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Track

Track is a common English word with multiple meanings. It may refer to:

A path, trail, or mark left by the passage of a person, animal, or vehicle (see Paths and Imprints)
Events or works in arts, entertainment, and media, such as films, music albums, or television shows (see Arts, Entertainment, and Media)
Components in electronics and computing, like data tracks on storage media (see Electronics and Computing)
Sports involving running or racing on a prepared surface, including track and field athletics and various racing sports (see Sport)
Infrastructure in transportation, particularly rail tracks or other guideways (see Transportation)
Other uses in business, science, and miscellaneous contexts (see Other Uses)

In the context of sport, "track" often specifically denotes track and field athletics, a collection of competitive events in running, jumping, throwing, and walking, governed by World Athletics and featured prominently in the Olympic Games.^[1]

Paths and Imprints

Animal Tracks and Trackways

Animal tracks are impressions formed when the feet, claws, or other body parts of animals press into soft substrates such as sediment, soil, or mud, preserving evidence of locomotion and behavior. These traces capture details like toe pads, claw marks, and skin textures, providing insights into the trackmaker's anatomy and movement without requiring skeletal remains.^[2] In vertebrate track studies, impressions from the forelimbs are termed manus tracks, while those from the hindlimbs are called pes tracks; this distinction is crucial for analyzing quadrupedal gaits where both sets alternate. Swim tracks, in contrast, appear as elongated scratches or grooves without distinct foot outlines, resulting from underwater paddling or tail propulsion in aquatic or semi-aquatic animals.^[3]^[4] Fossil trackways, sequences of multiple aligned tracks, form the core of ichnology, the paleontological discipline dedicated to studying ancient traces like footprints, burrows, and trails to reconstruct prehistoric behaviors and environments. One prominent example occurs in the Navajo Sandstone formation of the American Southwest, where approximately 200-million-year-old strata preserve extensive theropod dinosaur trackways; these have been identified as originating from small to medium-sized theropods based on tridactyl morphology and stride patterns.^[5]^[6]^[7] Trackway analysis examines gait patterns—such as the alternation of manus and pes in quadrupeds or the direct register in bipeds—to infer posture, limb coordination, and speed. Paleontologists estimate velocity using relative stride length, defined as stride length divided by hip height, which correlates with dimensionless speed per Alexander's 1976 formula; hip height is often approximated as 3–4 times foot length depending on the animal's morphology. Traditional applications of this method have suggested theropod dinosaurs achieving speeds up to 40 km/h in some Jurassic trackways, but 2025 studies validating the formula against modern bird trackways indicate significant overestimation, with actual speeds likely lower and highlighting the need for refined models in assessing predatory capabilities.^[8]^[9] A notable hominin example is the Laetoli footprints in Tanzania, dated to 3.7 million years ago, consisting of three parallel trackways in volcanic ash that demonstrate bipedal gait with arched feet and non-divergent big toes, attributed to early species like Australopithecus afarensis. These traces underscore the evolutionary transition to upright walking in human ancestors.^[10]

Human Trails and Routes

A trail is defined as a narrow, often unpaved path intended primarily for walking, hiking, or use by off-road vehicles such as bicycles or horses, distinguishing it from wider, engineered roads designed for motorized traffic and higher volumes.^[11] These paths facilitate pedestrian or low-impact travel through natural or rural landscapes, emphasizing accessibility over vehicular efficiency.^[12] Desire paths, also known as desire lines, emerge as informal tracks worn into the ground by repeated human foot traffic, often serving as shortcuts that bypass planned routes like sidewalks or lawns in urban settings.^[13] This phenomenon has been recognized in urban planning since the early 20th century, with notable examples including student shortcuts at Michigan State University that planners later formalized into paved walkways.^[13] In the 1990s, architect Rem Koolhaas incorporated desire paths formed by student movement at the Illinois Institute of Technology to inform the design of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, highlighting their role in revealing efficient human navigation patterns.^[13] Ancient trackways represent some of the earliest human-engineered routes, constructed to navigate challenging terrains like wetlands during prehistoric times. The Sweet Track in Somerset, England, exemplifies this, dating to 3807/6 BC and consisting of a raised wooden plank walkway spanning nearly 2 kilometers across reedswamp to connect elevated areas.^[14] Built from oak and ash timbers felled in winter, it is the oldest known wooden trackway in the United Kingdom, used for approximately 9–12 years before repairs ceased around 3800 BC, and associated with ritual deposits such as jadeite axes.^[14] In rural contexts, forest tracks serve as specialized paths providing access for forestry activities, recreation, or maintenance, typically consisting of compacted earth or gravel suitable for low-speed vehicles like those used in logging.^[15] Similarly, vineyard tracks in regions like Bordeaux, France, are narrow paths between vine rows that enable workers to reach grapevines for harvesting and cultivation, supporting the region's annual vendanges from mid-September to October.^[16] These tracks facilitate efficient movement during the labor-intensive grape-picking process, often integrated into the undulating terrain of appellations such as Médoc.^[16] In a broader human context, a trackway refers to a linear sequence of connected paths or routes formed over time for travel, often evolving from prehistoric origins into more formalized systems. Many Roman roads, such as the Peddars Way in eastern England, incorporated and upgraded preexisting prehistoric trackways to create durable networks for military and trade purposes.^[17] These early human routes built upon natural animal trails, adapting them for sustained communal use across landscapes.^[18]

Arts, Entertainment, and Media

Films

Several films titled "Track" or "Tracks" have explored themes of journey, pursuit, and personal struggle, often leveraging the term as a metaphor for literal or figurative paths. One prominent example is Tracks (2013), an Australian drama directed by John Curran and starring Mia Wasikowska as Robyn Davidson, which depicts a young woman's solo trek across the Australian desert from Alice Springs to the Indian Ocean, accompanied by four camels and her dog, covering approximately 1,700 miles over nine months in 1977.^[19]^[20] The film is adapted from Davidson's 1980 memoir Tracks: One Woman's Solo Trek Across the Australian Desert and premiered in the Official Competition at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 29, 2013.^[21]^[22] Another earlier work is Tracks (1976), an American independent drama written and directed by Henry Jaglom, featuring Dennis Hopper as Sergeant Jack Falen, a Vietnam War veteran tasked with escorting the body of his deceased comrade across the United States by train for burial.^[23] The narrative delves into Falen's psychological unraveling amid hallucinations and encounters with eccentric passengers, serving as an allegory for the war's lingering trauma on returning soldiers.^[24] Released in 1977 after its production in 1976, the film blends stark realism with surreal elements to critique post-war alienation.^[25] Across the Tracks (1991), directed by Sandy Tung, is an American coming-of-age drama starring Rick Schroder as Billy Maloney, a troubled teenager fresh from reform school, and Brad Pitt as his older brother Joe, a straight-A student and aspiring track star.^[26] Set in Los Angeles, the story centers on the brothers' rekindled rivalry through high school track and field competitions, exploring themes of familial tension, redemption, and the pursuit of excellence amid socioeconomic hardships.^[27] The film highlights how their contrasting paths—Joe's disciplined training versus Billy's rebellious energy—ultimately foster reconciliation.^[28] These films collectively emphasize "track" as a symbol of physical endurance, emotional navigation, and competitive drive, reflecting broader cultural narratives of self-discovery and conflict resolution.

