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Groypers

The Groypers, also known as the Groyper Army, constitute a decentralized network of young online activists and provocateurs centered around political commentator Nicholas J. Fuentes, employing the eponymous Groyper meme—a variant of the Pepe the Frog character—to challenge and radicalize mainstream conservatism toward stricter nationalist positions. The movement emphasizes "America First" principles, including opposition to mass immigration, U.S. foreign interventions, and cultural multiculturalism, while promoting traditional Christian ethics and skepticism toward neoconservative influences. Prominent through the 2019 "Groyper Wars," participants disrupted events hosted by figures like [[Charlie Kirk]] and [[Ben Shapiro]], interrogating them on issues such as U.S. support for Israel and demographic changes in America, aiming to expose what they view as insufficient commitment to white-majority preservation and sovereignty. While Fuentes portrays Groypers as patriotic fans advocating uncompromised conservatism, anti-extremism watchdogs like the ADL classify the group as white nationalist for its rhetoric on race, ethnicity, and perceived Jewish overrepresentation in media and policy, claims that have led to widespread deplatforming yet persistent online influence. The Groypers have contributed to intra-right factionalism, pressuring Republican alignments toward isolationism and identity politics, though their overt tactics and associations with events like January 6 have fueled ongoing ostracism from establishment GOP circles.

Origins and Background

The Groyper Meme and Early Online Presence

The Groyper is an internet meme character consisting of a rotund, green, toad-like amphibian, depicted in a seated position with its chin resting on interlocked fingers in a contemplative pose. It emerged as a variant of the Pepe the Frog meme, originally created by artist Matt Furie in 2005 for the comic Boy's Club, which had gained widespread use across online forums by the mid-2010s. The Groyper image first appeared on 4chan around 2015, initially as a smug, reclining iteration of Pepe employed in anonymous imageboard discussions. By 2017, the Groyper had gained traction as an edgier, explicitly provocative symbol within alt-right and fringe online subcultures, distinguishing itself from mainstream Pepe usages through its association with ironic sarcasm and boundary-pushing commentary. Early iterations circulated primarily on anonymous platforms like 4chan's /pol/ board, where users deployed it in threads critiquing cultural and political norms, often blending humor with dissent against establishment conservatism. Some observers noted its appeal in Australian 4chan communities, where it was alternatively termed "Easter Toad," though the precise etymology of "Groyper" remains undocumented in primary sources. The meme's initial online presence was confined to decentralized, pseudonymous environments such as imageboards and early Reddit communities, fostering a loose network of posters who used it to signal in-group affiliation without centralized organization. This period predated its broader politicization, with deployments focusing on meme warfare tactics like shitposting and reaction images to amplify contrarian viewpoints. By late 2017, as documented in contemporaneous reporting, the Groyper had begun supplanting Pepe in certain alt-right circles, reflecting evolving preferences for more grotesque, toad-specific aesthetics amid platform crackdowns on Pepe imagery. Its spread relied on the viral mechanics of anonymous posting, evading moderation through visual subtlety compared to more overt symbols.

Formation as a Political Movement

The Groyper movement coalesced as a political entity through the growing online following of Nick Fuentes, who debuted his America First live-streamed commentary series in February 2017 on the Right Side Broadcasting Network before going independent later that year. Fuentes, a college student at the time, positioned his content as a critique of establishment conservatism, emphasizing immigration restriction, opposition to foreign wars, and cultural traditionalism, which resonated with disaffected young right-wing audiences post-2016 election. Supporters of Fuentes began adopting the Groyper meme—a green, smug-faced frog variant of Pepe—as a symbolic banner to differentiate themselves from mainstream conservatives, signaling a more uncompromising nationalist posture. This online subculture, initially centered on Fuentes' streams and social media, evolved into coordinated networks via platforms like Telegram and Discord, where participants shared memes, debated ideology, and planned ideological challenges to perceived insufficiently nationalist groups such as Turning Point USA. By 2018, these efforts had formalized a loose but ideologically unified group identity focused on "America First" priorities, transitioning from digital trolling to preparatory organizational structures for real-world activism. The movement's political formation was marked by its rejection of broader alt-right associations after the 2017 Charlottesville rally—where Fuentes had spoken—opting instead for a rebranded, youth-oriented nationalism that avoided overt swastika imagery while maintaining core ethnonationalist and anti-interventionist stances. This strategic pivot, articulated in Fuentes' content, attracted recruits seeking a viable alternative to both liberal democracy and diluted GOP orthodoxy, solidifying the Groypers as a distinct faction by emphasizing personal loyalty to Fuentes and collective enforcement of purity tests on immigration, Judaism's influence, and Christian values.

