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May Robson

May Robson (April 19, 1858 – October 20, 1942) was an Australian-born American actress renowned for her portrayals of spirited elderly characters in stage and film, with a career spanning nearly 60 years from her debut in 1883 until her death. Born Mary Jeanette Robison in , , she was the fourth child of British parents Henry Robison and Julia Schelesinger; after her father's death in 1865, the family relocated to , where she received education in , , and before emigrating to the in her late teens. She began her professional acting career on at age 25, debuting on September 17, 1883, at the Grand Opera House in a production of Hoop of Gold, and quickly rose to prominence in theater, including a notable turn as Miss Prism in (1895). Transitioning to film in the silent era with her debut in A Night Out (1915), she appeared in over 60 movies, adapting seamlessly to sound films and becoming a staple in as the quintessential crotchety grandmother. Among her most acclaimed roles were Apple Annie in Lady for a Day (1933), earning her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress at age 75—becoming, at the time, the oldest nominee in the category's history and the first Australian to receive such recognition—and Aunt Elizabeth in Bringing Up Baby (1938), alongside and . Other highlights include performances in Dinner at Eight (1933), The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938) as Aunt Polly, A Star Is Born (1937), and her final film, Joan of Paris (1942). Robson died of natural causes in , and was buried at in , , leaving a legacy as a trailblazing performer who bridged , theater, and cinema.

Early life

Australian origins

Mary Jeanette Robison, known professionally as May Robson, was born on April 19, 1858, in , . She was the fourth child of Henry Robison, a retired who had settled in for health reasons, and his wife Julia (née Schelesinger). Henry Robison died of in 1865 when Mary was seven years old, leaving the family in financial hardship.

Immigration to the United States

After her father's death, the family relocated to , where Robson received education in , , and . She emigrated to the as a teenager.

Personal life

Marriages

May Robson eloped at the age of 17 with 18-year-old Charles Leveson , marrying him on November 1, 1875, in . , the son of a U.S. , initially pursued ranching ventures with Robson after their to in 1877, purchasing a 380-acre cattle ranch near . The ranch proved unsuccessful, amid financial strains. This union produced three children before 's death in 1883, which left Robson widowed and compelled her to seek employment to support her family. Six years into her nascent stage career, Robson married Dr. Augustus Homer Brown, a New York police surgeon, on May 29, 1889. The partnership offered Robson emotional companionship and financial security, enabling her to navigate the uncertainties of early theatrical work without the immediate pressures of sole provision. Brown and Robson maintained a harmonious relationship, raising her surviving son together until Brown's death on April 1, 1920. Robson's experiences in marriage highlighted the broader constraints on women in 19th-century , where laws subsumed a wife's legal under her husband's, limiting her ownership, contract-making, and economic autonomy. Despite these challenges, Robson's acting income progressively empowered her independence, particularly after her first husband's death, allowing her to manage her affairs with increasing .

Children and family

May Robson had three children from her first marriage to Charles Leveson Gore, a rancher. The couple's two other children—a son and a daughter—died young during Robson's early widowhood, one from and the other from —leaving her to raise their only surviving child, son Edward Hyde Leveson Gore, born December 2, 1876. The deceased children were James Beryl Gore (born 1879, died 1882) and Nellie Candler Gore (born c. 1880, died young). These tragedies occurred around 1882, shortly before Robson began her acting career to provide for her son. Edward Gore grew into adulthood amid his mother's demanding stage tours, which often kept them apart, yet he maintained a close bond with her. In her later years, Edward served as his mother's business manager, handling her finances, travel arrangements, and professional affairs as her career extended into film. Robson had no children from her second marriage to Augustus Homer Brown in 1889. The profound losses of her children and first husband forged Robson's resilient parenting approach, as she supported Edward through various crafts like embroidery and painting lessons before turning to the theater.

