16) floating-point formats in systems like the IBM System/360, which offered variable precision but suffered from inconsistent accuracy across scales due to non-binary bases. Efforts to unify formats culminated in the IEEE 754 standard, ratified in 1985 after a decade of committee work led by figures like William Kahan, addressing portability issues in scientific computing. Its widespread adoption revolutionized numerical computation by mandating gradual underflow, NaN handling, and exception flags, influencing virtually all modern processors.^[33]^[34]^[30]

Precision in algorithms and machine learning

In information retrieval (IR) and machine learning (ML), precision serves as a key performance metric that quantifies the proportion of relevant items among those retrieved or predicted by an algorithm. Formally, it is defined as the number of relevant documents retrieved divided by the total number of documents retrieved, or equivalently, the probability that a retrieved item is relevant given that it was retrieved. In ML classification tasks, this translates to the ratio of true positives (correctly identified positive instances) to the total predicted positives (true positives plus false positives), emphasizing the accuracy of positive predictions. This metric originated in early IR research and has become standard for evaluating systems where minimizing false positives is critical. For example, in search engines, high precision ensures that the majority of results returned for a query are pertinent, which is particularly valued by casual web users who prioritize quality over completeness in top-ranked outputs. In binary classification scenarios like email spam detection, a model with 90% precision correctly identifies 90 out of every 100 emails flagged as spam, thereby reducing the risk of legitimate messages being erroneously filtered. These applications highlight precision's role in balancing relevance against the cost of irrelevant or erroneous outputs. Precision is often integrated with recall—the proportion of actual relevant items that are successfully retrieved—to provide a more holistic assessment, especially in imbalanced datasets. The F1-score, a widely adopted harmonic mean of the two, balances their trade-offs and is calculated as follows:

F_1 = \frac{2 \cdot P \cdot R}{P + R}

where P denotes precision and R denotes recall; this measure, with equal weighting (\beta = 1), penalizes extremes in either metric and traces its formulation to foundational IR work. In the 2020s, precision has gained prominence in evaluating large language models (LLMs) for tasks like automated fact-checking, where F1-scores assess the reliability of claim verification across multilingual datasets; LLMs such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 perform better in fact-checking when provided with sufficient contextual evidence.^[35] As of 2024, developments in generative AI evaluation have extended precision-recall frameworks to assess output quality in models producing synthetic data or text, measuring fidelity and relevance against ground truth distributions.^[36]

Engineering and physical sciences

Precision engineering

Precision engineering is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the design, manufacture, and metrology of high-precision components and systems, achieving tolerances typically in the micrometer to nanometer scales, such as less than 1 μm for critical features in mechanical assemblies.^[37] This discipline integrates principles from physics, materials science, and mechanical engineering to minimize errors in fabrication processes, enabling the production of reliable structures for demanding applications where even minor deviations can lead to failure.^[38] Key to this field is the emphasis on deterministic control of geometry, surface finish, and material properties at sub-micrometer levels, distinguishing it from conventional manufacturing by requiring advanced error compensation and environmental controls.^[39] Central techniques in precision engineering include computer numerical control (CNC) machining, which uses multi-axis mills and lathes to achieve high positional accuracies in the micrometer range through programmed tool paths and feedback systems.^[40] Laser etching, often via femtosecond laser ablation or induced backside wet etching, allows for non-contact material removal with sub-micrometer resolutions, ideal for creating microstructures on hard materials without thermal damage.^[41] Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) play a vital role in verification, employing touch probes or optical sensors to map part geometries with uncertainties below 0.5 μm, ensuring compliance with design specifications.^[42] These methods are often combined in hybrid processes to optimize efficiency and precision. In applications like aerospace, precision engineering is essential for fabricating turbine blades, where complex airfoil shapes must maintain tolerances of 10-20 μm to endure extreme thermal and aerodynamic loads, improving engine efficiency and longevity.^[43] Historically, the discipline advanced significantly in the 1940s during World War II, with developments in precision optics—such as high-accuracy lenses and transits for artillery and surveying—driven by military needs, achieving sub-arcsecond angular precision.^[44] Standards like ISO 2768 establish general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual indications, categorizing them into fine (up to ±0.05 mm for sizes 0.5-3 mm), medium, and coarse classes to guide manufacturing consistency. In the 2020s, additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative advance, with techniques like selective laser melting enabling precision components with surface roughness below 5 μm and feature resolutions under 50 μm, particularly for aerospace prototypes and customized parts.^[45]

