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Converse

Converse may refer to:

Concepts in [[mathematics and logic]], such as the [[logical converse]] of a statement or the [[converse relation]] in set theory
[[Geography|Geographical locations]] in the United States, including settlements, counties, and regions
[[Vessels|Naval vessels]], such as the [[USS Converse (DD-291)]] and [[USS Converse (DD-509)]]
[[Converse (brand)]], an American footwear company known for sneakers like the Chuck Taylor All Star
[[Converse as a Surname]], a family name associated with notable individuals
[[Converse College]], now part of Converse University in South Carolina

Mathematics and Logic

Logical Converse

In logic, the converse of a conditional statement, expressed as P \to Q (if P, then Q), is the statement Q \to P (if Q, then P).^[1]^[2] The truth value of the converse is independent of the original conditional and is not logically equivalent to it; while the original may hold, the converse can be true or false on its own merits. For instance, the statement "All cats are mammals" (P \to Q, where P is "is a cat" and Q is "is a mammal") is true, but its converse "All mammals are cats" (Q \to P) is false, as many mammals, such as dogs and humans, are not cats.^[1]^[3] The concept traces its origins to classical logic in Aristotle's syllogistic framework, where conversions involved interchanging subject and predicate terms in categorical propositions to derive valid inferences, such as from "No B is A" to "No A is B."^[4] This was later formalized in modern propositional logic, where implications and their converses are analyzed using symbolic notation and truth tables to assess validity.^[5] In theorem proving, the converse of a proven implication requires its own independent proof, even if the original holds; for example, the Pythagorean theorem states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides (a^2 + b^2 = c^2), and its converse—that if a^2 + b^2 = c^2 in a triangle, then it is right-angled—is true but proven separately using geometric constructions or congruence arguments.^[6]^[7] A common misconception is assuming that a true conditional implies its converse is also true, leading to a biconditional statement (P \leftrightarrow Q) where both directions hold equivalently; this error, known as the fallacy of the converse, occurs when the reverse implication is unproven or false.^[8] The converse in propositional logic parallels the set-theoretic converse of a binary relation, which reverses ordered pairs, though the former focuses on implications rather than relations.^[9]

Converse Relation

In mathematics, the converse of a binary relation R \subseteq A \times B is the relation R^c \subseteq B \times A defined by R^c = \{ (b, a) \mid (a, b) \in R \}, which reverses the order of elements in each pair.^[10] This operation swaps the domain and codomain of the relation while preserving its cardinality.^[11] Common notations for the converse include R^{-1} or \tilde{R}, emphasizing its role as an inverse in the relational sense.^[10] For example, if R = \{ (1,2), (2,3) \} \subseteq \mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{N}, then R^c = \{ (2,1), (3,2) \}.^[11] The properties of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity are preserved under converse: R is reflexive if and only if R^c is reflexive, R is symmetric if and only if R = R^c, and R is transitive if and only if R^c is transitive.^[12] If R represents a function from A to B, then R^c is a relation from B to A but is not necessarily a function, as multiple elements in A may map to the same element in B, resulting in multiple outputs for a single input in R^c.^[13] Applications of the converse relation appear in graph theory, where it corresponds to reversing the direction of all edges in a directed graph; in order theory, where the converse of a partial order yields its dual order; and in database queries, where it facilitates reverse joins to retrieve related records in the opposite direction.^[14] For instance, the "less than" relation < on the real numbers has converse >, and both are asymmetric relations, meaning if a < b then not b < a, and similarly for the converse.^[12]

