Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

July 11

July 11 is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the , with 173 days remaining until the end of the year. The date is associated with several consequential events in American and global history, including the birth of , who would become the sixth , in 1767; the mortal wounding of by during a pistol duel in , in 1804; the uncontrolled re-entry of NASA's space station into Earth's atmosphere in 1979, with debris scattering over the and parts of ; and the capture of the United Nations-designated safe area of by Bosnian Serb forces in 1995, which preceded the execution of over 8,000 Bosniak men and boys.

Events

Pre-1600

In 472, Western Roman Emperor was captured and executed in in by forces loyal to the Germanic , following a three-month siege of the city. , installed by Eastern Emperor Leo I in 467 to counter barbarian incursions, had initially stabilized the empire through alliances and campaigns but alienated through conflicts over succession and policy. His death precipitated the installation of the puppet emperor , accelerating the fragmentation of imperial authority in the West and contributing to the deposition of the last Western emperor in 476. On July 11, 969, Olga, regent of Kievan Rus' and widow of , died in Kiev after a reign marked by ruthless consolidation of power and early Christian conversion efforts. Having avenged Igor's murder by the through mass executions and scorched-earth tactics, Olga centralized control over Slavic tribes and received baptism in around 957, influencing her grandson Vladimir I's later Christianization of Rus'. Her passing shifted power to her son , whose pagan militarism delayed widespread adoption of Christianity until the early , altering the cultural trajectory of . Amalric I, , succumbed to on July 11, 1174, amid ongoing campaigns against Fatimid and internal politics. Ruling since 1163, Amalric had expanded Latin influence through alliances with and aggressive diplomacy but faced mounting threats from Nur ad-Din in . His death elevated his nine-year-old son Baldwin IV, afflicted with , to the throne under regency, exposing succession vulnerabilities that weakened Jerusalem's defenses and facilitated Saladin's rise, culminating in the loss of the kingdom after Hattin in 1187.

1601–1900

Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (1615–1690), a German-born military commander who served under multiple European monarchs, died on July 11, 1690, from wounds sustained at the in Ireland, where his forces under King William III defeated the army led by James II; his tactical expertise contributed to the consolidation of in Ireland, though pre-modern —relying on rudimentary and herbal remedies—failed to save him from . Elisabeth Farnese (1692–1766), of as the second wife of Philip V, exerted significant influence over Spanish policy during her husband's bouts of mental instability, prioritizing the advancement of her sons' claims and pursuing territorial ambitions in ; she died of natural causes on July 11, 1766, at age 73 in , reflecting the era's limited understanding of age-related decline absent modern diagnostics. Her legacy includes paving the way for her son Charles III's , though her interventions often prioritized dynastic interests over fiscal prudence. James Smith (c. 1713–1806), an Irish-born American lawyer, delegate to the Continental Congress, and signer of the Declaration of Independence, died on July 11, 1806, at age approximately 87 in , likely from natural age-related frailty in an era without systematic vital statistics; his advocacy for colonial rights and later judicial roles underscored early American legal foundations, though his limited documentation reflects the decentralized record-keeping of the time. Josef Kajetán Tyl (1808–1856), a Czech playwright, actor, and journalist who penned the lyrics to the Czech national anthem "Kde domov můj?", died on July 11, 1856, at age 48 from an unspecified illness, emblematic of 19th-century medical limitations before germ theory, which often misattributed infections to miasma; his works fueled Czech national revival amid Habsburg suppression, blending folklore with political satire to foster cultural identity. James Henry Lane (1814–1866), a U.S. senator from Kansas and Union general during the Civil War, known for his role in "Bleeding Kansas" border conflicts, died by suicide on July 11, 1866, at age 52 in Leavenworth, Kansas, via gunshot amid political disgrace and probable depression, a common but underreported outcome in the post-war period lacking psychiatric frameworks; his free-state militancy shaped Kansas' admission but alienated moderates, highlighting partisan violence's causal role in personal downfall. Ernst Curtius (1814–1896), a classical archaeologist whose excavations at uncovered artifacts confirming traditions, died on July 11, 1896, at age 81 in , from natural causes consistent with advanced age; his empirical methods, emphasizing stratigraphic analysis over speculative reconstruction, advanced philhellenic scholarship, though funded by Prussian state interests that prioritized national prestige.