Precision in measurements and instruments

In metrology, precision refers to the closeness of agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same quantity under the same conditions, reflecting the repeatability of an instrument or method. It is distinct from accuracy, which concerns proximity to the true value, and is often quantified by the instrument's resolution—the smallest detectable change in the measured quantity. High precision indicates low variability in repeated measurements, enabling reliable detection of small differences, though it does not guarantee correctness if systematic biases are present.^[46]^[47] Instruments exemplify precision through their design limits. For instance, a standard vernier caliper achieves a resolution of 0.1 mm, allowing precise linear measurements in mechanical workshops by aligning sliding scales to interpolate beyond the main scale's divisions. In contrast, atomic clocks, such as optical lattice clocks, demonstrate extreme precision in timekeeping, with some models synchronizing signals at the femtosecond level (10^{-15} seconds), far surpassing classical mechanical devices and enabling applications in fundamental physics and global positioning systems.^[48]^[49] Precision is primarily undermined by random errors, which introduce variability due to uncontrollable factors like thermal noise or operator fluctuations, leading to scatter in repeated measurements; systematic errors, however, consistently shift all results and impact accuracy rather than precision. To combine uncertainties from multiple measurements, the propagation of random errors for a quantity z = f(x, y) is calculated using the formula:

\Delta z = \sqrt{ \left( \frac{\partial z}{\partial x} \Delta x \right)^2 + \left( \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} \Delta y \right)^2 }

This quadrature sum assumes independent, uncorrelated errors and is fundamental in experimental physics for estimating overall measurement reliability.^[50]^[51] Historically, precision in time measurement advanced significantly with 18th-century refinements to pendulum clocks, evolving from Christiaan Huygens' 1656 invention, which greatly improved accuracy over previous mechanical clocks; by the mid-1700s, compensated pendulums and improved escapements enabled much higher precision, supporting navigation and scientific observation.^[52]

Medicine and biology

Precision medicine

Precision medicine is an innovative approach to disease prevention and treatment that accounts for individual variability in genes, environments, and lifestyles.^[9] It emphasizes tailoring medical interventions based on genomic data, such as targeting therapies to specific mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancer patients, where drugs like PARP inhibitors are used to exploit DNA repair deficiencies in tumor cells.^[9] This contrasts with traditional one-size-fits-all medicine by focusing on molecular underpinnings to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects.^[53] A landmark effort in this field is the U.S. Precision Medicine Initiative, launched in 2015 by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to accelerate biomedical research through large-scale data collection.^[54] Renamed the All of Us Research Program in 2018, it seeks to engage at least one million diverse participants to generate datasets for personalized health insights, including studies on cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. As of 2025, the program has enrolled over 633,000 participants.^[55] As of 2025, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced precision medicine, including through initiatives like All of Us that leverage AI for training in machine learning applications, enabling models to predict drug responses by analyzing genomic, proteomic, and clinical data for more accurate personalization.^[56]^[57] Key examples illustrate its clinical application. In pharmacogenomics, warfarin dosing is adjusted based on genetic variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes, as guided by Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) recommendations, to optimize anticoagulation therapy and minimize bleeding risks.^[58] Advancements in 2024 have included CRISPR-based precision therapies, such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing for cancer, which enables targeted modifications to tumor genomes to enhance immunotherapy efficacy while mitigating off-target effects.^[59] Despite these progresses, precision medicine faces significant challenges, including ethical issues related to data privacy and informed consent in handling vast genomic datasets from programs like All of Us.^[60] The cost of whole genome sequencing, which has dropped to approximately $200–$500 per genome as of 2025, still poses barriers to widespread adoption, particularly in underserved populations.^[61]^[62]

Precision in biological assays

Precision in biological assays refers to the reproducibility of results obtained from laboratory techniques used to quantify biological or chemical analytes, such as proteins, nucleic acids, or cells. Common assays include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antigens or antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying and measuring DNA. This precision is typically evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV), defined as the standard deviation of replicate measurements divided by their mean, expressed as a percentage; a CV less than 10% is widely regarded as indicative of high precision in these contexts.^[63]^[64] The CV serves as a statistical metric of relative variability, facilitating comparisons across assays with different scales or units, as it normalizes the standard deviation to the mean.^[65] Quantitative PCR (qPCR), an advanced form of PCR, exemplifies high precision in DNA quantification, where cycle threshold (Ct) values—the point at which fluorescence exceeds a baseline—can be reproduced with variations as low as 0.1 cycles across triplicates under optimized conditions.^[66] Similarly, microfluidic systems for single-cell analysis achieve enhanced precision by encapsulating individual cells in droplets or channels, reducing sample loss and contamination while enabling parallel processing of thousands of cells with consistent reagent exposure.^[67] In drug discovery, precision is critical for determining the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), the drug dose required to inhibit a biological process by 50%, where multilevel statistical modeling of dose-response curves can lower estimation variability and improve reliability across cell lines.^[68] Historically, the 1970s development of ELISA by Engvall and Perlmann marked a pivotal advancement in standardizing immunoassays, replacing radioactive labels with enzyme-linked detection for more reproducible and quantifiable signals in protein quantification.^[69] Several factors influence assay precision, including pipetting errors that arise from inconsistent volume delivery due to technique or equipment calibration issues, potentially increasing CV by up to 5-10% in manual workflows.^[70] Temperature control is equally vital, as fluctuations can affect enzyme activity and sample viscosity, leading to biased results; maintaining assays at a constant temperature, such as 37°C for enzymatic reactions, minimizes these deviations.^[71] In the 2020s, high-throughput screening platforms have addressed these challenges through robotic automation and integrated quality controls, achieving high precision with low coefficients of variation in phenotypic assays for rapid compound evaluation in drug discovery.^[72]