Converse in Semantics

In semantics and linguistics, converse relations describe pairs of expressions that denote the same underlying relation between entities but from reciprocal or reversed perspectives. For instance, the pair "buy" and "sell" captures a commercial transaction such that X buys an item from Y if and only if Y sells it to X, while "parent" and "child" express a generational kinship from opposite viewpoints. These relations are inherently asymmetric, involving two participants where the direction or focus shifts between them./06%3A_Lexical_sense_relations/6.02%3A_Identifying_Sense_Relations) Converse pairs can be categorized into lexical converses, which are directly encoded in the vocabulary as inherent opposites like "above" and "below," and derived converses, which emerge from perspective reversals in relational verbs such as "give" and "receive," where the transfer of possession is viewed from the donor's or recipient's standpoint. This distinction highlights how language encodes relational dynamics through built-in lexical items or contextual shifts.^[15] The theoretical foundations of converse relations trace back to structural semantics, influenced by Ferdinand de Saussure's emphasis on meaning as arising from systematic oppositions and interdependencies within the linguistic sign system. Subsequent developments in lexical semantics, notably by John Lyons and D. Alan Cruse, formalized these as relational antonyms—distinct from complementary or gradable antonyms—focusing on their role in expressing reciprocal viewpoints rather than mere negation or opposition. Unlike antonyms, which often denote incompatible qualities (e.g., "hot" vs. "cold"), converses maintain the relation's existence while inverting the participants' roles.^[16] Illustrative examples include "teach" and "learn from," where one term describes the instructor's action implying the learner's reception, forming a direct reciprocal pair. In contrast, non-converses like "kill" lack a straightforward inverse (there is no lexical "unkill" or "die by"), underscoring that not all unidirectional actions yield converses. These pairs draw foundational support from the mathematical notion of a converse relation, which inverts a binary relation while preserving its essence./06%3A_Lexical_sense_relations/6.02%3A_Identifying_Sense_Relations)^[17] In natural language processing, converse relations facilitate tasks such as paraphrase detection by identifying semantically equivalent sentences through relational inversions (e.g., recognizing "X hired Y" as equivalent to "Y was hired by X") and enhance machine translation by ensuring consistent perspective handling across languages. These applications leverage converse awareness to improve semantic similarity models and cross-lingual alignment.^[18]^[19]

Converse Accident

The converse accident, also known as the fallacy of the exception or reverse accident, is a formal fallacy in deductive reasoning where an exception to a general rule is improperly generalized to apply universally, leading to an invalid broad conclusion.^[20] This error occurs when atypical or limited instances are treated as representative of all cases, effectively inverting the fallacy of accident by moving from specific exceptions to unwarranted generalizations.^[21] It is closely related to hasty generalization but specifically emphasizes overextending exceptions rather than insufficient evidence alone.^[20] Aristotle did not explicitly distinguish the converse accident in his Sophistical Refutations, where he identified the related fallacy of accident as one of thirteen sophistical refutations, defined as claiming an attribute belongs similarly to a thing and its accident (SR 5, 166b28).^[22] The concept of converse accident emerged later in logical analysis as the inverse of accident, formalized in modern texts like Irving M. Copi's Introduction to Logic (1953), which categorizes it among informal fallacies of generalization.^[23] In logical form, the fallacy proceeds from a specific instance that qualifies an exception—"This particular X is not Y due to circumstance Z"—to the invalid conclusion "No X is Y," ignoring the general rule that most X are Y under normal conditions.^[21] For example, observing that "one vegetarian I know is unhealthy due to poor diet choices, so vegetarianism must be unhealthy for everyone" overgeneralizes from an exceptional case without considering the broader evidence supporting health benefits in typical scenarios.^[20] Another illustration is arguing "I know a hardworking student who failed an exam, therefore hard work does not lead to success," which dismisses the general correlation by focusing on an atypical failure.^[21] The converse accident is the inverse of the accident fallacy, where a general rule is misapplied to an exception, whereas here the exception undermines the rule entirely; it is distinct from the non-fallacious logical converse in implications, which validly reverses conditional statements like "if P then Q" to "if Q then P" only under specific equivalence conditions.^[20] As a subtype of hasty generalization, it shares the error of insufficient sampling but uniquely prioritizes exceptions to refute established patterns.^[21] To avoid the converse accident, reason inductively by gathering diverse evidence before generalizing, or qualify statements with conditions such as "generally" or "in most cases" to acknowledge potential exceptions without invalidly dismissing the rule.^[23]

