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Bangle

A bangle is a rigid, ornamental bracelet or anklet, typically slipped onto the wrist or ankle, and commonly made from materials such as metal, glass, wood, or plastic.^[1]^[2] The term "bangle" derives from the Hindi word bangri, meaning a colored glass bracelet or anklet, entering English usage around 1787.^[3] Unlike flexible bracelets, bangles feature a stiff, circular design without a clasp, allowing them to slide over the hand and rest loosely on the limb.^[4] They are traditionally worn in multiples, producing a distinctive clinking sound during movement, and are most commonly associated with women's adornment in South Asian cultures.^[5] The history of bangles traces back over 5,000 years to the Indus Valley Civilization, where archaeological evidence from sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro reveals faience and stoneware bangles produced through advanced ceramic techniques during the Early Harappan period (circa 3300–2600 BCE).^[6]^[7] These early examples highlight bangles as integral to ancient craft industries, including shell-working and bead-making, which crafted ornaments for personal and possibly ritual use.^[8] Over millennia, bangle production evolved across regions, with glass bangles becoming prominent in South Asia since the mid-second millennium BCE, often manufactured in specialized centers like those in present-day India and Pakistan.^[9] In cultural contexts, particularly in India, bangles hold profound symbolic meaning, representing marital status, femininity, and well-being; for instance, green bangles signify fertility and a general married state, while red ones denote a recent marriage.^[10] They are essential in rituals such as weddings, where sets of bangles form part of the bride's adornments to invoke prosperity and protection, and their sounds are believed to benefit unborn children by warding off negative energies.^[11]^[9] Beyond South Asia, bangle-like ornaments appear in various global traditions, including West African manillas used as currency and Thai ivory bangles tied to conservation efforts, underscoring their diverse roles in identity, economy, and heritage.^[12]^[13]

Introduction and Terminology

Definition

A bangle is a rigid, circular bracelet designed to be worn on the wrist, typically in pairs or sets, characterized by its non-flexible structure that is either fully closed or features a simple openable mechanism such as a hinge or clasp. Unlike flexible chain bracelets, bangles emphasize a stiff, hoop-like form that slips over the hand without clasping in traditional designs, though modern variants may include closures for ease. This physical form allows for stacking multiple pieces, creating a jingling sound during movement that enhances their aesthetic and symbolic appeal.^[14] Bangles are primarily associated with women's adornment across various cultures, holding particular prominence in the Indian subcontinent where they form an essential part of traditional attire. They are commonly worn by brides during wedding ceremonies as symbols of marital status and prosperity, often in sets of gold or silver to signify wealth and good fortune. Young children, especially toddlers, are also traditionally fitted with precious metal bangles, such as gold or silver, as protective and auspicious ornaments from infancy, reflecting familial blessings and cultural continuity.^[15] This practice underscores bangles' role beyond mere decoration, embedding them in rites of passage and daily life. In broader regional contexts, bangles extend to Southeastern Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Africa, where similar rigid wrist ornaments serve women's adornment but adapt to local customs, such as integration into royal or ritual ensembles.^[14]^[16]^[12] These cultural associations distinguish traditional bangles from Western-style interpretations, which may prioritize flexibility or minimalism over the rigid, symbolic emphasis rooted in heritage.

Etymology

The word "bangle" entered the English language in 1787, derived from the Hindi term baṅglī or bangrī, which specifically denoted a colored glass bracelet or anklet worn as an ornament on the arm or ankle.^[3]^[17] This Hindi word itself traces its roots to earlier Indic languages, ultimately linking to the Sanskrit compound bhuja-valaya, where bhuja means "arm" and valaya refers to a bracelet or armlet, signifying an "arm ornament."^[18]^[19] During the British colonial period in India, the term was adapted into English through interactions with local customs, particularly in regions like Bengal, where colorful glass bangles known as bangali or similar variants were prominent, influencing the word's association with vibrant, rigid ornaments.^[20] This adoption reflects broader linguistic exchanges in the 18th and 19th centuries, as European traders and administrators encountered South Asian jewelry traditions. Regionally, terminology for bangles varies across Indian languages, highlighting the word's evolution within diverse cultural contexts; for instance, churi or choodi is used in Punjabi for slender glass or metal versions, while kada in Hindi typically denotes thicker, often metal bangles.^[21] By the 19th century, the English "bangle" had shifted from its original glass-specific connotation to encompass any stiff, ornamental bracelet or anklet, regardless of material, as evidenced in period literature and dictionaries.^[17]