Arts, media, and entertainment

Precisionism in art

Precisionism, also known as Cubist Realism, was an early 20th-century American modernist art movement that flourished from the 1910s to the 1940s, characterized by sharp geometric forms, precise lines, and a minimalist depiction of industrial and urban subjects.^[73]^[74] Artists in this style emphasized clarity, smooth surfaces, and abstracted planes to celebrate the machine age, often excluding human figures to maintain a sense of cool detachment and visual order.^[73] Unlike more expressive European modernisms, Precisionism reflected a uniquely American optimism toward technological progress, portraying factories, skyscrapers, and grain elevators as symbols of national identity.^[74] The movement emerged in the post-World War I era, amid rapid U.S. industrialization and urban expansion, with influences from the 1913 Armory Show and Alfred Stieglitz's 291 Gallery, which introduced Cubism and photography to American audiences.^[73] It drew heavily from Cubism's faceted geometries and overlapping planes, Purism's emphasis on clarity, Futurism's fascination with speed and machinery, and the sharp focus of straight photography by figures like Paul Strand.^[73]^[74] This confluence aligned with the 1920s economic boom and events like the 1927 Machine-Age Exposition in New York, which highlighted America's industrial prowess as a counterpoint to Europe's war-torn recovery.^[74] Key practitioners included Charles Sheeler and Charles Demuth, who exemplified the movement's fusion of precision and abstraction. Sheeler, a painter and photographer, captured industrial harmony in works like American Landscape (1930), an oil painting depicting a Ford Motor Company factory with stark, geometric precision that underscores mechanical efficiency.^[74] Demuth, inspired by urban energy, produced Machinery (1920), a tribute to the poet William Carlos Williams that uses interlocking cylindrical forms and vibrant colors to evoke industrial rhythm.^[74] Other artists, such as Elsie Driggs and Louis Lozowick, contributed to the style's exploration of architectural and mechanical motifs, though the movement lacked a formal manifesto or organized group.^[73] Precisionism's legacy persisted into later American art, influencing Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art through its detached formalism, and extended into advertising and set design.^[73] In the 2020s, revivals appeared in digital art under the banner of Neo-Precisionism, where contemporary creators like Yomi Dinero and Dylan Wade adapt the original's geometric simplicity and industrial themes to NFT and crypto art, blending nostalgia with modern technology to comment on the Fourth Industrial Revolution.^[75] For instance, Dinero's The Flour Mill (2022) echoes Sheeler's precision by highlighting technological advancement through minimalist digital compositions.^[75] This digital iteration expands Precisionism's focus on machinery to include personal narratives and global aesthetics, bridging early 20th-century modernism with Web3 innovation.^[75]

Precision in media and performance

In media and performance, precision refers to the meticulous control and exactness employed in creative processes to enhance narrative impact, rhythm, and synchronization across film, music, theater, and dance. This concept emphasizes technical accuracy in execution, where deviations can disrupt immersion or artistic intent. For instance, in film editing, precision involves selecting and sequencing shots with exact timing to maintain continuity and emotional flow, often measured in frames to align with the story's pace. Editors use techniques like the J-cut or L-cut to overlap audio and visuals seamlessly, ensuring rhythmic precision that guides audience perception without drawing attention to the cuts themselves.^[76] In performance arts such as dance and theater, precision manifests through synchronized movements that demand physical alignment, timing, and spatial awareness among performers. Dancers achieve this by refining technique to execute choreography with minimal variance, often training to synchronize with music beats or fellow performers to create unified formations. Studies on dance synchronization highlight how auditory rhythms influence movement accuracy, with trained dancers demonstrating higher precision in group settings through repeated practice that hones motor control and interpersonal timing.^[77] In theater, similar principles apply to blocking and cueing, where actors' positions and deliveries are calibrated for visual and auditory harmony, contributing to the overall staging's effectiveness. Historically, precision gained prominence in 1980s music production, particularly in hip-hop's adoption of sampling and beat matching, where DJs like Grandmaster Flash precisely looped breaks from soul and funk records to create seamless rhythms. This era's innovations, such as syncing samples from tracks like The Winstons' "Amen, Brother" drum break, laid the foundation for genre-defining precision in beat construction, influencing subsequent electronic and hip-hop production. In the streaming era, visual effects (VFX) have elevated precision through real-time rendering and virtual production, allowing filmmakers to integrate CGI with live action at frame-accurate levels for series on platforms like Netflix, reducing post-production errors and enhancing visual fidelity.^[78]^[79] Media titles often evoke this theme, as seen in the 2025 Canadian TV series Precision, produced by WildBrain, which is set to follow elite teenage figure skaters training for a world championship, underscoring the discipline's demand for exact movements and timing in competitive performance.^[80] In music, The New Division's 2017 EP Precision exemplifies synth-driven tracks that prioritize rhythmic exactness, blending post-punk influences with analog precision in production.^[81] Extending to journalism within media, precision denotes factual exactness, where reporters verify details against primary sources to uphold truthfulness, distinguishing objective reporting from opinion.^[82]

