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Mapa

Mapa is a masculine noun in the Spanish language referring to a , defined as a geographical representation of the or a portion thereof on a flat surface. The term derives from mappa ('map'), which in turn stems from mappa ('napkin' or 'handkerchief'), evoking the cloths historically used to illustrate spatial depictions. This etymology parallels the development of the English word "map," which traces through mappa mundi ('map of the world'), where mappa denoted the fabric base for such renderings, possibly of origin. In Spanish and cognate like , mapa retains this core sense while extending to specialized forms such as linguistic or topographic maps, underscoring its foundational role in cartographic despite the language's typical feminine gender for -a endings.

Etymology and Linguistic Usage

Origins and Meaning as "Map"

The term mapa, denoting a geographical in numerous languages including , , , and various tongues, originates from the Latin mappa, which referred to a , , or painted cloth used in for signaling, such as at races or banquets. This semantic shift occurred because medieval and early modern maps were commonly depicted on fabric rather than rigid materials like paper or stone, with the phrase —literally "cloth of the world"—emerging by the 13th century to describe world maps painted on or similar textiles. Latin mappa itself likely derives from a Semitic or Punic root, as attested by the 1st-century AD Roman rhetorician , who described it as a foreign borrowing for a type of cloth or , distinct from native Italic terms for . The word entered directly through , retaining its form in and as mapa by the medieval period, while Italian evolved it slightly to mappa. In , mapa was adopted later, primarily during the (circa 15th–16th centuries), when European cartographic knowledge spread eastward via printed works and scholarly exchange; for instance, Polish records show mapa in use by the , borrowed either from Latin or intermediary Romance forms amid the influence of Habsburg and Western mapping traditions. This borrowing coexists with native roots like karta (from Latin charta, meaning paper or chart) in some languages, but mapa predominates in Central European contexts due to its association with cloth-based exemplars, such as the 1300 .

Usage in Modern Languages

In Spanish, "mapa" is the standard masculine noun denoting a geographical representation of the Earth or a portion thereof on a flat surface, commonly used in contexts such as mapa topográfico (topographic map) or mapa demográfico (demographic map). This term has largely supplanted older synonyms like carta, which persists mainly in nautical or specialized applications such as carta de navegación. Despite ending in -a, "mapa" follows the pattern of certain Greek-derived nouns assigned masculine gender in Spanish grammar. In , "mapa" serves as a masculine for a conventional delineation of any extension of the Earth's surface, extending to specialized forms like mapa anamórfico (anamorphic map, distorting areas for statistical emphasis). It is the predominant term in everyday and technical discourse, mirroring usage but adapted to Portuguese phonology and orthography, with no significant archaic alternatives in common parlance. employs "mappa" as a feminine primarily for a detailed graphical representation of (scale greater than 1:10,000), synonymous with carta geografica but favored for precision in . The term extends metaphorically to fields like astronomy (mappa lunare, lunar map), (mappa genetica, genetic map), and (memory position lists), reflecting its versatility in modern scientific and technical Italian. Beyond , "mapa" appears in several tongues, such as Slovak and Serbian (as mapa), where it denotes maps in standard geographical senses, often borrowed via Romance influence. In non-Indo-European contexts, like , it is a direct borrowing from for "map," illustrating colonial linguistic legacies in the . These usages underscore "mapa"'s persistence as a core vocabulary item for cartographic concepts across diverse modern linguistic ecosystems.

Notable People

Alec Mapa

Alejandro "Alec" Mapa, born on July 10, 1965, in , , is an American actor, comedian, and writer known for his work in television, film, and theater. Standing at 5 feet 4 inches (1.63 meters), Mapa attended High School in before pursuing acting. His career spans over three decades, beginning with early television appearances on shows such as (1984–1992) and (1991–1998). Mapa gained his first major professional breakthrough in theater by replacing B.D. Wong as Song Liling in the national tour of David Henry Hwang's Tony Award-winning play . He later received an Off-Broadway nomination at the 2001 Lucille Lortel Awards for his role in Jessica Hagedorn's Dogeaters. In film, Mapa appeared in supporting roles including Bright Lights, Big City (1988), (1998), (2004), and (2008). His television credits include recurring roles as Suzuki St. Pierre on (2006–2010), Adam Benet on (2002–2006), and various characters on Desperate Housewives, , and Scream Queens. Among his accolades, Mapa won a GLAAD Media Award in 2005 for promoting LGBT equality and received honors at film festivals for his 2014 stand-up special Alec Mapa: Baby Daddy, including awards from Out on Film in Atlanta and Cinema Diverse. He has performed solo shows addressing personal experiences, such as fatherhood and health challenges like cancer, as seen in his 2024 production I Remember Mapa. In his personal life, Mapa has been in a relationship with producer Jamison "Jamie" Hebert since 2002 and legally married him in 2008. The couple adopted a son, Zion Joseph, through the foster care system, becoming advocates for LGBT family-building via adoption. Mapa resides in and continues to work as a performer for events, television, and theater.