Career

Stage career

May Robson began her stage career at the age of 25 in 1883, making her debut as Tilly in the melodrama The Hoop of Gold at the Brooklyn Grand Opera House. With no prior experience, she quickly adapted to the demands of the profession, joining stock companies where she performed a variety of roles in melodramas and comedies across the United States. These early engagements honed her skills in character acting, often portraying spirited or comedic figures, and allowed her to support her family after becoming a widow. By the late 1880s, Robson achieved her Broadway breakthrough, appearing as Alice Bellair in Partners in 1888. Her reputation grew in the through roles that showcased her versatility, including Miss Prism in Oscar Wilde's (1895), a part that emphasized her knack for eccentric, authoritative older women blending humor and . She continued with supporting turns in plays like Lord and Lady Algy (1899), solidifying her status as a reliable character actress in both and . In the early 1900s, Robson expanded into vaudeville sketches and touring productions, performing in shows documented from 1910 to 1914. A highlight was her starring role in The Rejuvenation of Aunt Mary (1907), a comedy that ran briefly on Broadway but proved popular on tour. By 1911, she co-authored and starred in The Three Lights, a domestic drama that marked her entry into playwriting. That same year, she established her own touring theatrical company, achieving financial independence through extensive road performances of works like Mother and Tish, which she presented across the U.S. and Canada, covering over 500,000 miles in four decades. Known for her ability to shift seamlessly between comedic eccentricity and dramatic depth, Robson maintained a prolific stage presence until 1927, when she transitioned to film as a natural extension of her seasoned character portrayals.

Film career

Robson entered the film industry during the silent era, making her debut in 1915 with a as herself in How Molly Made Good, a produced by the Photo . Over the following years, she took on supporting roles in numerous silent productions, typically portraying character actresses in comedies and dramas, such as the lead in the 1916 adaptation of her play A Night Out and the title role in The Rejuvenation of Aunt Mary (1927), a silent version of her earlier stage success. By the late 1920s, she had accumulated appearances in around a dozen silent films, including Pals in Paradise (1926) and Cecil B. DeMille's epic The King of Kings (1927). In 1927, at age 69 and following the death of her second husband, Robson relocated from to , marking a pivotal shift that revitalized her career as s emerged. Her transition to talkies was seamless; she made her first in Mother's Millions (1931) and quickly became a staple in over 20 productions during the 1930s, often in supporting yet memorable roles. Standout performances included Apple Annie in Frank Capra's (1933), which earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, and the eccentric Aunt Elizabeth in ' (1938) opposite and . Her portrayal of feisty, no-nonsense grandmothers and matriarchs became her signature, particularly in 1930s comedies and dramas like Dinner at Eight (1933) and (1938). Robson's screen persona translated her stage-honed wit and resilience to , where she collaborated with acclaimed directors such as Capra and Hawks, contributing to the era's vibrant ensemble casts. Despite facing in an industry favoring youth and battling health issues in her later years, she persisted, appearing in more than 50 films overall by , with her final roles in pictures like Joan of Paris (1942).

Academy Award nomination

In 1933, May Robson received an Academy Award nomination for for her portrayal of Apple Annie in , directed by . The film, adapted from Damon Runyon's "Madame La Gimp," features Robson as an impoverished apple vendor on City's streets who transforms into a society lady to impress her visiting daughter. Her performance was lauded for blending heartfelt emotional depth with wry humor, capturing the character's resilience amid hardship. This marked Robson as the first Australian-born individual nominated in any Academy Award category. The nomination occurred at the in 1934, where also contended for Best Picture and Best Director. Robson, aged 75, ultimately lost the honor to for . At the time, she set the record for the oldest nominee in the acting categories, a distinction she held for decades until surpassed in the late . The recognition elevated Robson's profile in Hollywood, securing her additional leading roles in major productions during the 1930s, including Bringing Up Baby (1938) and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938). It underscored her embodiment of perseverance, as an actress who transitioned from stage to screen late in life and achieved peak acclaim at an advanced age.

Death and legacy

Death

May Robson died on October 20, 1942, at the age of 84, at her home in Beverly Hills, California, from a weakened condition aggravated by neuritis, an ailment she had suffered from for several years. Her death marked the end of a prolific career spanning nearly 60 years on stage and screen. In her final months, Robson's health and eyesight had been deteriorating, yet she persisted with her work, appearing in her last film, Joan of Paris (1942), despite these challenges. She passed away peacefully in her sleep at home. A funeral service was held at the Little Church of the Recessional in Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California, featuring an Episcopal ceremony conducted by Rev. Neal Dodd and attended by a large crowd, including many Hollywood figures who sent floral tributes. Following cremation, her ashes were interred at Flushing Cemetery in Queens, New York, beside her second husband, Dr. Augustus H. Brown. Obituaries in major U.S. newspapers, such as the New York Times, , and Times-Advocate, immediately praised Robson as the "grand old lady of the stage and screen," highlighting her enduring contributions to theater and film.