Sports, recreation, and other uses

Precision in sports and games

In sports and games, precision refers to the consistency and repeatability of actions aimed at achieving specific targets or outcomes, often measured by the tightness of groupings or the reliability of performance under varying conditions. For instance, in shooting sports, precision is quantified by the ability to group multiple shots within a small angular measurement, such as 1 minute of angle (MOA), which subtends approximately 1.047 inches at 100 yards, allowing skilled shooters to cluster bullets tightly even at long ranges.^[83] This distinguishes precision from accuracy, where the former emphasizes repeatable shot placement regardless of exact bullseye alignment.^[84] Precision rifle shooting exemplifies this skill, involving specialized rifles and competitions like the Precision Rifle Series (PRS), where competitors engage targets at distances exceeding 600 yards from varied positions, demanding sub-MOA accuracy to score points based on hit consistency.^[85] In synchronized skating, formerly known as precision skating, teams of 8 to 20 athletes perform intricate formations and elements in unison on ice, requiring exact timing and spatial control to execute circles, lines, and intersections without deviation.^[86] A notable historical example is the racehorse Precisionist (1981–2006), a versatile Thoroughbred who won the 1985 Breeders' Cup Sprint at six furlongs, showcasing equine precision in speed and stamina across distances up to 1¼ miles, earning him the 1985 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Sprinter.^[87] Techniques to enhance precision vary by discipline; in archery, bow tuning adjusts components like cams, arrow rest, and nock height to optimize arrow flight, enabling paper tuning tests that confirm bullet-hole-like groupings at close range for improved long-distance accuracy.^[88] In esports first-person shooter (FPS) games such as Counter-Strike 2 (CS2) and Valorant, mouse precision relies on low-sensitivity settings (e.g., 400–800 DPI with in-game sensitivity of 1–2) to disable acceleration, allowing for smooth tracking and flick shots, often trained via aim routines to minimize input lag and maximize headshot reliability.^[89] Major events highlight precision's role, as in the Olympic biathlon, where athletes alternate cross-country skiing with prone and standing rifle shots at 50-meter targets (4.5 cm and 11.5 cm diameters, respectively), with each miss incurring time penalties that reward shooting accuracy rates above 85% for medal contention.^[90] In 2024 esports tournaments, top CS2 professionals like b1t of NAVI achieved headshot percentages around 65%, reflecting elite aiming consistency in high-stakes matches, while Valorant pros such as FireBallOps reached up to 46%, underscoring the precision demands amid dynamic team-based gameplay.^[91]^[92]

Miscellaneous uses

In aviation, a precision approach refers to an instrument-based landing procedure that provides accurate lateral and vertical guidance to pilots during low-visibility conditions, enabling safe runway alignment and touchdown. The Instrument Landing System (ILS), a key technology for this, uses radio beams to guide aircraft with high accuracy, often allowing landings in near-zero visibility.^[93] This system emerged from advancements in radar technology during World War II, where early radar-assisted approaches in the 1940s improved navigation for military aircraft in adverse weather, laying the groundwork for modern precision systems.^[94] The Precision Time Protocol (PTP), defined in IEEE 1588, is a network protocol that synchronizes clocks across distributed systems with sub-microsecond accuracy, far surpassing traditional methods like NTP, and is essential for applications requiring precise timing such as telecommunications and financial trading.^[95] In PTP, a grandmaster clock serves as the primary time source, with boundary and transparent clocks adjusting for network delays to achieve synchronization errors as low as tens of nanoseconds over multiple hops.^[96] By 2025, PTP has been integrated into 5G networks through enhancements in 3GPP Release 17, supporting advanced features like boundary clocks and peer-to-peer delay measurements to meet the stringent timing demands of ultra-reliable low-latency communications in mobile infrastructure.^[97] In philosophy, precision denotes the exactitude and clarity in reasoning, particularly within logic, where arguments must avoid ambiguity to ensure validity and soundness in deductive processes.^[98] This emphasis on precise formulation helps philosophers dissect concepts and propositions, distinguishing between necessary truths and contingent claims through rigorous analysis.^[99] In legal contexts, precision in contract language is vital for minimizing disputes, as ambiguous terms can lead to misinterpretation and unenforceability, whereas exact wording clearly delineates rights, obligations, and remedies for all parties.^[100] Courts interpret contracts based on their plain meaning, underscoring the need for drafters to use specific, unambiguous phrasing to reflect intent and prevent costly litigation.^[101] Precision nutrition in dietetics tailors dietary recommendations to individuals using biomarkers such as genetic profiles, microbiome composition, and metabolic responses to optimize health outcomes and prevent chronic diseases.^[102] This approach analyzes biomarkers from blood, urine, or gut samples to adjust nutrient intake, for instance, customizing carbohydrate levels based on insulin sensitivity markers, thereby enhancing efficacy over generic advice.^[103]

