Koki Uchiyama
Kōki Uchiyama (内山 昂輝, Uchiyama Kōki; born August 16, 1990) is a Japanese voice actor and actor from Saitama Prefecture, affiliated with the Himawari Theatre Group.[1][2][3] He is renowned for his versatile voice work in anime, video games, and live-action, often portraying complex protagonists and antagonists with a distinctive youthful timbre.[4][5] Uchiyama began his career as a child actor, joining Himawari Theatre Group in 1993 at the age of three and appearing in various television dramas and stage productions during his youth. His transition to voice acting occurred in adulthood, with his professional debut in the role of Soul "Soul" Evans in the 2008 anime Soul Eater.[5][6] He graduated from Waseda University's School of Culture, Media and Society in 2013, balancing his studies with an emerging career in the industry.[7] Among his most notable roles are Banagher Links in Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn (2010), which marked a breakthrough in mecha anime; Meruem in Hunter × Hunter (2011); Kei Tsukishima in Haikyuu!! (2014); Tomura Shigaraki in My Hero Academia (2016–present); and Akira Fudo in Devilman Crybaby (2018), showcasing his range from heroic leads to villainous figures.[2][4] In video games, he is widely recognized as Roxas and Ventus in the Kingdom Hearts series (2009–present).[2][6] More recent works include Glorio in Dragon Ball DAIMA (2024) and roles in 2025 anime such as My Status as an Assassin Obviously Exceeds the Hero's.[2][5] Uchiyama's contributions have earned him significant acclaim, including the Best Rookie Actor (Supporting Role) award at the 5th Seiyu Awards in 2011 for his performances in Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn and Shiki, and the Best Voice Actor award at the Tokyo Anime Award Festival in 2015.[8][5] His performances continue to influence the seiyuu landscape, with ongoing roles in major franchises highlighting his enduring prominence in Japanese animation and gaming.Early life and education
Childhood and family
Kōki Uchiyama was born on August 16, 1990, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.[4] Public information on Uchiyama's family background remains limited, with no detailed accounts of parental influences or siblings available in reputable sources. His early exposure to the performing arts appears to have occurred through local opportunities in Saitama, leading to his entry into professional training at a young age.[9] In 1993, at the age of three, Uchiyama joined the Himawari Theatre Group, marking the start of his career as a child actor. Through the group, he participated in initial appearances in TV dramas and stage productions during the 1990s, often taking minor roles in Japanese television series that provided foundational experience in live performance.[10]Training and early performances
Uchiyama joined the Himawari Theatre Group in 1993 at the age of three, marking the start of his formal training as a child actor. The agency, a prominent Japanese theatrical company specializing in junior performers, offered structured workshops and classes that emphasized acting fundamentals, including improvisation, script reading, and physical expression, fostering his early development in the performing arts.[11] Through his affiliation with Himawari, which has served as his primary agency since childhood, Uchiyama participated in regular training sessions designed for young talents transitioning between stage, screen, and voice work. These programs helped build his versatility, preparing him for diverse roles while instilling discipline and collaboration skills essential for professional acting.[2][10] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uchiyama gained initial experience through child actor credits in live-action TV dramas and series. Representative performances include portraying the young Ashikaga Ietoki in the NHK taiga drama Hōjō Tokimune (2001) and a supporting boy role in episode 8 of the tokusatsu series Ultraman Cosmos (2001), as well as the young Maeda Hidetsugu in the taiga drama Toshiie to Matsu (2002). These appearances allowed him to apply his training in on-camera acting, honing timing and emotional delivery in narrative-driven productions.[12][10][13] Uchiyama attended Waseda University's School of Culture, Media and Society, graduating in 2013. He balanced his university studies with his burgeoning acting career during this period.[7] As he entered his mid-teens, around ages 15 to 18, Uchiyama shifted focus toward voice acting training within Himawari's programs, leveraging his foundational live-action experience to develop specialized skills in vocal characterization and narration. This period bridged his child roles with emerging opportunities in animation and dubbing, emphasizing breath control, intonation, and character differentiation through workshops tailored for aspiring seiyū.[14]Professional career