Legacy

May Robson is recognized as a pioneering figure in , becoming the first -born actor to receive an Award nomination for her leading role as Apple Annie in (1933), at the age of 75—the oldest nominee at the time and a record she held for many years. Her achievement highlighted the underrepresented contributions of performers to early , bridging her native roots in , with a dominant presence in U.S. history. Robson's transition from a decades-long stage career, beginning in 1883, to over 60 films exemplified her role as a vital link between theatrical traditions and the emerging screen era, influencing subsequent character actresses through her versatile portrayals in both comedy and drama. Her iconic performance as the resilient, downtrodden Apple Annie—a street vendor transformed by circumstance—left a lasting mark on depictions of elderly , emphasizing their warmth, grit, and hidden depths amid hardship. This role, drawn from Damon Runyon's stories, contributed to the tradition by blending humor with poignant social commentary, as seen in her later work as the imperious Aunt Elizabeth in (1938), where she sparred alongside and to heighten the film's chaotic energy. Robson's specialization in crotchety yet endearing grandmothers, often with "hearts of gold," helped shape the of the resilient senior in American cinema, inspiring a lineage of performers who balanced eccentricity with emotional authenticity. Posthumously, Robson has received renewed recognition for her Australian heritage, particularly through film festivals celebrating her silent-era contributions, such as the Oz Silent Film Festival's showcase of her 1927 role in Chicago and the Royal Australian Historical Society's 2025 screening of Snow White (1916), where she starred alongside fellow Australian Dorothy Cumming. Scholarly assessments view her as the "dowager queen" of Hollywood, a foundational character actress whose longevity and adaptability underscored the evolving demands of stage-to-screen transitions in the early 20th century. Despite her prolific output and industry tributes, including funeral honors from figures like Louis B. Mayer, Robson does not have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Her enduring influence extends to modern portrayals of tenacious older women, evident in the archetype's persistence in contemporary films and her role in connecting Australian talent to global cinema legacies.

Works

Stage works

May Robson's stage career began with her debut on September 17, 1883, in Hoop of Gold at the Grand Opera House, where she played the role of Tillie. She adopted the professional surname "Robson" after a misspelling in the for this production. Following her debut, Robson performed in regional theaters and stock companies across the , including early roles in and other Midwestern venues, building her experience in and before reaching . Robson appeared in over 50 stage productions throughout her career, including shows, national tours, sketches, and one-acts. Many of her early works were in touring companies. She frequently performed in circuits from the to the 1920s, featuring sketches such as The Making Over of Mrs. Matt ( tour) and one-acts like Auntie’s Visit during international tours to and in the . Her appearances included comedic character roles, and extended to stock engagements in major cities like and . She formed her own stock company in the early and toured with it through the mid-1920s. The following table lists her verified Broadway productions in chronological order, with roles, theaters, and run details where available. This represents a core portion of her stage works, supplemented by extensive touring and non-Broadway performances.
Year OpenedTitleRoleTheaterRun LengthNotes
1888PartnersAlice BellairMadison Square TheatreUnknownOriginal comedy drama.
1893The Younger SonPerformerLyceum TheatreUnknownOriginal play; co-production elements with husband.
1894The Fatal CardPerformerEmpire TheatreDec 31, 1894 – Mar 1895 (approx. 80 performances)Original .
1895Miss PrismEmpire TheatreApr 22, 1895 – May 1895 (approx. 40 performances)American premiere of Oscar Wilde's comedy.
1895Performer14th Street TheatreMay 14–28, 1895 (15 performances)Original play.
1897PerformerLyceum TheatreMar 8, 1897 – UnknownOriginal .
1899Lord and Lady AlgyPerformerEmpire TheatreFeb 14 – May 1899 (approx. 120 performances)Original comedy.
1899Lord and Lady Algy (Revival)PerformerUnknownOct 16–end Oct 1899 (short run)Revival.
1899Make Way for the LadiesPerformerUnknownNov 13 – Dec 1899 (approx. 30 performances)Original .
1900Self and LadyUnknownOct 8–20, 1900 (13 performances)Original comedy .
1900Lady Huntworth's ExperimentPerformerUnknownDec 21, 1900 – Mar 3, 1901 (approx. 70 performances)Original comedy.
1901PerformerUnknownApr 1–end Apr 1901 (short run)Original .
1901The Messenger BoyMrs. BangSep 16, 1901 – Jan 4, 1902 (approx. 120 performances)Original musical comedy.
1902Mrs. PeppercornLyric TheatreDec 29, 1902 – Apr 1903 (approx. 100 performances)Original musical .
1903Dorothy Vernon of Haddon HallPerformerDec 14, 1903 – Jan 1904 (approx. 30 performances)Original .
1904It Happened in NordlandPrincess AlineLiberty TheatreDec 5, 1904 – Nov 25, 1905 (approx. 350 performances)Original musical comedy.
1905Cousin BillyPerformerJan 2 – Mar 1905 (approx. 60 performances)Original comedy .
1906The Mountain ClimberPerformerMar 5 – Apr 1906 (approx. 30 performances)Original .
1907The Rejuvenation of Aunt MaryAunt MaryNov 12 – Dec 1907 (approx. 30 performances)Original play; adapted from novel, major career milestone.
1911The Three LightsGranmumBijou TheatreOct 31 – Nov 4, 1911 (5 performances)Original play; co-written by Robson.
1913Jane MirandaNov 21, 1913 – May 1914 (approx. 170 performances)Original play by Eleanor Gates; Robson as grandmother figure.
1926The Two OrphansLa FrochardLyceum TheatreApr 5 – May 1926 (approx. 48 performances)Revival drama; final appearance.
In addition to these Broadway engagements, Robson starred in touring productions such as Salomy Jane (1907, national tour, role unspecified) and The Revolt of the Daughters (1896, co-author and performer in regional premiere). Her vaudeville work included sketches like In the Wire (1890 tour) and international tours with her stock company in the 1910s–1920s. Throughout, she emphasized character roles in comedies and dramas, contributing to over 50 verified productions across tours and stock. Her last Broadway appearance was in 1926, after which she continued touring with her stock company until the mid-1920s.