Organizations and products

Companies and organizations

Precision Drilling Corporation, founded in 1951 in Calgary, Canada, is a leading provider of onshore drilling and production services to the energy industry, specializing in high-performance rigs for complex environments such as shale plays and fracking operations.^[104]^[105] The company has grown from a single-rig operation to one of North America's largest drilling contractors, emphasizing safety, environmental responsibility, and technological innovations like automated drilling systems to enhance efficiency in oil and gas extraction.^[106] Precision Castparts Corp. (PCC), a major manufacturer of complex metal components and products for aerospace, power, and industrial markets, was acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in January 2016 for $37.2 billion, making it a wholly owned subsidiary.^[107]^[108] Headquartered in Portland, Oregon, PCC specializes in investment castings, forgings, and fasteners critical to jet engines and airframes, serving clients like Boeing and GE Aviation with a focus on precision engineering to meet stringent aerospace standards.^[109] The Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), launched by the U.S. government in January 2015 under President Obama, was a national research effort to advance personalized healthcare by integrating genomics, environmental, and lifestyle data.^[110]^[111] Initially funded with $215 million, it evolved into the All of Us Research Program, aiming to enroll one million diverse participants to accelerate discoveries in disease prevention and treatment.^[112] Precision Nutrition, a global leader in nutrition coaching and education, offers certification programs, software tools, and personalized coaching services to health professionals and individuals seeking sustainable lifestyle changes.^[113] Founded by experts in exercise physiology and behavioral science, the company has educated over 175,000 professionals and certified more than 19,000 coaches in 146 countries as of 2025, emphasizing evidence-based methods for nutrition, fitness, and habit formation.^[113]^[114] Precision Valve Corporation, established in 1949 by Robert Abplanalp in Yonkers, New York, pioneered the mass-produced aerosol valve, revolutionizing the personal care and household products industries.^[115]^[116] As the world's leading supplier of aerosol valves and actuators, the company operates 17 facilities across 15 countries, providing innovative dispensing solutions for products like hairsprays, deodorants, and pharmaceuticals while prioritizing sustainability in packaging technology.^[117] Precision AI, a Canadian startup founded in 2018 and headquartered in Regina, Saskatchewan, develops autonomous AI-powered drones for precision agriculture, enabling plant-level weed detection and targeted spraying to reduce herbicide use.^[118]^[119] The company, which raised over $20 million in funding by 2025, focuses on scalable AI solutions to enhance crop protection and farm profitability, partnering with agronomists for data-driven insights in broad-acre farming.^[120]^[121]

Products and brands

Dell Precision workstations are a line of high-performance computers designed for professional applications such as computer-aided design (CAD), engineering, and content creation, introduced in 1997. These systems, available in tower, small form factor, and mobile configurations, feature Intel Xeon or Core processors, NVIDIA RTX professional GPUs, and up to 128 GB of DDR5 memory to handle demanding workloads.^[122] For instance, the Precision 3680 Tower supports up to 28 TB of storage and 450 W graphics power, making it suitable for single-threaded tasks in precision computing.^[123] In 2024, Dell released AI-optimized models like the Precision 5490 mobile workstation, equipped with Intel Core Ultra processors featuring neural processing units (NPUs) for accelerated AI development and fine-tuning of generative models.^[124]^[125] These incorporate NVIDIA RTX Ada GPUs and support for up to 64 GB of LPDDR5X memory, enabling local prototyping of AI applications without cloud dependency.^[126] As of January 2025, Dell announced the phase-out of the Precision brand in favor of the Dell Pro Max lineup, with existing Precision models remaining available while supplies last.^[127]^[128] Hewlett-Packard's Precision Architecture, known as PA-RISC, was a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor family launched in 1986 for use in HP 9000 workstations and servers.^[129] Evolving through 32-bit and 64-bit versions until the mid-2000s, PA-RISC processors powered systems for scientific computing and enterprise applications until production ended in 2008.^[130] Hardware implementations of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), standardized under IEEE 1588, are integrated into networking products for sub-microsecond clock synchronization in distributed systems. Cisco's Catalyst 9500 and Nexus series switches support PTP with hardware timestamping for nanosecond accuracy in telecom and financial timing applications.^[131] These features enable precise time distribution across networks, as seen in Cisco's ASR 9000 routers configured for PTP boundary clock modes.^[132]