Geography

Settlements in the United States

Converse is the name of several incorporated and unincorporated settlements across the United States, primarily small communities with roots in 19th-century development tied to transportation and natural resources.^[24] In Indiana, Converse is a town straddling Miami and Grant counties in the northern part of the state. Laid out in 1849 as Xenia by O.H.P. Macy and Willis Elliot, it was renamed Converse on August 1, 1892.^[25]^[26] The community experienced growth through railroad expansion and a natural gas boom in the late 19th century, supporting local agriculture and industry. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,164.^[27] In Blackford County, Indiana, Converse is a nearly extinct unincorporated community in Jackson Township. Originally platted in the late 19th century, it featured a post office from 1880 to 1904 and was tied to local agriculture and rail lines, now consisting mainly of scattered farms and residences.^[24] Converse, Louisiana, is a village in Sabine Parish in the northwestern part of the state. Established around 1906 along the Kansas City Southern Railroad, it developed amid the region's lumber industry, which drove economic activity through timber harvesting and milling in the early 20th century.^[28] The village later shifted toward farming and small-scale commerce. The 2020 census recorded a population of 379.^[29] The largest settlement is Converse, Texas, a city in Bexar County northeast of San Antonio. Named for James Converse, chief engineer of the Southern Pacific Railroad, who acquired land there in 1877, the community began as a railroad stop and grew slowly as a farming area.^[24] Post-World War II suburban expansion transformed it into a residential enclave, with incorporation occurring in 1961. By the 2020 census, the population reached 27,466.^[24] Smaller unincorporated or extinct communities bearing the name Converse include one in Clinton County, Missouri, laid out in 1870 as a railroad station with a post office operating until 1933, now largely vanished with fewer than 100 historical residents. In Spartanburg County, South Carolina, Converse is a census-designated place originally tied to textile mills and agriculture, with a 2020 census population of 534 and a 2023 ACS estimate of 424.^[30]^[31] Efforts to locate communities in Erie County, New York, and Erie County, Ohio, yielded no verified settlements of notable size or historical record under that name. These places often trace their origins to 19th-century railroad development or resource extraction, with many named after local businessmen or executives involved in transportation. Over time, economies transitioned from rail-dependent agriculture and lumber to modern suburban or rural residential uses.^[24]^[28]

Counties and Regions in the United States

Converse County in Wyoming is the principal administrative division in the United States bearing the name Converse. Established on March 9, 1888, from portions of Albany and Laramie counties, it covers a land area of approximately 4,255 square miles and had a population of 13,751 according to the 2020 United States Census.^[32]^[33] The county seat is Douglas, selected by popular vote on May 18, 1888, reflecting the rapid organization of frontier governance in the Wyoming Territory.^[33] Named for Amasa R. Converse, a prominent Cheyenne banker and Wyoming pioneer who supported early territorial development through financial investments in ranching and infrastructure, the county embodies the economic ambitions of late-19th-century settlers.^[33] Its geography centers on the North Platte River valley, with expansive prairies, buttes, and the Powder River Basin, which includes significant portions of the Thunder Basin National Grassland—a 553,000-acre federal area managed for mixed-grass prairie preservation, wildlife habitat, and resource extraction.^[34] This grassland, spanning Converse and adjacent counties, supports biodiversity amid historical grazing lands and modern energy activities. The economy of Converse County relies heavily on energy production and agriculture, with oil and natural gas fields like the Big Muddy Oil Field contributing to regional output, alongside coal mining in the Powder River Basin and emerging wind energy projects.^[34] Ranching remains a cornerstone, sustaining cattle operations on the vast open ranges, while tourism draws visitors to sites like Fort Fetterman State Historic Site, established in 1867 during conflicts with Native American tribes.^[34] An energy boom in the Powder River Basin from the early 2000s through the mid-2010s spurred population growth, with the county adding residents tied to fossil fuel extraction before stabilizing around 13,800 by the late 2010s.^[35]^[36] Demographically, Converse County maintains a rural character, with low population density and a median age of about 41 years, reflecting communities centered on resource industries rather than urban centers.^[32] The region's history includes significant Native American influences, as the area served as hunting grounds for the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes prior to Euro-American settlement, with treaties like the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie delineating boundaries that encompassed much of present-day Wyoming.^[34] Conflicts, such as the 1866 Fetterman Massacre near Fort Fetterman involving Cheyenne and Sioux warriors, underscored the tensions during the Indian Wars era.^[34] Converse County's formation played a role in Wyoming's path to statehood in 1890, as its organization in 1888 helped consolidate territorial administration amid ranching expansions and railroad arrivals that boosted Douglas as a hub.^[33]^[34] No other current counties in the United States are named Converse, though historical records note minor townships or districts with the name in states like Indiana during early 19th-century land divisions before modern county formations.^[37]

Vessels

USS Converse (DD-291)