History

Ancient Origins

Archaeological evidence of bangles dates back to the Early Harappan period (circa 3300–2600 BCE), with faience and stoneware examples produced through advanced ceramic techniques at sites like Harappa.^[6] The earliest prominent archaeological evidence from the Mature Harappan phase comes from the site of Mohenjo-daro around 2500 BCE. A notable example is the bronze statuette known as the Dancing Girl, discovered in 1926, which depicts a nude female figure approximately 10.5 cm tall, adorned with 24 bangles stacked on her left arm and 4 bangles on her right arm. This artifact, crafted using the lost-wax casting technique, highlights the prominence of bangles as personal adornments in this Bronze Age society.^[22] Excavations across Indus Valley sites, including Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, have revealed bangles fashioned from diverse materials such as shell, copper, bronze, gold, agate, and terracotta, indicating advanced craftsmanship and resource utilization as early as 2500 BCE. These objects were often produced in specialized workshops, with evidence of mass production techniques like hammering and molding. By the 6th century BCE, similar artifacts appear at Taxila in present-day Pakistan, where terracotta bangles alongside shell and agate examples suggest continuity and refinement in bangle-making traditions.^[23]^[24] During the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), bangles became more widespread in South Asia, as evidenced by decorated shell varieties excavated from multiple sites, indicating increasing sophistication in design and social status. These finds underscore bangles' integration into everyday and elite life across the empire's vast territories.^[25] Trade routes facilitated the spread of bangle-making influences beyond South Asia, with Indus-style shell bangles appearing in Mesopotamian contexts by around 2000 BCE, reflecting exchange networks that extended from the Persian Gulf to the Indus region.^[26]

Historical Development

During the medieval period in South Asia, particularly from the Gupta Empire (4th–6th centuries CE) onward, bangles evolved from simpler forms into more elaborate adornments, reflecting advancements in metallurgy and gem-setting techniques favored in royal courts. In the Gupta era, bangles depicted in Ajanta cave paintings featured gold construction with inlays of pearls, rubies, and other precious stones, symbolizing status and artistry under royal patronage.^[27] This ornate style continued and intensified during the Mughal Empire (16th–18th centuries), where bangles were crafted as stacks of solid gold bracelets encrusted with gems like diamonds, emeralds, and rubies, often incorporating Persian influences in intricate inlays and enamel work for imperial wear.^[27] The advent of European colonial trade from the 16th century introduced new materials and design elements to bangle production, accelerating their spread beyond South Asia. Portuguese, Dutch, and British traders facilitated the exchange of metals like silver alloys and enamel techniques, blending Western motifs with indigenous styles in regions under British India.^[28] This fusion led to hybrid designs, such as filigree-enhanced bangles, while colonial policies post-1813 imposed import duties that curtailed exports but spurred local adaptations for global markets.^[29] In the 19th and early 20th centuries, industrialization transformed bangle manufacturing, particularly for glass varieties, enabling mass production to meet rising demand. In Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, the industry took root around 1908 with the establishment of factories like the Indian Glass Works, leveraging railway access and skilled labor to produce thousands of bangles daily using local silica and soda ash.^[30] By the 1920s, post-World War I disruptions in European imports boosted local output, with over 70 factories operational by 1949, shifting from artisanal to mechanized processes while maintaining traditional shaping methods.^[30]^[31] Regional adaptations further diversified bangle styles during this era, notably in Bengal where 18th-century influences yielded metal-based designs with gold elements. Nakshi bangles, featuring engraved bronze or alloy bases overlaid with gold strips and filigree, emerged as a hallmark of Bengali craftsmanship, incorporating local motifs and trade-introduced techniques for everyday and ceremonial use.^[32]^[33]

Cultural Significance

Symbolism

In Hindu traditions, bangles serve as a profound symbol of marital status for women, with unbroken glass bangles representing the vitality and sanctity of marriage, while their deliberate breaking upon a husband's death signifies widowhood and the transition to a life of austerity.^[34] This practice underscores the cultural emphasis on conjugal bonds, where the presence of intact bangles is believed to invoke blessings for the husband's longevity and familial harmony.^[35]^[36] Within Islamic and Sikh communities, particularly in Punjabi culture, bangles such as the chura worn during weddings embody auspiciousness, acting as protective talismans to ward off evil spirits and ensure prosperity for the couple.^[37] The chura, often comprising red and white sets, symbolizes marital fidelity and the warding of negative energies, reinforcing social and spiritual well-being in these life-cycle rituals.^[38] In Indian Muslim weddings, bangles similarly denote good fortune and the bride's new status, blending cultural practices that highlight protection and abundance.^[39] Bangles hold spiritual resonance in Indian classical dances like Bharatanatyam and Kathak, where the clinking sound produced by their movement enhances rhythmic precision and invokes divine energy, symbolizing harmony between the performer and the cosmic order.^[40] This auditory element contributes to the dances' devotional essence, evoking a sense of spiritual vitality and rhythmic flow that connects the earthly performance to transcendent themes.^[41] Beyond South Asia, bangles symbolize femininity, protection, and social identity in African and Arabian contexts shaped by historical trade with the Indian subcontinent. In East African societies, brass bangles influenced by Indian designs represent cultural heritage and female empowerment, serving as markers of identity and safeguards against misfortune.^[42] In the Arabian Gulf, gold bangles signify marital commitment, faith, and protection, embodying women's social status and resilience amid cultural exchanges.^[43]

