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Interstate 805

![Interstate 805 marker](./assets/I-805_CA Interstate 805 (I-805), officially designated the Jacob Dekema Freeway, is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway spanning 28 miles in , functioning as a key bypass for Interstate 5. It originates at a junction with I-5 in San Ysidro near the –Mexico border and extends northward through Chula Vista, National City, and central neighborhoods including North Park and Clairemont, before terminating at another interchange with I-5 in the Sorrento Valley area north of . The route intersects several state highways, such as SR 54, SR 94, and SR 163, facilitating access to urban centers, industrial zones, and the vicinity, while carrying heavy commuter traffic that has made it one of the region's busiest freeways. for I-805 commenced in 1956 as part of broader freeway development in , with official designation in 1959 and construction phases from the late culminating in full completion by 1975. In 1982, the freeway was renamed in honor of Jacob Dekema, a longtime California Division of Highways engineer who oversaw much of the state's early Interstate . Ongoing expansions, including managed lanes and connector improvements, address persistent and safety concerns on this vital corridor.

Route Description

Overview and Path

Interstate 805 (I-805) is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway in , functioning as an eastern bypass of (I-5) through the central portion of the Greater area. The freeway spans 28.02 miles from its southern terminus at a with I-5 in San Ysidro, adjacent to the , to its northern terminus at a turbine interchange with I-5 in the Sorrento Valley community of . From San Ysidro, I-805 proceeds northward, initially paralleling I-5 eastward before diverging into urban zones of Chula Vista and National City. It then enters the city of proper, traversing densely developed neighborhoods including , Valencia Park, and Mid-City East, while intersecting east–west corridors such as State Route 54 near the southern extent and farther north. The route continues through semi-rural and suburban landscapes in areas like Tierrasanta and Clairemont, crossing varied terrain that includes valleys and low hills characteristic of the region's inland geography. As a bypass, I-805 offers an inland alternative to the coastal-aligned I-5, facilitating north–south travel while avoiding heavier port and beachfront congestion, and it connects to additional radials like State Route 52 in the Mission Valley vicinity before merging back with I-5 amid growing suburban development in northern . The highway maintains a predominantly straight north–south alignment, with alignments adjusted to navigate urban expansion and natural contours without significant elevation changes beyond typical freeway grading.

Major Interchanges and Features

Interstate 805's southern terminus features a major interchange with in the San Ysidro area of , facilitating the divergence of inland traffic from the coastal corridor near the border. This junction supports heavy freight and commuter flows by branching northward as an alternative route. Key intermediate interchanges include the connection with State Route 54 near Bonita, providing east-west access to National City and Chula Vista, and the junction with State Route 125, a extending toward the Otay Mesa border crossing. The most prominent is the symmetrical with in Mission Valley, known as the Jack Schrade Interchange, which includes the elevated Mission Valley Viaduct carrying I-805 over I-8, the , and surrounding terrain. Named for former Jack Schrade, this structure exemplifies complex freeway connectivity in urban . At the northern end, I-805 rejoins I-5 in Sorrento Valley via another significant interchange, merging high-volume traffic back into the primary north-south artery. Throughout its length, the freeway maintains 8 to 10 lanes to accommodate substantial daily volumes, including trucks serving border commerce. Notable features include the River Bridge between Bonita and National City, which underwent safety enhancements and sound wall installation as part of corridor improvements to address seismic and structural concerns. By paralleling I-5 inland, I-805 alleviates on the coastal route, particularly for cross-border avoiding coastal bottlenecks.