Literature

In literature, works titled Tracks often employ the motif of paths—literal or metaphorical—to explore themes of personal and cultural journeys, identity formation, and displacement. These narratives span genres from historical fiction to memoir and young adult fantasy, using "tracks" as a symbol for traces left by human movement through challenging landscapes or societal divides.^[29] Louise Erdrich's Tracks, published in 1988 by Henry Holt and Company, forms the third installment in her North Dakota tetralogy, which includes Love Medicine, The Beet Queen, and Bingo Palace. Set on a Chippewa reservation in North Dakota from 1912 to 1924, the novel chronicles the erosion of indigenous land and traditions amid government policies and economic pressures. Through the voices of elder Nanapush, a witty traditionalist, and Fleur Pillager, a resilient woman accused of witchcraft, Erdrich examines the tensions between cultural preservation and assimilation, as Fleur fights to retain family allotments against logging interests and famine.^[30]^[31] Robyn Davidson's Tracks: A Woman's Solo Trek Across 1,700 Miles of Australian Outback, an autobiographical memoir first published in 1980 by Pantheon Books, recounts her 1977 expedition from Alice Springs to the Indian Ocean. Accompanied initially by her dog and four camels, Davidson navigates the harsh desert terrain, grappling with isolation, encounters with Aboriginal communities, and media intrusion from a National Geographic sponsor. The work underscores feminist themes of self-reliance and solitude, portraying the trek as a transformative quest for autonomy in a male-dominated outback culture.^[32]^[33] The young adult urban fantasy series The Tracks, co-authored by J. Gabriel Gates and Charlene Keel, begins with Dark Territory (2011, Health Communications, Inc.), set in the divided town of Middleburg where mystical abandoned railroad tracks separate social classes. The narrative follows teen gangs—the affluent Toppers and underprivileged Flatliners—who resolve conflicts through martial arts rather than violence, until a forbidden romance between Flatliner leader Raphael and Topper Aimee awakens supernatural powers and ancient evils. Subsequent volumes, Ghost Crown (2012) and Shadow Train (2013), expand on paranormal battles and hidden town secrets, blending romance, action, and mythology.^[34]^[35] Across these works, "tracks" symbolize journeys fraught with identity crises and cultural displacement, from Erdrich's portrayal of Native American resilience to Davidson's solitary odyssey and the series' supernatural class divides. Some, like Davidson's memoir, have inspired film adaptations that capture their visual and emotional essence.^[36]

Music

In music, a track refers to an individual song or piece of recorded audio on an album, typically separated by brief pauses on formats such as vinyl records, CDs, or digital releases. This term distinguishes discrete musical segments within a larger collection, allowing listeners to access specific compositions.^[37] Multi-track recording revolutionized music production by enabling the layering of separate audio signals onto individual channels, which could later be mixed into a cohesive final product. Pioneered by guitarist Les Paul in the late 1940s, the technique involved modifying early tape machines, such as the Ampex 200, to allow overdubbing and sound-on-sound recording, where new performances could be added without erasing prior ones.^[38] In the process, musicians record elements like vocals, instruments, or effects on isolated tracks within a digital audio workstation (DAW) or analog tape setup, facilitating independent editing, volume adjustments, and effects application before combining them into a stereo mix. This method, now standard in studios, permits complex arrangements that would be challenging in live single-take recordings.^[39] A soundtrack consists of the recorded music accompanying visual media, often comprising original scores or licensed songs synchronized to enhance narrative or emotional impact. In film contexts, tracks from a soundtrack may include orchestral compositions tailored to scenes or popular songs integrated for thematic resonance.^[40] Track Records was a British independent record label established in 1966 by The Who's managers Kit Lambert and Chris Stamp, along with Peter Kameron, to provide greater artistic control for their artists. The label quickly gained prominence by signing influential acts such as The Who, whose debut album My Generation it distributed, and Jimi Hendrix, whose early UK releases appeared under its banner. It played a key role in the 1960s rock scene before financial challenges led to its decline in the 1970s.^[41] Several songs titled "Tracks" exemplify the term's cultural resonance in music. Gary Numan's "Tracks," from his 1979 debut solo album The Pleasure Principle, is a synth-pop instrumental track highlighting his pioneering electronic sound.^[42] Juliana Hatfield's "Tracks," the seventh song on her 2013 album Wild Animals, delivers introspective indie rock with raw emotional delivery.^[43] Similarly, British pop-punk band ROAM's "Tracks," from their 2016 debut full-length Backbone, captures high-energy themes of perseverance with driving guitars and anthemic choruses.^[44]

Television

The television landscape features several series that incorporate "track" in their titles or central themes, often exploring literal paths, pursuit, or athletic endeavors in procedural or dramatic formats. One notable example is the Australian documentary series The Track, which aired on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) in 2000. This six-part production, produced by Penny Chapman and directed by Michael Cordell, Nick Greenaway, and Victoria Pitt, delved into the history of horse racing in Australia through interviews, archival footage, and re-enactments, highlighting the cultural and social impact of the sport's racing tracks. The series emphasized the evolution of breeding and behavior in the industry, featuring over 80 interviewees from the racing world.^[45] In the realm of procedural dramas, Tracker (2024–present) stands out as a high-impact American action series on CBS, developed by Ben H. Winters and based on Jeffery Deaver's novel The Never Game. Premiering on February 11, 2024, following Super Bowl LVIII, the show follows Colter Shaw (Justin Hartley), a survivalist who roams the U.S. in an RV, using his tracking skills to solve crimes and locate missing persons for rewards, drawing 18.4 million live + same-day viewers for its debut episode, with multi-platform viewing surpassing 30 million cumulatively. The format blends episodic cases with serialized elements from Colter's past, focusing on themes of pursuit and literal trail-following in diverse settings, from urban environments to wilderness areas. Renewed for a second season in March 2024 and a third in February 2025, its third season premiered on October 19, 2025. It has achieved significant viewership, underscoring its role in modern crime television.^[46] Another recent entry is The Hunting Party (2025–present), an NBC procedural crime drama that premiered on January 19, 2025, centering on a specialized team of investigators assembled to track and capture notorious killers who escaped from a top-secret prison. Created by JJ Bailey, the series adopts a serialized procedural format, emphasizing high-stakes chases and forensic tracking across episodes, with a focus on the psychological toll of pursuit. Renewed for a second season in November 2025, set to premiere in early 2026, it connects to broader genres of investigative storytelling without delving into standalone film plots. Notable episode titles in established shows like CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, such as those involving "track marks" in drug-related cases (e.g., "Let It Bleed," 2008), further illustrate the motif of following physical or metaphorical trails in crime procedurals, often aired on CBS from 2000 to 2015. Formats in this subgenre predominantly favor episodic structures that highlight detective units or individual trackers unraveling leads, as seen in Tracker's 20-episode first season.