Debut and breakthrough roles
Kōki Uchiyama's voice acting career included minor roles starting from 2000, such as in the OVA Animatrix: Beyond, and a notable video game debut in 2005 as Roxas in Kingdom Hearts II. His entry into anime voicing featured a minor supporting role as a young pupil in the supernatural thriller anime series Ghost Hound in 2007. His breakthrough came the following year in 2008, when he landed his first major lead role as the cool-headed demon scythe Soul "Eater" Evans in the action-fantasy series Soul Eater. This performance, noted for its balance of sarcasm, loyalty, and emotional depth, garnered attention and established Uchiyama as a promising talent capable of anchoring ensemble casts.[15][10] By 2010, Uchiyama expanded into original video animations (OVAs) with the protagonist role of Banagher Links, a naive yet determined Newtype pilot, in Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn. This mecha series role highlighted his versatility in dramatic, introspective narratives and contributed to his growing recognition within the franchise-heavy Gundam universe. The early 2010s saw Uchiyama secure lead and prominent roles that solidified his reputation. In 2011, he voiced the central character Ichika Orimura, the world's only male Infinite Stratos pilot, in the sci-fi harem anime Infinite Stratos, where his energetic and relatable delivery suited the high-stakes action and romantic elements. That same year, he portrayed the sadistic antagonist Daryl Yan in Guilty Crown, a dystopian series, showcasing his ability to infuse villains with chilling charisma and psychological nuance. These anime leads demonstrated his range across genres, from heroic protagonists to complex adversaries.[16][17] Parallel to his anime work, Uchiyama made early forays into video games during this debut phase. He debuted in gaming in 2005 voicing the brooding keyblade wielder Roxas in Kingdom Hearts II, a role he reprised in subsequent titles, appealing to international audiences. In 2007, he took on the lead as the apathetic yet evolving protagonist Neku Sakuraba in The World Ends with You, further building his profile in interactive media. These gaming roles, combined with his anime breakthroughs, helped cement Uchiyama's rising status by the mid-2010s.[4]Established career and versatility
Following his early successes, Kōki Uchiyama demonstrated significant career consolidation between 2015 and 2017, taking on roles that expanded his repertoire across genres and character archetypes. In 2016, he voiced the charismatic yet suicidal detective Osamu Dazai in the supernatural action anime Bungo Stray Dogs, a performance that emphasized his capacity for layered portrayals of intellectual anti-heroes in high-stakes shōnen narratives.[4] This role, part of a series blending mystery and combat, contrasted with his earlier slice-of-life work, underscoring Uchiyama's growing versatility in adapting to dynamic ensemble dynamics.[1] Uchiyama's antagonistic range was notably showcased through his ongoing portrayal of Meruem, the powerful Chimera Ant King in Hunter × Hunter (2011–2014 arc, with continued broadcasts and recognition into 2015–2017), where he delivered a chilling evolution from ruthless villain to philosophically conflicted figure in intense shōnen battles.[4] Meanwhile, his voice for the apathetic yet insightful high schooler Hōtarō Oreki in Hyouka (2012, with re-runs and fan discussions persisting through 2015–2017) highlighted his finesse in understated, introspective slice-of-life scenarios, balancing reluctant deduction with quiet empathy.[18] These contrasting assignments— from visceral confrontations in Hunter × Hunter to contemplative everyday mysteries in Hyouka—illustrated his adeptness at shifting between high-energy action and nuanced emotional subtlety. Beyond anime, Uchiyama ventured into video games during this period, voicing the male protagonist (rival option) in Xenoblade Chronicles X (2015), a sprawling RPG requiring expressive narration amid epic sci-fi exploration.