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600

In 472, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius was captured and executed in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome by forces loyal to the Germanic magister militum Ricimer, following a three-month siege of the city. Anthemius, installed by Eastern Emperor Leo I in 467 to counter barbarian incursions, had initially stabilized the empire through alliances and campaigns but alienated Ricimer through conflicts over succession and policy. His death precipitated the installation of the puppet emperor Olybrius, accelerating the fragmentation of imperial authority in the West and contributing to the deposition of the last Western emperor in 476. On July 11, 969, Olga, regent of Kievan Rus' and widow of Prince Igor, died in Kiev after a reign marked by ruthless consolidation of power and early Christian conversion efforts. Having avenged Igor's murder by the Drevlians through mass executions and scorched-earth tactics, Olga centralized control over Slavic tribes and received baptism in Constantinople around 957, influencing her grandson Vladimir I's later Christianization of Rus'. Her passing shifted power to her son Sviatoslav I, whose pagan militarism delayed widespread adoption of Christianity until the early 11th century, altering the cultural trajectory of Eastern Europe. Amalric I, , succumbed to on July 11, 1174, amid ongoing campaigns against Fatimid and internal politics. Ruling since 1163, Amalric had expanded Latin influence through alliances with and aggressive diplomacy but faced mounting threats from Nur ad-Din in Syria. His death elevated his nine-year-old son Baldwin IV, afflicted with , to the throne under regency, exposing succession vulnerabilities that weakened Jerusalem's defenses and facilitated Saladin's rise, culminating in the loss of the kingdom after Hattin in 1187.

1601–1900

Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (1615–1690), a German-born military commander who served under multiple European monarchs, died on July 11, 1690, from wounds sustained at the in Ireland, where his forces under King William III defeated the army led by James II; his tactical expertise contributed to the consolidation of in Ireland, though pre-modern —relying on rudimentary and herbal remedies—failed to save him from infection. Elisabeth Farnese (1692–1766), of as the second wife of Philip V, exerted significant influence over Spanish policy during her husband's bouts of mental instability, prioritizing the advancement of her sons' claims and pursuing territorial ambitions in ; she died of natural causes on July 11, 1766, at age 73 in , reflecting the era's limited understanding of age-related decline absent modern diagnostics. Her legacy includes paving the way for her son Charles III's , though her interventions often prioritized dynastic interests over fiscal prudence. James Smith (c. 1713–1806), an Irish-born American lawyer, delegate to the Continental Congress, and signer of the Declaration of Independence, died on July 11, 1806, at age approximately 87 in , likely from natural age-related frailty in an era without systematic vital statistics; his advocacy for colonial rights and later judicial roles underscored early American legal foundations, though his limited documentation reflects the decentralized record-keeping of the time. Josef Kajetán Tyl (1808–1856), a Czech playwright, actor, and journalist who penned the lyrics to the Czech national anthem "Kde domov můj?", died on July 11, 1856, at age 48 from an unspecified illness, emblematic of 19th-century medical limitations before germ theory, which often misattributed infections to miasma; his works fueled Czech national revival amid Habsburg suppression, blending folklore with political satire to foster cultural identity. James Henry Lane (1814–1866), a U.S. senator from Kansas and Union general during the Civil War, known for his role in "Bleeding Kansas" border conflicts, died by suicide on July 11, 1866, at age 52 in Leavenworth, Kansas, via gunshot amid political disgrace and probable depression, a common but underreported outcome in the post-war period lacking psychiatric frameworks; his free-state militancy shaped Kansas' admission but alienated moderates, highlighting partisan violence's causal role in personal downfall. Ernst Curtius (1814–1896), a classical archaeologist whose excavations at uncovered artifacts confirming ancient Greek Olympic traditions, died on July 11, 1896, at age 81 in , from natural causes consistent with advanced age; his empirical methods, emphasizing stratigraphic analysis over speculative reconstruction, advanced philhellenic scholarship, though funded by Prussian state interests that prioritized national prestige.