Electronics and Computing

Electronics

In electronics, tracks refer to physical conductive or recording paths that facilitate signal transmission, data storage, or audio reproduction in hardware devices. These elements are integral to circuit boards, storage media, and recording formats, enabling reliable connectivity and data handling without overlapping with digital software structures. Printed circuit board (PCB) tracks consist of etched copper paths on insulating substrates, serving as conductive routes to interconnect electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits. Typical trace widths range from 0.1 to 0.5 mm, depending on current requirements, signal integrity, and manufacturing constraints, with narrower widths used for high-density designs and wider ones for power distribution. Design of these tracks often employs trace width calculators based on the IPC-2221 standard, which provides the formula for estimating current-carrying capacity:

I = k \Delta T^{0.44} A^{0.725}

where I is the current in amperes, \Delta T is the temperature rise in °C, A is the cross-sectional area in square mils, and k is a constant (0.048 for external traces and 0.024 for internal traces on standard 1 oz copper). This equation ensures traces can handle specified currents without excessive heating, typically limiting rises to 10–20°C for reliability. Magnetic tracks are narrow stripes coated with magnetic material on cards or tapes, used for data encoding in devices like credit cards. The ISO/IEC 7811 standard defines three parallel tracks on such stripes, each approximately 0.110 inches wide, with Track 1 dedicated to alphanumeric data encoded at 210 bits per inch and supporting up to 79 characters including name and account details. These tracks enable secure, machine-readable storage for financial transactions and identification. Audio tracks represent dedicated channels for sound recording on analog or digital media, such as magnetic tape or film, where signals are imprinted as varying magnetic fields or optical patterns. In formats like VHS, stereo audio utilizes two linear tracks—one for left and one for right channels—recorded along the tape edge at a speed of 1.875 inches per second, providing basic binaural sound reproduction. This hardware configuration laid the groundwork for multitrack recording in music production, allowing separate channels for mixing instruments and vocals. The concept of magnetic tracks originated with German engineer Fritz Pfleumer, who in 1928 developed the first practical magnetic tape by coating paper strips with iron oxide particles for sound recording, revolutionizing audio storage and paving the way for modern electronic tracks.

Computing

In computing, the term "track" encompasses various logical and physical structures for organizing and storing data across storage media, navigation systems, and distributed ledgers. In hard disk drives (HDDs), a track denotes a narrow, concentric circular path on the surface of a magnetically coated platter where data bits are stored and retrieved by read/write heads. These tracks form the foundational geometry of HDDs, with each platter containing thousands to millions of them arranged from the outer to inner edges. Modern HDDs in 2025 achieve track densities exceeding 500,000 tracks per inch (TPI), enabling high-capacity storage through technologies like heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). This density contributes to areal densities surpassing 1 terabit per square inch, allowing drives to reach capacities of 30 terabytes or more.^[47] Tracks are further subdivided into sectors—typically 512 bytes or 4 kilobytes each—for the smallest addressable data units, with multiple tracks across stacked platters forming cylinders for efficient head movement. File systems abstract these physical tracks into higher-level logical units to manage data allocation and access. In systems like FAT32, storage is organized in clusters—groups of consecutive sectors—serving as the basic allocation unit, with cluster sizes ranging from 512 bytes to 64 kilobytes depending on volume size. However, FAT32 and similar systems rely on low-level formatting, performed by manufacturers, which defines the underlying tracks and sectors on the media. This separation allows file systems to operate independently of specific hardware geometries while referencing tracks indirectly through sector addressing in boot records and partition tables. A GPS track captures a digital sequence of geospatial coordinates recorded over time using signals from global navigation satellite systems, delineating a path such as a hiking route or vehicle trajectory. These tracks consist of timestamped latitude, longitude, and altitude points, often stored in formats like GPX for applications in mapping and navigation software. To optimize storage and processing, raw GPS tracks undergo simplification, where algorithms reduce redundant points without significantly altering the path's shape. The Douglas-Peucker algorithm, a seminal method for polyline simplification, achieves this by recursively identifying and removing vertices farthest from a straight-line approximation between endpoints, using a user-defined tolerance threshold to balance detail and compression—typically reducing point counts by 50-90% in trajectory data. This approach preserves essential geometric features, making it widely adopted in GPS devices and mobile apps for efficient rendering and analysis.^[48]^[49]^[50] In emerging distributed systems as of 2025, tracks manifest as immutable transaction logs in blockchains, particularly for monitoring smart contract executions. On Ethereum, these logs record events—structured data emissions from contracts—appended to transaction receipts and indexed for querying. Event logs function as decentralized audit trails, capturing details like token transfers or state updates, with topics (hashed identifiers) enabling efficient filtering by off-chain tools. For example, Ethereum's event system in smart contracts like ERC-20 tokens generates logs that dApps use to track user interactions in real-time, supporting scalability enhancements from upgrades like Dencun in 2024. This logging mechanism underpins blockchain analytics, facilitating applications in DeFi and supply chain tracking.^[51]^[52]^[53]

Sport

Track and Field Athletics

Track and field athletics, also known as athletics in many countries, is a composite sport encompassing a variety of running, jumping, and throwing events conducted on a standardized oval track and its surrounding field. The sport emphasizes speed, endurance, strength, and technique, with track events focusing on foot races around the 400-meter perimeter oval, while field events occur within the infield area. Governed by World Athletics (formerly the International Association of Athletics Federations, or IAAF), it forms the core of the Olympic Games program and features both individual and team competitions.^[54]^[55] The standard running track measures 400 meters in total length, consisting of two parallel straights connected by two semicircular bends of equal radius, typically 36.5 meters for the inner edge of lane one, with each lane 1.22 meters wide to ensure fair staggering for curved sections. Races such as sprints (100m, 200m, 400m), middle-distance runs (800m, 1500m), hurdles (110m for men, 100m for women), and relays (4x100m, 4x400m) are run in lanes, with athletes starting from staggered positions to equalize distances. Field events, including long jump, triple jump, high jump, pole vault, shot put, discus, javelin, and hammer throw, test explosive power and precision on the grass or synthetic infield, often integrated into combined events like the decathlon or heptathlon.^[56]^[57]^[58] Modern running tracks predominantly use synthetic surfaces, introduced at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics with the Tartan track by 3M, replacing traditional cinder paths that were prone to dust, unevenness, and weather damage. These polyurethane or rubber-based surfaces, such as those later developed by Mondo starting with the 1980 Moscow Olympics, offer superior traction, energy return, and shock absorption, which studies show reduce peak impact forces and lower injury risk compared to harder cinder or concrete alternatives by providing better cushioning for joints and muscles. For instance, the 100m dash, a premier sprint event, saw Usain Bolt set the men's world record of 9.58 seconds in Berlin in 2009 on such a surface.^[59]^[60]^[61]^[62] Specialized track events like the 3000m steeplechase incorporate obstacles, including 28 fixed barriers and seven water jumps—pits filled with about 70 cm of water approached over a 36-inch hurdle—to simulate cross-country challenges while maintaining the oval path. The sport's history traces back to ancient Greece around 776 BCE, where foot races and field contests were central to the original Olympic Games held in Olympia as religious and athletic festivals. Revived in the modern era, track and field debuted prominently at the 1896 Athens Olympics, featuring 12 events for men and establishing the blueprint for global competition that continues today.^[63]^[55]

