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Psychotronic Video

Psychotronic Video is an American film magazine founded by publisher and editor Michael J. Weldon in 1980 in New York City, initially as a handwritten and photocopied fanzine titled Psychotronic TV that focused on low-budget "psychotronic" movies—defined as a genre encompassing horror, exploitation, science fiction, fantasy, and underground films often overlooked by mainstream critics.^[1]^[2] Relaunched in 1989 as Psychotronic Video with professional offset printing, the quarterly publication ran for 41 issues until December 2006, when it ceased due to rising printing costs and distribution challenges.^[1] The magazine primarily featured Weldon's own reviews of cult and B-movies from drive-in and grindhouse eras, alongside interviews with genre filmmakers like Larry Cohen and Radley Metzger, record reviews, fanzine spotlights, comic book coverage, and obituaries for key figures in the field.^[1] Weldon's work with Psychotronic Video built on his earlier efforts, including the 1983 publication of The Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film, a comprehensive guide to over 3,000 such movies that helped popularize the term "psychotronic" within film culture, drawing from its original 1960s pseudoscientific roots related to mind-matter interactions but repurposed to celebrate eccentric, low-budget cinema.^[3]^[4] This encyclopedia was followed by the expanded Psychotronic Video Guide to Film in 1996, covering more than 9,000 titles and solidifying Weldon's influence on the appreciation of overlooked films.^[3] The magazine's legacy endures through its complete archive available online, Weldon's ongoing operation of the Psychotronic store in Augusta, Georgia—specializing in records, videos, and film memorabilia—and its role in fostering a dedicated community for "bad movie" enthusiasts and paracinema scholars.^[1]

Origins and History

Founding in 1980

Michael J. Weldon, born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, began his career in film criticism in 1979 while employed at the local record store The Drome, where he contributed reviews of horror and cult films to punk zines such as Cle, associated with the band Pere Ubu.^[5] That same year, Weldon relocated to New York City, bringing his passion for underappreciated cinema with him and laying the groundwork for his own publication.^[6] In 1980, shortly after arriving in New York, Weldon founded Psychotronic TV as a grassroots, self-published quarterly fanzine, produced via low-cost photocopy methods on Xerox machines to keep expenses minimal.^[1] The publication emerged from Weldon's desire to champion films overlooked by conventional reviewers, initially consisting entirely of his solo-written critiques of genres including horror, exploitation, science fiction, and drive-in fare.^[7] He coined the term "psychotronic" to describe these movies—defined precisely as "the ones traditionally ignored or ridiculed by mainstream critics"—drawing inspiration from low-budget productions that blended B-movie energy with unconventional storytelling.^[1] Distribution for the early issues was informal and hands-on, with Weldon personally placing copies in New York City record stores and video rental shops to reach fellow enthusiasts of cult cinema.^[1] The debut issue, a modest effort, spotlighted grindhouse classics and precursors to iconic sci-fi horror like John Carpenter's The Thing (1982), establishing the fanzine's irreverent tone and commitment to unearthing hidden gems of the era.^[1] The fanzine ran for approximately 10 issues. This DIY approach allowed Psychotronic TV to build a dedicated underground following before its relaunch in 1989 as the more formalized Psychotronic Video.^[7]

