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Qatar Rail

Qatar Rail is a state-owned established in 2011 by Emiri decree to oversee the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of Qatar's integrated rail network, encompassing urban metro systems, transit, freight corridors, and long-distance passenger lines connecting to the (GCC) countries. As part of the broader Qatar Integrated Rail Project (QIRP), the company aims to provide sustainable, efficient transport solutions aligned with , reducing reliance on road vehicles and supporting economic diversification. The flagship project under Qatar Rail is the , a driverless, automated system that began operations in May 2019 ahead of the . Currently featuring three operational lines—Red, , and —spanning approximately 76 kilometers with 37 stations, the metro serves key areas of and its suburbs, transporting over 100,000 passengers daily at speeds up to 100 km/h. Expansions are underway, including the Blue Line and extensions to the existing lines, with full network completion targeted for 2026, ultimately covering 230 kilometers and 95 stations. In August 2025, Qatar Rail introduced a 365-day Metropass offering unlimited rides across all lines, priced at QAR 990 for adults, to encourage greater public usage. Complementing the Doha Metro is the Lusail Light Rail Transit (LRT), a 32-kilometer network designed to serve the emerging Lusail City, a planned urban development north of Doha. Phase 1 (Orange Line with initial stations) became operational in 2022, followed by expansions including the Pink Line in 2024 and the Turquoise Line in January 2025, adding connectivity to Lusail Stadium and integrating with the Doha Metro at Lusail QNB station. The system employs catenary-free technology for aesthetic and environmental benefits, with capacity for up to 1,250 passengers per line per hour per direction. Qatar Rail's ambitions extend to freight and inter-regional connectivity through the GCC Railway Project, a 2,117-kilometer network linking Qatar to Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. 's segment includes an approximately 100-kilometer long-distance line for both passengers and freight, with construction phases planned through 2030 to handle up to 201 million tonnes of annual freight and support 6 million passengers regionally. As of late 2025, the railway project advances with recent approvals, including the Qatar-Saudi link in , and full Gulf connection expected by December 2030. Overall, these projects represent an investment exceeding $40 billion, positioning Qatar Rail as a pivotal enabler of the nation's sustainable mobility goals.

History

Establishment

Qatar Rail, officially known as the Qatar Railways Company, was established in as a state-owned fully owned by the Government of . The entity was created through an Emiri decree to oversee the development of the nation's rail infrastructure, reflecting Qatar's push to diversify its transportation systems amid rapid and economic expansion driven by the natural gas boom of the . Qatar Rail was established by Emiri Decree No. 37 of 2011 as a state-owned corporation responsible for the design, construction, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of the entire rail network and associated systems. This mandate positioned Qatar Rail as a central pillar in integrating rail transport into the country's broader infrastructure objectives, aligning with the Qatar National Vision 2030 to foster sustainable development and reduce reliance on roadways. Early planning for the rail network began with feasibility studies initiated in 2008, coinciding with preparations for hosting the , which accelerated the need for efficient mass transit solutions. These efforts built on the economic momentum from exports, enabling significant investments in modern transport to support Qatar's growing population and global ambitions.

Key Milestones

In 2012, Qatar Rail awarded major contracts for the construction and management of Phase 1 to international consortia, including a QAR 1.48 billion package to firms such as Jacobs Engineering Group for Red Line project management and the Louis Berger/Egis Rail consortium for the Gold Line. These agreements marked a pivotal step in advancing the integrated rail network, involving partnerships with global engineering experts to handle tunneling, stations, and infrastructure development. The Metro's preview service launched on May 8, 2019, with the Red Line's 13 stations from Al Qassar to becoming operational ahead of schedule to support the 2019 in . This rollout allowed public testing and familiarization, setting the stage for subsequent line openings later that year. By December 2019, the and Lines had also entered preview service, completing the three-line . Full commercial operations across all three lines resumed on September 1, 2020, following a temporary suspension due to restrictions, with services adapted to include 30% capacity limits, enhanced sanitation, and measures to ensure passenger safety. During the Qatar 2022 from November 20 to December 18, Rail integrated its network seamlessly with event venues, transporting 18.2 million passengers on and Lusail Tram services, including a peak daily record of over 827,000 riders on November 24. This surge, five times the normal patronage, highlighted the system's scalability and reliability under high demand. The Tram network expanded significantly in April 2024 with the opening of the Pink Line and completion of all Orange Line stations, adding 10.4 km of route and improving links to residential and commercial areas north of . Further enhancement came on January 6, 2025, with the inauguration of the , a 5.2 km loop connecting key points in Lusail City and facilitating direct interchanges with the at Legtaifiya station. In June 2025, Qatar Rail received the CIHT Decarbonisation Award 2025 for its innovative regenerative propulsion system in the . In August 2025, the Lusail Tram network surpassed 10 million passengers since its launch. Throughout its development, Qatar Rail navigated significant challenges, including delays from global disruptions and the that affected material procurement and construction timelines for extensions like the Lusail Tram, with most issues resolved by 2023 through localized sourcing and accelerated . Leadership's strategic oversight played a crucial role in overcoming these hurdles to meet operational deadlines.