1901–present

Deaths

Pre-1600

In 472, Western Roman Emperor was captured and executed in in by forces loyal to the Germanic , following a three-month of the city. , installed by Eastern Emperor Leo I in 467 to counter barbarian incursions, had initially stabilized the empire through alliances and campaigns but alienated through conflicts over succession and policy. His death precipitated the installation of the puppet emperor , accelerating the fragmentation of imperial authority in the West and contributing to the deposition of the last Western emperor in 476. On July 11, 969, Olga, regent of Kievan Rus' and widow of , died in Kiev after a reign marked by ruthless consolidation of power and early Christian conversion efforts. Having avenged Igor's murder by the through mass executions and scorched-earth tactics, Olga centralized control over Slavic tribes and received baptism in around 957, influencing her grandson Vladimir I's later Christianization of Rus'. Her passing shifted power to her son , whose pagan militarism delayed widespread adoption of until the early 11th century, altering the cultural trajectory of . Amalric I, , succumbed to on July 11, 1174, amid ongoing campaigns against Fatimid and internal politics. Ruling since 1163, Amalric had expanded Latin influence through alliances with and aggressive diplomacy but faced mounting threats from Nur ad-Din in Syria. His death elevated his nine-year-old son Baldwin IV, afflicted with , to the throne under regency, exposing succession vulnerabilities that weakened Jerusalem's defenses and facilitated Saladin's rise, culminating in the loss of the kingdom after Hattin in 1187.

1601–1900

Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (1615–1690), a German-born military commander who served under multiple European monarchs, died on July 11, 1690, from wounds sustained at the in Ireland, where his forces under King William III defeated the army led by James II; his tactical expertise contributed to the consolidation of in Ireland, though pre-modern —relying on rudimentary and herbal remedies—failed to save him from . Elisabeth Farnese (1692–1766), of as the second wife of Philip V, exerted significant influence over Spanish policy during her husband's bouts of mental instability, prioritizing the advancement of her sons' claims and pursuing territorial ambitions in ; she died of natural causes on July 11, 1766, at age 73 in , reflecting the era's limited understanding of age-related decline absent modern diagnostics. Her legacy includes paving the way for her son Charles III's , though her interventions often prioritized dynastic interests over fiscal prudence. James Smith (c. 1713–1806), an Irish-born American lawyer, delegate to the Continental Congress, and signer of the Declaration of Independence, died on July 11, 1806, at age approximately 87 in , likely from natural age-related frailty in an era without systematic vital statistics; his advocacy for colonial rights and later judicial roles underscored early American legal foundations, though his limited documentation reflects the decentralized record-keeping of the time. Josef Kajetán Tyl (1808–1856), a playwright, , and journalist who penned the lyrics to the Czech national anthem "Kde domov můj?", died on July 11, 1856, at age 48 from an unspecified illness, emblematic of 19th-century medical limitations before germ theory, which often misattributed infections to miasma; his works fueled amid Habsburg suppression, blending with to foster . James Henry Lane (1814–1866), a U.S. senator from and Union general during the , known for his role in "" border conflicts, died by suicide on July 11, 1866, at age 52 in , via gunshot amid political disgrace and probable depression, a common but underreported outcome in the post-war period lacking psychiatric frameworks; his free-state militancy shaped ' admission but alienated moderates, highlighting partisan violence's causal role in personal downfall. Ernst Curtius (1814–1896), a German classical archaeologist whose excavations at Olympia uncovered artifacts confirming ancient Greek Olympic traditions, died on July 11, 1896, at age 81 in Berlin, from natural causes consistent with advanced age; his empirical methods, emphasizing stratigraphic analysis over speculative reconstruction, advanced philhellenic scholarship, though funded by Prussian state interests that prioritized national prestige.