Usage in Rituals and Daily Life

In Hindu wedding rituals, brides traditionally adorn each arm with multiple sets of bangles, often ranging from 16 to 21 or more, selected in auspicious colors such as red and green to invoke prosperity and good fortune.^[44] These are typically presented by the groom's family during the ceremony, symbolizing the bride's transition into married life, after which married women continue to wear bangles daily as a mark of their marital status.^[45]^[46] Bangles also feature prominently in other life-cycle events within Hindu traditions. They are gifted to toddlers, particularly in the form of silver bangles with black beads, believed to offer protection against the evil eye and negative energies during vulnerable early years.^[47] In contrast, during mourning periods following a husband's death, widows ritually break their glass or lac bangles, removing them entirely as a sign of transition to widowhood and exclusion from auspicious activities.^[35] Beyond rituals, bangles integrate into daily and performative contexts across India. In folk dances such as Nati from Himachal Pradesh and Jhora from Uttarakhand, female performers wear metal or wooden bangles as part of traditional attire, where their clinking sounds enhance the rhythmic auditory experience and synchronize with movements.^[48] In urban settings, bangles have evolved into casual fashion accessories, blending traditional designs with modern styles for everyday wear among women of all ages. Regional customs further diversify bangle usage. In Bengali weddings, brides receive sets of lac bangles in vibrant red or coral hues, often paired with conch shell varieties during the Sankha Porano ritual, where the red lac evokes the application of sindoor to affirm marital bonds.^[49] Among tribal communities in Rajasthan, such as the Bhil, women wear distinctive bangles—frequently crafted from lac, silver, or wood—as markers of ethnic identity and social status within their groups.^[50]^[51]

Design and Materials

Design Features

Bangles are typically rigid, circular or oval bands measuring approximately 2 to 3 inches in diameter, designed to encircle the wrist snugly without clasps in their traditional form.^[52]^[53]^[54] These dimensions allow for easy slippage over the hand while maintaining a secure fit during wear. They are commonly stacked in multiples on each wrist to enhance both visual layering and the auditory clinking produced by movement, amplifying their presence in social and ceremonial contexts. Decorative elements on bangles often include intricate engravings of floral or abstract motifs, filigree work formed from twisted wires, and embedded gemstones such as diamonds set in traditional styles like polki, which feature uncut stones for a textured sparkle.^[52]^[53]^[54] Some variations incorporate embroidery on fabric-wrapped exteriors, adding patterned textile accents for softer, culturally specific aesthetics. Functional designs vary by type, with metal bangles frequently featuring hinged mechanisms or pin-and-screw clasps for easy donning and removal, ensuring durability and adjustability.^[52]^[53] In contrast, traditional glass bangles are seamless rings, molded in a single piece to provide structural rigidity and prevent breakage during stacking or daily use. Width variations contribute to their versatility, with thin bands of 1–2 mm suited for everyday wear due to their lightweight profile and subtle presence, while broader versions up to 1 cm emphasize ceremonial occasions by intensifying the clinking sound when stacked.^[55]^[56]