Evolution Through the 1980s and 1990s

Following its origins as a modest fanzine in 1980, Psychotronic Video underwent significant evolution in the 1980s and 1990s, transitioning from amateur production to a more professional quarterly publication. The magazine was relaunched in 1989 as a semiprozine, adopting a US letter-size format with saddle-stapled binding on newsprint to appeal to a broader audience of cult film enthusiasts. This shift marked a departure from its earlier photocopied style, enabling higher production quality and a consistent quarterly schedule that sustained reader interest through detailed reviews and features on exploitation, horror, and science fiction cinema.^[7] The relaunch contributed to the magazine's expansion, culminating in a total of 41 issues published between 1989 and 2006. A pivotal event occurred in 1983 with the release of the first Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film, which served as a tie-in that elevated the magazine's visibility among genre fans and critics by compiling extensive reviews of over 3,000 low-budget films. During the 1990s, Psychotronic Video capitalized on the home video boom, dedicating coverage to VHS cult tapes and direct-to-video releases that democratized access to obscure titles. Guest contributors enriched the content, including in-depth interviews with filmmakers such as Radley Metzger and Larry Cohen, as well as actors like David Carradine and Sid Haig, providing insider perspectives on the psychotronic genre.^[7]^[8]^[1]^[9] Distribution networks grew substantially in this period, with copies sold in comic shops, video rental stores, and through mail-order services that offered bundled psychotronic movie rentals and merchandise. The magazine achieved international reach, particularly in the UK and Europe, where it found a niche among fans of B-movies and exploitation cinema via specialty retailers and subscriptions. However, the 1990s brought operational challenges, including escalating printing costs for newsprint and binding, compounded by emerging online forums that began fragmenting the dedicated print readership. These factors tested the magazine's sustainability even as it maintained its reputation for irreverent, comprehensive coverage of marginal films.^[7]^[10]

Decline and Cessation in 2006

By the mid-1990s, Psychotronic Video had achieved significant popularity among cult film enthusiasts during the home video boom. However, subscriptions began to decline in the early 2000s amid the broader shift toward digital media and the emergence of online film discussion forums, which offered free, immediate access to similar content.^[1]^[11] In its final years during the 2000s, the magazine increasingly focused on DVD releases and retrospectives of classic psychotronic films, adapting to the transition from VHS to digital formats while featuring in-depth interviews with genre icons such as Larry Cohen and David Carradine. Issue 41, published in December 2006, served as the last, wrapping up with reviews of horror, exploitation, and sci-fi titles alongside reflective pieces on the genre's evolution.^[12] Economic pressures ultimately led to the cessation, including skyrocketing printing and distribution costs exacerbated by postal rate hikes and unreliable distributor practices, making self-publishing untenable. Editor Michael J. Weldon announced the end after 26 years, stating, "It was a struggle to self-publish in the 80s and 90s but now it's nearly impossible." Following the closure, Weldon shifted his focus to managing his Psychotronic retail store in Augusta, Georgia, with no immediate plans for reviving the publication. The magazine's total run comprised 41 issues, many of which have since been digitized and archived by institutions such as the Internet Archive for public access.^[1]^[12]^[13]

Content and Scope

Definition of Psychotronic Films

Psychotronic films, as originally defined by Michael J. Weldon, encompass a wide array of low-budget movies primarily in genres such as horror, science fiction, exploitation, action, and fantasy, often dismissed or ridiculed by mainstream critics for their emphasis on sensationalism over artistic merit.^[14] Weldon described these films as ranging "from sincere social commentary to degrading trash," focusing on themes involving teenagers, rock 'n' roll, juvenile delinquents, monsters, aliens, killers, spies, detectives, bikers, communists, drugs, natural catastrophes, atomic bombs, the prehistoric past, and the projected future, while starring a motley cast of ex-models, ex-sports stars, would-be Marilyns, future Presidents, dead rock stars, and has-beens.^[15] These B-movies and cult classics prioritize entertainment through violence, sex, noise, and mindless escapism, qualities that attract devoted fans despite critical condemnation.^[16] Representative examples include grindhouse exploitation like Russ Meyer's Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill! (1965), celebrated for its high-octane female-led crime spree and campy thrills, and drive-in oddities such as Ed Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959), a low-budget sci-fi horror staple infamous for its ineptitude yet enduring as a viewer favorite.^[17]^[18] International curiosities, including subtitled Mexican luchador films or Italian giallo thrillers, also fit the psychotronic mold, valued for their obscurity and unpolished energy rather than polished production.^[14] The term "psychotronic," coined by Weldon in 1980 inspired by the film The Psychotronic Man (1979), initially suggested a blend of weird horror and gadget-heavy science fiction but evolved through his fanzine into a broader shorthand for "weird" or "bad" movies embraced by niche audiences.^[14] Weldon's Psychotronic Video magazine played a key role in popularizing the concept, transforming it from a personal descriptor into cultural lexicon for overlooked cinema.^[15] Unlike mainstream films chasing Oscars or box-office dominance, psychotronic works emphasize viewer thrill, campy irony, and cult obscurity, often thriving outside traditional distribution channels.^[19] This category is deeply rooted in the 1970s-1980s era of home video rentals and late-night television broadcasts, when VHS tapes in local stores made obscure B-movies accessible to enthusiasts, fostering a subculture around their guilty pleasures.^[20]