[19] He also lent his voice to Erik, the agile thief companion in Dragon Quest XI: Echoes of an Elusive Age (2017), contributing to interactive storytelling in a classic JRPG format that demanded adaptability to player-driven scenarios.[19] In international dubbing, Uchiyama participated in Japanese versions of foreign content, including recurring roles in animated series like Recess (ongoing dubs through the mid-2010s), where he voiced the resourceful leader T.J. Detweiler, adapting his delivery to Western comedic tones. Throughout this phase, Uchiyama maintained stability with his longstanding agency, Himawari Theatre Group, which supported his multifaceted output since his 2003 debut.[20] Collaborative efforts included his 2017 involvement in the virtual idol duo LIP×LIP, voicing Yūjirō Someya and contributing to music releases like "Romeo," blending voice acting with performative songwork in multimedia projects.[14] While specific stage voice work under Himawari was limited in public records for these years, his theater roots informed the vocal precision evident across these endeavors.[21]Recent developments (2018–present)
Since 2018, Kōki Uchiyama has continued to build on his reputation for portraying complex, introspective characters in high-profile anime series, with ongoing roles that highlight his versatility in voicing antagonists and supporting leads. His performance as Tomura Shigaraki in My Hero Academia has been particularly prominent, evolving through major story arcs such as the Paranormal Liberation War and Final War sagas from the third season onward, continuing into the final season in 2025 and contributing to the series' global popularity and multiple award nominations for the production. Similarly, Uchiyama's role as Toge Inumaki in Jujutsu Kaisen, starting with the 2020 television adaptation and continuing into the second season and the prequel film Jujutsu Kaisen 0 (2021), has showcased his ability to convey subtle emotional depth in a sorcerer limited by cursed speech techniques. These roles have solidified his status as a go-to voice actor for intense, youth-oriented narratives in the shōnen genre. In the early 2020s, Uchiyama expanded into sports and fantasy anime with key contributions to long-running franchises. He reprised Kei Tsukishima in the final seasons of Haikyū!! To The Top (2020) and the concluding films Haikyū!! The Dumpster Battle (2024) and the upcoming Haikyū!! FINAL Part 2 (in production as of 2025, release date TBA), where his portrayal of the analytical blocker added layers to the team's dynamics during national tournaments. In fantasy sequels, Uchiyama voiced Lancelot (also known as Sin) in The Seven Deadly Sins: Four Knights of the Apocalypse (2023–present), bringing a brooding intensity to the knight's dual identity in this spin-off series. His 2024 role as Glorio, a mysterious ally in Dragon Ball DAIMA, marked his entry into the iconic Dragon Ball universe, supporting Goku's miniature adventures in the Demon Realm.[22] In 2025, Uchiyama took on new roles including Gen Narumi in Kaiju No. 8 Season 2 and Kaboku Kotani in Wandance, further demonstrating his range in action and coming-of-age stories.[8][1] Uchiyama's recent work also includes multimedia expansions, such as voicing the in-game avatar of Akito Yamada in the live-action film adaptation of My Love Story with Yamada-kun at Lv999 (2025), reprising his anime role from the 2023 series to bridge virtual and real-world elements. Beyond acting, he participated in musical performances as Yūjirō, part of the idol duo LIP×LIP, singing the opening theme "Julietta" for Heroines Run the Show (2022), which integrated his voice work with promotional concerts to enhance the anime's idol theme. These endeavors underscore Uchiyama's sustained influence in the industry, blending voice acting with music and live events to engage fans through diverse platforms up to 2025.Awards and nominations
Seiyu Awards
Kōki Uchiyama won the Best New Actor Award at the 5th Seiyu Awards, held on March 5, 2011, at the Tokyo International Forum.[23] The award recognized his standout performances as Natsuno Yūki in the horror anime Shiki and Banagher Links in the mecha OVA series Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn.[23] These roles, both from 2010 releases, showcased his ability to portray complex, introspective characters early in his voice acting career.[23] The Seiyu Awards, established in 2006 to honor excellence in voice acting, featured public and industry voting for this ceremony, with ballots accepted from October 22, 2010, to January 1, 2011.[23] Uchiyama's victory in the rookie category underscored his rapid ascent and versatility just a few years after joining the Himawari Theatre Group.[23] This accolade provided significant early recognition, helping to elevate his profile and lead to more prominent roles in subsequent anime productions.[23] No further wins or nominations for Uchiyama have been recorded in the Seiyu Awards as of November 2025.[23]Tokyo Anime Awards and others