Common Materials

Bangles are commonly crafted from metals prized for their durability and luster. Gold, often used in pure or alloyed forms with 22–24 karat purity, provides exceptional malleability and resistance to tarnish, making it suitable for intricate designs while alloys enhance its strength for daily wear.^[57] Historically, gold bangles have symbolized wealth and status in Indian culture since ancient times, with archaeological evidence from the Indus Valley Civilization indicating their use in elite adornment.^[58] Silver, a more affordable alternative, is frequently oxidized to create a darkened patina that accentuates engravings and offers antimicrobial properties beneficial in humid climates.^[59] Its softness allows for detailed filigree work, though it requires periodic polishing to maintain shine, and has been a staple in everyday and ceremonial jewelry across South Asia for centuries.^[60] Base metals like copper and brass, valued for their conductivity and warm tone, provide economical options for routine use, though they may develop a natural patina over time that adds character but can cause skin irritation if unalloyed.^[61] Glass bangles, typically made from colored soda-lime glass, are fired at high temperatures to achieve rigidity and a smooth, resonant finish that produces a distinctive chime when worn in sets. This material's brittleness makes it prone to breakage upon impact, limiting its suitability for rough activities, yet its low cost and ability to hold vibrant, translucent hues—derived from metal oxide additives—have made it a popular choice for festive and bridal ensembles since the mid-second millennium BCE.^[62] Archaeological findings from sites like Taxila confirm glass's longstanding role in mass-produced adornment, offering an accessible alternative to precious metals. Among organic materials, lac-based bangles derive from a natural resin secreted by insects, which is dyed with pigments and molded while pliable to form lightweight, glossy bands that harden upon cooling.^[63] This thermoplastic quality allows for vibrant multicolored effects and embedded decorations, though lac's susceptibility to heat and moisture requires careful handling; its use traces back to ancient Indian crafts, particularly in regions like Rajasthan for ritual wear.^[64] Wooden bangles, carved from sustainable hardwoods and often lacquered for protection against wear, offer a rustic texture and natural insulation, common in tribal communities where they symbolize connection to the environment, as documented in ethnographic studies.^[50] Shell bangles, fashioned from polished conch shells, provide a pearlescent sheen and organic durability due to the calcium carbonate composition, which resists cracking better than glass; sourced from coastal areas, they have held ceremonial importance in Hindu traditions for over 2,000 years, valued for their hypoallergenic nature and subtle luster.^[65] Synthetic materials like plastic and acrylic have gained prominence since the mid-20th century as cost-effective imitations of traditional bangles, offering superior lightness—often under 10 grams per piece—and resistance to breakage, ideal for active lifestyles.^[66] Their hypoallergenic properties, stemming from non-reactive polymers, make them suitable for sensitive skin, and the ability to mimic gold or glass finishes through injection molding has democratized access to ornate designs, rising in popularity post-independence as affordable alternatives amid economic shifts in India.^[67]

Types

By Construction

Bangles can be classified by their construction, which determines their rigidity, ease of wear, and overall functionality. This categorization highlights structural variations that influence how the jewelry is donned and its practicality for extended use. Solid cylinder bangles are seamless, rigid rings formed as continuous loops, often from glass or metal, that must be slipped over the hand onto the wrist. These non-adjustable designs provide a fixed fit and are prized for preserving traditional forms without joints or openings. Split spring or hinged bangles incorporate openable mechanisms, such as a split with spring tension or a hinge paired with a clasp, allowing the piece to be fastened around the wrist rather than slipped on. This construction enhances accessibility, particularly for those with larger hands or mobility limitations, and is prevalent in modern iterations using gold or silver for added comfort during prolonged wear.^[68]^[69] Wrapped or layered bangles involve encasing a core base—typically bone or metal—with overlying layers of fabric, thread, or lac coating to create textured, multifaceted surfaces. This method supports diverse embellishments while maintaining flexibility in the overall structure, though the bangle remains largely rigid once assembled.^[70]^[71] Adjustable variants employ expandable elements like coiled wires or flexible segments that can be stretched or twisted to accommodate varying wrist sizes, distinguishing them from fixed forms. These are less common and appear mainly in contemporary designs blending global influences for versatile, user-friendly wear.^[72]

By Material and Region

In the Indian subcontinent, bangles are often distinguished by their integration of precious materials with regional craftsmanship traditions. Jadau bangles, originating from Rajasthan, particularly Jaipur, feature gemstones set into gold or silver foil to amplify their luster, representing one of the earliest forms of Indian jewelry developed in royal courts.^[73] These pieces emphasize intricate stone settings that blend Moghul influences with local Rajasthani artistry, commonly adorning wrists in ceremonial contexts. Similarly, Meenakari bangles from Jaipur involve enameling vibrant colors—such as ruby red, green, and white—onto a gold base, a technique rooted in Persian methods but refined under Mughal patronage in the 16th century.^[74] This enameling process creates durable, colorful motifs that highlight Jaipur's status as a jewelry hub. In Hyderabad, lac bangles made from resin are a staple, crafted in the bustling lanes of Chudi Bazaar near Charminar, where artisans embed artificial stones and glass beads to mimic sparkling night skies. These lightweight, affordable bangles reflect Deccani traditions, with households specializing in their production for everyday and festive wear.^[75] Glass bangles, produced in vibrant colors through molding and annealing techniques, are widely worn across India, particularly in wedding sets and daily adornment. Originating from medieval production centers in regions like Firozabad, they symbolize prosperity and are often sold in multiples for the traditional clinking sound.^[9] Bengali bangles prominently feature conch shell, known as shakha, carved from white Turbinella pyrum shells, symbolizing marital purity when paired with red coral pola bangles for Hindu married women.^[76] White shakha bangles are worn by married women during rituals and daily life; unmarried women and widows do not wear them, underscoring their role in Bengali cultural identity. Artisans in Bengal's villages carve and polish these shells, ensuring the bangles withstand wear while maintaining their translucent, pearl-like appearance.^[77] Gold-striped bronze variants also emerge in Bengali styles, combining metallic sheen with shell elements for enhanced durability in humid climates. Among Punjabi and Sikh communities, chura sets represent wedding-specific bangles, typically comprising 21 pieces per arm in ivory or metal, gifted to the bride as a symbol of prosperity and new beginnings.^[78] These sets often mimic ivory through resin or lac bases adorned with stones, reflecting Punjab's bridal traditions where the even number signifies marital harmony. Metal versions, sometimes silver or gold-plated, add weight and permanence for post-wedding retention. Beyond South Asia, African tribal bangles often incorporate beads, as seen in Maasai influences where beaded bracelets denote age, status, and clan affiliation.^[79] These beaded bangles, prevalent among East African pastoralists, emphasize communal craftsmanship and are layered for rhythmic movement during dances. In Southeast Asia, Burmese jade bangles, carved from nephrite or jadeite sourced from Kachin mines, symbolize wealth and protection, often worn in stacked sets for their cool, resonant tone.^[80]