USS Converse (DD-291) was a Clemson-class destroyer of the United States Navy, named in honor of Rear Admiral George Albert Converse (1844–1909), a pioneering naval officer who advanced the use of electricity, smokeless powder, and torpedo boats during his career, including service in the Spanish-American War.^[38] She was laid down on 13 August 1919 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at Squantum, Massachusetts, launched on 28 November 1919 under the sponsorship of Miss E. C. Colt, and commissioned on 28 April 1920 with Lieutenant Commander E. G. Haas in command.^[39] Upon entering service, Converse joined the Atlantic Fleet, initially operating in a reserve status from 11 June 1920 to support Naval Reserve training along the New England coast.^[38] Full commissioning followed on 1 July 1922, after which she participated in fleet problems and engineering evaluations.^[40] As a standard Clemson-class vessel, Converse displaced 1,190 tons at standard load, measured 314 feet 5 inches in length with a beam of 31 feet 8 inches and draft of 9 feet 10 inches, and achieved a top speed of 35 knots powered by two steam turbines and four Yarrow boilers.^[40] Her armament included four 4-inch/50-caliber guns in single mounts, twelve 21-inch torpedo tubes arranged in three quadruple launchers, and provisions for depth charges, with a complement of approximately 120 officers and enlisted personnel.^[39] During her experimental phase, modifications included testing equipment like the Arma gyro compass and a reduced torpedo battery to four tubes, alongside two 3-inch anti-aircraft guns.^[38] From 1922 to 1928, Converse conducted operations along the East Coast and in the Caribbean, including a goodwill cruise to European ports such as Antwerp, Amsterdam, Cherbourg, and Southampton from 18 June 1924 to 16 July 1925, as well as participation in Scouting Force exercises and fleet problems that honed interwar naval tactics.^[41] In 1926 and 1927, she supported Naval Reserve training cruises, and from 23 February 1927, she evaluated the innovative Flettner rudder—a cycloidal propulsion device designed to improve maneuverability—during trials in the Delaware River.^[38] Redesignated an experimental ship of the Scouting Fleet in 1928, Converse conducted advanced engineering tests for the Bureau of Engineering, including boiler and propulsion trials in the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay, as well as torpedo firings at Newport and evaluations in Charleston.^[38] She saw no combat service but contributed significantly to naval technology development in the interwar period. Decommissioned on 1 May 1930 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, she was struck from the Naval Register and sold for scrapping on 17 January 1931 in compliance with the London Naval Treaty.^[40] The name Converse was later reused for the Fletcher-class destroyer USS Converse (DD-509).

USS Converse (DD-509)

USS Converse (DD-509) was a Fletcher-class destroyer in the United States Navy, the second ship named for Rear Admiral George Albert Converse (1844–1909), who had previously been honored by the earlier USS Converse (DD-291).^[42] Her keel was laid down on 23 February 1942 by Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, and she was launched on 30 August 1942, sponsored by Miss Audrey V. Jackson, granddaughter of the namesake admiral.^[42] The ship was commissioned on 20 November 1942 under the command of Commander D. C. E. Hamberger.^[42] As a standard Fletcher-class vessel, Converse displaced 2,050 tons at standard load, measured 376 feet 6 inches in length with a beam of 39 feet 4 inches and draft of 13 feet 9 inches, and achieved a maximum speed of 36.5 knots.^[43] Her armament included five 5-inch/38 caliber guns in single mounts, ten 21-inch torpedo tubes in two quintuple mounts, four 1.1-inch quadruple anti-aircraft guns, four 20 mm anti-aircraft guns, two depth charge tracks, and six depth charge projectors.^[42] The ship carried a complement of 273 officers and enlisted personnel.^[42] Following shakedown operations, Converse arrived at Nouméa, New Caledonia, on 17 May 1943 and began escorting convoys to Guadalcanal and supporting operations in the New Georgia group.^[42] Assigned to Destroyer Squadron 23 ("Little Beavers"), she participated in the northern Solomons campaign from 31 October 1943 to 4 February 1944, earning the Presidential Unit Citation for actions including the Bougainville landings on 31 October–1 November, where she screened cruisers during shore bombardment, and the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay on 1–2 November, during which she helped sink a Japanese cruiser and destroyer.^[42] On 16–17 November 1943, she engaged and damaged a Japanese submarine, and on 24–25 November, as part of a night surface action off Cape St. George, she contributed to sinking three Japanese destroyers.^[42] Throughout 1944, Converse escorted fast carriers during strikes on the Palaus, Hollandia, Truk, Saipan, and the Marianas, fighting in the Battle of the Philippine Sea on 19–20 June.^[42] In the Philippines campaign, she provided radar picket duty during the Battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944, escorted resupply convoys to Leyte on 21 December, and supported landings at Mindoro, Lingayen Gulf, Corregidor (where she fired star shells under enemy fire to aid troops on 26 February 1945), and Panay.^[42] Her final wartime duty was radar picket service off Okinawa from 16 May 1945 until the end of hostilities.^[42] For her World War II service, Converse received the Presidential Unit Citation and 11 battle stars on the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, recognizing participation in campaigns such as the Treasury-Bougainville and Bismarck Archipelago operations, the Hollandia and Marianas operations, the Leyte and Luzon operations, and the Okinawa Gunto operation.^[44] Converse was decommissioned on 23 April 1946 at Charleston, South Carolina, and placed in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet.^[42] On 1 July 1959, under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program, she was transferred to the Spanish Navy and renamed Almirante Valdés (D-23), serving until stricken on 17 November 1986 and subsequently scrapped in 1988.^[45]