Uchiyama received the Best Voice Actor award at the 8th Tokyo Anime Award Festival in 2015 for his performance as Peco (Smile) in Ping Pong the Animation, sharing the honor with Daisuke Ono.[24][25] This recognition highlighted his early impact in dramatic roles within sports anime.[26] In 2024, Uchiyama earned nominations at the 10th Anime Trending Awards for Best Voice Acting Performance (Male) for his role as Rei Suwa in Buddy Daddies, placing 10th in the final voting, and for Best in Voice Cast for the same series. These fan-voted accolades underscored his contribution to ensemble dynamics in action-comedy anime.[26] Uchiyama has also garnered consistent fan recognition through Anime Corner's Seiyuu of the Season rankings. In Fall 2024, he ranked 9th in the male category for roles including Rin Itoshi in Blue Lock Season 2.[27] For Spring 2025, he placed 18th with 2.75% of votes, reflecting performances in ongoing series like My Hero Academia.[28] By Summer 2025, he achieved 5th place overall in the male rankings with 4.22% of votes, driven by roles such as Saku Natsusawa in The Fragrant Flower Blooms with Dignity.[29] These seasonal polls demonstrate his sustained popularity among international anime enthusiasts up to late 2025.Notable roles
Iconic anime characters
Kōki Uchiyama has become renowned for his portrayals of complex, often antagonistic anime characters, where his soft-spoken yet versatile vocal delivery captures layers of menace, vulnerability, and growth, contributing significantly to the emotional depth of long-running series.[30] His roles frequently emphasize internal conflict and transformation, influencing how fans perceive villain archetypes in shōnen anime by blending subtle menace with relatable humanity.[31] One of Uchiyama's breakthrough performances is as Tomura Shigaraki, the leader of the League of Villains in My Hero Academia, a role he began voicing in 2016. Initially depicted as a chaotic, quirk-obsessed antagonist driven by hatred toward hero society, Shigaraki's arc evolves across seasons, revealing his tragic backstory as Tenko Shimura through family trauma and manipulation by All For One.[32] Uchiyama's raspy, restrained tone in early seasons conveys Shigaraki's unhinged frustration, escalating to a more commanding presence in later arcs like the Paranormal Liberation War (2021) and the Final War (2024–2025), where the character's empowerment and psychological unraveling highlight themes of inherited destruction.[33] This vocal progression has been praised for amplifying Shigaraki's shift from pawn to primary threat, making him a culturally resonant figure symbolizing societal critique in the series.[31] In Hunter × Hunter (2011), Uchiyama voices Meruem, the Chimera Ant King, portraying a complex villain whose arc spans the Chimera Ant saga from ruthless conqueror to a figure grappling with empathy. Meruem starts as an emotionless predator, born with unparalleled power and a disdain for weakness, but Uchiyama's performance evolves the character's voice from cold detachment to subtle warmth during interactions with Komugi, reflecting philosophical growth on humanity and equality.[30] This vocal nuance underscores Meruem's transformation, turning what could be a one-dimensional tyrant into a poignant exploration of sentience, influencing fan discussions on redemption in anime villains and earning acclaim for Uchiyama's range in dramatic escalation.[31] Other standout roles further demonstrate Uchiyama's influence on the industry and fanbase, such as Kei Tsukishima in Haikyū!!, where his dry, sarcastic delivery suits the character's intellectual detachment and gradual team loyalty, fostering memes and appreciation for "cool" rival dynamics among sports anime enthusiasts.[34] Similarly, as Toge Inumaki in Jujutsu Kaisen, Uchiyama's minimalistic, onigiri-ingredient-based speech pattern adds eerie mystique to the sorcerer's cursed technique, enhancing the series' horror elements and spawning widespread fan imitations that popularized the role's quirky restraint.[4] More recently, Uchiyama voiced Glorio, a key character in Dragon Ball DAIMA (2024), further demonstrating his versatility in high-profile shōnen series.[35] These performances have solidified Uchiyama's reputation for elevating supporting characters into cultural icons, bridging voice acting innovation with broader anime fandom engagement.[30]Video game and dubbing roles