Production

Traditional Methods

Traditional glass bangle production involves melting soda-lime glass, a mixture of silica sand, soda ash, and lime, in high-temperature furnaces reaching 1400–1500°C, with metal oxide colorants added to create vibrant hues such as red, green, or blue.^[81] The molten glass is then gathered on an iron rod and drawn or blown into long, thin tubes, which are cut to length and reheated to form circular shapes, often using molds or manual coiling around a rotating rod to join the ends seamlessly by 'stitching' the softened glass.^[82] These raw bangles undergo annealing in specialized kilns, where they are slowly cooled over several hours to relieve internal stresses and prevent cracking, a process refined in Firozabad since the 18th century but rooted in medieval Indian glassworking traditions dating back to the 15th century or earlier.^[83]^[84] In metalworking, particularly during the Mughal era (16th–19th centuries), artisans hammered thin sheets of gold or silver into tubular forms using heavy anvils and specialized hammers to achieve precise curvature for bangles.^[85] The seams of these tubes were then soldered using a flux-assisted heat application from charcoal forges, ensuring a strong, invisible joint without weakening the metal's integrity.^[85] Patterns were hand-engraved afterward with fine chisels and punches, creating intricate motifs like floral designs or geometric motifs inspired by Persian influences, a technique that emphasized the metal's malleability and durability in pre-industrial workshops across northern India.^[86] Lac bangles, prominent in Rajasthani artisanal practices, begin with mixing natural lac resin—derived from insect secretions—with dyes and fillers like wax or talc over low heat to achieve pliability and color vibrancy, often in shades of red, green, or multicolored layers.^[87] This softened mixture is applied thickly to a heated wooden or iron mold, such as a rod or conical former, and rolled or pressed to form a uniform cylindrical shape, which is then cut and wrapped around a temporary base for rigidity during shaping.^[88] Upon slight reheating to bond the layers, the bangle is cooled rapidly in air or water to harden the lac into a brittle yet glossy form, a process honed by generations of craftsmen in Jaipur since at least the 17th century.^[87]