History

Planning and Designation

Planning for Interstate 805 originated in 1956 amid post-World War II population growth and increasing vehicular traffic in the San Diego region, which strained existing roadways like U.S. Route 101 (later Interstate 5). The proposed route aimed to provide a parallel north-south corridor through central San Diego County, bypassing congested urban sections of I-5 to facilitate commerce, military logistics, and commuter travel in an area experiencing rapid suburban expansion. This planning aligned with the broader Interstate Highway System authorized by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which allocated 90% federal funding for qualifying routes meeting design standards for interregional travel. The route received federal designation as an Interstate auxiliary in 1958, reflecting its role as a and to I-5 while connecting key southern entry points near the U.S.- border to northern suburbs. California's Division of Highways, the predecessor to , coordinated with the federal Bureau of Public Roads to refine alignment studies, incorporating topographic surveys and traffic projections that justified the freeway's 11-mile length from San Ysidro to Sorrento Valley. Funding approvals followed federal criteria emphasizing high-volume corridors, with initial commitments secured in the late 1950s to prioritize construction amid national Interstate goals. At the state level, the Legislature formally established Route 805 in via Chapter 385 of the Statutes, defining its path from the international border area northward to integrate with I-5, ahead of the 1964 statewide highway renumbering that solidified its Interstate status. This designation underscored the route's necessity for decongesting I-5's bottlenecks, particularly in industrial and residential zones of National City, Chula Vista, and proper, where daily traffic volumes were projected to double by the 1970s due to and naval base activities. Caltrans-led environmental and engineering reviews in the early confirmed the bypass's viability, paving the way for subsequent phases without altering the core alignment established in federal-state agreements.

Construction Phases

Construction of Interstate 805 began in 1966 with a 3.6-mile segment from 0.2 miles north of Home Avenue northward to its with near Sorrento Valley, establishing the initial northern portion of the route amid San Diego's expanding suburban development. This phase involved earthwork, bridge construction, and paving to create an eight-lane divided freeway capable of handling projected regional traffic growth, requiring coordination with local patterns to integrate the alignment through residential and zones. A formal ceremony occurred on , 1967, at El Cajon Boulevard and , signaling the expansion of efforts southward from the initial segment. proceeded in sequential phases, prioritizing northern extensions before southern segments to facilitate incremental traffic relief and minimize prolonged disruptions in densely populated areas like Clairemont and Serra Mesa. By March 1972, a seven-mile section of the eight-lane freeway had been completed and dedicated, connecting key mid-route interchanges and easing congestion on parallel arterials. Later phases addressed the southern alignment toward San Ysidro, incorporating elevated structures over rail lines and urban corridors to overcome topographic and right-of-way constraints. The full 11-mile route was completed in 1975, marking the end of segmented builds that spanned nearly a decade and aligned with federal Interstate funding deadlines.

Opening and Initial Operations

The central seven-mile segment of Interstate 805 opened to vehicular traffic on March 20, 1972, marked by a formal dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony that highlighted its role as an eight-lane inland to alleviate on Interstate 5. This initial expanse traversed key areas including Mission Valley, connecting northern and southern corridors while integrating with existing interchanges such as those near El Cajon Boulevard and Interstate 8. The opening preceded full route completion in 1975, but immediately supported regional mobility by diverting traffic from urban centers amid San Diego's expanding suburban development. Prior to the public debut, highway officials hosted a Community Cycle Day on March 19, 1972, inviting bicyclists to traverse the fresh pavement over seven miles, an event that generated local enthusiasm and demonstrated the infrastructure's readiness without reported construction defects or delays. Early operations reflected standard freeway protocols of the era, with no documented immediate adjustments beyond routine signage and ramp activations to ensure seamless merging into the broader network linking Sorrento Valley southward. The segment's initial capacity, designed for high-volume flow, catered to San Diego's post-1960s population surge—reaching approximately 1.1 million residents by 1972—by providing efficient north-south linkage for commuters and freight, though specific inaugural traffic counts remain unarchived in available records. In 1982, the full Interstate 805 was officially designated the Jacob Dekema Freeway, honoring the District 11 engineer who directed its planning and construction phases.