Kōki Uchiyama has made significant contributions to the video game industry through his voice acting, bringing depth to protagonists and complex antagonists in major franchises. His early breakthrough came with the role of Roxas in Kingdom Hearts II (2005), a key character in the series' exploration of identity and light versus darkness, followed by Ventus in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep (2010), showcasing his ability to portray youthful determination and emotional vulnerability.[4] These performances established him as a go-to voice for introspective heroes in Square Enix titles. Uchiyama's portfolio expanded into mobile and action RPGs, including the protagonist Neku Sakuraba in The World Ends with You (2007) and its remake The World Ends with You: Final Remix (2018), where his delivery captured the character's sarcastic wit and growth amid urban survival challenges. In the Trails of Cold Steel series, starting with The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel (2013), he voiced Rean Schwarzer, the stoic yet burdened class VII leader, contributing to the narrative's themes of war and friendship across multiple installments. He also voiced Gladion in Pokémon Masters EX (2019), adding intensity to the rival's conflicted loyalty, and his work in Dragalia Lost (2018) as Prince Euden further highlighted his suitability for noble, adventure-driven leads in gacha-style games.[19][4] In foreign dubbing, Uchiyama has provided Japanese voices for Western actors in live-action films, demonstrating his adaptability to non-Japanese accents and contexts. Notable examples include dubbing Taylor Lautner as Sharkboy in The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl (2005) and Sean Anderson, voiced by Josh Hutcherson, in Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008), where his energetic tone suited the adventurous, family-oriented narratives. He also voiced minor roles in Hollywood blockbusters like Terminator Salvation (2009), enhancing the sci-fi intensity.[31] Uchiyama's involvement in tokusatsu extends his dubbing expertise to Japanese superhero media, particularly as the voice of the villainous Desast in Kamen Rider Saber (2020) and subsequent appearances in Kamen Rider Outsiders (2022), where his menacing yet charismatic portrayal amplified the character's chaotic warrior persona in battles against other Riders.[36] These roles underscore his versatility beyond anime, bridging interactive gaming and dubbed action genres.Filmography
Television anime
Kōki Uchiyama made his debut in television anime with the lead role of Soul Evans in Soul Eater (2008), establishing him as a versatile voice actor capable of portraying cool, sarcastic protagonists. Over the years, he has contributed to numerous high-profile series, often taking on supporting or antagonistic characters in long-running shonen franchises while also voicing leads in slice-of-life and drama titles. His work in ongoing series like Haikyuu!! and My Hero Academia highlights his range in ensemble casts, with roles that emphasize intellectual or brooding personalities. Recent appearances include key characters in 2024–2025 seasons, such as Glorio in Dragon Ball DAIMA and Daiki Kayashima in Hana-Kimi.| Year | Title | Character | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Soul Eater | Soul "Soul" Evans | Lead role; Uchiyama's breakout performance as the weapon-wielding partner to Maka Albarn, spanning the full 51-episode series. |
| 2009–2019 | Fairy Tail | Macbeth (Midnight) | Recurring antagonist in the Oración Seis guild; voiced across multiple arcs and seasons. |
| 2011 | Beyblade: Metal Fusion | Jack | Supporting blader character in the competitive battles. |
| 2011 | Guilty Crown | Daryl Yan | Supporting antagonist; GHQ Endoslave pilot in the resistance conflict.[1] |
| 2011 | Hunter × Hunter | Meruem | Iconic Chimera Ant King; pivotal antagonist whose philosophical depth defined the arc (episodes 76–136). |
| 2011 | Infinite Stratos | Ichika Orimura | Protagonist; the only male student in an academy for mecha pilots, across two seasons. |
| 2012 | Tsuritama | Natsuki Usami | Main character; local Enoshima student with alien connections in the fishing-themed comedy.[37] |