Other Uses

Converse (brand)

Converse is an American footwear and apparel company founded in 1908 by Marquis Mills Converse in Malden, Massachusetts, initially focusing on the production of rubber galoshes and other weather-related footwear.^[46] The company expanded into athletic shoes in 1917 with the introduction of the Non-Skid, one of the first basketball-specific designs, marking its entry into the sports market.^[47] Over the following decades, Converse became synonymous with basketball culture, particularly through its iconic canvas high-top sneakers. The brand's most famous product, the Chuck Taylor All Star, originated in the early 1920s as a performance basketball shoe and gained widespread recognition after basketball player Charles "Chuck" Taylor endorsed it in 1923, leading to his signature on the ankle patch by 1934.^[48] Other notable lines include the Jack Purcell, introduced in 1935 as a badminton and tennis shoe designed for champion Jack Purcell, with Converse acquiring the rights in 1972; the One Star, launched in 1971 and later embraced by skateboarders; and the Pro Leather, a premium basketball sneaker debuted in 1976 and popularized by NBA star Julius Erving.^[49]^[47]^[50] In terms of ownership, Converse was acquired by the Eltra Corporation in 1972 and later faced financial challenges, filing for bankruptcy in 2001 before being purchased by Nike, Inc., for $305 million in 2003, operating as a wholly-owned subsidiary since then.^[51]^[52] Under Nike, the brand generated approximately $2.4 billion in revenue for fiscal year 2023 and $1.7 billion for fiscal year 2025.^[53]^[54] Converse products are sold in over 160 countries worldwide, reflecting its global reach.^[55] Culturally, Converse has symbolized youth rebellion and creativity since the 1970s, when it was adopted by punk rock bands like the Ramones, and through the 1980s and 1990s by hip-hop artists and grunge icons such as Kurt Cobain of Nirvana, who helped cement its status in alternative scenes.^[56]^[57] High-profile collaborations, including limited-edition designs with musicians and brands, have further amplified its influence in streetwear and music culture. In recent years, Converse has prioritized sustainability through initiatives like the Renew collection, launched in 2019, which incorporates recycled materials such as PET from plastic bottles and upcycled denim into products like the Chuck Taylor All Star.^[58]

Converse as a Surname

The surname Converse is of English origin, derived from the Old French word "convers," meaning "converted," typically referring to an individual who had converted from secular life to religious vows or, in some cases, from Judaism to Christianity during the medieval period.^[59] It may also trace to French roots, denoting someone from the place Coignières in France.^[60] In the United States, the surname is borne by approximately 5,870 individuals as of recent estimates, primarily concentrated in states like California, New York, and Michigan.^[60] Many American bearers of the Converse surname descend from early settlers who arrived in the 17th century, including Deacon Edward Converse, who emigrated from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony around 1630 and helped found Woburn, Massachusetts.^[61] His lineage includes notable descendants in New England, reflecting the family's ties to Puritan communities and subsequent westward migration.^[62] Among historical figures, Amasa Rice Converse (1842–1885) was a prominent banker and cattle rancher in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where he co-founded the First National Bank and amassed wealth through ranching investments during the territory's boom years.^[34] Converse County, Wyoming, established in 1888, was named in his honor for his contributions to the region's economic development.^[33] Another key historical individual was Harriet Maxwell Converse (1836–1903), an author, poet, and advocate for Native American rights, particularly among the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy.^[63] Adopted into the Seneca nation's Snipe Clan in 1884, she documented Iroquois myths, legends, and governance structures in works like Myths and Legends of the New York State Iroquois (1908), while lobbying Congress for land rights and cultural preservation on behalf of Indigenous communities.^[64] Frank B. Converse (1837–1903), though better known as a pioneering banjoist and instructor in early American minstrel shows, contributed to the development of banjo techniques that influenced 19th-century theater and music performance.^[65] His instructional methods and compositions helped popularize the instrument in vaudeville and concert settings across the United States. In the modern era, Frank Converse (born 1938) is an American actor recognized for leading roles in television series such as N.Y.P.D. (1967–1969) and Movin' On (1974–1976), as well as stage work on Broadway, including revivals of Our Town.^[66] Political scientist Philip E. Converse (1928–2018) advanced the field of public opinion research through seminal studies on voter behavior and belief systems, notably co-authoring The American Voter (1960), which shaped understandings of electoral dynamics.^[67] The surname also appears in the founding of the Converse footwear brand by Marquis Mills Converse (1861–1931), a Massachusetts businessman who established the Converse Rubber Shoe Company in 1908.^[68]