Expansions and Major Projects

In the late and early , the I-5/I-805/SR-56 reconstruction project widened existing sections of I-5 and I-805 by two lanes in each direction northbound and southbound, while constructing new freeway bypasses approximately one mile south of the I-5/I-805 interchange to SR-56. This effort enhanced capacity in the Sorrento Valley area to accommodate growing regional traffic demands. A 2007 Environmental Impact Statement evaluated proposals for managed lanes on I-805 South, including construction of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, direct access ramps, in-line transit stations, and auxiliary lanes between Palomar Street and SR-15 to improve throughput and transit integration. Building on this, the I-805 South Managed Lanes Conversion Project in the 2010s shifted 8.5 miles of existing HOV lanes to high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes from Palomar Street to SR-94, enabling dynamic tolling for single-occupant vehicles to optimize flow and fund operations. Similarly, safety upgrades to the Sweetwater River Bridge, completed in 2021, widened shoulders and lanes while adding upgraded signage and barriers between Bonita Road and SR-54. Recent initiatives include the I-805 Middle Pavement Rehabilitation and Asset Management Project, which began in November 2024 and targets nine miles from SR-15 to north of SR-52 with $107 million in funding for grinding, lane replacement, drainage upgrades, and traffic management enhancements, set for completion by fall 2026. The I-805 South Pavement Rehabilitation project, slated to start in November 2025, will address 14.5 miles from the international border to SR-15 at a cost of $222.5 million, focusing on full-depth pavement replacement and infrastructure modernization through spring 2030. Additionally, the I-805 Governor Drive Auxiliary Lane and Bridge Improvement Project, ongoing since February 2024, adds lanes and upgrades structures for better peak-period operations, with completion expected in summer 2025.

Design and Infrastructure

Engineering Specifications

Interstate 805 is engineered as a divided freeway with concrete (PCC) pavement, constructed to standards for accommodating high-speed, high-volume traffic flows. The roadway primarily features six general-purpose lanes—three in each direction—with shoulders and auxiliary lanes added at interchanges for improved merging and safety. Design speeds align with (Caltrans) guidelines for urban interstates, supporting posted limits up to 65-70 mph where geometry permits, emphasizing horizontal and vertical alignments that minimize curvature and grades for structural efficiency and vehicle stability. Bridges and overcrossings along I-805 incorporate designs, such as continuous box beam structures, to span waterways and valleys while addressing seismic hazards prevalent in . The southbound span over the Sweetwater River, a flood-prone area, utilizes continuous box beam elevated to mitigate inundation risks during high-flow events, with recent widenings increasing and shoulder widths for enhanced load-bearing capacity. Seismic engineering follows criteria, including ductile detailing and isolation bearings in retrofitted and new structures to absorb forces, ensuring post-event functionality without collapse. Interchange designs, such as the high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) direct ramps and flyovers, employ segments and steel girders where needed, optimized for traffic weaving reduction and structural redundancy. Post-2010 infrastructure upgrades include the addition of HOV lanes in the median, converted to high-occupancy toll () express lanes with variable pricing systems. These lanes feature dedicated pavement sections separated by concrete barriers, equipped with electronic toll gantries using overhead sensors and transponders for dynamic toll collection based on real-time congestion levels. Widening projects incorporated high-strength concrete mixes and reinforcements for embankments, maintaining pavement integrity under increased axle loads from tolled operations.

Architectural and Artistic Elements

Interstate 805, designated as the Jacob Dekema Freeway, incorporates commemorative elements honoring its namesake, a key figure in California's highway development as former district engineer for District 11. A plaque dedicated to Dekema was installed along the freeway at the Governor Drive overpass, recognizing his 42 years of service in advancing the state's infrastructure. This plaque, erected in the early 1980s following the 1981 naming, serves as a fixed artistic integrated into the roadside environment, visible to northbound traffic near the Park & Ride lot. Architectural design in key interchanges emphasizes elevated structures and symmetrical layouts to enhance visibility while minimizing visual intrusion on surrounding urban and valley landscapes. The Jack Schrade Interchange with features a four-level configuration, including the towering Mission Valley Viaduct constructed in 1972, which employs spans to provide unobstructed passage over the and rail lines, balancing structural elevation with aesthetic proportionality. Recent corridor enhancements, such as the I-805 South Pavement Rehabilitation project completed in phases through 2023, incorporate compatible architectural details on retaining walls and sound barriers aligned with established South I-805 aesthetic themes, including textured finishes to reduce monotony and integrate with local surroundings. These elements prioritize functional form that softens the freeway's presence amid residential and natural areas, though specific installations remain limited compared to other regional highways.