1901–present

Holidays and observances

Religious observances

In the Roman Catholic Church, July 11 is the memorial of Saint Benedict of Nursia, the sixth-century abbot recognized as the patron saint of Europe and founder of Western monasticism. Benedict, born around 480 in Nursia (modern Norcia, Italy), established the monastery at Monte Cassino circa 529 and authored the Rule of Saint Benedict between 516 and 540, a guide for communal monastic life emphasizing stability, obedience, and a balanced rhythm of liturgical prayer (opus Dei), manual labor, and sacred reading (lectio divina). This rule's provisions for scriptoria—dedicated spaces for copying manuscripts—enabled Benedictine communities to systematically preserve classical Latin texts, patristic writings, and biblical commentaries amid the socio-political disruptions following the Western Roman Empire's collapse, with empirical evidence from surviving Carolingian-era codices attributing transmission of authors like Virgil and Boethius to these practices. Observances of Benedict's feast include Masses with readings from his rule, particularly chapters on humility and community, and blessings using the Saint Benedict Medal, which bears symbols from his life such as the raven that diverted poison and the broken cup signifying thwarted attempts on his life. Theologically, the feast underscores the rule's causal foundation in scriptural mandates like Psalm 132:1 ("Behold how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity") and the Pauline call to "pray without ceasing" (1 Thessalonians 5:17), fostering self-sustaining communities that historically supported agricultural innovation and literacy rates higher than surrounding secular populations during the early Middle Ages. Benedictine observance persists in over 20 congregations worldwide, with approximately 7,000 monks and nuns adhering to the rule as of recent counts, maintaining traditions like the full Divine Office recited seven times daily. For Nizari Ismaili Muslims, July 11 marks , commemorating the hereditary Imamat's continuity from through the current , with the date fixed annually since Aga Khan III's accession recognition in 1957. Rituals involve communal prayers (du'a), reflections on the Imam's guidance in ethical and spiritual matters drawn from Quranic principles of knowledge-seeking (e.g., Surah Al-Alaq 96:1-5), and public addresses by the Imam emphasizing and development, observed by an estimated 15 million Ismailis globally through gatherings at jamatkhanas (houses of congregation). This observance reinforces the theological role of the Imam as interpreter of divine revelation for contemporary application, distinct from fixed calendrical feasts in .

National and international observances

is observed annually on July 11, designated by the Governing Council of the in 1989 as an outgrowth of global interest sparked by the Day of Five Billion on July 11, 1987. The observance aims to highlight ' links to , including fertility trends and , amid empirical data showing global fertility rates declining from 4.9 children per woman in the 1950s to 2.3 in 2023, with projections reaching 1.8 by century's end due to demographic transitions in education, urbanization, and economic growth. Critics of the day's underlying Malthusian-inspired concerns over argue that such fears have been empirically falsified, as technological innovations in and have expanded resource abundance far beyond pressures, enabling higher living standards for billions without the predicted famines or collapses. In , July 11 marks the Day of the , a regional commemorating the on July 11, 1302, where militia defeated a larger knightly force near , symbolizing resistance to external domination and bolstering cultural identity within Belgium's federal structure. The battle's legacy underscores efforts to preserve Dutch-speaking traditions and against historical centralizing tendencies from French-influenced authorities, with modern observances including official ceremonies, cultural events, and flags at half-mast for reflection on regional heritage. China National Maritime Day, held on July 11 since its establishment in 2005, promotes awareness of the maritime economy, shipping, and ocean resources, timed to evoke the 600th anniversary of Zheng He's first voyage in 1405 under the . Observances involve nationwide events such as forums, exhibitions, and educational programs in coastal cities, emphasizing 's vast coastline and shipping volume—handling over 30% of global trade tonnage—while aligning with state priorities for maritime power projection amid territorial disputes in the .