Magazine Format and Key Features

Psychotronic Video's format evolved considerably from its origins as an underground publication to a more established semiprozine. In the early 1980s, it debuted as the handwritten and photocopied fanzine Psychotronic TV, consisting of modest 20-40 page issues filled with black-and-white photos and a raw, DIY aesthetic typical of zines at the time. By 1989, it was relaunched under the title Psychotronic Video as an offset-printed quarterly magazine, adopting a US letter-size, saddle-stapled structure on newsprint paper for distribution through bookstores. Issues in the 1990s expanded to 60 or more pages, with examples like the 1992 spring issue reaching 72 pages while maintaining a black-and-white interior layout throughout its 41-issue run until 2006.^[1]^[7]^[21] Central to the magazine's content were Michael J. Weldon's alphabetical film reviews, which amassed thousands of entries across issues, providing concise overviews of obscure and low-budget movies. These were complemented by in-depth interviews with niche creators in horror, exploitation, and genre cinema, including figures like Larry Cohen, L.Q. Jones, and William Rotsler. Reader engagement was fostered through sections like letters from fans and displays of fan art, alongside recurring columns such as "Spare Parts" by Dale Ashmun, which covered fanzines and comics, and "Record Reviews" by Art Black. The publication's scope occasionally extended to obituaries in the "Never To Be Forgotten" feature, honoring contributors to psychotronic films.^[7]^[1] Visually, Psychotronic Video prioritized evocative imagery from its subject matter, incorporating lurid movie posters and stills from obscure films to capture the gritty allure of psychotronic cinema, with early issues free of advertisements and later ones featuring only sparse promotions for VHS and laserdisc releases. The overall tone was informative yet nostalgic, delivered in an enthusiastic and non-judgmental style that celebrated the entertainment value of B-movies over critical disdain. Unique elements included special-issue lists ranking top psychotronic films, and ongoing analysis of video distribution trends, reflecting the era's shift toward home video formats like VHS and laserdisc.^[7]^[1]