Leadership and Key Figures

Nick Fuentes serves as the central leader of the Groypers, a loose network of online activists and trolls who emerged as his followers and associates starting around 2017. He hosts the daily "America First" livestream and podcast, which attracts an audience of thousands and disseminates the movement's critiques of mainstream conservatism. Fuentes founded the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) in February 2020 as a platform for Groyper-aligned speakers, positioning it as a rival to events like the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). Through these channels, he directed the 2019 Groyper Wars, coordinating disruptions at Turning Point USA events to challenge perceived ideological impurities in the conservative movement. While the Groypers lack a formal hierarchy, several figures have played prominent roles in amplifying Fuentes' influence. Patrick Casey, previously leader of the American Identity Movement (formerly Identity Evropa), collaborated with Fuentes on early activism, including Groyper challenges, but split from the group in February 2021 amid concerns over FBI infiltration. Vincent James, a former YouTuber with a large Telegram following of over 41,000 subscribers as of 2022, contributes content on immigration and cultural issues and has spoken at AFPAC gatherings. Jaden McNeil, who resigned as president of Turning Point USA at Kansas State University, established America First Students to promote Groyper ideas on campuses. Other associates include Jacob Lloyd, who helped formulate provocative questions for Groyper event disruptions and spoke at the 2019 Groyper Leadership Summit, and Anthime Gionet (known as Baked Alaska), a livestreamer linked to Groyper symbols like Pit Viper sunglasses. Conservative commentator Michelle Malkin has supported the group publicly, speaking at America First events and referring to herself as a maternal figure to Groypers, though she maintains distance from more extreme elements. These individuals operate within Fuentes' orbit, contributing to the movement's online mobilization and occasional offline actions, but ultimate direction remains tied to his platform.

Ideology and Principles

America First Nationalism

The Groypers' conception of America First Nationalism prioritizes the sovereignty, cultural integrity, and demographic stability of the United States, framing it as a defense of the historic American nation against globalism, multiculturalism, and unchecked immigration. Founded on principles articulated by Nick Fuentes through the America First Foundation, established in 2020, this ideology amalgamates Trump-era populism with explicit nationalism, emphasizing loyalty to the nation's founding European Christian heritage over universalist or interventionist policies. It posits that true patriotism requires restoring traditional virtues, family structures, and Christian influence in governance to counter perceived cultural decline and loss of national identity. Central to this nationalism is opposition to mass immigration, viewed as a threat that erodes the ethnic and religious core of America by facilitating demographic shifts toward a non-white majority. Fuentes and his followers invoke "replacement" rhetoric, with Fuentes stating in speeches that efforts to alter the nation's composition must be resisted to preserve its original character. They advocate halting or severely restricting immigration, prioritizing assimilation into a Christian, Western framework, and criticize bipartisan policies for enabling what they term an invasion that burdens resources and dilutes sovereignty. Economically, it endorses protectionism to shield native workers from offshoring and trade deals favoring foreign interests, aligning with a vision of self-sufficiency over free-market globalism. In foreign policy, America First Nationalism demands non-interventionism, rejecting endless wars, foreign aid, and alliances that subordinate U.S. interests to international bodies or lobbies, such as opposition to aid for Ukraine or unconditional support for Israel, which Fuentes argues diverts funds from domestic priorities. This stance critiques neoconservative influence in the Republican Party, favoring isolation to focus inward on rebuilding national strength. While advocacy groups like the Anti-Defamation League characterize these positions as veiled white nationalism due to their ethnocultural emphases, Groypers maintain they represent pragmatic realism rooted in first loyalty to American citizens and their traditions.

Christian Nationalism and Traditionalism

The Groypers advocate Christian nationalism, asserting that the United States was founded as a Christian nation and that public policy must align with biblical principles to preserve societal order and moral integrity. Leader Nick Fuentes has publicly declared himself a Christian nationalist, emphasizing the need for Christianity to guide governance and reject secular liberalism. This stance involves opposition to abortion, same-sex marriage, and what they term cultural Marxism, viewing these as threats to traditional Christian ethics. Influenced by Catholic integralism, Groypers argue for the integration of Church doctrine into state functions, where civil authority serves the spiritual common good rather than individual autonomy or pluralism. Fuentes promotes a vision of America under "Christ the King," prioritizing Catholic moral teachings on issues like immigration and family structure over democratic relativism. They critique mainstream conservatism for compromising on social issues, insisting on a return to pre-modern Christian norms that subordinate personal liberty to communal piety and hierarchical order. Traditionalism within the movement emphasizes patriarchal family units, high birth rates among Christians, and rejection of feminism and gender ideology as antithetical to natural law. Groypers frame these values as essential for national survival, linking demographic decline to moral decay and advocating policies that incentivize traditional households. Their rhetoric often invokes historical Catholic monarchies and crusades as models, aspiring to restore a confessional state where Christianity informs all aspects of law and culture. This approach contrasts with evangelical Protestant variants of Christian nationalism by centering Roman Catholic authority and sacramental worldview.