Converse College

Converse College was established in 1889 in Spartanburg, South Carolina, by a group of local leaders seeking to provide higher education for women in the region.^[69] The institution was named in honor of Dexter Edgar Converse, a prominent textile magnate and philanthropist who contributed significantly to its founding through land donations and financial support.^[70] Originally envisioned as a liberal arts college, it opened its doors on October 1, 1890, with an initial enrollment of 117 students, emphasizing a rigorous curriculum that included sciences, languages, and the fine arts to prepare women for intellectual and professional pursuits.^[69] Over the decades, Converse evolved from its early focus on women's education into a comprehensive institution while maintaining its commitment to liberal arts excellence. By the 1960s, it introduced coeducational graduate programs, marking the first such expansion beyond its undergraduate women's college model, and its total enrollment grew to support diverse offerings in education, music, and the humanities.^[70] The college reached a notable undergraduate peak of approximately 930 students in 2017, reflecting steady growth amid regional demand for quality higher education.^[71] Academically, Converse prioritized interdisciplinary learning, particularly in the arts and emerging fields like education and health sciences, while holding accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) since its early years, ensuring alignment with national standards for women's and liberal arts education.^[72] Among its distinguished alumni are Pulitzer Prize-winning author Julia Peterkin, known for her depictions of Southern life, and Broadway performer Kimilee Bryant, highlighting the institution's impact on creative and intellectual fields.^[70] In 2021, facing enrollment challenges common to small liberal arts colleges, Converse transitioned its undergraduate programs to coeducational status and officially adopted the name Converse University to reflect its expanded scope, including robust graduate and online offerings.^[73] This evolution preserved its historic campus in Spartanburg while broadening access, with current total enrollment exceeding 1,900 students across undergraduate and graduate levels.^[74] The university's legacy endures as a pioneer in Southern women's higher education, fostering generations of leaders through its emphasis on transformative learning and community engagement. As of 2025, Converse continues to thrive, earning recognition in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges rankings in the 2026 edition as #33 (tie) in Regional Universities South and #8 in Best Value Schools, supported by a vibrant alumni network and ongoing digital initiatives to archive its rich history.^[75]