Racing Sports

Racing sports encompass competitive events conducted on specialized tracks designed for high-speed pursuits involving motorized vehicles or animals, emphasizing precision engineering, strategy, and speed. These tracks, often configured as closed-loop ovals, circuits, or street courses, facilitate organized competitions such as automobile racing, motorcycle events, and equestrian races, where participants vie for supremacy under strict regulatory oversight. Unlike non-motorized activities, these disciplines integrate mechanical propulsion and track infrastructure to achieve velocities exceeding 300 km/h in some cases, demanding robust safety protocols and venue adaptations. In motorsports, race tracks serve as purpose-built circuits for auto and motorcycle competitions, featuring layouts that balance speed, handling, and overtaking opportunities. A prominent example is the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) rectangular oval established in 1909, renowned for hosting the Indianapolis 500, one of the world's oldest and most prestigious auto races.^[64] This venue's brick-paved surface and banked turns exemplify early 20th-century track design, influencing modern oval racing formats. Similarly, horse racing tracks typically consist of turf or dirt ovals optimized for equine athletes, with Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky, standing as a historic archetype; its one-mile dirt oval has hosted the Kentucky Derby annually since 1875, originally at 1.5 miles but standardized to 1.25 miles in 1896 to enhance competitive pacing.^[65]^[65] Diverse track types cater to specific racing disciplines, enhancing performance and spectacle. NASCAR superspeedways, such as Talladega Superspeedway, incorporate steeply banked turns—reaching 33 degrees—to enable drafting and pack racing at sustained high speeds on expansive ovals.^[66] In contrast, Formula 1 circuits like the Monaco Grand Prix track utilize narrow, winding street layouts measuring 3.337 km, demanding exceptional driver skill amid urban barriers and limited runoff space.^[67] These configurations highlight the evolution from simple ovals to hybrid road courses, adapting to vehicle dynamics and event prestige. Safety remains paramount in racing sports, with tracks incorporating advanced barriers, runoff areas, and energy-absorbing materials to mitigate crash risks. In the 2020s, updates driven by the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) have emphasized high-voltage system protections and circuit enhancements; the FIA introduced e-Safety protocols for EV hazards and revised its Safety Road Map to standardize runoff zones and barriers across Grade 1 circuits, as seen in Formula E's GEN4 regulations unveiled in 2025.^[68]^[69] These measures, including Tecpro barriers and expanded gravel traps, reflect ongoing commitments to reducing injury rates amid faster, electrified machinery.

Transportation

Rail Transport

Railway tracks, also known as permanent way, consist of two parallel steel rails fixed to transverse sleepers, forming a fixed path for train wheels to guide and support rail vehicles along predetermined routes.^[70] This infrastructure enables efficient mass transportation of passengers and freight, with the rails providing a low-friction surface for flanged wheels. The standard gauge, measuring 1,435 mm between the inner edges of the rails, originated in the United Kingdom and was established by engineer George Stephenson for the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world's first public railway opened on September 27, 1825.^[71]^[72] Key components of railway tracks include the rails themselves, typically made of high-strength steel and weighing around 60 kg per meter to withstand heavy loads and dynamic stresses.^[73] Sleepers, often concrete or wooden, support the rails and maintain the gauge distance while distributing loads to the underlying ballast. Ballast, consisting of crushed stone, provides stability, drainage, and lateral resistance to prevent track movement under train forces. Turnouts, or switches, allow trains to change tracks by diverging one rail to connect with another line, essential for routing in complex networks.^[74]^[70] Various types of railway tracks have evolved to meet diverse operational needs, including high-speed variants designed for velocities exceeding 250 km/h. In France, the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse) system operates on dedicated high-speed lines at up to 320 km/h, featuring smoother alignments, advanced slab track, and reduced curvature to minimize centrifugal forces.^[75] Maglev (magnetic levitation) tracks in Japan represent an advanced variant, where vehicles levitate above guideways using electromagnetic forces, eliminating wheel-rail contact; development of this technology began in the early 1960s as an extension of high-speed rail innovations.^[76]

Other Transportation Systems

In transportation systems beyond rail, guided busways represent an innovative use of track infrastructure to enhance bus rapid transit. The O-Bahn Busway in Adelaide, Australia, exemplifies this approach, opening in 1986 as the world's first full-scale guided busway spanning 12 kilometers of concrete track designed for high-speed operation.^[77] Specially equipped buses engage the track's guideway, allowing speeds up to 100 km/h while maintaining stability and reducing driver workload in congested urban areas.^[77] This system, inspired by earlier German concepts from Daimler-Benz, integrates with conventional roads, enabling seamless transitions for suburban commuters.^[78] Axle track, or track width, denotes the lateral distance between the centers of a vehicle's wheels on the same axle, a critical parameter in chassis design that affects handling and rollover resistance. For standard passenger cars, this width typically ranges from 1.5 to 1.6 meters, providing a stable base that counters centrifugal forces during cornering.^[79] Wider axle tracks lower the risk of instability by increasing the vehicle's moment arm against tipping, as demonstrated in studies of vehicle dynamics where track width directly correlates with enhanced lateral grip and reduced body roll.^[80] In turning maneuvers, axle track influences overall stability alongside wheelbase, contributing to safer navigation on varied terrains. Continuous tracks, often called caterpillar treads, offer an alternative to wheeled systems for off-road mobility by replacing traditional axles with endless belts that distribute vehicle weight across a broader contact area. Invented in 1904 by Benjamin Holt of Holt Manufacturing Company, the first practical track-type tractor successfully navigated soft California soil, revolutionizing agricultural and military applications.^[81] These tracks, now standard on tractors, tanks, and construction equipment, reduce ground pressure to as low as 5-10 psi—far below wheeled vehicles—enabling traversal of mud, snow, or sand without sinking.^[82] The design's durability stems from articulated steel or rubber segments driven by sprockets, minimizing slippage and wear in demanding environments. Navigation tracks describe the projected or actual paths followed by vehicles in air, sea, or space, distinct from physical infrastructure but analogous in guiding movement. For satellites, the ground track is the locus of points on Earth's surface directly beneath the orbiting body, determined by orbital inclination, period, and nodal precession.^[83] This trace repeats daily for geosynchronous satellites or shifts westward for sun-synchronous orbits, aiding in coverage planning for Earth observation missions.^[84] Similarly, aircraft and ships adhere to planned tracks—great circle routes or waypoints—to optimize fuel efficiency and avoid hazards, with real-time adjustments for wind or currents ensuring precise ground-relative progression.^[85]