Critiques of Mainstream Conservatism

Groypers maintain that mainstream conservatism, derogatorily termed "Conservatism Inc." by critics within the movement, has devolved into a performative ideology that prioritizes institutional preservation, donor interests, and neoconservative foreign entanglements over substantive defense of American sovereignty and traditional values. They argue this establishment conservatism, represented by outlets like National Review and organizations such as the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), systematically avoids confronting the root causes of cultural and demographic decline, instead offering rhetorical opposition without policy victories—evidenced by the failure to halt mass immigration despite decades of Republican control of Congress and the presidency. For instance, between 1986 and 2023, amnesties and expansions of legal immigration pathways, including H-1B visas favored by tech donors, continued under conservative administrations, which Groypers attribute to a causal alignment with globalist economic pressures rather than principled nationalism. A core critique centers on foreign policy, where Groypers accuse mainstream conservatives of subordinating America First principles to unconditional support for Israel and endless Middle Eastern interventions, viewing this as a betrayal driven by dual loyalties and lobby influence rather than strategic realism. Nick Fuentes has repeatedly highlighted how figures like Charlie Kirk and Ben Shapiro defend billions in annual U.S. aid to Israel—totaling over $150 billion since 1948—while downplaying domestic border security crises, such as the record 2.5 million migrant encounters at the southwest border in fiscal year 2023. This disparity, they contend, reflects a causal prioritization of foreign ethnic interests over American workers and security, undermining the isolationist tendencies of early conservatism exemplified by figures like Pat Buchanan. On cultural issues, Groypers fault mainstream conservatism for acquiescing to progressive norms, including tolerance of homosexuality, feminism, and multiculturalism, which they see as eroding Christian foundations and white-majority demographics—projected by U.S. Census data to become a minority by 2045 under current trends. During the 2019 Groyper Wars, activists disrupted Turning Point USA events with questions like "How does the acceptance of sodomy not undermine societal stability?" directed at Kirk, and challenges to Shapiro on why conservatism tolerates "gay marriage" despite biblical prohibitions, exposing what they describe as ideological cowardice masked as pragmatism. Fuentes attributes this to a broader failure of causal reasoning, where conservatives blame "wokeism" without addressing institutional biases in media and academia that entrench left-wing dominance, preferring fusionism with libertarians and evangelicals over unyielding traditionalism. Economically, Groypers decry free-trade orthodoxy and offshoring, arguing it hollows out the American heartland— with manufacturing jobs declining from 19.5 million in 1979 to 12.9 million by 2023—while conservatism defends it as market efficiency, ignoring worker displacement and wage stagnation causally linked to NAFTA and China's WTO entry in 2001 under bipartisan support. They position their "America First" alternative as a rejection of this elite consensus, demanding tariffs and immigration moratoriums to restore self-sufficiency, though mainstream sources often dismiss these as populist excesses without engaging the empirical wage data from displaced industries.