Cultural and fun observances

observes July 11 as Free Slurpee Day, offering free small drinks at participating stores to commemorate the company's founding date and birthday. This promotion, which began as an official event in 2002 to mark the chain's 75th anniversary, gained widespread popularity around 2008 and serves as a to boost store traffic and sales of complementary items like snacks and lottery tickets. While the giveaway attracts millions of customers annually—given 's network of over 9,000 U.S. stores—the high-sugar content of , often exceeding daily recommended limits per serving, underscores potential health drawbacks amid rising concerns over processed beverages. All American Pet Photo Day encourages pet owners to capture and share images of their animals on social media, fostering informal appreciation of companionship without commercial mandates. Originating from online pet enthusiast communities, the observance highlights the emotional bonds between humans and pets, with participation amplified by platforms like Instagram and Facebook through hashtags and user-generated content. Empirical data on engagement remains anecdotal, but the day aligns with broader trends in pet ownership, where U.S. households report over 70 million dogs and 74 million cats, driving voluntary sharing that boosts community interaction rather than direct economic activity. National French Fry Day, tied to July 11 in years when it coincides with the second Friday, celebrates the fried potato staple through promotions at fast-food outlets like , which offer deals to capitalize on consumer demand. Though origins are unclear, likely emerging from U.S. food marketing in the late , the dish traces to Belgian frying practices by 1680, predating French claims and popularized in America via soldiers encountering "French" (as in Belgian French-speaking regions) fries. Annual U.S. consumption exceeds 30 pounds per person, fueling industry revenue but linked to health risks including and exposure from high-heat frying, prompting critiques of such observances for normalizing calorie-dense foods. Collector Car Appreciation Day on July 11 (or the second ) promotes awareness of automotive as a cultural , emphasizing craftsmanship and historical vehicles like postwar Chevrolets that reflect manufacturing heritage. Established around 2010 by industry groups such as , it highlights the economic impact of the $100 billion collector car market, including jobs in restoration and events that preserve mechanical skills amid modern electrification trends. Participants often display classics publicly, underscoring causal links between hobbyist preservation and cultural continuity, though environmental concerns arise from fuel-inefficient vintage engines.