References

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1. The quality or state of being precise : exactness. 2. a : the degree of refinement with which an operation is performed or a measurement stated.
[2]
PRECISION | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
the quality of being exact: Great precision is required to align the mirrors accurately. Precision bombing was used to destroy enemy air bases and armaments ...
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Accuracy vs Precision: Differences & Examples - Statistics By Jim
Precision indicates how close the measurements are to each other. Each measurement in a series has a component of random error. This error causes them to differ ...
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Classification: Accuracy, recall, precision, and related metrics
In the spam classification example, precision measures the fraction of emails classified as spam that were actually spam. A hypothetical perfect model would ...Accuracy · Recall, or true positive rate · False positive rate · Precision<|control11|><|separator|>
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Precision Engineering - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
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[7]
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precision, n. & adj. meanings, etymology and more
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[9]
Precision - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
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[10]
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Precision refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other. Precision is independent of accuracy. That means it is possible to be very ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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R A Fisher: "Statistical Methods" Introduction - MacTutor
The researches of the author have led him to the conclusion that an efficient statistic can in all cases be found by the Method of Maximum Likelihood; that is, ...
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What's in a name: Precision (inverse of variance) - Cross Validated
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[20]
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The most accurate survey of a group of people is a vote: Just ask everyone to make a decision and tally the ballots. It's 100% accurate, assuming you ...
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Precision -- from Wolfram MathWorld
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Absolute, Relative and Percentage errors in Numerical Analysis
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2.3 Significant Digits and Precision - Numerical Analysis I - Fiveable
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[PDF] Notes on the use of propagation of error formulas
The subject of the propagation of errors, on the contrary, is a purely mathematical matter, with very definite and easily ascertained conclusions.
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[PDF] Truncation errors: using Taylor series to approximate functions
Taylor Series. We cannot sum infinite number of terms, and therefore we have to truncate. How big is the error caused by truncation? Let's write ℎ=#−#% x.
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It provides the concepts and tools necessary for the engineer to create new precision machine designs.
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Hybrid laser precision engineering of transparent hard materials
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[PDF] Metrological issues in precision-tolerance manufacturing: A report of ...
The Precision Engineering Division further focuses on providing to U.S. manufacturing industries prac- tical access to national and international standards of ...
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[PDF] Research and development in applied optics and optical glass at the ...
i During World War II the Army Engineer Board i undertook the development of a precision transit j of the European type with graduated circles not i, more ...
[36]
[PDF] arizona - engineer
Precision is key in additive manufacturing, especially when it is being used to create heat-resistant metal parts for applications such as jet engines ...
[37]
The Difference between Accuracy and Precision Measurements
Accuracy is how close a measurement is to a known value, while precision is how close measurements are to each other, even if not accurate.
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Metrology Terminology: Accuracy, Precision, Resolution
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Vernier Calipers | MSC Industrial Supply Co.
4.7 776 · Free delivery · Free 30-day returnsThe precision of the vernier scale depends on the design and the resolution of the caliper. Vernier calipers can have different least counts, such as 0.1 mm, ...
[40]
Laser-Comb Clocks Pierce Femtosecond Barrier - IEEE Spectrum
Jun 25, 2023 · Synchronizing clocks across the planet with femtosecond accuracy could become reality by applying a laser frequency comb technique recently developed at NIST.
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What is the Precision Medicine Initiative? - Genetics - MedlinePlus
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NIH All of Us Research Program
The All of Us Research Program is accelerating research advances and precision medicine. Our nationwide community of participants and researchers is partnering ...Program OverviewParticipationAboutWho We AreGet Involved
[48]
Unlocking precision medicine: clinical applications of integrating ...
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[49]
CPIC® Guideline for Pharmacogenetics-Guided Warfarin Dosing
This guideline's recommendations are based on genotype and not phenotype, the diplotype-phenotype tables were not created for these genes.
[50]
Optimizing CRISPR/Cas9 precision: Mitigating off-target effects for ...
Sep 26, 2024 · CRISPR/Cas9 precision genome editing has revolutionized cancer treatment by introducing specific alterations to the cancer genome.
[51]
What are some of the challenges facing precision medicine and the ...
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Measuring Genome Sequencing Costs and its Health Impact - WIPO
Mar 19, 2025 · The cost of sequencing a whole genome has dropped dramatically, from approximately USD 100 million in 2001 to just over USD 500 in 2023 in the United States.
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Genome Sequencing Cost and Future Predictions - Biostate.ai