Major Campaigns and Tactics

The Groyper War of 2019

The Groyper War of 2019 consisted of a coordinated series of disruptions by followers of Nick Fuentes, known as Groypers, targeting events organized by Turning Point USA (TPUSA) during its "Culture War" campus tour. The campaign, announced by Fuentes in late September 2019, aimed to challenge TPUSA founder Charlie Kirk and other speakers on perceived deviations from strict "America First" conservatism, particularly regarding immigration policy, U.S. foreign aid to Israel, and cultural issues like homosexuality. Groypers attended public Q&A sessions to pose provocative questions designed to elicit responses that could be framed online as evidence of ideological inconsistency or undue influence by neoconservative or pro-Israel lobbies. Fuentes amplified these incidents via live streams on platforms like DLive, drawing larger audiences than TPUSA's official broadcasts in some cases, such as 4,000 viewers compared to TPUSA's 400 during an Ohio State event. Key disruptions began in mid-October 2019 and escalated through November. On October 29, 2019, at Ohio State University, Groypers posed 14 questions during a Q&A with Kirk and guest Rob Smith, a gay Iraq War veteran; 11 came from Groypers or aligned "Nickers," including queries on "dancing parties in Jerusalem" alluding to the 9/11 "Dancing Israelis" conspiracy theory to question U.S.-Israel ties, and "How does anal sex help us win the culture war?" to probe views on homosexuality's compatibility with traditional values. Kirk responded by labeling the questioners as white supremacists and antisemites, refusing to engage substantively on several prompts. Earlier stops on the tour, such as at the University of Nevada, Reno (October 7), Grand Canyon University (October 21), Colorado State University (October 23), University of Iowa (October 24), and University of New Hampshire (October 25), saw similar tactics, though less documented in detail; Groypers used these to test Kirk's positions on topics like mass immigration and whether America is a "propositional nation" defined by ideas rather than ethnicity. A pivotal event occurred in November 2019 at UCLA, where Kirk appeared with Donald Trump Jr. to promote the book Triggered. Groypers heckled the speakers over support for Israel and immigration policies, leading to the event being cut short after approximately 20 minutes amid persistent interruptions. Fuentes praised the UCLA action as a success in exposing "Zionist" influences, while Kirk and TPUSA implemented measures like pre-screening questions and enhanced security at subsequent events to curb further disruptions. Online, Groypers memed clips of Kirk's responses, trending hashtags like #dancingisraelis on Twitter and framing the campaign as a purge of "fake conservatives" who prioritized globalism over national sovereignty. The war highlighted intra-right tensions, with Groypers arguing that mainstream conservative organizations like TPUSA compromised on core issues to appeal to donors and broader audiences, including pro-Israel groups. Kirk maintained that the trolls represented fringe alt-right elements seeking to derail productive discourse, leading TPUSA to publicly denounce Fuentes and his network. By late 2019, the disruptions had forced TPUSA to adapt its event formats, but they also boosted Fuentes' visibility among dissident right audiences, solidifying the Groypers as a tactical force in challenging perceived establishment conservatism.

Groyper War 2 and 2024 Efforts

In August 2024, Nick Fuentes announced "Groyper War 2," framing it as a digital offensive against Donald Trump's presidential campaign for allegedly compromising on core America First priorities, including non-interventionist foreign policy and strict immigration enforcement. The initiative echoed the 2019 Groyper War's disruptive tactics but shifted to online mobilization, directing followers to deploy memes, trolls, and coordinated social media barrages to highlight perceived concessions to establishment Republicans, such as outreach to neoconservative donors or moderation on issues like Ukraine aid. Fuentes positioned the campaign as a push to force Trump to purge advisors seen as insufficiently nationalist and recommit to isolationism, mass deportations, and opposition to globalist influences, with specific demands amplified during high-profile moments like Trump's live interviews on X in August and September 2024, where Groyper activity reportedly peaked. Tactics included grassroots protests and digital harassment targeting campaign surrogates, though analyses from monitoring groups noted limited direct policy shifts, attributing any visibility gains to broader amplification by aligned online networks rather than concessions from Trump. Beyond War 2, Groyper-aligned efforts in 2024 encompassed the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) in February, where Fuentes hosted speakers critiquing mainstream conservatism and GOP leadership for failing to deliver on 2016 promises, drawing over 100 attendees focused on building parallel nationalist infrastructure. Activists also engaged in localized actions, such as challenging establishment candidates in Republican primaries and promoting anti-immigration messaging at Trump rallies, with Fuentes endorsing Trump while reserving criticism for deviations like cabinet picks perceived as hawkish. These activities aimed to normalize demands for Christian nationalist policies, including restrictions on abortion and LGBTQ advocacy, though platform algorithms and deplatforming risks constrained reach, as evidenced by Fuentes' reliance on Cozy.tv for streaming. Despite the campaign's aggressive rhetoric, post-election assessments in 2025 indicated marginal influence on Trump's victory, with Groypers claiming credit for mobilizing young voters on issues like border security but facing pushback from mainstream Republicans who viewed the tactics as counterproductive divisiveness. Fuentes attributed any shortcomings to censorship by Big Tech, citing over 10,000 reported bot and shadowban incidents targeting Groyper content during peak efforts.