Publications and Media

The Psychotronic Encyclopedias

The Psychotronic Encyclopedias represent two landmark reference works compiled by Michael J. Weldon, expanding upon the cult film coverage originally featured in his Psychotronic Video magazine. The first, The Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film, was published in 1983 by Ballantine Books as an 815-page volume featuring alphabetical entries on over 3,000 films spanning from the 1910s to the early 1980s.^[22] These entries, typically 100-300 words in length, provide concise synopses, cast lists, production trivia, and Weldon's personal ratings on a scale emphasizing cult appeal and entertainment value, while generally avoiding major plot spoilers to preserve viewer experience.^[22] The book stemmed directly from Weldon's magazine reviews, compiling and expanding them into a comprehensive guide to "psychotronic" cinema—defined as low-budget, genre-driven films often overlooked by mainstream critics, including horror, science fiction, exploitation, and B-movies.^[8] A proposed update in 1992 with Pharos Books did not materialize into publication, though the publisher did release a related Psychotronic calendar that year.^[23] Instead, the follow-up appeared over a decade later as The Psychotronic Video Guide to Film in 1996 from St. Martin's Press, a 672-page sequel that updated coverage through mid-1990s releases, covered more than 9,000 titles, and incorporated details on home video availability amid the VHS boom.^[24] This edition minimized overlap with the original, introducing more international titles alongside American cult classics, and maintained the format of brief, informative entries focused on plot essentials, trivia, and psychotronic status to aid collectors and enthusiasts.^[24]^[25] Both encyclopedias were praised for their accessible, enthusiast-friendly approach, making obscure films approachable for non-experts without academic jargon, and their release significantly boosted interest in Psychotronic Video magazine, leading to increased subscriptions.^[8]^[26] The works established Weldon as a key authority on marginal cinema, influencing subsequent cult film scholarship and preservation efforts.^[8] In addition to the core encyclopedias, the Psychotronic brand encompassed several ancillary publications that supported its focus on cult and exploitation cinema. Pharos Books produced the inaugural Psychotronic Movie Calendar for 1992, a promotional item featuring key dates from psychotronic films alongside illustrations and trivia to engage fans year-round.^[27] A follow-up edition for 1993 followed, maintaining the format as a branded extension of Weldon's curatorial vision.^[23] These calendars, distributed through St. Martin's Press, offered affordable entry points for enthusiasts, blending reference material with collectible appeal.^[28] Pharos also undertook early production on a planned sequel to the 1983 Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film, tentatively titled The Psychotronic Guide to Video and Film, with the cover design finalized by spring 1993. However, the publisher's abrupt closure—stemming from an acquisition by corporate interests tied to The World Almanac—halted progress, resulting in months of legal negotiations over rights and distribution.^[29] The project was ultimately rescued and released in 1996 by St. Martin's Press as The Psychotronic Video Guide to Film, incorporating updated entries on video-era releases but arriving years later than anticipated.^[30] This episode underscored the challenges of sustaining niche publishing amid industry consolidation. The 1989 relaunch of Psychotronic Video magazine further integrated the brand by featuring excerpts and expanded film listings drawn directly from the original encyclopedia, serving as cross-promotional content to boost awareness of both the book and the publication's shift to offset printing. These tie-ins helped sustain reader interest during the magazine's transition from zine to quarterly format. No official digital editions of the Psychotronic books or magazines were produced by Weldon or his publishers; instead, fan-driven efforts, including high-resolution scans uploaded to public archives, have preserved and disseminated the material online since the early 2010s.^[29] While these ventures amplified the encyclopedias' influence, they remained secondary efforts, often constrained by logistical hurdles and the era's limited distribution networks for cult media.

Michael J. Weldon

Early Life and Influences

Michael J. Weldon was born in 1952 in Cleveland, Ohio, where he grew up immersed in the city's vibrant local media landscape. From an early age, he developed a passion for cinema, beginning to watch movies obsessively at six years old, often accompanying his parents to theaters for recent releases while discovering B-movies and genre films through late-night television broadcasts in the 1960s. This exposure was particularly shaped by Cleveland's iconic horror host Ghoulardi, whose irreverent presentations of low-budget sci-fi and horror classics on WJW-TV captivated young viewers like Weldon, fostering his lifelong affinity for unconventional and exploitative cinema.^[31]^[32]^[5] In his late teens and early twenties, Weldon pursued music within Cleveland's burgeoning proto-punk scene, serving as the drummer for the garage punk band Mirrors during the 1970s; the group later reunited briefly from 1986 to 1988. Graduating from Lakewood High School in 1970, he balanced his creative interests by taking a job in 1975 at The Drome, a Cleveland Heights record store specializing in import and punk rock music, which connected him to the local underground arts community and sparked his transition toward film criticism. By the late 1970s, Weldon's immersion in cult films such as The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) and publications like Famous Monsters of Filmland had solidified his tastes, drawing him to the punk DIY ethic and directors like Roger Corman, Werner Herzog, Luis Buñuel, Jerry Lewis, and Ed Wood.^[33]^[6]^[32]^[5] Weldon's entry into writing came in 1979, when he began contributing film reviews to the Cleveland punk zine Cle, leveraging his encyclopedic knowledge of obscure movies to critique B-movies and genre fare for a niche audience. That same year, seeking broader creative opportunities, he relocated to New York City, where the 42nd Street grindhouse theaters further fueled his enthusiasm for psychotronic cinema. A self-taught film buff with a pronounced aversion to mainstream Hollywood snobbery, Weldon favored the raw, outsider energy of low-budget productions over polished blockbusters, a perspective that directly informed his subsequent ventures in publishing.^[5]^[31]^[32]