Organization

Governance Structure

Qatar Rail is a state-owned company established in 2011 through Emiri Decree No. 39, with full ownership by the Government of Qatar and operational supervision under the Ministry of Transport. The company is governed by a composed primarily of government representatives, which oversees , direction, and major financial approvals to ensure alignment with national infrastructure goals. For instance, the board has historically been chaired by figures such as Ghanem bin Saad Al Saad, with vice-chair roles held by senior Qatari officials like Sheikh Saud bin Nasser Al Thani. Regulatory oversight for Qatar Rail is provided through Qatar's Railways Law (Law No. 11 of 2020), which establishes the framework for rail operations, safety standards, and infrastructure development, enforced by the Ministry of Transport. The company also adheres to international rail norms, collaborating with organizations like the (UIC) on safety protocols and standards. Qatar Rail engages in subsidiaries and partnerships to support project execution, including joint ventures for specialized management. A notable example is the collaboration with Hill International through joint ventures for consultancy on initiatives like the Lusail Tram and Green Line, where Hill holds significant stakes in the consortia. Another key partnership is the RKH Qitarat , involving Hamad Group and international operators like and RATP Dev, for the operation and maintenance of the and Lusail Tram over a 20-year period. The financial model for Qatar Rail relies primarily on allocations for core development and capital investments, supplemented by public-private partnerships (PPPs) for construction, operations, and maintenance contracts to leverage private sector expertise and efficiency. This structure supports broader alignment with by promoting sustainable transport infrastructure.

Leadership and Key Personnel

The leadership of Qatar Rail is headed by H.E. Dr. Abdulla bin Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Subaie, who serves as Managing Director and , as well as Chairman of the Executive Committee. Appointed Managing Director in March 2011 and elevated to CEO in January 2017, Al Subaie has overseen the organization's expansion amid Qatar's National Vision 2030, including the delivery of integrated rail . In addition to his role at Qatar Rail, he was appointed Minister of Environment and in January 2024, enabling alignment of rail projects with national sustainability goals. Key operational roles include Eng. Abdulla Saif Al-Sulaiti, Chief of Service Delivery, who manages daily network operations, passenger services, and performance optimization across the and Lusail Tram systems. Al-Sulaiti has contributed to enhancing service reliability, including during high-demand periods like major events. Another pivotal figure is Engr. Abdulrahman Ali Al Malik, Senior Director of Quality, Safety, Health, Environment, Security, and Emergency (QSHESE), responsible for embedding practices into rail development and operations. Under his oversight, Qatar Rail has pursued certifications for metro stations and reduced environmental impacts through energy-efficient designs. Al Subaie's tenure has been marked by accelerated project delivery, notably the completion of Doha Metro Phase 1 in May 2019 despite construction delays and logistical challenges, which established a foundational 76 km network with a design capacity for over 750,000 daily passengers at peak. His leadership was instrumental in Qatar Rail's role during the , where the network transported more than 18 million passengers across 64 matches with zero major incidents, earning international recognition for operational excellence. Post-2022, no major leadership reshuffles occurred at Qatar Rail, with the executive team refocusing on long-term expansions and sustainability amid stable governance. Al Subaie has also advanced regional integration discussions, supporting 's participation in (GCC) rail connectivity initiatives aimed at a unified network by 2030.