| 2013 | The Devil Is a Part-Timer! | Hanzō Urushihara / Lucifer | Main supporting; the fallen angel roommate adding comic relief across seasons. |
| 2013 | Zetsuen no Tempest | Mahiro Fuwa | Co-lead; driven by revenge in the magical Shakespeare-inspired plot. |
| 2014 | Barakamon | Hiroshi Kido | Young island boy inspiring the calligrapher protagonist. |
| 2014–present | Haikyuu!! | Kei Tsukishima | Major supporting; the analytical middle blocker for Karasuno High, recurring through all seasons including the 2024–2025 finale arcs. |
| 2014 | Nobunaga Concerto | Tsuruchiyo | Young Oda Nobunaga in the historical comedy. |
| 2014 | Ping Pong the Animation | Makoto "Smile" Tsukimoto | Lead; the introspective ping-pong player in Masaaki Yuasa's stylistic sports drama. |
| 2015 | Charlotte | Yuu Otosaka | Protagonist; gains and loses superpowers in Jun Maeda's supernatural tale. |
| 2015 | Death Parade | Clavis | Arbiter in the afterlife judgment episodes. |
| 2016–present | Bungou Stray Dogs | Sakunosuke Oda | Key character in season 2's Dark Age arc; influences the protagonist's development. |
| 2016–present | My Hero Academia | Tomura Shigaraki | Main antagonist; leader of the League of Villains, evolving across all seasons. |
| 2016 | Yuri!!! on Ice | Yuri Plisetsky | Rival skater; the fiery "Russian Fairy" in the figure skating drama. |
| 2018–present | Teasing Master Takagi-san | Hamaguchi | Supporting classmate in the teasing romance series, appearing in multiple seasons. |
| 2018 | Violet Evergarden | Benedict Blue | Auto Memories Doll colleague in the emotional epilogue episodes. |
| 2019 | Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba | Rui | Lower Moon Demon; family-obsessed antagonist in the Natagumo Mountain arc. |
| 2020–present | Jujutsu Kaisen | Toge Inumaki | Cursed Speech user; third-year sorcerer in Tokyo Jujutsu High, recurring in seasons 1–2. |
| 2021 | Horimiya | Izumi Miyamura | Male lead; the hidden bad boy in the high school romance. |
| 2024 | Blue Exorcist: Shimane Illuminati Saga | Lucifer | Antagonistic fallen angel role in the third season. |
| 2024 | Bye Bye, Earth | Adonis The Question | Supporting character in the fantasy adventure series. |
| 2024 | Dragon Ball DAIMA | Glorio | New ally accompanying Goku in the demon realm journey.[38] |
| 2024–2025 | Love Is Indivisible by Twins | Reito Furuma | One of the twin brothers in the romantic comedy. |
| 2025 | Captivated, by You | Joji Ema | Co-lead student in the yaoi romantic comedy adaptation.[39] |
| 2025 | Hana-Kimi | Daiki Kayashima | Eccentric student in the all-boys school comedy remake. |
| 2025 | Disney Twisted-Wonderland: The Animation | Idia Shroud | Housewarden of Ignihyde dorm; reprise from mobile game.[40] |
| 2025 | Wandance | Kaboku Kotani | Lead; stutter-afflicted high schooler in the breakdancing sports drama.[41] |
OVAs, ONAs, and films
Uchiyama Kōki has lent his voice to a variety of original video animations (OVAs), original net animations (ONAs), and theatrical anime films, often portraying complex young male protagonists or antagonists in high-stakes narratives. His performances in these non-televised formats highlight his versatility, from introspective leads in intimate stories to intense villains in action-packed features. These roles span from early breakthroughs in mecha OVAs to recent contributions in blockbuster films and streaming originals up to 2025. The following table lists select notable credits in chronological order, focusing on representative examples of his work in OVAs, ONAs, and films:| Year | Title | Role | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010–2014 | Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn | Banagher Links | OVA[42] |
| 2011 | Hotarubi no Mori e | Gin | Film[43] |
| 2015 | Infinite Stratos 2: Infinite Wedding | Ichika Orimura | OVA (DVD special)[44] |
| 2015 | The Anthem of the Heart | Takumi Sakagami / Egg | Film[45] |
| 2016 | Under the Dog | Shun'ichi Nanase | OVA[44] |
| 2018 | My Hero Academia: Two Heroes | Tomura Shigaraki | Film[1] |
| 2018 | Devilman Crybaby | Akira Fudō | ONA[1] |
| 2021 | Jujutsu Kaisen 0 | Toge Inumaki | Film[46] |
| 2021 | Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time | Ryoji Kaji Jr. | Film[1] |
| 2021–2022 | The Ancient Magus' Bride: Those Awaiting a Witch's Return | Ruoh | OVA |
| 2024 | Haikyū!! The Dumpster Battle | Kei Tsukishima | Film[46] |
| 2024 | Blue Lock: Episode Nagi | Rin Itoshi | Film[47] |
| 2024 | Dead Dead Demon's Dededede Destruction | Ken'ichi Kohiruimaki | Film[47] |