Career Milestones and Personal Ventures

In the early 1980s, Michael J. Weldon opened the original Psychotronic Video store in New York City's East Village, co-managed with his wife Mia, where it became a hub for cult film enthusiasts and attracted visitors like Quentin Tarantino.^[5] The store specialized in rare video rentals and memorabilia but closed in the early 1990s due to escalating rents in the neighborhood.^[34] Following this, the Weldons relocated and established a second iteration of the store on Chincoteague Island, Virginia, operating it for 13 years amid a quieter coastal setting that supported their focus on niche media sales.^[35] A pivotal professional milestone came in 1983 when Weldon secured a publishing deal with Ballantine Books for The Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film, which established his authority in the genre.^[36] This success led to the 1996 publication of The Psychotronic Video Guide to Film with St. Martin's Press, further solidifying his influence on psychotronic film scholarship.^[24] Weldon's expertise also earned him media recognition, including a prominent mention in Colson Whitehead's 2012 The New Yorker article "A Psychotronic Childhood," which highlighted his definition of psychotronic films as ranging from social commentary to trashy exploitation.^[15] In the 2020s, he appeared on podcasts such as Supporting Characters in 2022, discussing his career trajectory from music to film curation.^[32] Beyond publishing, Weldon pursued diverse roles, including as a drummer in the seminal Cleveland proto-punk band Mirrors during the 1970s, contributing to their raw, influential sound on tracks like early demos and live sets.^[37] He has participated in band reunions and maintained music contributions, blending his proto-punk roots with psychotronic interests through store-hosted events and personal collections. In 2012, the Weldons relocated once more, opening the current Psychotronic store at 859½ Broad Street in Augusta, Georgia, on November 19, shifting emphasis to rare VHS tapes, DVDs, vinyl records from the 1950s–1990s (such as Jimi Hendrix and Nirvana), comic books, and movie posters sourced from collectors and international contacts.^[35] The store remains in operation as of 2025.^[38] Post-2006, Weldon's focus centered on store management, with the Augusta location serving as a physical archive for psychotronic media amid the decline of physical formats, while he contributed occasional retrospectives and interviews.^[32] These ventures faced financial strains similar to earlier challenges, including high operational costs that prompted relocations and a pivot away from expansive publishing to sustainable retail.^[34]

Legacy and Cultural Impact

Influence on Cult Film Criticism

During the 1980s and 1990s, Psychotronic Video played a pivotal role in democratizing access to obscure cult and exploitation films through its detailed reviews, comprehensive lists, and encyclopedic coverage, enabling enthusiasts to discover and discuss titles that were otherwise overlooked by mainstream film criticism.^[39] Founded by Michael J. Weldon, the magazine and its companion Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film (1983) served as essential references, akin to Leonard Maltin's mainstream guides but focused on low-budget "psychotronic" cinema ranging from horror to sci-fi oddities.^[39] This accessibility fostered burgeoning fan communities, inspiring zines like Zontar and Subhuman, as well as conventions where collectors shared rare VHS tapes and memorabilia.^[39] The publication garnered significant endorsements from prominent figures in film and literature, elevating its status within cult appreciation circles. Quentin Tarantino, an early admirer and customer during his formative years, who visited Weldon's store and expressed interest in the magazine, while author Colson Whitehead reflected on its profound impact in his 2012 essay "A Psychotronic Childhood," describing how Weldon's encyclopedia guided his youthful immersion in B-movies and shaped his creative imagination.^[5]^[15] Entertainment Weekly praised it in 1991 as leading the crusade to revive B-movie appreciation through home video. Psychotronic Video's broader effects extended to legitimizing "trash" cinema as a legitimate object of study and enjoyment, challenging elitist dismissals by reframing exploitation filmmakers like Ed Wood as innovative auteurs rather than mere camp subjects.^[39] It influenced video store curation during the VHS boom, with chains like Blockbuster introducing dedicated sections for "bad" films inspired by such guides, and shaped late-night TV programming by highlighting titles suitable for syndicated reruns of sci-fi and horror oddities.^[39] By the 2000s, the magazine's impact was evident in academic film studies, where it was cited in scholarly works on paracinematic cultures and genre history, signaling a shift from underground zine to foundational resource.^[39] This mainstream recognition culminated in its integration into popular media, such as episodes of Mystery Science Theater 3000 (debuting 1988), which riffed on psychotronic staples and drew inspiration from resources like the encyclopedia, commercializing the subculture it helped nurture.^[39]