Online Trolling and Meme Warfare

Groypers conduct online trolling and meme warfare to challenge mainstream conservatives, whom they deride as insufficiently committed to priorities such as restriction and opposition to foreign entanglements. Central to this effort is the Groyper meme, a of the character featuring a toad in a pensive pose, used symbolically to represent intellectual superiority over targeted figures. Followers deploy these images across social media to mock perceived betrayals, such as support for high immigration levels or unconditional aid to , often through ironic or exaggerated depictions that amplify critiques. Tactics involve coordinated "shitposting" campaigns, where participants flood comment sections, forums, and event live streams with memes and pointed questions designed to provoke defensive responses and expose inconsistencies. During the 2019 Groyper War against Turning Point USA events, online activity complemented in-person disruptions by circulating video clips of evasive answers alongside memes labeling speakers as "cuckservatives" or globalists. This digital amplification, conducted via platforms like Twitter (pre-ban) and Telegram channels, aimed to viralize content and pressure conservative organizations to address taboo topics. Following deplatforming from major sites—Nick Fuentes was permanently banned from Twitter in July 2021 and YouTube earlier—Groypers shifted to alternative networks like Cozy.tv and Gab, sustaining meme production through encrypted groups. Reports indicate these efforts have influenced online discourse by normalizing harder-line nationalist rhetoric among younger conservatives, though critics from left-leaning outlets attribute the strategy to advancing white nationalist agendas without empirical substantiation beyond guilt by association. The approach relies on irony and edgelord humor to evade censorship while building a parallel digital ecosystem, with memes serving as low-cost vectors for ideological recruitment.

Political Activities and Involvement

Participation in January 6 Events

Several members of the Groyper movement, aligned with the America First banner, attended the January 6, 2021, rally in Washington, D.C., organized as the "Save America March" by then-President Donald Trump to protest the certification of the 2020 election results. Leaders Nicholas J. Fuentes and Patrick Casey were documented as present on the Capitol grounds that day, having promoted participation in preceding "Stop the Steal" demonstrations that mobilized supporters toward the events. The House Select Committee investigating the Capitol events subpoenaed both on January 19, 2022, citing their roles in amplifying election fraud narratives and attendance at the rally. Footage captured groups identifying as part of the Groyper Army—Fuentes' online supporter base—entering the Capitol building during the unrest, including instances of individuals carrying a large blue flag while moving through interior spaces. At least five members associated with the America First movement, including Jeffrey Brody, were charged federally for entering the Capitol together on January 6; court affidavits detailed their coordinated breach and presence inside restricted areas. Similarly, Paul Lovley, an ex-NSA contractor linked to America First circles, pleaded guilty to related charges alongside four co-defendants described by prosecutors as group members, receiving a two-week sentence in June 2023. Individual convictions highlight further Groyper-linked involvement: Riley June Williams, a Pennsylvania resident prosecutors described as fixated on Fuentes' content, was convicted in November 2022 on charges including violent entry and disorderly conduct for leading a mob toward Speaker Nancy Pelosi's office, where she assisted in stealing a laptop; she received a three-year prison term in March 2023. Christian Secor, a former UCLA student and self-identified Fuentes adherent who founded a campus chapter of the group, was sentenced to over three years in October 2022 for seditious conspiracy and other offenses after entering the Capitol and posting celebratory messages online. These cases reflect participation by a subset of Groypers in the crowd's advance on the building, though neither Fuentes nor Casey faced charges for direct entry or violence. Post-event tensions emerged, with Fuentes and Casey publicly clashing over strategies, contributing to fractures within the movement.

Endorsements, Rallies, and Activism

The Groypers' primary rallies center on the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC), an annual event initiated by Nick Fuentes in February 2020 as an alternative to mainstream conservative gatherings like the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). AFPAC typically features speeches emphasizing nationalist themes, with attendance drawn from Fuentes' online followers and aligned activists; the 2021 event in Orlando, Florida, attracted hundreds of participants. Several Republican elected officials have spoken at AFPAC, signaling alignment with Groyper priorities such as immigration restriction and opposition to establishment conservatism. U.S. Representative Paul Gosar provided the keynote address at the 2021 conference, praising the attendees' commitment to "America First" policies. The 2022 iteration included addresses by Representatives Marjorie Taylor Greene and Paul Gosar, Arizona State Senator Wendy Rogers, and Idaho Lieutenant Governor Janice McGeachin, who highlighted shared goals on border security and cultural issues. In 2023, AFPAC was held at a venue across from the CPAC site in National Harbor, Maryland, underscoring its positioning as a parallel event for dissident conservatives. Groyper endorsements and activism often target support for candidates advancing restrictive immigration and nationalist platforms, with influence exerted through coordinated online efforts and on-the-ground actions. During the 2024 U.S. elections, Groyper-affiliated groups in Arizona provided hot dogs and burgers to voters at polling sites, an activity that violated state laws prohibiting food distribution within 75 feet of ballot drop boxes to prevent undue influence. Fuentes and his followers have claimed credit for shifting Republican rhetoric toward stricter immigration controls, citing viral campaigns in 2024 and 2025 that pressured figures like Donald Trump to adopt harder lines against "third world immigration." Arizona State Senator Wendy Rogers, a frequent AFPAC speaker, publicly solicited Groyper assistance via Telegram in 2022 to oppose rival Republican Ron Watkins in a primary challenge. These activities reflect a strategy of infiltrating and influencing GOP primaries and campaigns, though direct formal endorsements from Fuentes remain selective and focused on "America First" loyalists.