Rail Projects

Doha Metro

The Doha Metro is a system serving the in , featuring fully automated, driverless trains designed to enhance urban mobility. Planned to span approximately 230 km across four lines upon completion, it forms a core component of the Qatar Rail network, connecting key areas including the , central , and northern suburbs like . The system emphasizes efficiency and sustainability, with operations commencing in 2019 ahead of the . Phase 1 of the , completed in 2020, covers 76 km with 37 stations across three lines: the Red Line (18 stations running from the airport to ), the Green Line (along the coastal areas), and the Gold Line (linking cultural and educational sites). This phase was developed under the oversight of Qatar Rail, involving multiple and local consortia to deliver the infrastructure on schedule. The lines interconnect at key interchanges like Msheireb and , facilitating seamless transfers within the network. Technically, the metro incorporates a mix of underground and elevated tracks, with approximately 70% of Phase 1 consisting of underground sections bored using 21 tunnel boring machines to navigate the urban terrain. Trains are three-car sets supplied by and , each with a capacity of up to 560 passengers, and designed for potential expansion to four cars to meet growing demand. The system supports an initial daily capacity of around 200,000 passengers, with trains reaching speeds of 100 km/h, making it one of the fastest driverless metros in the region. Stations are equipped with modern features for user convenience, including integration with the Qatar Rail mobile app for real-time train tracking and journey planning. Accessibility is prioritized through universal design elements such as elevators at all platforms, tactile paths for visually impaired passengers, and level boarding for wheelchairs. The Doha Metro also connects briefly with the Lusail Tram to extend travel options in northern developments. Construction began in and cost approximately $17 billion for Phase 1, involving advanced to complete extensive tunneling and elevated viaducts amid Qatar's environment. The project utilized innovative methods like earth pressure balance tunnel boring machines to ensure safety and precision in the sandy subsurface conditions.

Lusail Tram

The Lusail Tram is a transit system designed to serve City, a planned urban development north of projected to accommodate over 200,000 residents. The network spans 19 kilometers with four lines—Orange, Pink, Purple, and Turquoise—and 25 stations, of which 10 are underground and 15 at-grade. It connects key districts within Lusail, facilitating efficient mobility for residents, workers, and visitors in this emerging . The system's design emphasizes accessibility and cultural integration, featuring 100% low-floor X05 trams measuring 32 meters in length, each accommodating up to 209 passengers across standard and family classes. These trams operate using a catenary-free system with (Alstom APS) on at-grade sections and draw aesthetic inspiration from traditional Qatari boats, with exteriors in white and blue hues. Stations incorporate blended with Qatari heritage elements, such as motifs from textiles, , and engravings, creating visually distinctive spaces that enhance the passenger experience. Development progressed in phases, with initial operations commencing on January 1, 2022, along a six-station segment of the Orange Line. In April 2024, the network expanded with the full opening of the Orange Line and the addition of the Pink Line, increasing connectivity across central . The latest phase, completed on January 6, 2025, introduced the Turquoise Line, linking waterfront areas and completing the Purple Line integration for comprehensive coverage. The Tram has a daily capacity of up to 50,000 passengers, supported by a fleet of 28 operated under a 20-year concession by RKH Qitarat, a involving Qatar Rail and international partners including . Construction was led by a featuring for and systems integration, alongside Qatar Rail oversight, ensuring alignment with sustainable urban transport goals. Unique to the system is its emphasis on eco-friendly operations and seamless integration into Lusail's framework, including waterfront routes that promote access to coastal developments and intermodal connectivity. It also provides brief linkages to the at shared stations like Lusail and Legtaifiya for broader regional travel.

