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Bata

Bata most commonly refers to the Bata Corporation, a family-owned multinational footwear, apparel, and fashion accessories manufacturer and retailer headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded on September 21, 1894, in Zlín (then part of Austria-Hungary, now the Czech Republic), by siblings Tomáš, Anna, and Antonín Baťa, the company pioneered affordable mass-produced shoes and expanded globally, building company towns and achieving recognition as the world's largest shoe manufacturer and retailer by Guinness World Records in 2004.^[1] As of 2025, it operates in 56 countries with approximately 32,000 employees, 19 manufacturing sites, and around 6,000 retail outlets.^[2]^[3] Bata may also refer to: For detailed information, see the respective sections below.

Organizations

Bata Corporation

The Bata Corporation, a multinational footwear manufacturer and retailer, was founded on September 21, 1894, by siblings Tomáš, Anna, and Antonín Baťa in Zlín, then part of Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic), starting as a modest shoe repair shop with limited capital from family inheritance.^[1] Under Tomáš Baťa's leadership, it rapidly transformed into a pioneering industrial enterprise by adopting mechanized production techniques, including steam-driven machinery introduced in 1897 and the assembly line in 1914, which enabled mass production of affordable shoes inspired by Fordist efficiency principles.^[1]^[4] To facilitate global expansion, the company established self-contained company towns, such as Batanagar in India (opened in 1931) and Batawa in Canada (developed in the late 1930s), integrating housing, schools, and welfare systems for workers.^[1]^[5] During the 1920s and 1930s, Bata experienced explosive growth, increasing its workforce from 8,300 employees in 1928 to over 65,000 by 1938 and producing 168,000 pairs of shoes daily by 1935, making it one of the world's largest footwear producers.^[1] In 1939, as World War II loomed, Thomas J. Bata, son of the founder, emigrated to Canada with key personnel and families, establishing operations there including the Batawa community, to safeguard the company from the European conflict. The global headquarters was later relocated to Toronto in 1964 and to Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2004.^[1]^[5] Post-war, the company rebuilt and expanded internationally, achieving a network of around 6,000 retail stores across more than 56 countries as of 2025, while employing around 34,000 people worldwide and selling approximately 148 million pairs of shoes annually.^[2] As of 2025, Bata remains a family-owned enterprise, with the Bata family holding primary control, generating annual revenue exceeding $5 billion through its diversified operations.^[6]^[7] The corporation emphasizes sustainable footwear production, including eco-friendly materials, waste reduction, and innovation centers focused on environmental impact, alongside robust e-commerce platforms enhanced by generative AI for personalized customer experiences across 30 countries.^[8]^[9] Its portfolio features brands like North Star for urban sneakers and Bubblegummers for children's footwear, catering to diverse markets.^[10] The name "Bata" originates from the Baťa family surname, but in Yoruba (a language in Nigeria and West Africa), "bata" coincidentally means "shoe," contributing to the brand's strong cultural resonance and popularity on the continent, where it often became synonymous with footwear.^[1] The Bata family also established the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto to preserve the company's heritage.^[1]

Bata Shoe Museum

The Bata Shoe Museum, located in Toronto, Canada, was established through the Bata Shoe Museum Foundation in 1979 by the Bata family, including Sonja Bata and her husband Thomas J. Bata, to house and display an international collection of footwear and preserve the company's shoemaking heritage as part of the Bata Corporation's centennial celebrations in the mid-1990s.^[11] The museum officially opened to the public on May 6, 1995, at 327 Bloor Street West, following temporary exhibitions that began in 1992.^[12] The museum's collection comprises nearly 15,000 artifacts spanning 4,500 years of footwear history, including ancient Egyptian sandals from around 2000 BCE, indigenous footwear such as Inuit sealskin boots, and celebrity items like Marilyn Monroe's red satin heels worn in 1957.^[11] These are organized into permanent galleries, such as "All the World's Shoes," which explores global cultural variations in footwear design and use, and "Shoemaking Then and Now," which traces the evolution of production techniques from handmade methods to modern industrial processes.^[13] The collection also features unique items from the Baťa family's personal holdings, including early prototypes and machinery developed by company founder Tomáš Baťa in the early 20th century.^[11] Architecturally, the museum was designed by Raymond Moriyama of Moriyama and Teshima Architects as a modern interpretation of a shoebox, with its limestone-clad exterior, canted walls for an open feel, and a cantilevered glass-and-steel staircase leading to exhibition spaces.^[14] The three-story structure emphasizes light-filled interiors and symbolic elements, such as bronze shoe medallions on handrails, to evoke the journey of shoemaking.^[14] As an educational institution, the Bata Shoe Museum serves as a research center for calceology—the study of footwear—hosting rotating exhibitions on topics like footwear technology and cultural symbolism, alongside programs such as field research sponsorships, publications, and public workshops.^[11] It attracts tens of thousands of visitors annually, contributing to broader understanding of footwear's role in human history and society.[]