Other Uses

Business and Organizations

Track Records was an independent British record label established in late 1966 by Kit Lambert and Chris Stamp, managers of The Who.^[86] The label specialized in rock and psychedelic music, releasing works by artists such as The Jimi Hendrix Experience, The Who, and Golden Earring, and operated until it ceased trading in 1978 due to financial difficulties.^[86] A notable release was The Who's rock opera Tommy in 1969, which became a landmark album in the genre and achieved commercial success, topping charts in the UK and reaching number four in the US.^[87] In the context of conferences and events, "track" refers to thematic streams or divisions that organize presentations, papers, and sessions around specific topics to enhance focus and relevance for attendees.^[88] This practice became widespread in academic and professional gatherings, particularly in technology and interdisciplinary fields, starting in the 1990s; for instance, the 1990 IFIP World Conference on Computers in Education featured six dedicated tracks covering educational levels from elementary to vocational.^[89] Examples include "AI Track" or "Policy Track" at modern events like the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), allowing organizers to curate content for specialized audiences.^[88] Tracks Dance Company, operating as Tracks Inc., is an Australian contemporary dance theatre organization founded in 1993 in Darwin, Northern Territory, initially as the Tracks Dance Collective with five core members including Sarah Calver and David McMicken.^[90] Based on Larrakia Country, the company emphasizes community-engaged performances that integrate diverse cultural elements, with a strong focus on collaborations with First Nations artists and remote Indigenous communities to create works reflecting Australian identity and social themes.^[91] Its productions often address Indigenous perspectives through residencies and site-specific events, contributing to the national dance landscape.^[92] In business and organizational logistics, "track" denotes structured pathways or monitoring systems within supply chains, enabling companies to oversee the flow of goods from origin to destination for efficiency and transparency.^[93] This usage supports operational decision-making in sectors like manufacturing and retail, where track-and-trace technologies reduce risks and optimize resource allocation.^[94]

Science and Miscellaneous

In environmental science and urban planning, the concept of a "green track" refers to railway or tramway tracks where the bed and surrounding areas are planted with grass turf or other vegetation to promote sustainability. This design enhances water retention (up to 2,210 m³ per hectare of double track during summer), reduces noise pollution, supports biodiversity, and mitigates urban heat islands.^[95] Implementations have grown since the early 2000s, with examples in European tram systems and Australian light rail projects like Parramatta, contributing to ecological benefits in urban environments.^[96]^[97] In ballistics and physics, a track describes the parabolic trajectory of a projectile, such as a bullet or missile, under the influence of gravity and initial velocity. The path follows the equations of motion derived from Newton's laws, where the horizontal range R is given by

R = \frac{v^2 \sin(2\theta)}{g},

with v as the initial velocity, \theta as the launch angle, and g as gravitational acceleration (approximately 9.8 m/s²).^[98] This formula, fundamental to understanding projectile motion in vacuum or low-drag conditions, has been applied in fields like artillery design and aerospace engineering since the 19th century.^[99] In ethology, acoustic track analysis involves the scientific study and monitoring of animal vocalizations to track behavior, physiology, and social interactions. Bioacoustic methods record and analyze sound sequences from non-human animals, revealing patterns in communication, reproduction, and stress responses that inform conservation efforts.^[100] For example, large-scale microphone arrays enable precise localization and tracking of vocalizing wildlife, such as birds or mammals, by processing acoustic signals against environmental noise.^[101] This approach has advanced since the 2010s, using machine learning to assess welfare metrics like alarm calls or individual identity from vocal signatures.^[102] Emerging applications of tracks in digital science encompass AI-driven user behavior monitoring, raising privacy concerns under regulations like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Enacted in 2018, GDPR classifies cookie-based tracking as personal data processing, with 2024-2025 updates proposing relaxed rules for low-risk AI profiling to balance innovation and consent requirements.^[103] These changes allow broader legal grounds for websites to track user activity via cookies for purposes like personalized advertising, while mandating transparency in AI models trained on such data.^[104] In health sciences, fitness trackers like Fitbit devices, introduced in 2007, now incorporate AI for predictive analytics on user well-being. By 2025, Fitbit's AI features analyze heart rate, sleep, and activity data to forecast health risks, such as hospitalization probabilities with up to 91% accuracy, enabling proactive interventions.^[105]^[106] This evolution integrates machine learning to generate personalized coaching, transforming passive tracking into predictive health tools.^[107] Post-2023 advancements in AI surveillance have enhanced facial recognition tracks for security, allowing real-time monitoring of individual movements in public spaces. By 2025, over 97% of major airports deploy these systems to process millions of passengers daily, identifying threats via algorithmic path analysis.^[108] In law enforcement, AI integrates with cameras to detect suspicious behaviors and predict potential crimes by tracing facial trajectories, though this has sparked debates on data privacy under frameworks like the EU AI Act.^[109] Such technologies, powered by deep learning, achieve high accuracy in diverse environments but require regulatory oversight to mitigate biases.^[110]