Operations and Traffic

Traffic Volume and Congestion

Interstate 805 experiences high traffic volumes, with average daily traffic (ADT) ranging from 160,000 to 261,000 vehicles across its length, reflecting its role as a primary north-south corridor connecting communities to central and northern . This volume positions I-805 among the region's most heavily utilized freeways, driven by commuter flows from residential areas in Chula Vista and National City toward employment centers in Sorrento Valley and beyond. The highway's proximity to the U.S.- indirectly contributes to these patterns, as cross-border economic activity in the amplifies morning northward demand. Congestion on I-805 is predominantly directional, with northbound backups peaking during morning rush hours (typically 6:00-9:00 a.m.) due to inbound commuters, often extending from the southern terminus near Palm Avenue to interchanges like State Route 54 and . Southbound flows face delays in the afternoon and early evening, though less severe than northbound peaks, as return trips disperse more evenly; daily congestion durations average 2-4 hours. Bottlenecks frequently occur at merges with and near the junction, where volumes concentrate without adequate capacity relief. To mitigate these issues, segments of I-805 feature managed express lanes, including high-occupancy toll (HOT) facilities that employ to maintain minimum speeds and prevent spillover delays into general-purpose lanes. These market-based mechanisms incentivize carpooling and off-peak travel, reducing overall backups by optimizing throughput during peaks; for instance, conversion projects funded in 2025 aim to expand such lanes southward, enhancing flow reliability. Empirical observations from similar implementations indicate that priced lanes preserve for high-value trips while easing adjacent through demand shifting.

Safety and Incident Data

Caltrans data from the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) indicate that fatal crashes on Interstate 805 predominantly occur in dense urban segments and at interchanges, such as the junction with Interstate 163 and State Route 52. These incidents often involve multiple vehicles, reflecting the challenges of merging and weaving in high-volume areas. The fatal crash rate for I-805 stands at 0.005 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, which is lower than comparable County routes like State Route 54 (0.010) and State Route 125 (0.009). Overall crash rates, as reported in annual summaries, align with urban freeway averages, with interchanges identified as elevated-risk zones due to acceleration and deceleration maneuvers. Property damage-only and injury crashes constitute the majority, but per-mile metrics underscore the route's relative safety when adjusted for exposure. Safety enhancements through infrastructure projects have targeted these vulnerabilities. The I-805 South Bridge Safety and Sound Walls Project added auxiliary lanes northbound from East Naples Street to Telegraph Canyon Road, extending merge distances to decrease rear-end collisions. Similarly, the conversion to managed lanes includes pavement rehabilitation and drainage upgrades, projected to improve operational safety by smoothing traffic flow and reducing conflict points. Post-implementation evaluations of analogous lane additions on freeways demonstrate reductions in rear-end incidents by up to 20-30%, validating the causal role of expanded capacity in hazard mitigation. The engineered features of I-805, including grade-separated interchanges and barriers, empirically lower collision severity compared to at-grade arterials, as evidenced by comparative rate groups showing freeways with fewer severe outcomes per million vehicle miles despite higher absolute volumes. Ongoing monitoring via SWITRS confirms that these design elements, combined with interventions, sustain below-average risk profiles for urban bypass routes.

Impact and Significance

Economic Benefits and Connectivity

Interstate 805 functions as a key bypass route parallel to , enabling more direct north-south travel through County and avoiding congestion in the downtown area. This connectivity links southern communities near the U.S.-Mexico border, including San Ysidro, to northern employment hubs and the broader regional network, supporting daily commutes and freight distribution. The corridor enhances economic activity by facilitating the movement of along a primary transportation artery, particularly vital for San Diego's logistics sector tied to cross-border trade. As part of the to multimodal network, I-805 aids in transforming regional goods movement, reducing bottlenecks for trucks accessing industrial areas and distribution centers. Its role bolsters the Port of San Diego's operations, which generated $13.8 billion in economic impact and sustained 71,000 jobs in fiscal year 2023 through maritime commerce. Managed lanes projects on I-805, including high-occupancy (HOT) lanes funded by a $39.6 million grant in 2025, introduce dynamic to increase throughput and reliability without relying on tax-funded physical expansions. These lanes prioritize high-occupancy vehicles while allowing solo drivers to pay , mirroring successful models on nearby corridors like I-15 that have improved travel reliability for users. By optimizing vehicle flow, such implementations directly contribute to efficiency, minimizing delays that could otherwise hinder just-in-time supply chains and regional productivity.