Modern Relevance and Digital Preservation

In the digital era from the 2010s to 2025, efforts to preserve Psychotronic Video magazine have accelerated through online accessibility. In 2017, the Austin Film Society announced that a complete run of the magazine's issues from 1980 to 2006 had been digitized by the Internet Archive and made freely available, providing high-quality scans that allow global access to its cult film coverage.^[40] Fan-driven initiatives have further supported preservation, with sites like the Internet Archive hosting downloadable PDFs of all 41 issues since at least 2017, ensuring long-term availability despite the magazine's print-only origins.^[12] Psychotronic Video's influence persists in contemporary media, particularly through streaming platforms that curate its signature genres of horror, exploitation, and low-budget sci-fi. Services like Shudder feature extensive libraries of psychotronic-style films, such as B-horror classics, in themed collections.^[41] Similarly, the Criterion Channel includes restorations and essays on cult cinema staples.^[42] Podcasts in the 2020s have revisited its legacy, including a 2022 episode of Supporting Characters interviewing founder Michael J. Weldon about the magazine's role in shaping fan appreciation for niche films.^[43] Recent discussions highlight ongoing archival interest without an official magazine revival. A 2020 Boing Boing article celebrated the digitized issues as a vital resource for cult film enthusiasts, underscoring their cultural value amid rising online nostalgia.^[1] In 2025, retrospectives like Balladeer's Blog examined Weldon's legacy, praising the magazine's enduring appeal to video store-era fans.^[44] Community-driven events fill this gap, with groups such as the Philadelphia Psychotronic Film Society hosting regular screenings of psychotronic films in 2025.^[45] In October 2025, events like Scarecrow Video's annual Psychotronic Challenge and the Psychotronix Film Festival continued to celebrate psychotronic films through viewing challenges and screenings.^[46]^[47] Post-2020 digital access has addressed previous gaps in availability, with platforms like the Internet Archive seeing increased usage for research and casual browsing of the full run.^[48] This coincides with cult film revivals on social media, where TikTok creators and YouTube channels like Psychotronic Films and Television share clips, reviews, and restorations of magazine-highlighted titles, introducing them to younger audiences.^[49] Looking ahead, Weldon's 2020s interviews, such as his 2022 Supporting Characters appearance, emphasize the magazine's lasting fanbase and potential for broader digital formats to sustain its influence.^[43]

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Apr 14, 2017 · Shudder's horror movie library leaves Netflix in the dust. Here are the 80 best films currently streaming on Shudder.
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Browse - The Criterion Channel
Classics and discoveries from around the world, thematically programmed with special features, on a streaming service brought to you by the Criterion ...All Films · Criterion 24/7 · From the Criterion Collection · The Films of Agnès Varda<|separator|>
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Episode 62: Michael J. Weldon - Apple Podcasts
Bill speaks to author and magazine publisher/editor Michael J. Weldon about his many endeavors, from drumming with Cleveland proto-punk act ...Missing: interview Yorker 2012
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PSYCHOTRONIC: MICHAEL WELDON'S LEGACY | Balladeer's Blog
May 9, 2025 · Psychotronic Video started in 1980 as a fanzine published and written by Cleveland record store employee Michael Weldon, who wrote film ...
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Philadelphia Psychotronic Film Society
We carry on the proud tradition set forth by Psychotronic Film Societies around the globe by screening cult/weirdo/trash films for the locally like-minded.Past Screenings · Upcoming Screenings · Psychotronic Awards · Contact
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(1980) to (2005) Issues 1-40 of Psychotronic Video Magazine (same ...
Oct 21, 2020 · Michael Weldon is the name of the writer and he still runs the Psychotronic now as a record and artifact store currently located in Augusta, GA.Essential reading in the 90s The Psychotronic Video Guide ... - RedditPsychotronic Video Guide listing for The Cave Dwellers. : r/MST3KMore results from www.reddit.comMissing: history | Show results with:history