References

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Athletics: Olympic history, rules, latest updates and upcoming events ...
Find out more about Olympic track and field athletics, including the latest news, highlights, and interviews with Olympian athletes.
[2]
Track and Field in the National Archives
Jan 8, 2024 · With 44 events, some of them dating back to the original Olympic Games in Ancient Greece, track and field is really several sports in one.<|separator|>
[3]
TRACK AND FIELD definition | Cambridge English Dictionary
a group of sports that includes running, jumping, and throwing objects and that usually involves large competitions.
[4]
World Athletics | Book of Rules | Official Documents
### Summary of Track and Field Event Rules
[5]
About World Athletics
Athletics, a sport that was founded in antiquity, has continued to adapt through the centuries, offering a dynamic, life-enhancing sport.Kids Athletics · Development · Structure · Employment
[6]
How do we study fossil tracks?
Footprints made with hind feet are called pes tracks, while those made with front feet are called manus tracks. Additional measurements are made of trackways, ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[7]
Glossary of tetrapod tracks - Palaeontologia Electronica
In quadrupeds, a single trackway midline can be defined for pes- and manus tracks. Defining the trackway midline separately for pes and manus tracks may ...
[8]
Dinosaur swim tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of La Rioja, Spain
The present work describes a new tracksite with 27 swimming tracks located in a fluvial setting from the Lower Cretaceous Urbion Group of La Rioja (Spain).5.1. Footprint Morphology · 6. Discussion · 6.2. Track Formation...
[9]
Ichnology: The Study of Tracks and Traces - SERC (Carleton)
Oct 17, 2006 · Ichnology is the scientific term for the study of tracks and traces. This includes vertebrate footprints, nests, and burrows.
[10]
Park Paleontology News - Fossils and Paleontology (U.S. National ...
May 19, 2025 · It preserves more than 2,000 tracks of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals in 200-million-year-old strata deposited in the basin of a ...
[11]
Theropod trackways from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone ...
The footprints consist almost entirely of tridactyls, grallatorid-grade tracks we ascribe to small theropod dinosaurs.
[12]
Dinosaur trackways and GM - Palaeontologia Electronica
The study of dinosaur tracks and trackways has been helpful to learn about the anatomy of the trackmaker and its biodynamics.Missing: gait | Show results with:gait
[13]
Footprint evidence of early hominin locomotor diversity at Laetoli ...
Dec 1, 2021 · Bipedal trackways discovered in 1978 at Laetoli site G, Tanzania and dated to 3.66 million years ago are widely accepted as the oldest ...
[14]
What is a Trail? - Capital Trails Coalition
Shared-use path/paved surface trail: an off-street travel-way that is designed for non-motorized travelers such as pedestrians, cyclists, inline/roller skaters, ...
[15]
Trails Are Not Outdoor Recreation Access Routes
An outdoor recreation access route is a continuous, unobstructed path designated for pedestrian use that connects pedestrian elements within a recreation site, ...
[16]
Desire paths: the illicit trails that defy the urban planners | Cities
Oct 5, 2018 · In the 90s, the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas spearheaded one of the best-known examples, letting the footfall of students inform his plan ...
[17]
The Sweet Track and Climate Change | Historic England
Nov 25, 2022 · The Sweet Track is a very early Neolithic wooden trackway, built as a single plank raised walkway across almost 2 kilometres of reedswamp.
[18]
Tag:highway=track - OpenStreetMap Wiki
### Summary of `highway=track` Definition (OpenStreetMap Wiki)
[19]
Bordeaux wine harvest - a quick guide
Sep 30, 2023 · The harvest takes one to three weeks, depending on the size of the vineyard, the weather and the technique used. Throughout the Bordeaux wine ...
[20]
Uncovering the Secrets of Ridgeways: Prehistoric Road System
Jun 26, 2023 · The Peddars Way is referred to by many as a Roman road, but this was likely an ancient trackway, adopted and remodelled by the Romans. It ...
[21]
The Secret History of the Roman Roads of Britain - Erenow
What did the Roman find when he arrived in the first century AD? He found a trackway already 2,000 years old. It was not engineered, and would have abounded ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[22]
Tracks (2013) - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 83% (127) An Australian (Mia Wasikowska) satisfies her craving for solitude by embarking on a solo trip across the desert from Alice Springs to the Indian Ocean.
[23]
https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tracks_1977
[24]
Venice film festival screening of Tracks – in pictures - The Guardian
More glitz and glamour on the Venice Lido red carpet, with Australian actor Mia Wasikowska attending the premiere of her new film. Thu 29 Aug 2013 20.32 EDT.
[25]
Venice Film Festival: Mia Wasikowska, Adam Driver make 'Tracks'
Aug 29, 2013 · Having premiered Thursday at the Venice Film Festival ahead of upcoming appearances in Telluride and Toronto, “Tracks” is directed by John ...
[26]
Tracks - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 50% (8) Stark reality mingled with paranoid fantasies in this film about a Vietnam veteran accompanying a fallen friend's body across the US for a proper burial give it ...
[27]
Screen: 'Tracks,' Anti-Vietnam War Movie, Opens:Cross-Country Trip
Feb 16, 1979 · The setting is a transcontinental train. Army Sergeant Jack Falen (Mr. Hopper), escorting the body of his dead war buddy home for burial, meets ...
[28]
Tracks Review (1976) - The Spinning Image
Sergeant Jack Falen (Dennis Hopper) has been assigned to go back home to the United States from Vietnam so that he can escort the coffin containing his dead ...Missing: plot | Show results with:plot
[29]
Across the Tracks - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 40% (34) Synopsis A reform-schooled teen (Rick Schroder) and his college-bound brother (Brad Pitt) become rival high-school runners. Director: Sandy Tung.
[30]
The world's most comprehensive Film database - AFI|Catalog
According to production notes in AMPAS library files, writer-director Sandy Tung approached producer Dale Rosenbloom with the plot for Across the Tracks, ...
[31]
https://www.supersummary.com/tracks/summary/
[32]
Tracks by Louise Erdrich Plot Summary - LitCharts
Apr 20, 2018 · In the story, Nanapush's relatives have all passed away, and all of the Pillager family is thought to have died in their remote cabin on Lake ...
[33]
Tracks: Erdrich, Louise: 9780805008951: Amazon.com: Books
Publisher, Henry Holt ; Publication date, January 1, 1988 ; Edition, First Edition ; Language, ‎English ; Print length, 226 pages.
[34]
Tracks Summary and Study Guide - SuperSummary
The central character in the novel is Fleur Pillager. After she is orphaned at age 17 during the 1912 epidemic, Nanapush takes her in, saving her life. Fleur, ...
[35]
Tracks by Robyn Davidson - Penguin Random House
NOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE Robyn Davidson's opens the memoir of her perilous journey across 1,700 miles of hostile Australian desert to the sea with only ...
[36]
Tracks Summary and Study Guide | SuperSummary
Originally published by Pantheon in 1980, Tracks traces Davidson's 1,700-mile solo walking venture through the Australian outback with her dog and four camels.
[37]
Dark Territory (Tracks) - Amazon.com
Book details ; Language. English ; Publisher. Hci ; Publication date. January 1, 2011 ; Grade level. 10 - 12 ; Dimensions. 5.5 x 1.5 x 8.25 inches.
[38]
Dark Territory (The Tracks, #1) by J. Gabriel Gates | Goodreads
Rating 4.0 (144) Jul 1, 2011 · This book, the first book of The Tracks series, is a paranormal Karate Kid meets West Side Story—but so much more. There is a mystery that ...
[39]
Tracks: A Woman's Solo Trek Across 1700 Miles of Australian ...
Feb 16, 2019 · The narrator, a young Australian woman named Robyn Davidson, arrives in the small outback town of Alice Springs with her dog Diggity, a small suitcase, and six ...
[40]
album track - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
