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Dynamic Structures

Dynamic Structures is a Canadian firm specializing in the design, fabrication, and construction of complex steel structures for global clients in , astronomy, and . Founded in 1926 as Vancouver Art Metal Works in , the initially focused on steel fabrication for commercial buildings and later expanded into specialized projects. Through a series of renamings and acquisitions—including purchase by AGRA in 1976, rebranding to AMEC Dynamic Structures in 2000, and acquisition by Industries Ltd. in 2007—Dynamic Structures developed divisions for amusement attractions (as Dynamic Attractions) and astronomical enclosures. In 2023, following financial restructuring, the was privatized and integrated into Dynamic Technologies, , headquartered in . The firm is renowned for innovative contributions to theme park rides, large-scale observatories like the , and Olympic venues, serving industries worldwide as of 2025.

Overview

Company Background

Dynamic Structures was founded in 1926 as Vancouver Art Metal Works in , , , initially specializing in services for local industries such as commercial buildings and structural components. Over the ensuing decades, the company expanded its expertise into custom-engineered steel structures, becoming a prominent global manufacturer with headquarters in , , and operations extending to clients across , , and through facilities and offices including those in ; , ; ; and , . The firm's core product lines encompass precision-engineered components for projects like bridges and buildings, advanced astronomy equipment such as telescope enclosures, and specialized elements for theme park attractions. As of 2025, Dynamic Structures has approximately 65 employees, primarily in , supporting its diverse operations. Prior to operational challenges in 2019, Dynamic Structures' annual revenue was approximately CAD $9 million in 2018, contributing to the broader Empire Industries Group's revenues of CAD $132-141 million in 2017-2018, largely driven by the attractions segment.

Ownership and Current Status

In 2001, Dynamic Structures was acquired by the British firm AMEC Group, resulting in the company being renamed AMEC Dynamic Structures. In 2007, AMEC sold the company to Empire Industries Ltd. for CAD $9.8 million in cash and notes, after which it reverted to operating under the Dynamic Structures name. In 2011, the amusement rides division was spun off as a separate named Dynamic Attractions, which continued to operate under the Empire Industries umbrella. Empire Industries rebranded to Dynamic Technologies Group Inc. in 2021 to better reflect its focus on advanced technologies in entertainment and structures. As of 2025, Dynamic Structures operates as part of Dynamic Entertainment Technologies, Inc., fully owned by a Canadian of Hong Kong-based Promising Expert Limited following the 2023 acquisition and restructuring of Dynamic Technologies Group, with no major changes reported. In 2023, following the acquisition, the group was restructured and renamed Dynamic Entertainment Technologies, Inc., integrating Dynamic Structures' operations. The company's operational website is dynamic-grp.com, supporting ongoing fabrication activities and projects in astronomy and .

Historical Development

Founding and Early Expansion (1926-1970s)

Dynamic Structures traces its origins to , when it was established as Vancouver Art Metal Works by local entrepreneurs in , . The company initially specialized in ornamental metalwork, producing decorative elements for buildings and contributing to shipbuilding projects during a period of industrial growth in . This early focus on craftsmanship allowed the firm to build a reputation for high-quality amid the expanding urban and maritime sectors of the region. In 1952, following the acquisition of larger facilities in , the company underwent a significant reorientation and was renamed Coast Steel Fabricators Limited. This shift marked a transition from ornamental work to broader industrial projects, enabling the production of structural components for commercial and infrastructural applications. The expanded operations positioned Coast Steel as a key player in the local fabrication industry, capitalizing on post-World War II economic recovery and increased demand for durable elements in . During the and , Coast Steel Fabricators experienced substantial growth, entering the realm of heavy construction steel for major developments across . The company secured contracts for projects involving Canadian railways and ports, contributing to the nation's transportation network expansion during this infrastructure boom. This period saw the expand to over 100 employees, supporting the fabrication of complex structures such as scenic bridges and supporting the firm's diversification into larger-scale industrial work. The company's trajectory shifted in 1976 with its acquisition by AGRA Inc., a major engineering firm, which represented its first significant corporate takeover. This move provided access to greater resources and expertise, facilitating participation in even larger projects and solidifying Coast Steel's role in national industrial endeavors. Following the acquisition, the firm was renamed AGRA Coast Limited.