References

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[29]
City and Town Census Counts - STATS Indiana
Indiana City/Town Census Counts, 1900 to 2020 ; Columbus city, 8,130, 8,813 ; Connersville city, 6,836, 7,738 ; Converse town, 1,415, 1,164 ; Cordry Sweetwater ...
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Converse – Toledo Bend Lake
Converse was built in 1906 and is the Northernmost town of Sabine Parish. Located on the once thriving Kansas City Southern railroad.
[31]
Converse, Louisiana Population 2025
Converse has a 2025 population of 376. Converse is currently declining at a rate of -0.27% annually and its population has decreased by -1.05% since the most ...
[32]
Converse, Texas - Wikipedia
As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 27,466. It is part of the San Antonio metropolitan statistical area. Converse, Texas.Missing: incorporated | Show results with:incorporated
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Converse, Missouri - Wikipedia
Converse is an extinct hamlet in southeastern Clinton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. History. edit. Converse was laid out in 1870 when the railroad ...Missing: unincorporated | Show results with:unincorporated
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Converse, SC - Profile data - Census Reporter
Census data for Converse, SC (pop. 424), including age, race, sex, income, poverty, marital status, education and more.
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None
- **2020 Census Population**: 13,751
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History | Converse County, WY
Converse County was established March 9, 1888. It was named after Amasa R. Converse, a Wyoming pioneer and Cheyenne banker. Converse County was carved from ...
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Converse County, Wyoming | WyoHistory.org
Nov 8, 2014 · Converse County, Wyo., lists Triceratops discoveries and the annual Wyoming State Fair among its claims to fame.
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Energy extraction fuels boom in region - Wyoming Tribune Eagle
Jan 9, 2015 · Converse County added 480 new residents; Platte a modest 98; and Goshen 363. Heimbuck is pleased with the growth experienced by the smaller ...
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Converse County, WY | Data USA
Converse County, WY has a population of 13,759 (2023), median age of 41.3, median household income of $79,164, and a 11.3% poverty rate. 98.9% are US citizens.
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[PDF] INDIANA, The Early Years - IN.gov
Early Indiana had a commercial dream, railroads, and was first divided in 1800. It became a state in 1816, with land grants and Indian treaties.
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Converse I (DD-291) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Jun 30, 2015 · The first Converse (DD-291) was launched 28 November 1919 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Squantum, Mass.; sponsored by Miss E. C. Colt; ...
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None
Nothing is retrieved...<|separator|>
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DD-291 Converse - GlobalSecurity.org
May 7, 2011 · The first Converse (DD-291) was launched 28 November 1919 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Squantum, Mass.; sponsored by Miss E. C. Colt, ...
[44]
USS Converse (DD-291)
Jun 24, 2020 · USS Converse (DD-291) was a Clemson class destroyer that served with the Atlantic Fleet for most of the 1920s, apart from a visit to European ...
[45]
Converse II (DD-509) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Jun 30, 2015 · The second Converse (DD-509) was launched 30 August 1942 by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine; sponsored by Miss A. V. Jackson; and ...
[46]
DD-509 USS Converse - HyperWar - Ibiblio
Fletcher Class Destroyer: · Displacement: 2050 tons · Length: 376'6" · Beam: 39'4" · Draft: 17'9" · Speed: 35 knots · Armament: 5 5"/38, 2x5 21" torpedo tubes ...
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USS Converse (DD-509) Service Stars - Destroyer History Foundation
World War II. During World War II, Converse earned the Navy Occupation Service Medal ... Battle of Empress Augusta Bay: 1–2 November 1943. Occupation and ...
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USS Converse (DD 509) of the US Navy - Allied Warships of WWII
23 Feb 1942. Launched, 30 Aug 1942. Commissioned, 20 Nov 1942. End service, 23 Apr 1946. History. Decommissioned 23 April 1946. Transferred to Spain on 1 July ...
[49]
Who We Are - Converse Careers
1908. The Converse Rubber Shoe Company opens in Malden, Massachusetts under founder Marquis Mills.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[50]
Converse History & Timeline
Converse's history in boating shoes goes back to at least 1950 and it's CVO history goes back to 1910 with its first tennis shoes. The Naut-1 continued both ...
[51]
The Story Behind the Converse Jack Purcell - size? blog
Aug 21, 2014 · Jack Purcell, a badminton champion, designed a shoe with B.F. Goodrich in 1935. Converse bought the rights in the 1970s, and the shoe features ...
[52]
Baseline Moves: A History Of The Converse Pro Leather
Feb 2, 2017 · Julius Erving's mind-blowing 'Baseline Move' layup in 1980, or Michael Jordan's tears of joy as he held his first NBA Championship trophy.Missing: One | Show results with:One
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Was Nike's Acquisition Of Converse A Bargain Or A Disaster? - Forbes
Nov 15, 2019 · On September 4, 2003, Nike (NYSE: NKE) acquired Converse for $315 million – two years after the latter filed for bankruptcy.
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Nike Purchasing Converse, A Legend on the Blacktop
Jul 10, 2003 · For $305 million, Nike is buying Converse, a century-old footwear company and maker of the celebrated Chuck Taylor All Star shoe.