album track (plural album tracks). Any individual piece of music, normally separated from the others by a short pause, on an LP, CD, etc.
[41]
A Mea Culpa on Les Paul and Multi-Tracks - NPR
Aug 26, 2007 · "The machine used was a single-track Ampex tape recorder that was given to Les by Bing Crosby after Les's 1948 car accident. He modified it by ...
[42]
Multitrack Recording: How to Build a Song in Your DAW | LANDR Blog
May 10, 2023 · Multitrack recording means building up a musical composition by recording each element one at a time in isolation.
[43]
https://www.discogs.com/release/4878816-Juliana-Hatfield-Wild-Animals
[44]
TRACK - 7tt77
Track was founded in 1966 by Kit Lambert and Chris Stamp, with Pete Kameron. Lambert and Stamp had taken over management of The Who in 1964.
[45]
Gary Numan - The Pleasure Principle Lyrics and Tracklist - Genius
Sep 7, 1979 · The Pleasure Principle Tracklist · Airlane Lyrics · Metal Lyrics · Complex Lyrics · Films Lyrics · M.E. Lyrics · Tracks Lyrics · Observer Lyrics.
[46]
https://www.cbs.com/shows/tracker/
[47]
Tracks | ROAM - Smile Wide - Bandcamp
8. Tracks. from Backbone. by ROAM · Includes unlimited streaming via the Bandcamp app, plus download in mp3, FLAC and more · Download available in 16-bit/44.1kHz.
[48]
The Track (TV Series 2000– ) - IMDb
The Track · Episodes1 · Photos · Top Cast21 · User reviews · Related interests · Storyline · Details · Tech specs.
[49]
Tracker on CBS
Justin Hartley stars as Colter Shaw, a trusted lone-wolf survivalist who uses his instincts to find the missing and collect rewards.Episode Guide · Watch Now · Watch Tracker Season 2... · Exodus
[50]
How Are Magnetic Storage Devices Organized? | Seagate US
Feb 27, 2024 · Tracks are concentric circles on the hard drive platters, resembling the grooves on a vinyl record. Sectors, on the other hand, are small ...
[51]
Hard Disk - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Tracks are concentric rings located on each platter that subdivide a platter for data recording. As shown in Figure 2.5c, a cylinder is a logical cross-section ...Missing: circles areal
[52]
Seagate sees hard drive capacity tripling by 2030 : r/DataHoarder
May 7, 2025 · For example, the Seagate Exos X24 has an average of 537,000 tracks per inch. It has up to a max sustained transfer rate of 285MB/s (on the outer ...
[53]
Hard Disk Drive Facts: 100 Insights into HDD History & Brands
Jul 11, 2025 · Hard drive areal density has grown from 2,000 bits per square inch to over 1 terabit per square inch. 48. Hard drives use voice coil motors to ...
[54]
FAT Filesystem - Elm-chan.org
In the FAT file system, the allocation unit is called Cluster. This is a block of one or more consecutive sectors and the data area is managed in this unit.Basics Of Fat File System · Boot Sector And Bpb · Fat Directory
[55]
Files Systems & Disk Formatting - Folder101
Physical Formatting. A magnetic disk is physically formatted (also call a low-level format) into a tracks, sectors and cylinders, usually by the manufacturer.
[56]
Overview of FAT, HPFS, and NTFS File Systems - Windows Client
Jan 15, 2025 · This article explains the differences between File Allocation Table (FAT), High Performance File System (HPFS), and NT File System (NTFS) under Windows NT, and ...Fat Overview · Hpfs Overview · Ntfs Overview
[57]
A heuristics based global navigation satellite system data reduction ...
Feb 28, 2019 · Then, the vehicle trajectory can be simplified by the Douglas–Peucker line simplification algorithm (Douglas and Peucker 1973).<|separator|>
[58]
Speeding Up the Douglas-Peucker Line-Simplification Algorithm
The Douglas-Peucker algorithm is a widely employed digital curve simplification method that effectively reduces complex curves to approximate forms with minimal ...
[59]
[PDF] Real-time GPS track simplification algorithm for outdoor navigation ...
This article describes an algorithm for real-time GPS track simplification. The test results show that the proposed algorithm (RSTS) has efficiency similar to ...
[60]
Logging data from smart contracts with events - Ethereum.org
An introduction to smart contract events and how you can use them to log data.
[61]
Event Logs: Learn how to Monitor Activities on the Blockchain
Mar 17, 2025 · Smart contracts can emit events whenever specific functions are triggered! Discover how to easily read these event logs on Blockscout.
[62]
Monitoring your smart contract activity just got easier - Circle
Dec 3, 2024 · Event Monitoring lets you track on-chain events—such as transactions and state changes—in smart contracts. By monitoring these events, ...
[63]
Top 5 Ethereum Block Explorers for Tracking Transactions in 2025
Rating 4.8 (187,117) Oct 17, 2025 · As Ethereum continues to scale, block explorers have become essential tools for users tracking ETH, tokens, NFTs and smart contracts.
[64]
https://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/news-multimedia/news/2020/03/20/how-it-all-began-at-the-indianapolis-motor-speedway-2020
[65]
[PDF] TECHNICAL RULES - World Athletics
Any firm, uniform surface that conforms to the specifications in the Track and Field Facilities. Manual, may be used for Track and Field Athletics. Outdoor ...
[66]
https://www.nascar.com/videos/franchise/nascar-cup-series-highlights/how-steep-is-talladega-superspeedway-ask-the-air-titan/
[67]
Track and Field Basics: What You Need to Know to Watch the Sport
Aug 29, 2025 · The two straightaways are 84.39 meters long, and the two semi-circle turns have a radius of 36.5 meters. The straightaway where races finish is ...
[68]
A major leap in track technology - Olympics.com
May 13, 2024 · Mexico 1968 was the first Olympic Games to use an artificial all-weather athletics track. A considerable improvement on the cinder running tracks.
[69]
The Paris Olympics wanted a fast track and it got one
Aug 11, 2024 · “Mondo tracks are known to be the fastest in the world, with 300-plus records to date and over 70 per cent of all current records,” says ...
[70]
An Analysis of Running Impact on Different Surfaces for Injury ... - NIH
Jul 20, 2023 · Previous research has concluded that the peak acceleration was lower on synthetic track than on concrete [4]. Additionally, lower vertical ...
[71]
Fastest run 100 metres (male) | Guinness World Records
Fastest run 100 metres (male) ; Who: Usain Bolt ; What: 9.58 second(s) ; Where: Germany (Berlin) ; When: 16 August 2009.
[72]
3000 Metres Steeplechase - World Athletics
The most common steeplechase event in athletics is the 3000m steeplechase, which includes 35 obstacles: 28 fixed barriers and seven water jumps. The winner is ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[73]
The story of how it all began at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Mar 20, 2020 · The road course section was abandoned soon after grading began at the site in March 1909, leaving the 2.5 miles that became the Indianapolis ...
[74]
About | Churchill Downs
The inaugural Kentucky Derby took place on May 17, 1875, at a distance of 1½ miles before shortening to its current 1¼ miles in 1896. That first race drew a ...
[75]
How steep is Talladega Superspeedway? Ask the Air Titan
Jun 21, 2020 · Watch as NASCAR's Air Titan gets sideways on the banking at Talladega Superspeedway. Talladega has 33 degrees of banking, one of the steepest in NASCAR.
[76]
Monaco Grand Prix 2025 - F1 Race
The Monaco Grand Prix 2025 race is on May 25th at 06:00. The circuit is 3.337km long with 78 laps. The first Grand Prix was in 1950.
[77]
Safety and Technological Development - FIA Activity Report 2024
Updated regulations for Group A, Electric Touring Cars, and Cross Country safety cages; Clarified definitions for Group N, Group A, and R-GT cars and safety ...
[78]
https://www.thedrive.com/news/an-australian-o-bahn-mass-transit-system-combines-buses-trains-and-trams-heres-how-it-works
[79]
Infrastructure | PRC Rail Consulting Ltd
Ballast is provided to give support, load transfer and drainage to the track and thereby keep water away from the rails and sleepers. Ballast must support the ...
[80]
Origin of the world's standard gauge of railway is in the interval of ...
When British engineer George Stephenson laid a railway between Stockton and Darlington in 1825, he adopted 4 feet and 8.5 inches (1,435mm) as the inner ...
[81]
Railway 200 looks to the future as well as the past | Rail Business UK