Acquisitions and Rebranding (1980s-2010s)

During the late 1970s and 1980s, following its acquisition by AGRA Inc. in 1976, the company operated as AGRA Coast Limited and contributed to AGRA's broader diversification into engineering and fabrication services. The pivotal shift occurred in 2000 when engineering firm AMEC acquired Inc. and its subsidiaries, including AGRA Coast Limited, in a deal valued at £221 million (approximately CAD 514 million at the time), integrating the company into AMEC's global portfolio and renaming it AMEC Dynamic Structures. This acquisition expanded the firm's reach into international projects while leveraging AMEC's resources in and . By 2007, AMEC divested the unit to Empire Industries Ltd. for CAD 9.8 million in cash and notes, allowing a refocus on core steel fabrication competencies in specialized structures and renaming it back to Dynamic Structures Ltd. The sale included the company's 61,000-square-foot fabrication facility in , , enabling Empire to build on its niche in complex mechanical systems. Entering the 2010s, Dynamic Structures intensified its emphasis on high-value niche markets, particularly astronomy enclosures and amusement ride components, which positioned the company for strategic realignment. This focus culminated in the 2011 spin-off of its amusement ride manufacturing division into the separate entity Dynamic Attractions, streamlining operations toward specialized engineering projects.

Business Divisions

Steel Fabrication

Dynamic Structures' steel fabrication division specializes in the design, detailing, fabrication, and erection of complex components for non-entertainment applications, emphasizing to meet demanding environmental and load conditions. The company employs advanced techniques such as custom fabrication and finite element analysis (FEA) to ensure structural integrity in load-bearing designs, particularly for projects in seismic zones and harsh climates. This expertise originated from early 20th-century work on commercial buildings and , evolving to handle large-scale assemblies during Western Canada's infrastructure expansions. Key applications include commercial buildings, pedestrian bridges, and sports facilities, where the company delivers modular steel components optimized for durability and assembly efficiency. For instance, in 2004, Dynamic Structures fabricated and erected the steel superstructure for the Amgen Helix Pedestrian Bridge in Seattle, Washington, a 420-foot (128-meter) span featuring a double-helix design inspired by DNA to connect urban parks across railroad tracks. The project incorporated FEA to verify performance under seismic loads and pedestrian traffic, with stainless steel elements clad in mesh for aesthetic and corrosion resistance. Similarly, for sports venues, the firm supplied fabricated steel sections for the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Ski Jumps at Whistler Olympic Park, producing oversized modules—each 80 feet long by 24 feet wide by 12 feet deep—for the normal and large hills to support high-speed jumps in alpine conditions. Adherence to rigorous quality standards is central to operations. Finite element analysis is routinely applied in the design phase to simulate stresses and optimize material use, as demonstrated in and venue projects. These capabilities position as a key provider of specialized solutions in , supporting broader applications like precision components for astronomy projects and structural integration in amusement systems.

Astronomy Projects

Dynamic Structures has specialized in the design and fabrication of large-scale aluminum and enclosures for astronomical telescopes, particularly those situated in extreme high-altitude environments such as in and Cerro Pachón in . These enclosures are engineered to withstand severe conditions, including high winds, temperature fluctuations, and seismic activity, incorporating advanced seismic damping systems to protect sensitive optical instruments. The company's expertise extends to integrating mechatronic systems for precise environmental control, ensuring minimal thermal distortion and structural integrity during observations. Key projects include the enclosures for the W.M. Keck Observatory telescopes on , constructed in the 1990s, which house 10-meter class instruments and feature robust steel frameworks capable of supporting massive rotating domes. In the 2000s, Dynamic Structures delivered enclosures for the twin 8.1-meter Gemini North and Gemini South telescopes, one on and the other in , emphasizing lightweight aluminum construction for rapid thermal acclimation and reduced operational costs. Dynamic Structures was involved in the design of the (TMT) enclosure to support the 30-meter primary mirror, utilizing innovative systems with elastomeric materials for enhanced seismic damping. However, as of November 2025, the TMT project has encountered major setbacks, including loss of NSF funding for the site in June 2025 and discussions for alternative locations such as the , with no confirmed completion date. Engineering achievements encompass active mechanisms tailored for 8-10 meter class telescopes, which mitigate wind-induced oscillations and disturbances to maintain optical precision at sub-arcsecond levels. Dynamic Structures has contributed to enclosures for several of the world's largest ground-based observatories. The firm has collaborated extensively with academic institutions and international consortia, including partnerships with the (Caltech) and the TMT International Observatory for the TMT enclosure, as well as with the National Optical Astronomy Observatory for . These collaborations leverage Dynamic Structures' fabrication capabilities alongside partners' scientific expertise to advance next-generation astronomical infrastructure.