Jul 3, 2025 · Genome Sequencing Cost In 2025 Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is now projected to cost approximately $200 per genome. This is made possible by ...
[54]
Measuring Precision in Bioassays: Rethinking Assay Validation - PMC
Under that model we measure precision by the CV, which is the standard error of replicates divided by the mean of replicates.
[55]
%CV in ELISA: How to Reduce Them and Why They're Important
Jan 26, 2023 · CV is calculated by dividing the standard deviation (σ) of a set of measurements by the mean (μ) of the set which is then expressed as a percentage of ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[56]
Use of Coefficient of Variation in Assessing Variability of Quantitative ...
The CV is therefore a standardization of the SD that allows comparison of variability estimates regardless of the magnitude of analyte concentration, at least ...
[57]
[PDF] The Importance of Quality Control During qPCR Data Analysis
For triplicates, a standard deviation threshold of 0.1 means that the highest and lowest. Cq value can only differ by maximum 0.2 cycles from each other and by ...
[58]
Microfluidics for Single-Cell Genetic Analysis - PMC - NIH
Microfluidic single-cell techniques can allow for high-throughput and detailed genetic analyses that increase accuracy and decreases reagent cost compared to ...
[59]
Multilevel models improve precision and speed of IC50 estimates
We aim to improve the precision of the half-limiting dose (IC50) estimates by simultaneously employing all dose-responses across all cell lines and drugs, ...
[60]
An overview of ELISA: a review and update on best laboratory ...
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[61]
Assessing variations in manual pipetting: An under-investigated ...
(A) Factors affecting pipetting accuracy and precision. (B) Two common methods for determination of accuracy and/or precision, gravimetry and spectrophotometry.
[62]
Revisiting the Micropipetting Techniques in Biomedical Sciences - NIH
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[63]
Twenty-Five Years of High-Throughput Screening of Biological ...
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[64]
Precisionism Movement Overview | TheArtStory
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Precisionism - The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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[66]
The New Precisionists - Right Click Save
Dec 18, 2023 · Jeremy Booth, Yomi Dinero, and Dylan Wade all share certain visual priorities that have come to be associated with “Neo-Precisionism.”
[67]
What is Film Editing — Editing Principles & Techniques Explained
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[68]
Time and Synchronization in Dance Movement - Oxford Academic
Mar 21, 2024 · The third study aimed to investigate synchronization precision in a social setting. Sixteen pairs (both familiar and unfamiliar pairs ...
[69]
19 essential Hip Hop and R&B songs built on '80s soul samples
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New Netflix series brings downtown Orillia its Hollywood moment
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Precision - EP - Album by The New Division - Apple Music
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Precision vs. accuracy in target shooting - - Eley
A precise shooter will produce tight shot groups with smaller distances between individual shots. Precise shots are predictable and allow you to compensate one ...
[76]
About the Precision Rifle Series
The PRS Championship Shooting Series is synonymous with precision rifle shooting. ... Example: You received 89 match points. The winner received 105 match ...Prs Competition Standards... · Prs Scoring · Prs Classification System
[77]
Synchronized Skating - U.S. Figure Skating
Formed in 1956 by Dr. Richard Porter, the sport was known as “precision skating” for the intricate moves skaters perform on the ice together.
[78]
PRECISIONIST - Old Friend Equine
Precisionist, a 1981 chestnut stallion, won the Breeders’ Cup Sprint and was the 1995 Eclipse Champion Sprinter, earning $3,485,398.
[79]
Step-By-Step Bow Tuning for Beginners - Bowhunter
Set Draw Length & Draw Weight · Step 2 — Adjust the Bow's Cams · Step 3 — Adjust Nock Height and Center Shot · Step 4 — Begin Paper Tuning.
[80]
https://www.ctvnews.ca/barrie/article/film-crew-shooting-television-series-in-downtown-orillia/
[81]
Race Disciplines | US Biathlon
The Individual (20 km for men; 15 km for women), more than any other discipline, rewards precision: as each missed target adds one minute to the athlete's final ...
[82]
Who has been the standout performers in CS2 this year? - Pley.gg
Find out which players have the highest headshot percentages, best pistol round ratings, highest ADR and more in this stat breakdown.
[83]
Valorant Player/Agent Stats | VLR.gg
Aggregate Valorant player statistics: kills per round, k:d, combat score, econ rating, kills, deaths, assists.
[84]
ILS: How The Instrument Landing System Works - Boldmethod
The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is a radio navigation system that provides precision guidance to aircraft approaching a runway.
[85]
[PDF] When Radar Came to Town - Federal Aviation Administration
Originally developed by the British during World War II, radar provided an important tool for U.S. armed forces in World War II. RAdio Detection And Ranging ...
[86]
IEEE 1588-2008 - IEEE SA
This standard defines a network protocol, the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), enabling accurate and precise synchronization of the real-time clocks of devices in ...
[87]
[PDF] Precision Time Protocol (PTP/IEEE-1588) - EndRun Technologies
The Precision Time Protocol, as defined in the IEEE-1588 standard, provides a method to precisely synchronize computers over a Local Area Network (LAN). PTP is ...
[88]
[PDF] 5G implementation of a CIP Motion Network - ODVA
Mar 19, 2025 · ©2025 ODVA, Inc. Figure 1: 5G market capabilities. Release 17 pointedly added IEEE 1588 PTP support, not just IEEE 802.1AS gPTP. This ...
[89]
Practical Reason - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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[90]
Analyzing Verbal Arguments with Logical Precision
Nov 13, 2023 · Offers insights into translating verbal arguments into logical form to apply rules of inference and replacement for testing validity.<|separator|>
[91]
The Importance of Contract Language - JONES & KELLER
Mar 14, 2022 · Precision word use in a contract locks in what is said today and what is intended for posterity. Clients who send their attorney a form contract ...
[92]
Exploring the Importance of Precision in Legal Drafting