Dennis Mapa

Claire Dennis S. Mapa is a Filipino and who serves as Undersecretary, National Statistician, and Civil Registrar General of the (PSA). In this role, he oversees national statistical operations, including census data, economic indicators, and civil registration systems. Appointed to the position in 2019, Mapa has led efforts in data-driven policy support, such as reporting and international statistical harmonization. Mapa holds a in Statistics, in Economics, in Statistics, and in Economics, all earned from the . Before his PSA appointment, he was a professor and dean at the UP School of Statistics, where he served as president of the Philippine Statistical Association Inc. from 2016 to 2017. His academic work focuses on econometric modeling, time series analysis, measurement, and . Mapa's research contributions include analyses of economic crises' impacts on and in the , with publications examining factors influencing food insecurity and econometric forecasting. His scholarly output has garnered over 590 citations, reflecting influence in and . In recent international engagements, he chaired working groups on ministerial declarations for statistical development and was elected vice chair of a ministerial segment bureau in 2025.

Jao Mapa

Jose Vicente D. Mapa III, known professionally as , is a Filipino actor, model, and painter born on February 11, 1976. He gained prominence in the as a member of the teen acting group Gwapings, which launched his career alongside contemporaries like and . Mapa transitioned to more mature roles in film and television, appearing in over 30 projects, while pursuing formal education in fine arts. He earned a degree in Fine Arts, majoring in , from the in 2003 after balancing studies with acting for a decade. Mapa's early film roles included the 1995 comedy Pare Ko, where he played a supporting character in a story about friendship and urban life. He received a nomination for Best Actor at the 1996 Gawad Urian Awards for his performance in a lead role that year, marking an early critical recognition. Subsequent notable films encompass Sisa (2008), a historical drama portraying revolutionary figures; Condo (2008), a thriller involving interpersonal conflicts in a residential setting; and more recent works like Kinsenas, Katapusan (2022), where he portrayed a father figure, and Ahasss (2023), a crime film featuring him as Lieutenant Agusto. On television, he has appeared in series such as G! (2019) and Because I Love You (2019), often in supporting roles as authority figures or romantic leads. Beyond acting, Mapa is recognized as a visual artist under the name Joao Mapa, with exhibitions showcasing his paintings that blend figurative and abstract elements influenced by his fine arts training. His artistic pursuits reflect a deliberate shift toward creative autonomy later in his career, as noted in interviews where he emphasized protecting personal boundaries in the entertainment industry. As of 2025, Mapa continues to work in Philippine cinema and media, maintaining a profile that spans commercial successes and artistic endeavors.

Companies and Organizations

Mapa Group

Mapa Group is a Turkish multinational founded in 1976 by Mehmet Nazif Günal and headquartered in , . The company operates primarily in , , and , with additional involvement in , , , and air freight across , , , and the . It employs over 20,000 professionals and is governed by an experienced management team focused on large-scale projects. The group's construction arm emphasizes infrastructure such as pipelines, reservoirs, and transport facilities, including the Arafat-Taif in , which features the world's longest of its kind, the Shuqaiq with the highest pumping capacity, and Mecca's water reservoirs totaling 190,000 cubic meters. Subsidiaries like MAPA handle infrastructure, while GÜNAL focuses on residential, commercial, and service buildings; other units include MNG TARGEM for design and consulting, MNG ZEMTAŞ for geotechnical services, MNG ESMAŞ for electrical systems, and MNG TESİSAT for HVAC and plumbing. These entities have secured partnerships with institutions such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the African Development Bank, reflecting operational reach in the Gulf region, Africa, and Europe. Beyond construction, Mapa Group maintains diversified operations in tourism and hospitality, renewable energy initiatives, airport management, and air freight logistics, building on four decades of multinational expansion. The company, privately held by its founder, prioritizes engineering excellence in critical transport and utility infrastructure for global economies.