Places

Bata, Equatorial Guinea

Bata is the largest city and primary economic center of Equatorial Guinea, situated in Litoral Province on the mainland region of Río Muni along the Atlantic coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Located approximately 29 kilometers north of the Mbini River, the city experiences a tropical rainforest climate characterized by high temperatures averaging 26–30°C year-round and substantial annual rainfall exceeding 2,000 mm, contributing to lush vegetation and frequent humidity. As of 2025 estimates, Bata's population stands at around 510,000 residents, reflecting its role as the most populous urban area in the country and a hub for internal migration.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] Established in the late 19th century as a Spanish colonial trading outpost during the era of Spanish Guinea, Bata initially served as a minor port for exporting timber and agricultural goods. Following Equatorial Guinea's independence from Spain on October 12, 1968, the city was designated the administrative capital of the mainland, shifting economic and governance focus from the island capital of Malabo to support continental development. Significant growth accelerated in the mid-1990s with the discovery of substantial offshore oil reserves by companies like ExxonMobil, transforming Bata into a key node for resource extraction and export, though this boom also intensified urban pressures.^[19]^[20]^[21] Economically, Bata functions as the nation's principal port, managing the majority of imports and exports including petroleum products, timber, and fisheries, with recent expansions positioning it as a major West African gateway capable of handling increased container traffic. The city hosts Bata International Airport, which underwent a major upgrade with a new passenger terminal completed in October 2024, now accommodating up to 2 million travelers annually and facilitating regional flights to destinations in Africa and Europe. Key industries encompass oil refining, commercial fishing along the Gulf coast, and timber processing, bolstered by national infrastructure initiatives in the 2020s such as road improvements connecting Bata to neighboring Cameroon and Gabon, alongside urban expansion projects to accommodate population influx.^[22]^[23]^[24] Culturally, Bata reflects a diverse ethnic mosaic dominated by the Fang-Bantu group, who form the majority on the mainland, alongside Bubi communities from Bioko Island through historical migration and intermarriage, fostering a blend of Bantu traditions, Spanish colonial influences, and modern urban life. Notable landmarks include the Cathedral of Bata, a colonial-era structure serving as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese, and the Torre de la Libertad, a 30-meter tower symbolizing independence erected in the 1970s along the waterfront promenade. Despite economic gains from oil, the city grapples with significant challenges such as widespread urban poverty, with national poverty rates estimated at 57% as of 2024, and environmental degradation from occasional oil spills in nearby offshore fields, which have polluted coastal waters and impacted fishing livelihoods. Bata's population has grown at an annual rate of approximately 3.5% in recent years, largely driven by rural-to-urban migration seeking employment opportunities. Additionally, its scenic coastal landscapes, including sandy beaches and vibrant port views, have made it an attractive filming location for international documentaries and media productions highlighting African maritime culture.^[25]^[16]^[26]^[27]