Environmental and Social Effects

The construction of Interstate 805 during the 1960s and 1970s displaced a significant portion of San Ysidro's population, with reports indicating that one in six residents faced relocation due to land acquisition and demolition for the freeway alignment. Expansions intersecting with further divided the San Ysidro community, demolishing hundreds of homes and severing neighborhood connections in this border-adjacent area predominantly inhabited by families at the time. Similar disruptions affected other neighborhoods, including historically Black and enclaves, where freeway routing led to fragmentation of social fabrics and loss of local amenities without contemporaneous mitigation for pedestrian access or community cohesion. Operationally, I-805's traffic volume contributes to localized , with proximity to the freeway linked to elevated and levels that correlate with higher incidences of respiratory and cardiovascular health issues in adjacent residential zones. Vehicle emissions along the corridor, particularly from heavy freight use in the , exacerbate formation, though regional monitoring shows per-capita reductions in tailpipe pollutants since the 1990s due to cleaner vehicle standards and gains. Infrastructure upgrades, such as auxiliary added via the Governor Drive project completed in phases through , demonstrably lower net emissions by reducing stop-and-go idling compared to diversion onto more congested alternatives like I-5, with modeling indicating decreased delay-related fuel consumption. Mitigation measures in recent rehabilitation efforts, including the I-805 South Pavement Rehabilitation project spanning to National City, incorporate drainage culverts and permeable surfaces to minimize runoff into nearby waterways and habitats. barriers and vegetated buffers have been integrated into upgrades along northern segments, attenuating acoustic impacts on surrounding urban areas while preserving remnants through targeted restoration. Socially, while initial exacerbated isolation in underserved locales by prioritizing vehicular throughput over local linkages, the corridor's completion facilitated broader regional access for low-income commuters to northern job centers, offsetting some prior inequities through reduced travel barriers absent equivalent rail options. Ongoing state initiatives, such as ' Reconnecting Communities pilot, fund caps or retrofits at I-805 interchanges to restore and bike in divided neighborhoods like National City, addressing lingering disparate access without evidence of unmitigated long-term economic exclusion when accounting for usage patterns across demographics.

Criticisms and Debates

The proposed expansions of Interstate 805 in the , including managed lanes, prompted preparation of an to evaluate potential effects on urban development patterns and emissions, amid public concerns that added capacity could encourage peripheral growth and vehicle dependency. Opponents, including local advocacy groups, contended that such projects inadequately addressed leading to sustained congestion and localized air quality degradation, challenging the adequacy of measures in the environmental review process. Supporters, including transportation officials, emphasized that converting existing lanes minimized new land use impacts compared to full widenings, aligning with regional mobility needs driven by population increases from 1.3 million in San Diego County in 2000 to over 3.3 million by 2020. Construction of I-805 during the 1960s and 1970s involved eminent domain acquisitions that bisected established neighborhoods in areas like Southeastern San Diego and Encanto, altering community fabrics and prompting displacement complaints similar to those in contemporaneous national highway revolts. Critics at the time highlighted disproportionate effects on lower-income and minority residents, with the route's path through diverse urban zones raising equity issues in land valuation and relocation support. Defenders pointed to the highway's role in establishing a vital north-south bypass, enabling freight and commuter access that underpinned subsequent economic expansion, including job growth in South Bay industries exceeding 100,000 positions by the 1980s. Debates surrounding the conversion of high-occupancy vehicle lanes to high-occupancy toll lanes on I-805, funded in 2025, center on , with detractors labeling as inherently regressive by pricing out solo drivers from modest backgrounds amid median household incomes around $70,000 in corridor-adjacent communities. Proponents rebut that the voluntary system incentivizes ridesharing—exempt from tolls—and channels proceeds toward infrastructure preservation and transit enhancements, fostering broader throughput gains without mandatory tax hikes. Environmental advocates have endorsed the I-805 approach specifically for avoiding pavement expansion, contrasting it with broader widening initiatives they oppose for amplifying emissions.