Interactions with Broader Right-Wing Figures

Groypers, led by Nick Fuentes, have frequently confronted mainstream conservative figures at public events to challenge their positions on immigration, foreign policy, and cultural issues, viewing them as insufficiently committed to America First principles. In 2019, Groyper adherents disrupted Turning Point USA events featuring Charlie Kirk, posing questions about Jewish influence in media and support for mass immigration, which they framed as tests of ideological purity. Similar tactics were employed against Ben Shapiro during his speaking tour at Boston University on November 12, 2019, where attendees questioned his stances on Israel and demographic changes in the U.S. These interactions highlighted tensions between Groypers and establishment conservatives, whom Fuentes accused of promoting neoconservative policies over nationalism. Despite criticisms of figures like Kirk and Shapiro, Groypers have expressed conditional support for Donald Trump, praising his 2016 campaign rhetoric on borders and trade while faulting his administration for perceived betrayals, such as high legal immigration levels. On November 22, 2022, Fuentes dined with Trump and Ye (formerly Kanye West) at Mar-a-Lago, an event Trump described as quick and unplanned, though it drew widespread condemnation from Republican leaders for associating with Fuentes' views. By August 2024, Fuentes escalated rhetoric against Trump, declaring a "war" over the former president's refusal to adopt more restrictive immigration policies and perceived moderation. Fuentes' association with Ye extended beyond the Trump dinner, including joint appearances and video posts in early 2025, where they discussed shared grievances against establishment media and Hollywood. Ye's public alignment with Fuentes amplified Groyper talking points on censorship and cultural decline, though it contributed to Ye's further isolation from mainstream conservative circles. These engagements underscore Groypers' strategy of infiltrating or allying with high-profile right-wing personalities to push for a harder nationalist line, often resulting in public repudiations from broader conservative institutions.

Accusations of White Nationalism and Antisemitism

Critics, including advocacy organizations such as the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), have accused the Groyper movement of promoting white nationalism through its advocacy for strict immigration restrictions aimed at preserving a white, European-descended demographic majority in the United States, viewing such positions as prioritizing ethnic identity over civic nationalism. These groups describe Groypers as a rebranded iteration of alt-right activism, citing online rhetoric that emphasizes "white identity politics" and opposition to multiculturalism as evidence of supremacist undertones, despite the movement's framing of its goals as cultural preservation rather than racial superiority. Nick Fuentes, the movement's central figure, has rejected the white nationalist label, describing "white supremacist" as an "anti-white slur" deployed to stifle debate on demographic shifts and national sovereignty. Accusations intensified during the 2019 Groyper Wars, where supporters disrupted Turning Point USA events with questions challenging mainstream conservatives on immigration and foreign aid, which critics interpreted as veiled appeals to white grievance narratives, though participants maintained the inquiries targeted policy inconsistencies rather than race explicitly. On antisemitism, detractors highlight Fuentes' statements questioning the Holocaust's death toll—such as smirking denials of its scale in a 2021 video—and his 2023 rally declaration, "I love you, and I love Hitler," as direct endorsements of historical antisemitic figures and narratives. Further evidence cited includes rhetoric targeting "Talmudic Jews" as adversaries in cultural wars and associations with Kanye West, whose 2022 antisemitic outbursts preceded a Mar-a-Lago dinner with Fuentes and former President Trump on November 22, 2022, amplifying perceptions of normalized bigotry. Groyper disruptions have frequently invoked themes of disproportionate Jewish influence in media, finance, and U.S. foreign policy, such as queries during the Groyper Wars about prioritizing Israel over domestic borders, which outlets like Newsweek and the ADL classify as recycling antisemitic tropes of dual loyalty and control, even as proponents argue they reflect legitimate scrutiny of lobbying and neoconservative priorities. Sources advancing these accusations, including the ADL, have themselves drawn criticism for expansive definitions that equate anti-Zionism or Israel policy critiques with Jew-hatred, potentially inflating claims against figures opposing unconditional U.S. support for Israel. Despite this, Fuentes' explicit Holocaust skepticism and Hitler affinity provide empirical basis for the charges, distinguishing them from mere policy disagreements.