Modern Production

In contemporary bangle manufacturing, industrial glass production has become highly mechanized, particularly in Firozabad, India, where over 100 factories operate to account for the majority of the country's glass bangles, with the industry generating a turnover of under ₹1,000 crore (about $120 million) annually as of 2024. Factories such as Nadar Bux & Co. utilize semi-automated molding and coloring machines to output 38,000 to 64,000 bangles per day, scaling up to 150,000 during peak festival seasons, though overall production has declined by about 50% in the last decade due to shifting consumer preferences and rising costs.^[89]^[62] These advancements, including the shift to natural gas furnaces from coal to reduce emissions, have enabled continued production while addressing some environmental concerns, though challenges like rising fuel costs, pollution, and climate impacts persist as of 2025.^[90]^[91] The industry has faced criticism for poor working conditions, including child labor and health hazards such as respiratory diseases from silica dust; as of 2024, around 500,000 workers are employed, many in hazardous environments.^[92] Metal bangle fabrication has embraced precision technologies like CNC machining for intricate designs and adjustable hinges, allowing for efficient production of lightweight, durable pieces in factories across Asia. Electroplating techniques, often applying thin layers of 18K gold or rhodium over base metals such as brass or alloy, have surged in popularity since the early 2000s due to escalating gold prices, which reached record highs above $2,500 per ounce in 2025, making solid gold bangles less accessible and imitation versions outselling authentic ones by significant margins. This method not only cuts material costs but also enhances corrosion resistance, supporting the creation of affordable luxury items for broader consumer bases.^[93]^[94]^[95] Sustainable practices are increasingly integrated into bangle production to meet global demands for eco-conscious jewelry, with manufacturers incorporating recycled plastics from waste streams to form colorful, lightweight bangles that reduce reliance on virgin materials. Ethical sourcing of gems, such as conflict-free stones verified through certifications like the Kimberley Process, alongside hypoallergenic synthetics like nickel-free alloys and stainless steel, caters to sensitive skin markets in Europe and North America. These innovations, driven by industry shifts toward circular economies, help minimize environmental impact while maintaining aesthetic appeal.^[96]^[97]^[98] Global market dynamics have propelled the rise of imitation bangles made from plastic and alloy, particularly in Asia and Africa, where affordable alternatives dominate due to economic accessibility and cultural preferences for vibrant, stackable designs. The costume jewelry sector, including these imitations, is projected to grow from $31.08 billion in 2024 to $47.61 billion by 2030, fueled by e-commerce platforms offering online customization options like engraving and size adjustments. Fusion designs blending traditional motifs with Western minimalism, such as oxidized silver accents on alloy bases, reflect this trend toward versatile, cross-cultural appeal in emerging markets. In 2025, U.S. tariff hikes have delayed bangle exports worth ₹100 crore ($12 million).^[99]^[100]^[101]^[102]