Exit List

Northbound Exits

Interstate 805 northbound features 28 numbered exits from its southern terminus at in San Ysidro to its northern terminus at in Sorrento Valley, with exit numbers corresponding approximately to state mileposts as per California's uniform exit numbering system. These exits provide access to local streets, state routes, and connecting interstates serving the communities of San Ysidro, Chula Vista, National City, , and .
ExitDestinationsNotes
1ASan Ysidro Boulevard eastAccess to San Ysidro community and historic alignment.
1BSan Ysidro Boulevard west, Dairy Mart Road, CA 905 westServes San Ysidro and Otay Mesa areas; with CA 905.
2Palm Avenue access in San Ysidro.
3Main Street, Auto Park DriveServes Chula Vista commercial districts.
4Olympic Parkway, East Orange Avenue to Chula Vista residential and business areas.
5H StreetConnects to ; also serves as link to County Route S17.
647th Street access in .
724th StreetIndustrial and residential in .
8SR 54 east – Point Loma, El CajonDiamond interchange providing bypass to .
9Sweetwater RoadServes and communities.
11Market Street to San Diego's Logan Heights neighborhood.
12ALogan AvenueEastern San Diego .
12BImperial AvenueConnects to local businesses and residential areas.
13A43rd Street street .
13BSR 15 south – Signed as to SR 15 south; no northbound from this .
14University Avenue, SR 15 northServes Heights and North Park; SR 15 north to I-8.
15El Cajon Boulevard to Mid- San Diego.
166th Avenue near Adams Avenue.
17AI-8 east – El Cajon, Beaches; I-8 6A.
17BI-8 west – Beaches, I-8 6B; milepost approximately 17.5.
18Murray Ridge Road, Phyllis PlaceMilepost 17.65; serves Serra Mesa area.
20AKearny Villa Road, Mesa College Drive to Mesa and Kearny Mesa; milepost 18.89.
20BSR 163 south – Cabrillo Freeway connection.
21Balboa AvenueServes Clairemont neighborhood.
22Clairemont Mesa BoulevardMajor east-west arterial in Clairemont.
23Genesee Avenue to University and UTC area.
25SR 52 east – La Jolla, Scripps RanchConnection to I-5 via SR 52.
27Mira Mesa Boulevard, Sorrento Valley RoadServes Mira Mesa and Sorrento Valley tech corridor.
28Carmel Country Road near northern terminus.
29I-5 north – Del Mar, OceansideNorthern terminus wye interchange at milepost 25.48.
Ramp configurations primarily consist of and partial cloverleaf interchanges, with full cloverleaves at major s like I-8 and SR 52 to facilitate high-volume .

Southbound Exits

Southbound Interstate 805 travels approximately 28 miles from its northern with in Sorrento Valley to its southern terminus at near San Ysidro, serving San Diego's northern and central neighborhoods including Mira Mesa, Clairemont, and National City. Exits are encountered in descending numerical order from the north, with numbering and mileposts standardized by the based on distance from the southern end. The following table lists southbound exits sequentially, including mileposts and destinations:
miExitDestinationsNotes
28.7328Mira Mesa Boulevard / Sorrento Valley Road
27.1527AMira Mesa Boulevard / Vista Sorrento Parkway
27.0727BSorrento Valley Road
25.9425BMiramar Road / Village Drive
25.7925ANobel DrivePartial installation; proposed numbering correction
24.4424Governor Drive
23.6523SR 52
22.5622Clairemont Mesa Boulevard
21.6521Balboa Avenue
20.6020BSR 163 / Escondido
20.2320AKearny Villa Road / Mesa College Drive
18.8918Murray Ridge Road / Phyllis Place
17.6517BI-8 / Beaches / El Centro
16.9917AAdams Avenue /
16.4316El Cajon Boulevard
15.9515University Avenue
14.6414SR 15 North / 40th Street
13.9513BHome Avenue
13.5113ASR 94 East / MLK Jr Freeway
12.9512BMarket Street
12.3412AImperial Avenue
11.3111B47th Street
11.1611APalm Avenue
10.2810Plaza Boulevard
9.059Sweetwater Road
8.858SR 54
7.767CBonita Road / E Street
7.167BH Street West
7.167AH Street East
6.066Telegraph Canyon Road / L Street
5.065E Palomar StreetLeft exit
4.424E Orange Avenue / Olympic Parkway
3.653 / Auto Park Drive
2.902Palm Avenue
1.811CSR 905
0.651BSan Ysidro Boulevard
0.151ACamino de la Plaza
No direction-specific truck restrictions apply uniquely to southbound I-805 beyond general guidelines for the corridor.

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