Nov 14, 2024 · Precision in legal drafting is crucial to prevent misinterpretation and disputes. It guarantees that agreements are clear and enforceable.
[93]
Precision nutrition: Maintaining scientific integrity while realizing ...
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Onshore Drilling Company | About Precision Drilling
Precision began in 1951 as a small onshore drilling company with one rig and quickly grew into a fleet by the end of the decade. In the 1960s and 70s, Precision ...
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Precision Drilling Corporation (PDS) Company Profile & Facts
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[PDF] 2023 Annual Report - Precision Drilling
Mar 31, 2025 · From our founding as a private drilling contractor in 1951, Precision has grown to become one of the most active drillers in North America.
[98]
[PDF] Berkshire Hathaway Inc. to Acquire Precision Castparts Corp. for ...
Aug 10, 2015 · The transaction requires approval by a majority of PCC's outstanding shares. Closing is expected to occur during the first quarter of calendar ...
[99]
About PCC - Precision Castparts Corp.
On January 29, Berkshire Hathaway completed its acquisition of Precision Castparts Corp. for $37.2 billion. Slavery & Human Trafficking ...
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berkshire hathaway completes acquisition of precision castparts
Aug 10, 2015 · (“PCC”) (NYSE: PCP) today announced the completion of the acquisition of PCC for $235 per share in an all-cash transaction. The transaction ...
[101]
Precision Medicine Initiative | The White House
a bold new research effort to revolutionize how we improve health and treat disease.
[102]
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Jan 30, 2015 · The Precision Medicine Initiative will pioneer a new model of patient-powered research that promises to accelerate biomedical discoveries.
[103]
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Feb 5, 2015 · President Obama's Precision Medicine Initiative aims to greatly accelerate the research needed to take advantage of great technological advances.
[104]
Precision Nutrition: Nutrition Certification, Coaching & Courses
Precision Nutrition is the home of the world's top nutrition coaches. Best-in-class nutrition coaching, nutrition software, and professional certification.Level 2 Master Health Coaching Certification · PN Level 1 Nutrition Coaching...
[105]
Precision Nutrition - Organization
As a global leader in providing health and fitness professionals the education, tools, and coaching they need, over 150,000 coaches in over 140 countries use ...
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You & Precision - Aerosol Valves | Your Local Partner, Globally
Founder and Aerosol Valve World Leader since 1949, and your only truly Global Supplier of Aerosol Valves and Aerosol Actuators.Get in Touch · News · Your Historical Partner · Your Aerosol Actuators
[107]
Precision Valve Corporation Announces Recapitalization Led By ...
Jun 23, 2011 · In 1949, Robert Abplanalp invented the aerosol valve and created an entire new industry, increasing the market for many personal care and ...
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Your Local Partner, Globally - Precision Valve
Precision Valve is a global supplier of aerosol valves and actuators, with 17 facilities in 15 countries, offering reduced logistics, and local support.
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About - Precision AI
With headquarters in North America, Precision AI is scaling rapidly with an elite team dedicated to solving the agricultural challenges of farms around the ...Missing: named | Show results with:named
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Precision AI - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding
Precision AI is on a mission to accelerate artificial intelligence-based farming practices to create healthier, happier, and more profitable farms.
[111]
Precision AI 2025 Company Profile: Valuation, Funding & Investors
Developer of artificially intelligent drones designed for crop protection. The company's drones accelerate artificial intelligence-based farming practices.
[112]
Cooperative Ventures invests in Precision AI, bringing artificial ...
May 28, 2025 · Precision AI ... Our diversified agronomy, grains, foods and energy businesses recorded revenues of approximately $39 billion in fiscal year 2024.Missing: named | Show results with:named
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The New Precision Workstations Are Here | Dell
Feb 26, 2024 · New workstations feature Intel Core Ultra processors with NPU/GPU, NVIDIA RTX Ada GPUs, and the world's smallest 14-inch mobile workstation.Missing: history | Show results with:history
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[PDF] Dell Precision Workstations
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[PDF] Precision 3680 Tower - Dell
The Precision 3680 is the world's fastest for single-threaded performance, with up to 450W graphics, 128GB memory, 28TB storage, and 14th Gen Intel Core i9K ...
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Dell Precision 5490 Workstation with Windows 11 | Dell United States
Precision 5490 Workstation ; Model · 5490 ; Estimated Value. $2,335.80 ; Processor. Intel® Core™ Ultra 5 135H, vPro® Enterprise (14 cores, up to 4.6 GHz Turbo, 45 W).<|control11|><|separator|>
[117]
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies powered by Dell Precision ...
Dell Precision workstations liberate AI developers and data scientists to prototype, develop and fine-tune generative AI models locally, giving them the ...
[118]
Precision Architecture: The Future Now - Hewlett-Packard History
Find out how HP celebrated the shipment of the first products to use its Precision Architecture (reduced instruction set computing) technology.Missing: PA- | Show results with:PA-
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PA-RISC Processors History and Performance - OpenPA
PA-RISC was HP's RISC computer design, incepted in the 1980s and developed in three generations from 32-bit to 64-bit until the 2000s, followed by Itanium VLIW.
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[PDF] Configuring Precision Time Protocol (PTP) - Cisco
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is defined in IEEE 1588 as Precision Clock Synchronization for Networked Measurements and Control Systems, and was developed to ...
[121]
[PDF] Configuring Precision Time Protocol - Cisco
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP), as defined in the IEEE 1588 standard, synchronizes with nanosecond accuracy the real-time clocks of the devices in a network.