Silent filmography

May Robson's entry into silent films in the mid-1910s represented an initial foray from her established career, though she made only sporadic appearances until a more consistent involvement in the late . Her early silent work included shorts and features produced by studios like Biograph and Vitagraph, many of which are now lost or poorly preserved historical records. Transitioning to Goldwyn and other major productions in the , Robson typically played supporting roles as maternal or comedic figures, leveraging her theatrical experience. Below is a chronological list of her verified silent film appearances from 1915 to 1927.
YearTitleRoleDirectorNotes
1915How Molly Made GoodHerselfN/ABiograph short; ; released November 1915; presumed lost.
1915The Plough GirlUnspecifiedN/AEarly short; supporting role; details sparse; presumed lost.
1916A Night OutGranmumN/AFeature adaptation of stage play; supporting role; presumed lost.
1916Hex WitchN/AShort fantasy; supporting role; presumed lost.
1918The Dawn GirlUnspecifiedN/AFeature; supporting role; presumed lost.
1918The Prodigal WifeUnspecifiedN/AFeature; supporting role; presumed lost.
1919A SaintUnspecifiedN/AFeature; supporting role; presumed lost.
1919The Lost BattalionUnspecifiedN/AWar drama; supporting role; partial survival.
1926Pals in ParadiseUnspecifiedGoldwyn feature; supporting role.
1927Rubber TiresUnspecifiedAlan HaleFeature ; supporting role.
1927The King of KingsUnspecifiedEpic biblical drama; supporting role.
1927The Rejuvenation of Aunt MaryAunt Mary WatkinsN/A feature; supporting role; adaptation of play.
1927The Angel of Big BerthaDrama; supporting role.
1927A in HockMrs. BanksN/A; supporting role; presumed lost.
1927UnspecifiedN/A short; supporting role; presumed lost.
1927Mrs. Morton (jail matron)Frank UrsonCrime drama; supporting role; based on play.