Long-Distance Rail Network

The Long-Distance Rail Network in Qatar forms a key component of the national transportation infrastructure, designed to enhance inter-city connectivity and freight logistics across the country. Phase 1 of the project encompasses approximately 143 kilometers of railway track under construction extending from Doha to the northern border area near Al Ruwais, incorporating both passenger and freight lines as part of a broader national system planned to span approximately 350 kilometers in total length. This initial phase includes one major passenger station, three dedicated freight yards, and an intermodal yard to facilitate seamless cargo transfer. In July 2025, Qatar's Cabinet approved the initiative, aligning with the GCC Railway Project for completion by December 2030. The network employs standard-gauge tracks measuring 1,435 mm to ensure compatibility with the (GCC) railway standards, enabling future cross-border integration with neighboring countries such as and . Passenger services are engineered for speeds up to 200 km/h, promoting efficient regional travel, while freight lines are optimized for heavy industrial loads with robust infrastructure including 34 mainline turnouts and supporting bridges. This design prioritizes reliability and scalability, with dedicated corridors to avoid urban congestion and support Qatar's economic diversification. Development of the is structured across four phases, with enabling works commencing in to prepare land acquisition and preliminary engineering. Phase 1 construction advanced through design-build contracts awarded in the mid-2010s, targeting operational completion by 2025 to align with national infrastructure goals, though timelines have faced adjustments due to regional dynamics. Subsequent phases aim for full network rollout by 2030, incorporating extensions to key industrial areas such as in the south and in the west, thereby linking major population centers and resource hubs. Freight operations are a of the network, projected to handle up to 11 million tonnes of annually upon completion, bolstering Qatar's industrial zones by transporting goods like and construction materials more efficiently than . services will complement this by offering comfortable inter-city options, reducing reliance on air and travel for domestic routes. The total investment for the long-distance network is estimated at $25 billion, with $20.3 billion allocated specifically to core development such as tracks, signaling, and yards. This substantial funding underscores Qatar's commitment to as part of the GCC-wide ambitions.

Operations

Current Network and Services

The current network of Qatar Rail integrates the and as its primary operational services, forming a cohesive urban rail system connecting and . The spans approximately 76 kilometers across three lines (Red, Green, and Gold) with 37 stations, while the Lusail Tram covers 19 kilometers over four lines with 25 stations, yielding a combined operational length of about 95 kilometers and roughly 60 unique stations after accounting for shared interchanges. This network serves approximately 150,000 daily passengers, facilitating efficient mobility for residents, workers, and visitors in key areas including the city center, cultural districts, and Lusail's waterfront developments. In January 2025, the Turquoise Line of the opened, enhancing connectivity to and integrating with the at Lusail QNB station. services operate from 5:30 AM to midnight Saturday through Wednesday, with extensions to 2:00 AM on Thursdays and from 5:00 AM to 2:00 AM on Fridays; trains run at frequencies of 3 minutes during peak hours and up to 15 minutes off-peak. The follows a comparable timetable, typically from 6:00 AM to 11:00 PM, with seamless integration across both systems enabled by the official Qatar Rail , which allows users to plan routes, check real-time arrivals, and purchase tickets for combined journeys. Multilingual announcements in and English, along with digital displays, ensure accessibility for travelers. The network's 60 stations feature modern amenities designed for comfort and safety, including free throughout platforms and trains, fully air-conditioned waiting areas to combat the , advanced systems with and personnel presence, and clear signage in multiple languages. These facilities support high-volume usage, with the system handling a peak of approximately 827,000 passengers on during the —far exceeding normal operations—and stabilizing at around 150,000 daily riders as of 2025 as post-event demand settled. To ensure reliability, Qatar Rail maintains 24/7 operations backed by automated signaling and train control systems, achieving over 99% on-time and minimal disruptions. Access to these services is streamlined through a unified fares and ticketing system using contactless cards compatible across the network.

Fares, Ticketing, and

Qatar Rail's fare system for the and Lusail Tram operates on a per-journey basis, with standard class fares starting at QR 2 per ride and a daily cap of QR 6 for unlimited travel after the third journey. Gold class fares are QR 10 per ride, capped at QR 30 daily, providing enhanced comfort in dedicated carriages. This structure ensures affordability for frequent commuters while encouraging use across the integrated network. Ticketing options emphasize convenience and contactless payments, including the rechargeable & Travel Card, available for an initial QR 10 fee and topped up via vending machines at stations, licensed retailers such as Al Meera and Lulu Hypermarket, or online through the Qatar Rail website and . The Karwa Smartcard, issued by Mowasalat, also supports seamless payments across rail, bus, and metrolink services, with top-up values ranging from QR 10 to QR 200 via the Karwa or designated stations. Family-oriented features include free travel for children under 5 years old, while those aged 5 and above pay adult fares but must be accompanied by an adult if under 9; dedicated family carriages offer reserved spaces for groups. Accessibility is a core design principle, with all 37 Doha Metro stations featuring barrier-free entry through elevators, escalators, and ramps, alongside tactile floor markings for visually impaired users and audio announcements in and English. Priority seating and wheelchair spaces are available in every carriage, complemented by wheelchair-accessible restrooms at stations; the Lusail Tram similarly provides level boarding, audio guidance, and wheelchair-friendly platforms. Women and children areas within family carriages further enhance inclusive travel, ensuring priority for vulnerable passengers. The system promotes multimodal integration, allowing a single travel card to cover journeys on the Doha Metro, Lusail Tram, metrolink feeder buses, and select partnerships with Karwa taxis and buses for seamless transfers without additional ticketing. This unified approach, supported by the Qatar Rail app for route planning and real-time updates, facilitates efficient connections, such as free metrolink rides within 2-5 km of stations when using a valid card. In August 2025, Qatar Rail introduced the 365-day for QR 990, offering unlimited standard class rides on the and , with an promotion providing a 20% discount for pre-bookings until August 31, redeemable in September at station offices. This pass aligns with ongoing efforts to adjust pricing for economic factors, maintaining the base structure amid 2025's stable operations.