References

  1. [1]
    What Day Of The Week Was July 11? - DayOfTheWeek.org
    Jul 11, 2025 · 192nd day of the year 2025 in the Gregorian calendar. There were 173 days remaining until the end of the year. The day of the week was Friday .
  2. [2]
    What Happened on July 11 | HISTORY
    John Quincy Adams is born · British evacuate Savannah, Georgia · Union notches a victory at the Battle of Rich Mountain · Members of the Niagara Movement meet for ...
  3. [3]
    Today in History: July 11, the fall of Srebrenica | AP News
    On July 11, 1995, the U.N.-designated “safe haven” of Srebrenica in Bosnia-Herzegovina fell to Bosnian Serb forces, who subsequently carried out the killings ...
  4. [4]
    45 Years Ago: Skylab Reenters Earth's Atmosphere - NASA
    Jul 11, 2024 · On July 11, 1979, Skylab reentered, with debris landing over the Indian Ocean and Australia. Lessons learned from deorbiting large spacecraft like Skylab and ...
  5. [5]
    Anthemius - Livius.org
    Aug 10, 2020 · 12 April 467: recognized as emperor by the Senate; 11 July 472: murdered by Ricimer. Successor of: Libius Severus. Relatives: father: Procopius ...
  6. [6]
    472: Anthemius, twilight emperor of Rome - Executed Today
    and the last of any conspicuous ability — was beheaded ...
  7. [7]
    Emperor Anthemius - a good diplomate with bad fortune
    Died in March/April AD 472 in Rome. Early Life. Anthemius was born in Galatia and came from a wealthy, distinguished, and highly influential family in the ...
  8. [8]
    Princess Olga of Kiev Also Known as Saint Olga - ThoughtCo
    Jun 9, 2025 · Olga died, probably on July 11, 969. She is considered the first saint of the Russian Orthodox Church. Her relics were lost in the 18th century.
  9. [9]
    Saint of the Day – 11 July – Saint Olga Queen of Kiev (c 890-969)
    Jul 11, 2020 · ... died on 11 July 969 in Kiev, Ukraine of natural causes. Also known as Olga Prekrasa, Olga the Beauty, Helena, Helga, Olha. Patronage - Kiev ...Missing: source | Show results with:source
  10. [10]
    St. Olga of Kiev - Father Lawrence Jagdfeld O.F.M.
    St. Olga, also called Helga or Saint Olga of Kiev, (born c. 890—died 969, Kiev; feast day July 11), princess who was the first recorded female ruler in ...
  11. [11]
    Amalric (I, King of Jerusalem, 1162 - 1174)
    Born, 1136 / ; Died, 11 July 1174 / ...
  12. [12]
    https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095406830
  13. [13]
    Amalric I of Anjou, king of Jerusalem (1136 - 1174) - Genealogy - Geni
    Oct 24, 2024 · Amalric (Latin: Amalricus; French: Amaury; 1136 – 11 July 1174) was King of Jerusalem from 1163, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession.
  14. [14]
    Famous Deaths on July 11 - On This Day
    Famous Deaths on July 11 · William Ernest Henley (1849-1903) · Nathaniel Niles (1886-1932) · George Gershwin (1898-1937) · Aga Khan III (1877-1957) · Owen D. Young ( ...
  15. [15]
    https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/elisabeth-farnese-of-parma-queen-of-spain/
  16. [16]
    George Gershwin's too-short life ended on a blue note | PBS News
    Sep 26, 2018 · The cause of his untimely death was most likely glioblastoma, the same type of brain cancer that killed Senators Edward M. Kennedy in 2009 ...
  17. [17]
    George Gershwin, Composer, Is Dead
    He succumbed five hours after being operated on for removal of a brain tumor. The operation was decided upon when the composer's condition became critical at ...<|separator|>
  18. [18]
    The smell of burning rubber: The fatal illness of George Gershwin
    Mar 8, 2019 · George Gershwin, composer, is dead: Master of jazz succumbs in Hollywood at 38 after operation for brain tumor.
  19. [19]
    From the Archives: Laurence Olivier, Called Greatest Actor of His ...
    Jul 12, 1989 · There was no immediate announcement of the cause of death. “His last few days were very peaceful. He died in his sleep at noon. All the ...
  20. [20]
    ACTOR-DIRECTOR LAURENCE OLIVIER DIES AT 82
    Jul 11, 1989 · He had been in ill health for several years, including bouts with cancer and a kidney ailment. During his six-decade career, Olivier became what ...
  21. [21]
    Satoru Iwata, Nintendo Chief Executive, Dies at 55
    Jul 13, 2015 · He was 55. The cause was a bile duct growth, the company said. A former video game development star, Mr. Iwata was appointed president of ...
  22. [22]
    Nintendo CEO Satoru Iwata dies of cancer aged 55 - The Guardian
    Jul 12, 2015 · Nintendo said Monday that its chief executive Satoru Iwata has died of bile duct cancer at the age of 55, several months after he abandoned the Japanese gaming ...
  23. [23]
    Shelley Duvall, Star of 'The Shining' and 'Nashville,' Dies at 75
    Jul 11, 2024 · She was 75. A family spokesman said the cause was complications of diabetes. Ms. Duvall wasn't planning on a film career when she met Mr. Altman ...
  24. [24]
    Shelley Duvall, star of 'The Shining,' 'Popeye,' dies at 75 - NPR
    Jul 11, 2024 · The cause was complications of diabetes, said her friend, the publicist Gary Springer. “My dear, sweet, wonderful life, partner, and friend left ...
  25. [25]
    'The Shining' star Shelley Duvall died from diabetes complications
    Jul 12, 2024 · Actress Shelley Duvall died on Thursday, at age 75, from complications of diabetes. The disease had Duvall, best known for her roles in The Shining, Popeye, ...
  26. [26]
    St. Benedict - Catholic News Agency
    On July 11, the Catholic Church celebrates the feast of Saint Benedict of Nursia, the sixth-century abbot who gave Christian monasticism its lasting foundation ...