Baseless Associations with Violence (e.g., Kirk Assassination Theories)

The assassination of conservative activist Charlie Kirk on September 10, 2025, during a speaking event at Utah Valley University prompted immediate speculation on social media and among left-leaning commentators that the perpetrator was affiliated with the Groyper movement, portraying the killing as an act of intra-right-wing extremism. These theories often cited Groypers' prior public criticisms of Kirk as insufficiently nationalist or "cuckservative," suggesting motive in his moderation on issues like immigration and Israel policy. However, such associations rested on anecdotal online rhetoric rather than forensic or investigative evidence, reflecting motivated reasoning to frame political violence as originating from the right despite contradictory indicators. Tyler Robinson, the 22-year-old suspect arrested on September 12, 2025, in Orem, Utah, and charged with aggravated murder, exhibited motives tied to personal circumstances involving a romantic relationship with his transgender roommate and opposition to Kirk's views on transgender issues, as detailed in court filings and text messages where Robinson expressed exhaustion with Kirk's "hatred." Bullet casings recovered at the scene bore inscriptions referencing antifascist symbols (e.g., "Bella Ciao") and internet memes like "Squatting Slav," which investigators linked to Robinson's recent leftward ideological shift rather than Groyper iconography or networks. Federal probes have found no connections between Robinson and Groyper-affiliated groups or individuals, underscoring the absence of shared organizational ties, communication records, or ideological overlap—Groypers emphasize America First nationalism and critique establishment conservatives verbally, not through targeted assassinations of figures like Kirk. Nick Fuentes, the Groyper movement's prominent leader, rejected the speculations on September 13, 2025, via X (formerly Twitter), stating there was "zero evidence" of involvement and accusing detractors of framing his followers to suppress their activism. Analyses of the incident highlight how the rarity of documented left-wing political violence—contrasted with higher incidences on the right in datasets tracking U.S. cases since 1990—fueled a "comforting fiction" among some observers eager to attribute the killing to far-right elements, bypassing emerging evidence of Robinson's personal and ideological drivers. No peer-reviewed or law enforcement-sourced reports have substantiated Groyper complicity, and the theories dissipated as details emerged, exemplifying unsubstantiated linkages that conflate online dissidence with physical aggression. More broadly, efforts to tie Groypers to violence often invoke their confrontational tactics, such as the 2019 Groyper Wars' campus disruptions, yet these remain non-violent rhetorical challenges without convictions for assault or homicide among core participants. Such claims parallel historical patterns where dissident right-wing groups face amplified scrutiny from institutionally left-leaning media and academia, prioritizing narrative alignment over empirical verification, as seen in the swift retraction or marginalization of Kirk-related Groyper theories post-arrest.

Platform Bans and Censorship

Nicholas Fuentes, the leader associated with the Groyper movement, has faced extensive deplatforming across major social media and content platforms. In July 2021, Twitter permanently banned his account for violations of its rules against hateful conduct. The platform briefly reinstated the account in late 2022 following changes in ownership and policy, but suspended it again on January 25, 2023, citing repeated breaches of its policies. Similarly, YouTube terminated Fuentes' channel multiple times, including a permanent ban in 2020 that was briefly challenged but upheld; a further termination occurred on September 25, 2025, hours after public discussions of potential reinstatements for other figures, with the platform excluding hate speech-related bans from its review process. The America First podcast, central to Groyper online organizing, was removed from Spotify in 2020 for repeated violations of the platform's hate conduct policy, with the company confirming the action in statements to media outlets. Spotify reiterated the ban in October 2025 amid renewed uploads, emphasizing prior enforcement. Fuentes has also been excluded from payment processors such as PayPal and financial services, limiting monetization of Groyper-related content, as reported in coverage of broader deplatforming efforts against far-right figures. These restrictions have forced reliance on alternative platforms like Cozy.tv for live-streaming and community coordination. Groyper-affiliated accounts have encountered targeted censorship on various sites. In December 2021, the conservative-leaning social network GETTR banned the term "groyper" site-wide after removing Fuentes' account, prompting backlash from users who viewed it as suppression of dissident speech. On Instagram, reports from 2023 identified dozens of active Groyper-linked profiles disseminating memes with controversial themes, though the platform has periodically suspended such accounts under its community guidelines without disclosing exact numbers or dates. X (formerly Twitter) has banned multiple Groyper-associated handles, attributing actions to violations including coordinated harassment and promotion of banned ideologies, as detailed in platform enforcement logs and user reports. This pattern of removals has fragmented Groyper online presence, hindering recruitment and meme dissemination tactics integral to their activities.