Other Locations Named Bata

In addition to the prominent city of Bata in Equatorial Guinea, several smaller locations worldwide bear the name Bata, often reflecting local linguistic or historical influences. Geographic databases indicate over 40 such places across 27 countries as of 2025.^[28] In Africa, Bata is a small locality in Gbako Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria, serving as a rural community in a region focused on agriculture.^[29] Another Bata exists as a populated village in the former Bas-Congo Province (now Kongo Central) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, situated near Kinshasa and characterized by rural farming activities at an elevation of approximately 613 meters.^[30] Europe hosts modest settlements named Bata, such as the village of the same name in Pazardzhik Province, Bulgaria, with a population of 943 residents as of 2024 and historical connections to the Ottoman era through its regional heritage.^[31] In Hungary, Báta is a small agricultural community in Tolna County, with medieval origins and a population of 1,382 in 2023, located near the Danube-Drava National Park.^[32]^[33] Globally, other notable examples include Bata, a locality in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea, at an elevation of about 1,802 meters amid highland terrain. In India, Batanagar is a neighborhood in the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, positioned along the Ganges River and integrated into the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority as a residential and industrial suburb. Similar minor sites appear in Brazil, such as Batatuba, a locality tied to historical industrial development. Many of these names stem from local ethnic terms or colonial influences, with etymological variations: in Slavic languages, "Bata" often derives from personal names or diminutives, while in African Bantu contexts, it can relate to terms denoting dwellings or paths.^[34]^[35]^[1]

Cultural References

Batá Drum

The Batá drum is a sacred double-headed hourglass-shaped percussion instrument central to Yoruba religious traditions, consisting of a set of three drums known as the iyá (largest, or "mother" drum), itόtele (medium), and okónkolo (smallest, or "baby" drum). These drums are played together to produce interlocking polyrhythms that mimic human speech and invoke spiritual forces during rituals. Developed among the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria, the Batá ensemble emerged as a key element of Orisha worship, with its formalized structure linked to the Oyo Empire and refined through migrations in the early 19th century.^[36]^[37] The drums are traditionally carved from a single piece of hardwood, such as the oma tree or siam oak, forming conical shells that taper from a larger base to a smaller top, with heights ranging from approximately 48 to 69 cm depending on the drum size.^[36]^[38] Each drum features two heads made from goat or cow skin, stretched and tuned using rope lacing to create distinct high and low tones, often arranged in a triplet configuration where the iyá leads with resonant bass, the itόtele provides mid-range responses, and the okónkolo maintains steady ostinatos.^[36] In contemporary practice, synthetic skins are sometimes used on replicas for greater durability and weather resistance, while maintaining the traditional hand-carved aesthetic.^[36] Players strike the heads using bare hands—employing fingers for open tones, palms for muffs, and edges for slaps—though some modern adaptations incorporate sticks for emphasis.^[38]^[36] In Yoruba culture, the Batá drums hold profound spiritual significance, serving as the primary instruments for Orisha worship in ceremonies that honor deities such as Changó (Shango), the orisha of thunder and drums.^[38]^[37] Rhythms known as toques encode oríkì (praise poetry) and facilitate spirit invocation, inducing trance possession (montar) during extended rituals like toques de santo or wemilere, where the drums' polyrhythmic patterns—often in 6/8 or 12/8 time—build communal energy and spiritual communitas.^[38]^[37] The consecrated fundamento drums house the orisha Añá, a protective deity, and are played only by initiated male drummers (omo Añá) in a fraternal lineage, emphasizing the instrument's role in maintaining ritual purity and cultural continuity.^[39] Through the transatlantic slave trade in the 19th century, many Yoruba individuals were forcibly brought to Cuba, where the Batá tradition adapted into Afro-Cuban Santería (Regla de Ocha), blending with Catholic elements while preserving core rituals.^[39] From Cuba, the practice spread to Puerto Rico, Brazil's Candomblé—where Batá drums accompany orisha ceremonies without the same guild structure—and the United States via migration, influencing global Afro-diasporic music.^[39]^[40] Modern ensembles can expand to up to ten or more performers in large ceremonies, incorporating additional percussion for amplified rituals.^[37] Performance techniques emphasize the Batá's capacity as a "talking drum," with drummers using variable tension and strikes to replicate the three-tone Yoruba language, creating interlocking patterns that convey coded messages, praises, or calls to specific orishas like Changó through rhythms such as ñongo or chachalokpfun.^[38]^[37] The iyá improvises floreos (embellishments) to lead and cue transitions, while the supporting drums respond in call-and-response, fostering a dynamic dialogue that sustains ceremonies for hours.^[36] Ethnographic studies document hundreds of distinct toques, each tailored to orishas or ritual phases, highlighting the instrument's complexity and adaptability in both sacred and secular fusions like batarumba.^[37] The name "Batá" derives from the Yoruba term bàtá, evoking the act of rhythmic beating central to its spiritual voice.^[38]