  27. [27]
    The enduring importance of St. Benedict - The Beacon
    Jul 7, 2025 · The monasteries of the Middle Ages, inspired by his rule, are now credited with preserving knowledge that would have otherwise been lost—and ...
  28. [28]
    Imamat Day | The Ismaili
    Jul 16, 2020 · The Imamat Day is therefore observed annually on July 11th. The recognition of the Imam of the Time is central to Ismailis' faith and belief.Missing: date | Show results with:date
  29. [29]
    World Population Day 2020 - UN-Habitat
    Jul 11, 2020 · ... Development Programme in 1989, an outgrowth of the interest generated by the Day of Five Billion, which was observed on 11 July 1987.<|separator|>
  30. [30]
    Fertility Rate - Our World in Data
    Globally, the total fertility rate was 2.3 children per woman in 2023. This is much lower than in the past; in the 1950s, it was more than twice as high: 4.9.The global decline of the... · Population momentum · Why the total fertility rate...<|separator|>
  31. [31]
    [PDF] World Fertility 2024 - UN.org.
    May 6, 2025 · The global fertility rate is projected to continue to decline, reaching the replacement level1 of 2.1 in 2050 and falling further to 1.8 births ...
  32. [32]
    How Malthus Got It Wrong - Hoover Institution
    Jan 11, 2024 · But Malthus did not foresee what actually happened: huge increases in standards of living for a much greater population. Fortunately, we can ...Missing: criticisms overpopulation debunked
  33. [33]
    Why Malthus Is Still Wrong | Scientific American
    May 1, 2016 · “The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or ...Missing: Day abundance
  34. [34]
    Why is the Flemish holiday celebrated on 11 July? | VRT NWS
    Jul 11, 2023 · This day commemorates the Battle of the Golden Spurs on 11 July 1302, when the French army suffered an historic defeat at the hands of a Flemish people's army.
  35. [35]
    Celebration of the Golden Spurs in Belgium in 2026 | Office Holidays
    This holiday is always celebrated on July 11th. It marks a significant victory by the Flemish over the French in a battle in 1302.
  36. [36]
    China Celebrates National Maritime Day - Marine Link
    Jul 11, 2023 · China celebrated its 19th National Maritime Day on July 11, with celebrations taking place in museums and schools along with a range of technical conferences.
  37. [37]
    In pictures: China kicks off 21st National Maritime Day celebration
    Jul 10, 2025 · July 11 marks the 21st China National Maritime Day. From July 10 to 12, the main event for the celebration is being held in Boao, Qionghai ...Missing: geopolitical context
  38. [38]
    7-Eleven Celebrates its 97th Birthday with Annual Slurpee Day
    Jul 11, 2024 · 7-Eleven, Inc. is celebrating its 97 th birthday today, July 11 (7/11), by giving away FREE small Slurpee drinks to customers who visit participating 7-Eleven® ...
  39. [39]
    FREE SLURPEE DAY - July 11, 2026 - National Today
    On July 11, 2002, 7-Eleven celebrated its 75th birthday by giving customers a free Slurpee, marking the first official Free Slurpee Day.
  40. [40]
    https://www.drlogy.com/day/free-slurpee-day
  41. [41]
    ALL AMERICAN PET PHOTO DAY | July 11 - National Day Calendar
    All American Pet Photo Day encourages pet owners to share their favorite pet photos on July 11. Be sure to charge your camera and be prepared to take adorable ...Missing: engagement | Show results with:engagement
  42. [42]
    July 11 is All American Pet Photo Day – Here's Why We Celebrate
    Jul 11, 2025 · Its inception was on social media, following which the day started being observed annually as an important 'love-oriented' day. It is reportedly ...Missing: engagement | Show results with:engagement
  43. [43]
    ALL AMERICAN PET PHOTO DAY - July 11, 2026 - National Today
    All American Pet Photo Day is joyfully celebrated each year on July 11. It is a day solely dedicated to appreciating our lovable pets who make life better ...Missing: engagement | Show results with:engagement
  44. [44]
    Celebrating Our World Famous Fries® on National French Fry Day
    Jul 10, 2025 · Each year, fans across the country savor a salty, crispy tradition: National French Fry Day, on July 11, 2025. At McDonald's, we're proud to ...Missing: origins | Show results with:origins<|separator|>
  45. [45]
    National French Fry Day 2025 | July 11, 2025 - Awareness Days
    History of National French Fry Day​​ The origins of National French Fry Day are a bit murky, but it's believed that the event started in the United States some ...
  46. [46]
    NATIONAL FRENCH FRY DAY - July 10, 2026 - National Today
    But did you know that the origin of French fries is more than likely not French at all? Potatoes were being fried in Belgium way before the French, but more on ...
  47. [47]
    July 11 Marks Annual Collector Car Appreciation Day - Motorious
    Jun 26, 2025 · The holiday aims to spotlight America's deep connection to the automobile—from classic Chevys and Fords that symbolize postwar prosperity, to ...
  48. [48]
    11th Annual Collector Car Appreciation Day to be Celebrated July ...
    Jul 10, 2020 · The date marks the 11th consecutive commemoration in what has become an annual event to raise awareness of the vital role automotive restoration ...
  49. [49]
    COLLECTOR CAR APPRECIATION DAY - July 10, 2026
    Collector Car Appreciation Day on July 10 is celebrated annually to raise awareness regarding the importance of automotive restoration as well as the hobby ...Missing: significance | Show results with:significance