Amusement Attractions

Formation of Dynamic Attractions

In 2011, Dynamic Attractions was established as a dedicated amusement division through a from its parent company, Dynamic Structures, under the ownership of Industries Ltd., which had acquired Dynamic Structures in 2007. In 2023, following financial restructuring, Dynamic Attractions was sold to Promising Expert Limited and restructured as part of Dynamic Entertainment Technologies, Inc. This reorganization consolidated the company's growing expertise in theme park ride and , separating it from broader steel fabrication operations to enable more targeted expansion in the entertainment sector. The primary motivations for the stemmed from the 2009 global recession, which significantly reduced demand for traditional commodity steel products and highlighted the need for diversification into higher-margin, specialized markets. By carving out the amusement unit, Empire Industries aimed to capitalize on Dynamic Structures' established capabilities in fabricating complex, precision-engineered structures—honed since entering the theme park industry in 1998—and position the new entity to pursue opportunities in the rapidly expanding global attractions market. This structure also facilitated attracting sector-specific talent, partnerships, and investors focused on innovative ride systems rather than general industrial fabrication. Initial leadership of Dynamic Attractions retained key engineering personnel from Dynamic Structures to ensure continuity in technical expertise, with strategic oversight provided by Guy Nelson, the founder and CEO of Empire Industries. The division's headquarters were set in , , leveraging the parent company's established facilities in for efficient access to North American supply chains and project sites. This location supported proximity to major theme park operators while allowing for scalable operations in design, prototyping, and fabrication. Upon formation, Dynamic Attractions assumed ongoing contracts and project pipelines from Dynamic Structures, including high-profile collaborations with and Studios for ride systems and structural components. This seamless transfer provided immediate revenue stability and a strong portfolio foundation, enabling the division to quickly scale into independent pursuits such as media-based attractions and automated ride technologies.

Innovations in Ride Technology

Dynamic Attractions has pioneered several key advancements in amusement ride technology, particularly through the development of the SFX Coaster system, which debuted in at the Asian Attractions Expo in . This innovative integrates multi-dimensional directly into the track, including synchronized water sprays, fire bursts, wind gusts, and high-definition projections to enhance narrative immersion without compromising ride speed or safety. The system represents a fusion of and storytelling, allowing operators to create hybrid coaster-dark ride experiences that engage multiple senses simultaneously. In parallel, the company has advanced motion platform technologies for dark rides, employing both hydraulic and electric actuators to achieve precise control and (6-DOF) simulation. These platforms enable vehicles to simulate complex movements such as pitching, rolling, yawing, surging, swaying, and heaving, providing realistic sensations in immersive environments. Hydraulic systems offer high-force responses for intense , while electric variants prioritize and quieter operation, making them suitable for indoor attractions where noise and power consumption are concerns. This dual approach has been instrumental in projects requiring seamless transitions between static scenes and dynamic sequences. Dynamic Attractions holds over 20 related to ride software and methods for testing structural integrity under dynamic loads, ensuring rides withstand operational stresses like acceleration, vibration, and environmental factors. These cover innovations in algorithms that adjust paths and effects based on , as well as tools for predicting material during high-g maneuvers. For instance, US11273384B2 details systems for all-terrain that maintain stability across varied surfaces, contributing to safer and more reliable attractions. Such underscores the company's focus on verifiable standards. The company's contributions have significantly impacted the industry, particularly through pioneering trackless dark ride technologies that eliminate fixed rails for greater flexibility in ride layouts. Adopted in major theme parks worldwide, these modular designs facilitate easier installation, reconfiguration, and upkeep, reducing overall maintenance requirements compared to traditional tracked systems by minimizing wear on physical guides and simplifying component access. This shift toward autonomous, programmable vehicles has enabled more creative storytelling and adaptive experiences, influencing standards for modern immersive attractions. As of 2025, Dynamic Attractions continues to deliver projects such as the Expedition Odyssey flying theater at SeaWorld.