Future Developments

Phase Expansions

The Phase Expansions of Qatar Rail focus on extending urban and national rail infrastructure to meet growing demand within the country. Key initiatives include enhancements to the , Tram, and Long-Distance Rail Network, with an emphasis on and to support efficient and freight movement. Metro's Phase 2 introduces the Blue Line, a semi-circular route spanning approximately 17.5 km with 14 stations, designed to connect key areas including West Bay and Terminal 2. This expansion is scheduled for completion by 2026, adding to the existing network's capacity and improving access to southern and western districts such as and through strategic linkages. The project incorporates advanced systems to ensure seamless operations alongside the Red, Green, and Gold Lines. Lusail Tram enhancements continue post-2025 to achieve full network coverage, building on the expansion that opened the Pink Line and completed all Orange Line stations, bringing the total to 25 operational stations across four lines spanning approximately 19 km. Planned additions aim for 37 stations overall and a total length of 28 km, with further station developments to enhance connectivity to interchanges at Lusail QNB and Legtaifiya, facilitating integrated urban mobility in the Lusail . The Long-Distance Rail Phase 1, with construction revived following recent approvals in 2025, encompasses 143 km of track, one passenger station, three freight yards, an intermodal yard, and supporting infrastructure such as 59 bridges and 36 culverts. This phase prioritizes freight and passenger services at speeds up to 200 km/h, with operations expected by 2030 to integrate domestic lines with broader Gulf networks. These expansions are supported by a budget exceeding $10 billion, part of the broader $35 billion Qatar Integrated Rail Project, with key tenders awarded in 2024 for signaling, , and facilities to enable automation upgrades across new lines. Implementation timelines align with , targeting phased openings from 2025 to 2026. Challenges in these expansions include resolving supply chain disruptions stemming from the 2017-2021 blockade, the , and preparations, which addressed through simplified customs procedures and diversified trade routes. Workforce training remains critical, with programs delivered to over 5,600 staff and partners in 2021-2022 on , , and operational skills to prepare for automated systems and expanded services.

Regional Integration

Qatar Rail is integral to the () Railway project, a ambitious initiative to create a unified 2,117-kilometer network connecting the six member states—, , , , , and the —facilitating seamless passenger and freight transport across the region by 2030. Qatar's segment will link directly to 's existing Dammam-Ghuwaifat rail line, enabling broader connectivity from to key Gulf hubs and beyond. The cross-border plans involve constructing a dedicated passenger and freight route extending over 100 kilometers from to Abu Samra on the Qatar-Saudi Arabia border, where it will integrate with Saudi Arabia's infrastructure. This extension forms a critical link in the overall network, designed to support high-speed operations and efficient cargo movement while adhering to international rail standards for . Key agreements underpinning this integration include the Qatari Cabinet's approval in October 2025 of a draft rail link agreement with , building on earlier diplomatic commitments from 2022 to resume joint development following the restoration of bilateral ties. Broader coordination efforts also address technical harmonization, such as standardized track gauges (primarily 1,435 mm) and signaling systems, through multilateral frameworks involving the UAE and other members to ensure smooth cross-border operations. These pacts emphasize collaborative planning to overcome historical challenges like varying national rail specifications. The integration promises substantial benefits, including a reduction in cross-border road traffic by shifting freight and passenger volumes to , thereby enhancing safety and efficiency, while boosting regional trade through streamlined capable of handling millions of tons of cargo annually. As of , feasibility studies for Qatar's portion have been completed, with funding secured as part of the of 's 2025-2030, which allocates over QAR 1.2 billion across 125 projects to position as a regional hub and support the first operational GCC cross-border segments by 2030.