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https://www.landesa.org/rituals-of-marriage-create-untold-suffering-for-millions-of-widows-in-india/
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https://www.reuters.com/article/world/factbox-smashed-bangles-and-no-red-sarees-indias-widows-face-colourless-life-idUSKCN0Z706U/
[37]
The Bangle Ceremony: Everything You Need to Know About this ...
Aug 20, 2025 · A married Indian woman wears bangles made of glass, lac, or gold to signify prosperity and good fortune. A bangle ceremony is a significant ...
[38]
https://www.mybridalchura.com/post/understanding-the-significance-of-wedding-chura-in-indian-culture
[39]
The Tinkling Of Bangles - Hill Post
May 23, 2025 · A bangle striking each other to produce a tone is a part of an Indian dance form. Music of 'love and happiness' may emanate from the clinking of the bangles.
[40]
African Brass Bangles: Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Adornment!
Jun 5, 2025 · African bracelets have long been a symbol of cultural identity, tradition, and artistry in East Africa. ... influenced by Arab and Indian cultures ...
[41]
https://hillpost.in/2025/05/the-tinkling-of-bangles/166639/
[42]
[PDF] Jewelry in Hinduism: A Mission Challenge
To understand the meaning of adornment to Hindus, it is necessary to survey its meaning in the religious setting, everyday life, and traditions. Hindus employ ...Missing: significance | Show results with:significance
[43]
Tamil Wedding Gifts | USC Digital Folklore Archives
May 1, 2017 · And they put it on during the wedding ceremony. The groom's family buys the girl gold bangles and puts in on during the ceremony as well.
[44]
An Excellent Foundation | Carnegie Mellon Today
Apr 1, 2009 · The bangles are much more than expensive Indian jewelry. In traditional Hindu culture, the bracelets are treasured symbols of marriage ...
[45]
Why are Black Bead Silver Bangles so Important for Babies?
By wearing black bead silver bangles, it is believed that babies are protected from harm, illness, or bad luck that may come their way through jealousy or envy.
[46]
[PDF] Folk Dances of India
Aug 30, 2024 · Both male and female dancers wear metal or wooden bangles on their hands and colourful thread bracelets on their wrists. P. They may also ...
[47]
https://silverhouseshop.in/importance-of-black-bead-silver-bangles/
[48]
[PDF] Indian Tribal Ornaments; a Hidden Treasure - IOSR Journal
Jewellery for women in Rajasthan plays a vital role in their lifestyle.Rajasthani women adorn themselves starting from their forehead upto the toe. The Bhil ...
[49]
Why do many women in the tribes of Rajasthan (India) wear ivory ...
Nov 23, 2019 · These ivory bangles have special marital significance to them and essentially signals protective beliefs associated with them. Additionally, it also signifies ...
[50]
Bangle | V&A Explore The Collections
Apr 14, 2015 · The makara heads and outer face of each bangle is set with rubies and diamonds in kundan gold on an enamelled ground of green picked out in red ...
[51]
Bangle | unknown - Explore the Collections - V&A
Apr 8, 2003 · The use of a red and green piece of glass and applied rings of twisted wire are both characteristic of Syrian traditional jewellery.
[52]
Bangles | V&A Explore The Collections
Apr 2, 2003 · Each bracelet has a plain ridge along its outer edges which is repeated along the centre, dividing the bracelet into two flat horizontal fields.
[53]
[PDF] burmese jade: the inscrutable gem | gia
Bangle Bracelets. Bangles are one of the most popu- lar forms of jadeite jewelry, symbolizing unity and eternity. Even today, it is widely believed in the.
[54]
[PDF] Material Acts in Everyday Hindu Worlds
Some babies wear plain black glass bangles or little black bangles studded with pieces of reflective glass that are believed to literally deflect the evil eye.
[55]
Lac bangles~jaipur - Craft Archive | Research on Indian Handicrafts ...
Many Rajasthani rituals require specific ornamentations and the lac bangles are one of them. These are highly sought after for local celebrations such as teej, ...
[56]
https://gaatha.org/Craft-of-India/research-lac-bangles-jaipur-city/
[57]
History of Bangles - Touch of Class Paithani
The first discovery of bangle is attributed to the Mohenjo-Daro [2600 BC] settlements some 5000 years from now. It is thus considered as beginning of Bangles ...
[58]
http://touchofclasspaithani.com/Docs/History_of_Bangles.html
[59]
https://www.perniaspopupshop.com/about-jewellery/oxidised
[60]
The Fascinating World of Metal Bangles
Jul 25, 2023 · These early bangles were crafted from materials such as copper and bronze and held cultural and symbolic significance.Missing: suitability | Show results with:suitability
[61]
Why People Risk Their Lives to Make Millions of Bangles in India
Jan 29, 2023 · Glass bangles are a staple accessory for women in India. But making them is a dangerous and labor-intensive process that often pays less than $10 a day.Missing: soda- lime fired rigidity inexpensive historical
[62]
Maniharon ka Raasta | Lac Bangle | Story of Indian crafts ... - Gaatha
Feb 28, 2012 · Lac bangles are made in Jaipur's 'Maniharon ka Raasta' by Manihari women, using lac resin, wax, and talc, with men preparing the raw material.Missing: dyed properties
[63]
History: Evolution of Lac Bangles - www.choodiwala.in
Lac bangles are an ancient jewelry form, with the Manihar community in Rajasthan making them. Lac is from insects, and the custom started with Shiva and ...Missing: molded properties
[64]
Shankha Pola Bangles: A Legacy of the Ancient World - Brown History
Dec 12, 2023 · Mostly worn by women of the Bengali community, these bangles are symbolic of their marital status. While we might have spotted these in ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology<|control11|><|separator|>
[65]
Embracing Tradition with a Modern Twist: The Rise of Plastic Bangles
Explore how plastic bangles offer sustainable, stylish solutions for Indian women, preserving tradition with a modern twist.
[66]
Traditional Bangles: Materials and Designs Through the Ages
Jul 25, 2024 · There are numerous traditional bangles in Indian culture, including glass, gold, silver, lac, wooden, plastic, metal, and ivory. Each type ...Missing: properties | Show results with:properties
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https://blog.thegoldencascade.com/bangles/traditional-bangles
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https://gatsbyjewellery.co.uk/blogs/antique-jewellery-guides/what-different-types-of-bangles-are-there