Notable Projects

Roller Coasters

Dynamic Structures, through its Dynamic Attractions division, has played a key role in the fabrication and of several notable roller coasters, focusing on custom designs, structural integrity, and safety certifications that ensure high-performance operations in theme park environments. The company's contributions emphasize innovative layouts that integrate with thrilling dynamics, often involving retrofits and advanced launch systems. All projects listed involve Dynamic's ownership of track fabrication and compliance with international safety standards, such as those set by and TÜV certifications. Dynamic Structures' involvement with Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Disneyland began with the 2013 steel track retrofit, replacing aging components from the original design to enhance smoothness and longevity while maintaining the original 28 mph top speed and 2,671-foot layout, ensuring continued safe operation for millions of riders annually. These upgrades addressed fatigue in the original tubing, incorporating modern techniques for improved durability. A more recent innovation is the 2023 Mission Ferrari at , an SFX-integrated coaster co-engineered by Dynamic Attractions, featuring Formula 1 simulation through enclosed sections with 3D visuals, synchronized sound effects, and multi-launch sequences that mimic high-stakes racing scenarios. The 3,280-foot track, fabricated by Dynamic in collaboration with Qiguang Group, incorporates drop-track elements and immersive SFX for a top speed of 62 mph, emphasizing narrative-driven thrills with safety certifications ensuring seamless transitions between motion platforms and high-G maneuvers. This project represents Dynamic's push into multimedia-enhanced coasters, blending track engineering with for heightened guest engagement. Among abandoned projects, Mad Ramp Peak at in , announced in 2019, was a dual-powered coaster designed by Dynamic Attractions but halted due to the company's amid cost overruns and financial . Intended as a motorbike-style thrill ride with synergy launches reaching over 60 mph, its incomplete status underscores broader challenges in large-scale coaster development. As of 2025, Dynamic Attractions has contributed to 6-8 operational globally, including the above examples and select retrofits, solidifying its in track fabrication despite recent setbacks.

Theme Park Rides

Dynamic Attractions, a of Dynamic Structures, has specialized in developing immersive non-coaster attractions, particularly dark rides and simulator-based experiences, that enhance through advanced motion systems and sensory effects. These projects emphasize integration of ride vehicles, projections, and environmental elements to create engaging narratives without relying on high-speed track elements. By , the company had delivered over 20 major attractions for operators including , , and , showcasing its expertise in turnkey solutions for theme park immersion. In 1999, Dynamic Attractions engineered at , introducing a pioneering high-speed electromagnetic launch system that propels vehicles along a 5,000-foot track, reaching 65 mph in an outdoor banking turn that simulates automotive testing. The design ownership included the slot car-style guideway fabrication and safety systems, allowing for precise control and immersive environmental simulations, with the coaster's linear synchronous motor (LSM) technology setting a benchmark for future high-velocity attractions. This project highlighted Dynamic's expertise in integrating ride vehicles with themed narratives, contributing to 's status as one of Walt Disney World's longest and fastest attractions. One seminal project was Soarin’ Over California, which opened in 2001 at Disneyland's . This tilt-motion simulator, built by Dynamic Attractions, features three multi-passenger gondolas that elevate and tilt guests toward an 80-foot-diameter projection dome, simulating a hang glider flight over 's landmarks. The system incorporates scent dispensers to release aromas such as pine forests and ocean spray, synchronized with the visuals, accommodating up to 87 riders per cycle across the three theaters. This attraction set a for flying theater experiences, influencing subsequent global installations. In 2010, Dynamic Attractions collaborated on at Universal's Islands of Adventure, with variants debuting at in 2016 and in 2014. The ride employs a Robocoaster system, where inverted robotic arms provide for up to 16 guests per vehicle, navigating through Castle sets amid projections of magical sequences and encounters with characters like dragons and dementors. This multi-axis motion platform delivers unpredictable movements, including dives and spins, integrated with projections and practical effects to immerse riders in the Harry Potter universe. The system's innovation in combining robotics with elements earned it recognition as a transformative in theme park design. Radiator Springs Racers, unveiled in 2012 within at , represents a hybrid and racing simulator developed by Dynamic Attractions in partnership with . Riders board trackless vehicles that transition from a scenic through Radiator Springs—featuring animatronic characters like Mater and —to a competitive slot-car race on elevated tracks reaching speeds up to 40 mph. The attraction utilizes electromagnetic propulsion for smooth acceleration and includes on rock formations, with over 50 enhancing the Pixar-themed narrative. Costing over $200 million, it exemplifies Dynamic's capability in blending simulator precision with immersive environments. These projects highlight Dynamic Attractions' role in advancing simulator and technologies, prioritizing sensory immersion and narrative depth for broad audiences.