MAPA GmbH and Mapa Professional

MAPA headquartered in with production facilities in Zeven, traces its origins to of Hanseatische Gummiwerke Bachmann & Co. in initially focused on rubber goods manufacturing. In 1967, the company was acquired by MAPA SA and merged with Blausiegel, leading to its renaming as MAPA in 1969; it has since specialized in high-quality rubber and latex products across baby care, health care, home care, and industrial sectors. Key innovations include the launch of NUK orthodontic bottle nipples in 1956 and the BILLY BOY condom brand in 1990, alongside homecare items under Spontex. The company underwent ownership changes, including acquisition by the Hutchinson Group in 1973 and integration into TOTAL in 1974, before being taken over by Jarden Corporation in 2010 and subsequently becoming part of Newell Brands following the 2016 merger. As of 2022, MAPA marked its 75th anniversary, operating with advanced automated processes emphasizing "Made in " quality. Mapa Professional serves as the dedicated brand under the MAPA group for professional hand protection solutions, originating with the development of the first flocked Mapa glove in and formal brand launch in 1988 targeted at industrial users. It offers over 200 types of safety gloves designed for specific risks, including chemical protection (e.g., UltraNeo 382 for maximum comfort), cut resistance (e.g., KryTech 582 with nitrile coating for oily conditions), thermal insulation, liquidproofing, and disposable variants. The brand emphasizes ergonomic design, durability, and compliance with safety standards, with tools like chemical glove selection guides aiding users in matching protection to hazards. Integrated within Newell Brands' portfolio, Mapa Professional maintains a global presence, prioritizing innovation in protective equipment for sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, and chemical handling.

Mapa Publishing

Mapa Publishing, officially known as MAP - Mapping and Publishing, is an Israeli cartographic and book publishing company specializing in maps, atlases, and travel guides. Founded in 1985 as Sifrei Tel-Aviv by Muli Meltzer and Dani Tracz, it initially focused on guidebooks before expanding into mapping products. By 2006, the company held approximately 80% of the Israeli market for such materials, generating annual revenue of about NIS 20 million (roughly $5.3 million at the time), and published items including walking guides, city guides, and road atlases noted for their high-quality cartography. In April 2007, Ituran Location and Control Ltd. acquired for $13 million, comprising a $10 million purchase price and a $3 million proprietors' loan, to bolster its entry into the navigation sector by integrating Mapa's cartographic expertise with Ituran's location-based services. Following the acquisition, Hezi Levy replaced founder as CEO in 2008, overseeing expansions in digital mapping and geographic information systems (GIS), where Mapa emerged as Israel's market leader. The company shifted emphasis toward digital databases and GIS solutions while continuing limited print production of atlases and guides. Mapa faced legal scrutiny in 2011 when an Israeli court enforced a Creative Commons license for the first time, ruling against the company for reproducing photographs in a published book without proper attribution, despite the images' licensed availability. As of 2024, amid regional GPS disruptions—such as those affecting navigation apps in conflict zones like —Mapa has seen renewed demand for printed maps, prompting updates to its physical editions despite the digital pivot. It remains Israel's primary map publisher, producing culturally focused , books, and fiction alongside core mapping outputs.

Mapa Products, LLC

Mapa Products, LLC is a manufacturer of engineered rooftop pipe support systems, specializing in non-penetrating supports designed to protect roofing membranes while accommodating various piping loads and movements. Founded in 1998 and headquartered in Naples, Texas, the company focuses on products made in the United States, emphasizing durability, load-bearing capacity, and compatibility with commercial roofing applications. The company's product lineup includes roller supports for gas and steam lines that allow linear movement without rotation, strut supports for elevated piping, single-post supports for point loads, platform supports for equipment bases, and structurally attached supports for high-wind zones. Additional offerings encompass rooftop hydrants and electrical supports, all engineered to meet or exceed industry standards for load distribution and thermal expansion. MAPA's innovations address limitations of traditional wood-based or curb-mounted alternatives, which often lead to roof leaks or membrane damage due to penetration or uneven pressure. Operated under ISIMET, LLC, Mapa Products maintains a facility at 103 CJ Wise Parkway in Naples, Texas, serving wholesale building materials markets with a focus on roofing and mechanical contractors. The company provides warranties on its products, highlighting features like UV-resistant polymers and galvanized steel components for longevity in harsh environmental conditions. As of 2021, MAPA positions itself as a leader in the sector, with distribution through specialized suppliers in construction and roofing.

Acronyms and Concepts

Most Affected People and Areas (MAPA)