Bata in Martial Arts

Bataireacht, commonly referred to as Bata in its core weapon and practice, is a traditional Irish martial art centered on stick fighting that originated in the 16th century as a practical form of self-defense amid British weapon bans.^[41] It peaked in popularity during the 18th and 19th centuries, when practitioners used readily available blackthorn walking sticks, known as shillelaghs or bata, for both personal protection and participation in faction fights—large-scale brawls at festivals, fairs, or funerals that often involved hundreds of combatants settling disputes or defending community honor.^[41] These conflicts, while sometimes recreational, could turn deadly, with historical records noting over 40% of murders between 1866 and 1892 linked to such altercations.^[42] The art nearly vanished by the early 20th century due to the Great Famine's devastation and shifting social norms, but surviving family lineages preserved fragments of the tradition.^[42] The term "bata" derives directly from the Irish Gaelic word for "staff" or "cudgel," reflecting its roots in everyday rural tools adapted for combat; this usage is documented as early as 1785 in Francis Grose's A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, where it is defined as "a staff or cudgel. Irish."^[43] Weapons in bataireacht are typically single shillelaghs made from knobby blackthorn wood, measuring roughly three-quarters of the practitioner's height for optimal reach and balance, though variations include shorter batons wielded in pairs for close-quarters defense.^[44] Techniques emphasize thrusting jabs, hooking sweeps to unbalance opponents, and robust blocking parries, integrated with unarmed elements like punches, kicks, and grapples to enable fluid transitions in dynamic fights against one or multiple adversaries.^[41] Historically trained in informal "schools" led by traveling masters who passed knowledge orally through apprenticeships, the system favored precision and natural body mechanics over raw power, drawing influences from earlier Celtic broadsword methods and Gaelic boxing traditions.^[45] Culturally, bataireacht embodies Irish resilience and communal solidarity, serving as a non-lethal outlet for agrarian tensions and resistance during centuries of colonial oppression, while aligning with broader Gaelic athletic practices that celebrated physical prowess and honor.^[41] Competitions, when held, prioritize controlled precision—awarding points for clean strikes—over brute force, with bouts typically lasting several minutes to simulate real encounters without excessive injury.^[41] In modern revivals since the early 2000s, groups like the Doyle family system and Antrim Bata tradition, led by figures such as Bernard Leddy and Máistir Max Chouinard, have reconstructed and formalized the art through structured curricula emphasizing self-defense and cultural preservation.^[45] Today, bataireacht is taught in martial arts academies and study groups across Ireland, the UK, and the USA, with additional outposts in North America and beyond, sustaining an estimated several hundred active practitioners through weekly classes, seminars, and online resources.^[41] Variations persist between single-stick forms focused on extended reach and two-stick styles for rapid, paired offense and defense, reflecting regional adaptations while maintaining the art's core emphasis on efficiency and adaptability.^[46]

Mythology and Linguistics

Bata (Egyptian Deity)