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Lac Bangles of India: Meaning, Making & Designs - BlueStone Blog
Jul 28, 2025 · These bangles are made from resin collected from insects found in tropical rainforests. The resin is processed, melted, and molded to form these ...Missing: properties | Show results with:properties
[70]
Lac Bangles
### Summary of Lac Bangles Construction
[71]
https://www.craftsinindia.com/lac-bangles/
[72]
[PDF] Jaipur, India: The Global Gem And Jewelry Power Of The Pink City
Jadau: Jewelry in which gemstones are set with gold or ... It is the oldest form of Indian jewelry and is believed to have originated in the royal courts of ...
[73]
Meenakari - Handmade in Rajasthan
Jaipur is the main center of meenakari. Traditional Mughal colours like red, green and white, dominate the art of enameling from Jaipur. The rich, ruby red ...
[74]
Discover Unique Shopping in Hyderabad - Incredible India
Discover lac bangles adorned with artificial diamonds like stars in the night sky; delight in pearls, jewellery, paintings and Bidri ware to collect; wrap ...
[75]
[PDF] Handicrafts Survey Monograph on Conch Shell Products, Part VII-A ...
white conch shell bangles manufactured by village artisans only on occasions. The married women exclusively use white conch shell bangles mainly on ...
[76]
Customs & Traditions - Embassy of India, Kyiv, Ukraine
A conch- shell filled with water, auspicious ... Are a pair of shell (shakha) and red coral (paula) bangles worn as marriage symbols by the Bengali women.
[77]
Lac Bangles
May 6, 2017 · Chooda is a kind of bangle that is worn by Punjabi women on her wedding day. It is aset of white and red bangles with stone work. According ...Missing: sets ivory
[78]
Africa - Hudson Museum - The University of Maine
Maasai Beaded Necklace. c. 1960. Among the Maasai beaded necklaces were often everyday adornment and they could indicate social or marital status. Sometimes ...Missing: tribes | Show results with:tribes
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Beautiful Glass Bangles From Bangle City Firozabad- A Guide
More than just accessories, these Firozabadi bangles are a celebration of Indian femininity, heritage, and craftsmanship. bangles. Let's take a journey through ...
[80]
Bangle Making - Glass work of Firozabad - D'source
Molten soda glass is coiled around a rotating rod, cut, then the open ends are joined by melting and 'stitching' the glass.
[81]
Indian town where glass-making is a household craft - Al Jazeera
Feb 13, 2015 · Firozabad located in Uttar Pradesh state has been producing glass bangles for more than 200 years. Workers melting glass in traditional furnace.
[82]
[PDF] HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL TOWN OF BANGLE MAKERS
Firozabad in 20th Century. Before year 1920 Firozabad was into the farming, import and export of bamboo and neel. After 1920 glass came to Firozabad. Firstly ...
[83]
Jewellery Making Methods in India - IIG South
Jul 17, 2025 · Hand-Hammering: Silver and brass sheets are shaped using hammers and anvils to create bangles, anklets, and arm cuffs. Predominantly practised ...
[84]
Out of India - ResearchGate
The textural ornamentation by hammering, engraving, inlaying creates the unique decorative effect Mainly six techniques-Aftabi, Koftgiri, Tehnishan, Zarbuland, ...
[85]
The Ancient Art of Making Lac Bangles | Indianbijou - WordPress.com
May 16, 2015 · The art of making lac bangles is unique to India. This natural resin has been mentioned in Indian texts as ancient as the Vedas.Missing: molded properties
[86]
Lac Bangles Making Process- aarozandcompany.com
### Traditional Lac Bangle Making Process in Rajasthan
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https://indianbijou.wordpress.com/2015/05/16/lac-bangles-india/
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Glass Bangles Capital, Glassware Export Hub & Glass Industry Leader
Firozabad glass bangles cluster with 10,000+ micro furnace units produces 85% India's bangles output manufacturing 200 million pieces daily generating ₹3,800+ ...Missing: annually | Show results with:annually
[89]
From bangles to bottles: the changing face of Firozabad's glass ...
Apr 28, 2024 · Firozabad, which was once the largest producer of glass bangles in the world, has shrunk its production by about 50% in the last decade.
[90]
[PDF] A STUDY OF FIROZABAD BANGLE INDUSTRY - IJAPRR
The Sadar Bazar of Firozabad is most famous for bangle shops. For production of bangles, the latest innovations are tried in the technology for production.<|control11|><|separator|>
[91]
BANGLEMASTER Jewelry CNC for Bangle & Ring Production
Mar 26, 2016 · BANGLEMASTER is a professional jewellery milling machine totally controlled by computer. It has up to 12-axis movements and it's now very ...Missing: modern metal electroplating imitation
[92]
Jewelers lean into gold-plated jewelry as prices hit record highs
Aug 8, 2025 · Surging gold prices have contributed to a 10% price increase in Signet's fashion jewelry, the company said in its most recent earnings report.
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Why Gold Plated Jewellery is Outselling Real Gold in 2025
Jun 17, 2025 · The sales of gold plated jewellery have surpassed real gold in 2025. Consumer preference is shifting towards affordable luxury. Artificial ...
[94]
Making Plastic Bangles: Embrace Elegance With Style
Raw materials for plastic bangle production can be sourced locally from plastic industries that recycle plastics to create acrylic plastic pipes. Additionally, ...
[95]
Sustainability in Jewelry: How Ethical Sourcing and Eco-Friendly ...
Sep 16, 2024 · Sustainability in jewelry refers to the transparent and responsible sourcing practices in the jewelry supply chain, encompassing the use of materials and the ...
[96]
Electroplating Jewellery - Ganoksin Jewelry Making Community
Jan 24, 2024 · It can be done successfully with very simple, basic equipment. Finished carat gold jewellery may be electroplated with gold for several reasons.Missing: rising | Show results with:rising
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Costume Jewelry Market Size, Share & Growth Report, 2030
The global Costume Jewelry Market size was valued at USD 31.08 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 47.61 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of ...Missing: bangles bangle
[98]
Imitation Bangles - Etsy
4.7 1.5K Check out our imitation bangles selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our bangles shops.
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https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/costume-jewelry-market