Impact and Reception

Influence on Conservative Discourse

The Groypers have influenced conservative discourse through targeted disruptions known as the Groyper Wars, which commenced in October 2019 at Turning Point USA (TPUSA) events. During these incidents, Groyper activists posed pointed questions to speakers like Charlie Kirk, Donald Trump Jr., and Ben Shapiro, interrogating U.S. financial support for Israel via organizations such as AIPAC, unchecked mass immigration from non-Western countries, and the perceived tolerance of homosexuality and demographic decline within conservative institutions. These interventions exposed inconsistencies between professed America First principles and establishment conservative practices, compelling public responses and amplifying taboo topics in online and campus settings. This strategy yielded measurable shifts in rhetoric among MAGA-aligned influencers and politicians, particularly on immigration. By mid-2025, prominent voices previously dismissive of Groypers echoed demands for halting "third world immigration," a stance Nick Fuentes claimed as evidence that "the Groypers have won" after years of advocacy. The persistent online trolling and meme campaigns further eroded taboos around isolationism, Christian cultural primacy, and skepticism of foreign lobbies, influencing younger conservatives to prioritize ethnic and national preservation over civic nationalism or globalist interventions. By 2024, Groyper influence manifested in reduced marginalization within GOP networks, as evidenced by Republican officials and Trump allies attending Fuentes' America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) alongside TPUSA participants, and muted backlash to Fuentes' 2022 Mar-a-Lago dinner with Donald Trump. Such integrations pressured mainstream conservatives to accommodate dissident critiques, fostering a more fractious yet hardened discourse that challenges neoconservative dominance and emphasizes domestic sovereignty.

Criticisms from Establishment Conservatives

Establishment conservatives, including figures like Charlie Kirk of Turning Point USA (TPUSA), have criticized Groypers for their disruptive tactics during the 2019 "Groyper Wars," a series of interruptions at TPUSA's Student Action Summit and similar events where attendees challenged speakers on U.S. foreign policy toward Israel, immigration enforcement, and perceived deviations from Donald Trump's 2016 platform. Kirk described the Groypers as extremists intent on derailing conservative outreach to young audiences, emphasizing that their questions often veered into accusations of insufficient nationalism or donor influence rather than constructive debate. Ben Shapiro, a frequent target of Groyper questioning at events sponsored by groups like Young America's Foundation, has denounced associations with Nick Fuentes and his followers, refuting claims that Fuentes represents legitimate conservatism and highlighting instances where Groyper supporters defended antisemitic rhetoric during public confrontations. Shapiro's responses underscored the view that such tactics alienate broader audiences and inject fringe ideologies incompatible with principled conservatism. Establishment outlets like National Review have echoed this, arguing that Fuentes' promotion of antisemitism and white nationalist-adjacent views places him beyond the pale of acceptable discourse, questioning why any conservative would extend him legitimacy. Critics within this sphere, including National Review contributors, have further contended that the Groypers' America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) lacks a substantive conservative constituency, serving instead as a platform to fracture the right by labeling mainstream organizations as "Conservative Inc." beholden to neoconservative or pro-Israel interests. This perspective frames the Groypers not as reformers but as provocateurs whose online and offline campaigns prioritize ideological purity tests over electoral viability, potentially harming Republican unity.

Defenses and Self-Perception as True Patriots

Groypers and their leader Nick Fuentes defend their positions by framing criticisms of white nationalism and antisemitism as attempts by establishment conservatives and media outlets to suppress authentic American nationalism. They argue that their advocacy for strict immigration controls, opposition to foreign aid prioritizing Israel over U.S. interests, and emphasis on traditional Christian values align with a principled "America First" agenda rather than ethnic supremacy. For instance, during the 2019 "Groyper Wars," activists disrupted Turning Point USA events to challenge speakers like Charlie Kirk on issues such as mass immigration and perceived neoconservative influences, claiming these questions exposed compromises that betray patriotic priorities. Fuentes has repeatedly positioned the Groyper movement as the vanguard of "true conservatives" seeking to reclaim the Republican Party from "Conservative Inc.," which they accuse of diluting nationalism through moderation on demographics and globalism. In statements, he describes the effort as building a "real America First" coalition focused on ending endless wars, protecting borders, and restoring cultural homogeneity, rejecting labels of extremism as smears designed to maintain elite control. Supporters echo this by portraying their online trolling and rallies as necessary confrontations to awaken the right to threats like demographic replacement and institutional capture. In self-perception, Groypers view themselves as modern patriots defending the historic European-descended identity of the United States against erosion by multiculturalism and elite betrayal, drawing on founding principles of sovereignty and self-preservation. They contrast their uncompromising stance with mainstream figures, whom they label as insufficiently vigilant, and celebrate events like the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) as platforms for genuine nationalist renewal. This outlook frames their activism as a moral imperative to salvage the nation, with Fuentes asserting the movement's inevitability in advancing unadulterated conservatism.

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