Bata is an ancient Egyptian deity primarily recognized as a bull-god during the New Kingdom, serving as the central figure in the mythological narrative "The Tale of Two Brothers," recorded on Papyrus d'Orbiney (British Museum EA 10183) from the reign of Seti II around 1200 BCE.^[47] In this story, Bata, portrayed as a virtuous herdsman and younger brother to Anubis, faces betrayal when his sister-in-law falsely accuses him of assault, prompting him to sever his own phallus in grief and flee to the Valley of the Acacia. There, the Ennead of gods, moved by his plight, fashion a wife for him from clay using the potter god Khnum, but her subsequent infidelity leads to Bata's repeated deaths and resurrections—first as a magnificent bull offered to the pharaoh, then as a persea tree, and finally reborn as a child who ascends to the throne after 30 years. These transformations underscore Bata's embodiment of fertility through his seed-like phallus and bovine form, as well as divine kingship, reflecting core Egyptian ideals of renewal and cosmic order.^[48] The tale's motifs of injustice, loyalty, and resurrection position Bata within the broader pantheon of bovine deities, where he symbolizes agricultural abundance and mortuary regeneration, akin to the sacred bull Apis but with distinct narrative emphasis on personal endurance.^[49] Iconographically, Bata appears as a bull with human features, evoking strength and virility, and shares symbolic ties to the war god Montu via the bull's martial connotations, though direct syncretism remains interpretive. Worship of Bata occurred during the Middle and New Kingdoms (c. 2050–1070 BCE), centered in the 17th Upper Egyptian nome near Thebes, where he was venerated alongside his brother Anubis in local cults emphasizing protection and rebirth; evidence includes ram-headed representations linking to his agricultural role, though bull forms dominate mythological depictions.^[48] Artifacts such as bull statues from Deir el-Medina tombs, home to royal necropolis workers, illustrate bovine veneration in this Theban region, potentially invoking Bata's resilient archetype during funerary rites.^[49] Bata's story, one of the earliest known literary works featuring shape-shifting and predating comparable Greek myths like those in Ovid's Metamorphoses by over a millennium, influenced later traditions by paralleling themes of calumny and divine vindication seen in Greco-Roman narratives.^[50] As part of Egypt's bovine deity tradition, his cult waned after the New Kingdom amid shifting religious priorities, yet echoes persisted into the Ptolemaic era, as referenced in Papyrus Jumilhac, which alludes to Bata's mythic legacy in Hermopolitan theology.^[51]

Bata Language and Names

The Bata language (ISO 639-3: bta) is a Chadic language belonging to the Biu-Mandara subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic family, spoken primarily along the Cameroon-Nigeria border.^[52]^[53] As of 2016, it was used by around 361,000 people as a first language, with the majority (approximately 344,000) residing in Adamawa State, Nigeria, particularly in areas such as Demsa, Maiha, Yola North, Song, Girei, and Fufore local government areas, and a smaller number (about 17,000) in Cameroon's North Region.^[54]^[55] Like other Chadic languages, Bata employs a tonal system to distinguish lexical and grammatical meanings, typically featuring two to three tones.^[56] The language is spoken by the Bata people (also known as Bate or Bwatiye), an ethnic group whose traditional economy revolves around agrarian activities, including farming crops like maize, sorghum, beans, and cassava, as well as fishing and hunting along the Benue River and its tributaries.^[57]^[58] The Bata maintain distinct cultural practices, such as the four-day Ngarude festival, which marks the opening of the farming season and reinforces community ties across related groups in Demsa, Mbula, Numan, and Lamurde. In the 2010s and 2020s, the Bata communities have faced disruptions from the Boko Haram insurgency, which targeted Adamawa State through attacks on local government areas like Demsa and Numan, displacing residents and affecting agricultural and social life; as of 2025, resurgent jihadist violence continues to drive humanitarian needs, including food insecurity and displacement in the region.^[59]^[60]^[61] According to Ethnologue assessments, the Bata language remains stable, with all members of the ethnic community using it as a primary means of communication, though it is not formally taught in schools.^[52] Beyond linguistics, "Bata" serves as a personal name or surname across diverse cultures, reflecting varied etymologies. In Slavic contexts, particularly Czech, "Baťa" is a notable surname derived from a dialectal term of endearment or address for an older man, popularized by the Baťa family, founders of the global shoe manufacturer in the early 20th century.^[62] In West African Yoruba culture, "bàtà" directly translates to "shoe," a term embedded in everyday language and cultural expressions related to footwear.^[63] Etymological variations extend further: in Irish Gaelic, "bata" means "stick" or "staff," often referring to a walking aid or weapon.^[64] In Indonesian, "bata" denotes "brick," commonly used in construction contexts.^[65] Onomastic studies indicate the surname "Bata" appears in over 120 countries, with significant concentrations in Africa (particularly Southern Africa), Asia, and Europe.^[66] The prominence of "Bata" as a name in 20th-century Europe surged due to the international success of the Bata shoe company, founded in 1894 by Tomáš Baťa, which expanded to dozens of countries and associated the name with industrial innovation and consumer goods. This economic influence contributed to its adoption beyond original Slavic roots. In ancient contexts, "Bata" appears briefly as the name of an Egyptian deity associated with stability and craftsmanship in mythological tales.