Sep 26, 2023 · A year-long programme of events being planned to mark the 200th anniversary of the opening of the Stockton & Darlington Railway on September 27 1825.
[82]
[PDF] Track and Support Rehabilitation 1975 on Black ... - Scholars' Mine
It consists of. Gcrwick RT-7 pre-stressed concrete ties and 119 lb/yd (60 kg/m) continuously welded rail. ... Typical form of rail head damage. ... and is ...
[83]
[PDF] Railway Track Design: A Review of Current Practice
The report contains detailed information relating to the engineering design of rails, sleepers and ballast, and where available presents alternate design ...
[84]
[PDF] FAST TRACK TO SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
574.8 KM/H WORLD SPEED RECORD (FRANCE 2007) ... On 3 April 2007, the world speed record for rail transport was set at 574.8 km/h by a special TGV train on the ...
[85]
Transportation Innovation: History of Maglev in the World
Sep 25, 2018 · Maglev in Japan. According to JR Central, research on a linear motor propulsion magnetically levitated railway system begin in 1962 as the next ...
[86]
[PDF] ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA - Transportation Research Board
Adelaide's 12-kilometer [7.4-mile] O-Bahn Guided Busway opened in 1986 and was completed in 1989. The 6.2-meter-wide [20-foot-wide] busway links downtown ...
[87]
An Australian O-Bahn Mass Transit System Combines Buses, Trains ...
Dec 8, 2022 · History. Adelaide's O-Bahn Busway is a system of concrete tracks connecting the city's northeastern suburbs with the central business district.
[88]
[PDF] An Assessment of the Effects of Passenger Vehicle Weight and Size ...
May 14, 2013 · (wheelbase and track width vs. footprint). • The estimated effect of curb weight does depend on the size model. • Combined effect of weight ...
[89]
An experimental study on the impact of the rear track width on the ...
The aim of this paper is to study the effect that the rear track width and additional weight placed on the wheels has on the stability of a tractor when ...
[90]
It All Began on Thanksgiving Day 1904 - Caterpillar
The test was successful, and thus the first practical track-type tractor was born on Thanksgiving Day 1904. The 40-horsepower machine even managed to outperform ...Missing: continuous | Show results with:continuous
[91]
continuous tracks have changed the world - News - Teknoxgroup
The Holt Manufacturing Company produced their first continuous track steam tractor as early as 1904, which was followed by a petrol engine version in 1906.
[92]
Ground Track - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Ground track is defined as the path on the Earth's surface directly beneath a satellite's orbit, which varies based on the satellite's orbital parameters ...
[93]
LRO Ground Track - NASA SVS
A satellite's ground track shows the path of its orbit on the surface of the parent body. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be placed in a nearly circular ...
[94]
Chapter 9 – Ground Tracks – Introduction to Orbital Mechanics
A ground track is a 2D map of the Earth that shows the path of a spacecraft over Earth's surface.
[95]
https://www.railone.com/fileadmin/daten/05-presse-medien/downloads/broschueren/en/Green_tracks_EN_2011_ebook.pdf
[96]
Tommy - The Who - Band
Tommy was released in the UK on 23 May 1969 by Track Records (Track 613013/4) with a subsequent double CD (Polydor 800 077-2), followed by a remixed single CD.
[97]
Track Descriptions | AMCIS 2025 - Conferences
This mini track explores cutting-edge applications of GAI in academic environments, including personalized learning experiences, AI counseling, AI assistants, ...Missing: thematic | Show results with:thematic
[98]
[PDF] IFIP MEETS IN BUENOS AIRES
Dec 10, 1990 · The exhibit area was crowded throughout the Conference. The six Conference tracks covered ele- mentary, secondary, university, and vo-.
[99]
About - Tracks Dance Company
Tracks produce exceptional performances of a high artistic standard and is nationally recognised as an innovative developer of a unique Australian dance idiom.Missing: theatre | Show results with:theatre
[100]
Working with First Nation Artists and Communities | Tracks Dance
Tracks artists have been involved in many residencies in remote communities, many leading to performances, and even sometimes touring.
[101]
Works Including Indigenous - Tracks Dance
My House - Corrugated Iron Youth Theatre co-production · The Winter's Tale - Darwin Theatre Company co-production · One Earth One Family - Corrugated Iron Youth ...Missing: performances | Show results with:performances
[102]
Supply Chain Track and Trace - GEP
Jan 6, 2023 · Supply chain track and trace is a system using software, hardware, and processes to monitor the movement of goods from origin to destination.
[103]
What is Logistics Tracking: Key Concepts and Best Practices - AiRISTA
Jun 4, 2024 · Logistics tracking is the process of overseeing and managing the movement and status of goods throughout the entire supply chain, from the point of origin to ...
[104]
Green Corridors – an initiative from the European Commission
Aug 27, 2014 · The Green Corridors origins from a European Commission initiative aiming at developing a greener transport policy, that satisfies the climate challenge.Missing: monitoring | Show results with:monitoring
[105]
Sustainable Technologies and Innovation for Green Corridors
A survey to identify sustainable technology candidates for the greening of the corridors has been performed, and the most suitable ones for the possible ...Missing: initiatives | Show results with:initiatives
[106]
4.3 Projectile Motion - University Physics Volume 1 | OpenStax
Sep 19, 2016 · h = v 0 y 2 2 g . h = v 0 y 2 2 g . This equation defines the maximum height of a projectile above its launch position and it depends only on ...
[107]
Projectile Motion | Physics - Lumen Learning
The components of position s are given by the quantities x and y, and the components of the velocity v are given by vx = v cos θ and vy = v sin θ, where v is ...
[108]
Acoustic sequences in non-human animals: a tutorial review and ...
Animal acoustic communication often takes the form of complex sequences, made up of multiple distinct acoustic units. Apart from the well-known example of ...
[109]
Bio-acoustic tracking and localization using heterogeneous ... - Nature
Nov 10, 2021 · Here we show the development and application of large flexible microphone arrays that can be used to localize and track any vocalizing animal and study their ...
[110]
A scoping review of the use of bioacoustics to assess various ...
Recording and analyzing animal sounds, including vocal and non-vocal cues, is a relevant tool to access and monitor different aspects of animal physiology, ...
[111]
https://www.csoonline.com/article/4087355/european-commission-moves-to-loosen-gdpr-for-ai-and-cookie-tracking-2.html
[112]
https://www.eunews.it/en/2025/11/10/digital-data-gdpr-simplification-serves-corporate-interests-and-limits-user-privacy/
[113]
Fitbit Revenue and Usage Statistics (2025) - Business of Apps
Oct 14, 2025 · Fitbit generated $1.04 billion revenue in 2023. The value is estimated, as Google does not break out Fitbit revenue.Missing: history predictions
[114]
Fitbit Users Are Getting A Major AI Overhaul - Forbes
Aug 22, 2025 · Later this year an AI health and fitness coach is coming to Fitbit trackers and Pixel Watch, via the Fitbit app.
[115]
AI Shown to Help Predict Hospitalization Risks Using Fitbit Data ...
Apr 25, 2025 · AI, using Fitbit data of heart rate and step count, can predict hospitalization risk with 91% accuracy, potentially impacting patient care.Missing: history 2007
[116]
Facial Recognition Trends and Statistics: A Comprehensive 2025 ...
Sep 5, 2025 · 97% of airports implemented facial recognition by 2023; Customs and Border Protection processes 2+ million passengers across 15,000 flights ...
[117]
How AI is Transforming Traditional Surveillance Systems
Aug 25, 2024 · Facial recognition: AI-powered facial recognition systems have become a powerful tool for identifying individuals and tracking their movements.
[118]
2024 Update on DHS's Use of Face Recognition & Face Capture ...
Jan 16, 2025 · Face Recognition and Face Capture (FR/FC) are powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) uses.Missing: advancements | Show results with:advancements