Impact and Sustainability

Alignment with Qatar National Vision 2030

Qatar Rail serves as a cornerstone of the transport pillar within the (QNV 2030), which seeks to foster sustainable economic diversification by reducing reliance on hydrocarbons and building a knowledge-based economy. By developing an integrated rail network, including the and Lusail Tram, Qatar Rail facilitates efficient mobility that supports broader , enabling sectors like , , and to expand without over-dependence on traditional resources. This infrastructure investment aligns with QNV 2030's emphasis on modernizing to drive non-hydrocarbon contributions to GDP, targeting an average annual growth of 3.4% in this area through strategic diversification clusters as of 2025. A key aspect of this alignment is the prioritization of participation, with approximately 70% of the value of Qatar Rail contracts awarded to companies, thereby strengthening domestic capabilities and as outlined in QNV 2030's human goals. These initiatives have generated thousands of job opportunities, particularly in and operations, contributing to workforce and Qatarization efforts that aim to empower nationals in a competitive economy. In terms of urban development, Qatar Rail addresses congestion in —a city with a population of around 2.8 million—by promoting a shift from private vehicles to , in line with QNV 2030's objectives for sustainable . The network contributes to the national target of increasing public transport's modal share, with the Qatar Public Transport Master Plan envisioning a significant rise to support reduced . Integration with key facilities, such as the dedicated metro station at , enhances connectivity for residents, workers, and visitors, facilitating seamless access and bolstering 's role as a regional hub. Progress evaluations from 2020 to demonstrate Qatar Rail's alignment with QNV 2030 targets, evidenced by robust ridership growth that reflects increasing public adoption of rail services. For instance, the has seen steady expansion in usage post-launch, while the Lusail Tram reached 10 million passengers by mid-, indicating an average annual growth trajectory that supports the vision's and goals. This upward trend in ridership underscores the network's role in achieving outcomes.

Environmental and Social Initiatives

Qatar Rail has implemented several green practices to minimize its environmental impact, including the deployment of energy-efficient trains equipped with systems that recapture up to 46% of traction during deceleration, thereby reducing overall . These trains contribute to significant CO2 savings by shifting commuters from private vehicles to public . Additionally, the company provides a Passenger Journey Carbon Calculator on its official website, allowing users to estimate and compare the CO2 emissions of versus other modes of transportation, promoting informed choices for lower-emission journeys. Several metro stations have achieved Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification, underscoring Qatar Rail's commitment to sustainable building practices; for instance, Msheireb Station earned LEED Gold status for its use of eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient lighting, and features. Other stations, including , , and , have also received LEED certification, integrating natural through large windows and advanced ventilation systems to lower operational energy use. In recognition of these efforts, Qatar Rail received a Highly Commended in the Worldwide Operator of the Year category at the 2024 Global Awards, highlighting its advancements in sustainable urban transport, and the CIHT 2025 Decarbonisation for regenerative propulsion innovations in the . On the social front, Qatar Rail supported community outreach during the 2022 FIFA World Cup by offering free rides to holders of official accreditations, including volunteers, from November 10 to December 23, facilitating accessible transport for event participants and staff. The FIFA World Cup volunteer program further extended free public transportation benefits to selected participants via a dedicated Qatar Rail travel card, enhancing inclusivity for those contributing to the tournament. To promote workforce development aligned with national goals, Qatar Rail engages in training programs for Qatari nationals, though specific localization rates vary across sectors. Inclusivity features include dedicated family sections in metro carriages reserved for women traveling alone and families, providing safer and more comfortable spaces amid mixed-gender standard cars. Qatar Rail has also collaborated with the Ministry of on health and campaigns, leveraging reduced emissions from rail usage to advocate for public health benefits such as improved air quality and lower pollution-related illnesses. These initiatives contribute to broader objectives, including those outlined in the Qatar National Vision 2030.

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