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[47]
What is Irish stick fighting? - HEMA Misfits
Feb 3, 2015 · While bata usually refers to a “stick”, reacht being the equivalent to “ing”. Bataireacht would then be the “sticking” or “cudgelling”. Boiscín ...
[48]
papyrus | British Museum
The D'Orbiney Papyrus presents one of the more famous of Egyptian literary compositions, variously interpreted in modern times as a fairy tale, a historical ...
[49]
(PDF) On the Nature of Bata, the Hero of the Papyrus d'Orbiney
Bata likely represents a reappearance of the Old Kingdom deity Bt, with agricultural and mortuary aspects. The Shepherd Song and the Papyrus d'Orbiney link Bata ...
[50]
(PDF) Bull Cults - ResearchGate
Oct 21, 2020 · A number of bull cults were present in ancient Egypt. The detailed ideas behind their inceptions are nowhere set out, but it seems very ...
[51]
Projective Inversion in the Ancient Egyptian "Tale of Two Brothers"
After ruling for 30 years, Bata dies and is succeede the throne by Anubis. Stith Thompson, arguably the greatest American folklorist of the 20th century, struck ...
[52]
Bata - Gods of Ancient Egypt
Sources: “Bata (God).” Wikipedia, 8 July 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bata_(god). Lloyd, Alan B. “Heka, Dreams, and Prophecy in Ancient Egyptian Stories.<|control11|><|separator|>
[53]
Bata Language (BTA) - Ethnologue
Bata is a stable indigenous language of Nigeria and Cameroon. It belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family. The language is used as a first language by all in ...Missing: Chadic | Show results with:Chadic
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Bata - Glottolog 5.2
Spoken L1 Language: Bata. Classification. open Bata; expand all; collapse all ... Jilbe. ▻East Chadic (36). ▻East Chadic A (14). ▻East Chadic A.1 (6).
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Bate in Nigeria people group profile | Joshua Project
The Bate in Nigeria have a population of 344,000, speak Bata, are primarily Muslim (73%), and are considered indigenous. They are located in Adamawa state.
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Bate in Cameroon people group profile | Joshua Project
Bata (17,000 speakers). Language Code, bta Ethnologue Listing. Total Languages, 1. People Groups, Speaking Bata. Resources. Submit update. Primary Language: ...
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Chadic languages | African Language Family - Britannica
All Chadic languages have tonal systems, in which two tones (or, in some languages, three) are used to distinguish words and other meaningful units. In some ...
[58]
Bwatiye - Cultures
Service Access. The Bwatiye economy is primarily agrarian, with farming and fishing as main occupations. Trade and crafts also contribute to livelihoods. ...Missing: herding | Show results with:herding
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The Majestic Bwatiye People: A story of bravery and unity in North ...
Sep 24, 2025 · Economically, the Bachama are farmers, fishers and hunters. They cultivate crops such as maize, guinea corn, beans, cassava, and vegetables; ...Missing: herding | Show results with:herding
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Bwatiye people - Wikipedia
It is a four-days festival that tends to unite Demsa, Mbula, Numan and Lamurde in worshipping their common deities and to also declare farming activities open. ...Missing: economy | Show results with:economy
[61]
Nigeria's Battle With Boko Haram | Council on Foreign Relations
Aug 8, 2018 · Boko Haram, known for mass kidnappings, bombings, and other acts of terrorism, remains an enduring threat to northern Nigeria and the Lake ...Missing: Bata | Show results with:Bata
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“Those Terrible Weeks in Their Camp”: Boko Haram Violence ...
Oct 27, 2014 · This report, based on field research, including interviews with victims and witnesses of abduction, documents the abduction of women and girls by Boko Haram.Missing: Bata impact
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Bata Name Meaning and Bata Family History at FamilySearch
Slovak (Baťa and Báťa): from báťa, a dialect word of Hungarian origin used as a term of address for an older man. Compare the Czech name above.
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What does bata mean in Yoruba? - WordHippo
What does bata mean in Yoruba? · boot · shoe · sho · shoelace · bootless · pair ...
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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bata#Irish
[66]
https://forebears.io/surnames/bata
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Bata Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
The last name Bata is mostly found in Africa, where 66 percent of Bata live; 51 percent live in Southern Africa and 49 percent live in Luso-Southern Africa.