Architectural and Observational Structures

Dynamic Structures has undertaken several landmark projects in architectural and observational structures, blending advanced fabrication with to support large-scale installations in challenging environments. One prominent example is the fabrication of the ski jump towers for the in . These structures, part of the Whistler Olympic Park, consisted of two jumps: a large hill (K125) with a 110-meter tower height and a normal hill (K95) at 90 meters, utilizing 750 tons of high-strength 5L Grade X52 tubing up to 24 inches in diameter. The design incorporated precise curvature tolerances of ±1/8 inch over 100 meters to ensure aerodynamic performance, with wind-resistant features achieved through robust tubular framing and bolted prefabricated sections that minimized on-site disruptions in the mountainous terrain. Completed under a tight 10-month schedule, the towers supported Olympic-level competitions while adhering to seismic and environmental standards for the Callaghan Valley site. Similarly, the company built the enclosure for the Gemini South Telescope in the , , operational since 2002. Housing an 8.1-meter primary mirror within a 46-meter rotating dome at 2,722 meters altitude, the structure emphasizes through multi-layered cladding to counteract extreme diurnal temperature swings, preserving image quality for astronomy. The design integrates automated louvers and ventilation for airflow control, supporting the telescope's Ritchey-Chrétien optics in one of the world's driest environments. These projects exemplify Dynamic Structures' capability in handling massive scales, with enclosures and supports often exceeding 1,500 tons per installation to bear heavy optical equipment and withstand environmental loads. Ongoing involvement includes the (TMT) enclosure on , where a calotte-shaped design—66 meters in diameter and 56 meters tall, weighing 2,900 metric tons—features 88 ventilation doors and rapid 2-minute opening for optimal seeing conditions. As of November 2025, while the final design has passed production readiness reviews, the project faces significant uncertainty after the U.S. withdrew support in June 2025 in favor of the , prompting exploration of alternative sites such as in the (with a €400 million offer from ) amid ongoing delays and permitting issues on .

Recent Challenges and Legacy

Financial Restructuring (2019-2023)

In late 2019, Dynamic Attractions faced mounting financial pressures from aggressive expansion and ambitious ride development projects, including significant investments in high-risk innovations that exceeded budgets. The company engaged in October 2019 to seek additional capital, aiming to address a senior debt of approximately USD $20 million and inject further funds for ongoing operations. These challenges were exacerbated by cost overruns on projects like the SFX Coaster series, contributing to a that persisted through the , which caused theme park closures and further project disruptions. By December 2022, total liabilities had ballooned to approximately CAD $94.5 million, driven by , term loans, and project provisions. On March 9, 2023, Dynamic Attractions and its affiliates, including parent entity Dynamic Technologies Group Inc., obtained protection under Canada's Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) to restructure amid insolvency, with liabilities exceeding CAD $5 million. This filing stemmed directly from years of overexpansion and unrecovered investments in complex attractions, halting normal operations and triggering a sales process. Operational fallout included widespread project delays and cancellations; notably, the Mad Ramp Peak duel power coaster at Genting SkyWorlds in Malaysia—originally themed to Sons of Anarchy—was left incomplete due to the insolvency, with completion significantly delayed under the new ownership as of 2025. Staff numbers were sharply reduced as a cost-cutting measure, dropping from around 100 employees pre-crisis to 27 by mid-2023, preserving only essential personnel for potential asset transfer. The culminated in July 2023 with the approval of an asset to Promising Expert Limited, a Hong Kong-based firm, for CAD $2 million via a reverse . This transaction transferred core , ongoing projects, and a reduced workforce of about 17 employees to the buyer, while assuming substantial liabilities to avoid full . Under new ownership, division has focused on completing select projects, though specific developments as of 2025 remain limited. The parent Dynamic Structures, focused on fabrication and astronomy projects, remained operationally insulated from division's collapse, allowing it to refocus on non-entertainment segments without direct involvement.

Achievements and Future Outlook

Dynamic Structures has completed numerous major projects since its founding, contributing to the design and fabrication of enclosures for several prominent astronomical observatories, including the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in 1979, the Keck Telescopes, the , the , and the . These efforts encompass contributions to five of the world's largest projects, establishing the company as a key player in high-precision structures for astronomy. In the entertainment sector, Dynamic Structures received the 2011 THEA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Technology for its role in the and the Forbidden ride at Universal's Islands of Adventure. The company's influence extends to industry standards, particularly in dynamic load testing for entertainment structures, where its engineers have participated in ASTM committees and ride safety boards to advance safety protocols and fabrication techniques. Dynamic Structures has also trained over 1,000 engineers in specialized steel fabrication methods, fostering expertise in complex, motion-intensive designs across global projects. Looking ahead as of 2025, Dynamic Structures' prior contract for the enclosure is on hold amid major project challenges, including the U.S. National Science Foundation's withdrawal of support in June 2025 and ongoing site considerations. Post-2023 financial recovery, operations have stabilized, driven by new contracts in Asian markets and hybrid projects combining steel fabrication with amusement attractions. This positions the firm for growth in emerging regions, emphasizing innovative solutions amid global demand for advanced structures.

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