Sound filmography

May Robson's transition to sound films marked a prolific phase in her career, beginning in the early and continuing until , during which she appeared in more than 40 feature films, primarily in supporting roles portraying resilient, no-nonsense older women such as grandmothers, aunts, and matrons. Her performances often brought warmth and humor to ensemble casts, with her most celebrated role being the downtrodden yet spirited Apple Annie in (1933), which earned her a nomination for the . This period solidified her status as a beloved character actress in Hollywood's , contributing to a total career filmography exceeding 70 titles across silent and sound eras. The following table lists her verified sound film roles chronologically, including key details where available. Billing is typically supporting unless noted as starring or leading.
YearTitleDirectorCharacterBilling/Notes
1931The Sin of Madelon ClaudetEdgar SelwynMadame ClaudetSupporting
1932Letty LyntonClarence BrownMrs. LyntonSupporting
1932If I Had a MillionMultiple (Ernst Lubitsch, Norman Taurog, et al.)Mrs. Mary WalkerSupporting (anthology segment)
1932Little Orphan AnnieJohn S. RobertsonMrs. StewartSupporting
1932Strange InterludeRobert Z. LeonardMrs. EvansSupporting
1933Dinner at EightGeorge CukorMrs. WendelSupporting
1933Lady for a DayFrank CapraApple AnnieStarring; Academy Award nomination for Best Actress
1933Alice in WonderlandNorman Z. McLeodQueen of HeartsSupporting
1933The White SisterVictor FlemingMother SuperiorSupporting
1933Beauty for SaleRichard BoleslawskiMrs. MerrickSupporting
1933Dancing LadyRobert Z. LeonardDolly TodhunterSupporting
1933One Man's JourneyJohn S. RobertsonSarahSupporting
1933Reunion in ViennaSidney FranklinFrau LucherSupporting
1934Lady by ChoiceDavid BurtonPatricia PattersonSupporting; sequel to Lady for a Day
1934You Can't Buy EverythingCharles ReisnerMrs. Hannah BellSupporting
1934The Merry WidowErnst LubitschQueen DoloresSupporting
1934Straight Is the WayPaul SloaneMrs. HorowitzSupporting
1934Vanessa: Her Love StoryWilliam K. HowardJudith ParisSupporting
1935RecklessVictor FlemingGrannySupporting
1935Age of IndiscretionEdward LudwigEmma ShawSupporting
1935Three Kids and a QueenEdward LudwigGrandma Reed (Mary Jane 'Queenie' Baxter)Supporting
1935StrandedFrank BorzageMrs. TuthillSupporting
1935Anna KareninaClarence BrownCountess VronskySupporting
1935A Tale of Two CitiesJack ConwayMiss ProssSupporting
1935Wife vs. SecretaryClarence BrownMimi StanhopeSupporting
1936The Captain's KidNick GrindeAunt Marcia PrentissSupporting
1936The Invisible RayLambert HillyerLady ArabellaSupporting
1937A Star Is BornWilliam A. WellmanLettie (Grandmother Lettie Blodgett)Supporting; iconic role as aspiring actress's grandmother
1937The Perfect SpecimenMichael CurtizMrs. Leona WicksSupporting
1937Four DaughtersMichael CurtizAunt EttaSupporting; first in a series
1938Bringing Up BabyHoward HawksAunt ElizabethSupporting; iconic comedic role in screwball classic
1938The Adventures of Tom SawyerNorman TaurogAunt PollySupporting
1938Four's a CrowdMichael CurtizAmy GallopSupporting
1938They Made Me a CriminalBusby BerkeleyGrandma (Grandma Rafferty)Supporting
1939Yes, My Darling DaughterWilliam KeighleyGrandmaSupporting
1939The Kid from KokomoLewis SeilerMargaret 'Maggie' GraysonSupporting
1939Daughters CourageousMichael CurtizPennySupporting
1939Nurse Edith CavellHerbert WilcoxMme. RappardSupporting
1939The WomenGeorge CukorMrs. MooreheadSupporting; all-female cast
1939BlackmailH.C. PotterMrs. HaleSupporting
1939Should Husbands Work?Gus MeinsGrandmaSupporting (short feature)
1939The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnRichard ThorpeWidow DouglasSupporting
1940IreneHerbert WilcoxGranny O'DareSupporting
1940Four WivesMichael CurtizAunt EttaSupporting; sequel
1940The Texas Rangers Ride AgainJames HoganCeciliaSupporting
1940Granny Get Your GunGeorge AmyMinerva HildegardeSupporting
1941Million Dollar BabyCurtis BernhardtCornelia WheelwrightSupporting
1941PlaymatesDavid ButlerGrandma KyserSupporting
1941Four MothersWilliam KeighleyAunt EttaSupporting; final in series
1942Joan of ParisRobert StevensonMlle. RosaySupporting; final credited role
In the late and early , as Robson's health declined due to her advanced age—she was in her 80s—her appearances became sparser and often limited to brief or uncredited cameos, reflecting the physical demands of ; no verified uncredited role in Saboteur (1942) appears in primary records, though her career concluded with the wartime drama Joan of Paris.