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Nike names new CEO for an iconic brand - Portland - KGW
Jul 10, 2025 · Over the course of Carver's tenure, Converse's revenue fell about 30%, from $2.4 billion in 2023 to $1.7 billion in 2025. Nike revenue ...
[56]
Converse Statistics: Sales Data, Consumer Insights & Market Trends
Oct 6, 2025 · Global Reach: Over 160 countries; Flagship SKUs: Chuck Taylor, One Star, Run Star, CONS Skate, Platform Series; Ecomm Sites: Converse.com, ...
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How Converse And Chuck Taylor All Stars Changed The ... - Genius
Oct 17, 2022 · No band played a bigger role in establishing punk as we know it than The Ramones, who formed in Queens, New York, in 1974 and adopted a uniform ...Missing: 1970s 1990s
[58]
Iconic History of Converse Chuck Taylor All Stars - Urban Industry
$$14 deliverySep 5, 2022 · The Chuck Taylor All Star began as a basketball shoe in 1917, became the first mass-produced basketball shoe, and was named in 1932. It was ...
[59]
Converse's New Trainers Are Made From 11 Plastic Bottles per Pair
Jun 26, 2019 · Launching July 5, Converse Renew, a series of Chucks produced using recycled PET from plastic bottles and, arriving later, up-cycled denim and ...Missing: initiatives | Show results with:initiatives
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Marketing Mix of Converse and 4Ps (Updated 2025) | Marketing91
Dec 18, 2024 · Eco-Friendly Line: In recent years, Converse has introduced eco-friendly products made with sustainable materials as part of their ...
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Converse Renew: Our Most Sustainable Sneakers Yet
An ongoing commitment to make our products in more innovative and sustainable ways. There's always a way to renew what we do.
[62]
Converse Family History - Ancestry
Converse Surname Meaning English: nickname from Old French convers literally 'converted' used to denote someone converted from secular to religious life in ...
[63]
Converse Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
Converse Surname Definition: (English, French) One who has been converted (to the Christian religion); one who came from Coignieres in France.
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Converse Family History - FamilySearch
English: nickname from Old French convers literally 'converted', used to denote someone converted from secular to religious life in adult age.
[65]
https://www.stargazette.com/story/news/2020/09/06/elmira-history-remembering-banjo-pioneer-frank-buchanan-converse/5643307002/
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Harriet Maxwell Converse - PBS
Harriet Maxwell Converse. Harriet Maxwell was born in 1836 in Elmira, New York, and raised within a family that was fascinated by Native cultures.Missing: Arnot author
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Harriet Maxwell Converse, “The Woman Who Works for the Indians”
Dec 15, 2022 · Abstract. Harriet Maxwell Converse was adopted by the Snipe Clan in 1884. A savvy defender of Haudenosaunee sovereignty, she had a talent ...
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Elmira History: Remembering banjo pioneer Frank Buchanan ...
Sep 6, 2020 · Frank Buchanan Converse was called “America's best banjo player” when he died in 1891. Frank B. Converse was the “King of Stroke Playing” in the 1850's and '60 ...Missing: actor 1845-1917
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Frank Converse - IMDb
Born on May 2, 1938 in St. Louis, Missouri, Frank received his early education at the Phillips Andover Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and earned his BFA ...Missing: B. 1845-1917
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Converse Last Name Origin, History, and Meaning - YourRoots
The Converse surname started growing significantly in England during the 15th century and continued to be prominent in the United States from the 17th to 19th ...Missing: 2020 | Show results with:2020
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Marquis Mills Converse (1861-1931) - Find a Grave Memorial
Marquis Mills Converse, 23 Oct 1861, Lyme, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA, 9 Feb 1931 (aged 69), Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, USA.
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Converse College | South Carolina Encyclopedia
Converse College was founded in 1889 by a group of Spartanburg leaders to provide for the education of young middle-class women. The institution was named ...
[73]
Our History | Converse University | Spartanburg, SC
Although the doors of Converse opened October 1, 1890, the first step towards the founding of the college was taken in 1889.
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Converse Celebrates Largest Undergraduate Population in History
Aug 24, 2017 · Anticipated to be over 930 students, the undergraduate population is 11% larger than last year and 32% larger than a decade ago. It includes an ...Missing: peak | Show results with:peak
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Accreditations and Affiliations | Converse University | Spartanburg, SC
Admitted to the Association of American Colleges and Universities in 1915, Converse is a founding member of that organization. Converse was also the first South ...<|separator|>
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Converse College to Become Converse University July 1, 2021
Jun 30, 2021 · On July 1, 2021, Converse College will acknowledge its long-held university status with an official name change to Converse University.
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Converse At a Glance
On July 1, 2021, Converse College acknowledged its long-held university status with an official name change to Converse University,. Students. 1,967 total ...
[78]
Converse Spotlighted in 2025 U.S. News & World Report
Nov 13, 2024 · Converse University has been recognized on three US News & World Report lists in the organization's 2025 Best Colleges rankings.