Most Affected People and Areas (MAPA) refers to populations and regions experiencing disproportionate adverse impacts from climate variability and change, despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions. This concept emphasizes equity in climate policy, highlighting how vulnerable groups in low-emission areas bear the brunt of events such as extreme weather, sea-level rise, and resource scarcity. The term gained prominence in international forums like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), where advocates argue for prioritized support, including financial mechanisms like the Loss and Damage Fund established at COP27 in 2022. Key MAPA demographics include residents of small island developing states (SIDS), such as those in the Pacific and Caribbean, where over 1 billion people live in nations responsible for less than 1% of global emissions yet face existential threats from rising seas projected to displace millions by 2050 under . Least developed countries (LDCs) in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, home to around 1.1 billion people, also qualify, enduring frequent droughts and floods that exacerbate poverty; for instance, between 2010 and 2020, climate-related disasters in LDCs caused over 500,000 deaths and $100 billion in damages annually on average. Indigenous communities, often in Arctic or forested regions, represent another core group, with data showing they experience amplified effects like permafrost thaw disrupting traditional livelihoods. Geographically, MAPA encompasses coastal lowlands in Bangladesh, where cyclone frequency has increased, affecting 160 million people in a delta region emitting far below global per capita averages, and arid zones in the Sahel, where desertification impacts 300 million across 10 countries with emissions under 0.5 tons per capita versus the global 4.7 tons. Advocacy sources, including youth-led initiatives, frame MAPA as a call for "climate justice," though empirical assessments of attribution—distinguishing anthropogenic forcing from natural cycles—remain debated in peer-reviewed literature, with vulnerability indices like the ND-GAIN ranking relying on composite metrics of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.

Management of Actual or Potential Aggression (MAPA)

Management of Actual or Potential Aggression (MAPA) is a behavior management training program designed to equip staff with skills to prevent, de-escalate, and respond to aggressive or challenging behaviors in care settings. The program emphasizes assessing risk, using verbal techniques to reduce tension, and applying non-restrictive or restrictive physical interventions only as a last resort to ensure safety. It promotes a non-judgmental approach, treating individuals with respect while prioritizing the least restrictive methods. Originating in the United States during the 1970s, MAPA evolved as a structured response to workplace violence in healthcare and education. By the 1990s, it gained traction in the United Kingdom through providers like Positive Options, which delivered training amid rising demand for aggression management in public services. As a trademarked model, it functions as a risk management strategy, with some implementations later integrating or transitioning to (CPI) frameworks, such as Verbal Intervention and Safety Intervention, to align with updated evidence-based practices. Core principles include proactive prevention through environmental awareness and early intervention, verbal de-escalation to address triggers like anxiety or distress, and physical techniques grounded in body mechanics to minimize harm. Training modules teach decision-making frameworks that balance staff and client safety, with an emphasis on post-incident debriefing to refine responses. Restrictive holds, when used, require justification based on immediate risk and adherence to legal standards, such as those under . MAPA is applied in health and social care, mental health facilities, schools, and children's residential homes, particularly for managing disruptive behaviors in vulnerable populations. Foundation courses typically last half a day to several days, covering theory and practical skills, while advanced instructor certification prepares trainers to deliver customized programs. It is often mandated for registration in high-risk roles, such as those in UK National Health Service trusts. Empirical evaluation of MAPA's effectiveness remains limited, with studies indicating improved staff perceptions of competence but lacking robust longitudinal data on incident reduction. Provider claims align it with international guidelines, yet independent research highlights the need for better measurement of outcomes like restraint frequency. Potential risks include injury during physical interventions, prompting comparisons to alternatives like PMVA that may require less equipment but similar scrutiny for over-reliance on force.

Arts and Media

Mapa (song by SB19)

"Mapa" is a ballad recorded by the Filipino boy band SB19, consisting of members Pablo, Josh, Stell, Ken, and Justin. Released digitally on May 16, 2021, by Sony Music Entertainment, it functions as a pre-release single from their debut extended play Pagsibol. The song was penned by Pablo (John Paulo Nase), with production handled by Nase alongside Jay Durias, emphasizing themes of parental sacrifice and gratitude. The title "Mapa" derives from a portmanteau of "Ma" (mother) and "Pa" (father) in Filipino vernacular, while also evoking the concept of a mapa (map) that guides one's life journey, symbolizing parents as navigators through challenges. Lyrics express filial devotion, such as "Dahil ikaw ang naging mata ko sa mundo" (Because you became my eyes in the world), reflecting the band's intent to honor parental support amid their career struggles. SB19 positioned the release between Mother's Day and Father's Day to underscore appreciation, with Pablo stating it aims to "inspire people to be appreciative of everything that our parents did for us." An accompanying lyric video, directed by SB19's creative team, premiered on YouTube alongside the single and amassed over 100 million views by July 8, 2024, marking a significant streaming milestone for the group. The track has been performed live at events like the MYX Music Awards 2021 and a 2024 rendition on The First Take, highlighting its enduring appeal. In 2025, an Indonesian version featuring vocalist Aruma debuted, incorporating localized lyrics and entering worldwide iTunes charts at number 66, expanding its regional footprint. Reception has been positive, with the song resonating emotionally in the Philippines for its cultural resonance on family values, though specific global chart peaks remain limited in documented data beyond digital sales and views. It contributed to SB19's growing P-pop influence, earning nods in local awards contexts without standalone major international accolades reported.

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