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Sagamore Farm

Sagamore Farm is a historic 525-acre horse breeding and training estate in Reisterstown, , established in 1925 by pharmaceutical magnate Isaac Emerson as a for his and later developed into one of the nation's premier racing operations under owner Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr. The farm gained international fame during Vanderbilt's tenure from 1933 to 1986, when it became a leading center for breeding champions, including the legendary Hall of Fame stallion , known as the "Gray Ghost" for his unbeaten streak in 21 of 22 starts and his profound influence on modern bloodlines as a sire of numerous stakes winners. Other notable horses bred or housed there included Hall of Famers and Bed o' Roses, contributing to Sagamore's reputation for producing winners and victors. In 2007, founder acquired the property for approximately $5 million and revived its operations, breeding and racing horses that earned millions in purses, such as the Grade III winner Paid Up Subscriber. However, in 2020, Plank announced the farm's exit from active to focus on agricultural production for his Sagamore Spirit whiskey brand, though limited activities continued. As of November 2025, the estate—featuring a 16,767-square-foot main residence, renovated barns, a training track, and paddocks—is listed for sale at $18.5 million, with owner pitching the state of to acquire it as a public facility, reflecting its evolution from a racing powerhouse to a luxurious historic property in the preserved Worthington Valley. The farm remains a key site in 's equine heritage, designated within the ' Worthington Valley Multiple Resource Area for its architectural and agricultural significance.

Overview

Location and Founding

Sagamore Farm is situated on Belmont Avenue in , approximately 20 miles northwest of , encompassing approximately 526 acres of historic farmland in Baltimore County. The property lies in the rolling countryside known as Maryland's Horse Country, providing ideal terrain for activities with its mix of pastures, woodlands, and open fields. The farm was established in 1925 by Isaac Edward Emerson, a prominent Baltimore industrialist and the inventor of the popular headache remedy Bromo-Seltzer, which built his considerable fortune. Emerson assembled the initial holdings by acquiring multiple parcels of land in the area, creating a dedicated estate intended as a gift to his daughter, socialite Margaret Emerson. Emerson envisioned Sagamore Farm as a premier breeding and training operation, outfitting it with essential infrastructure such as stables, paddocks, and training facilities to support high-quality husbandry from the outset. This foundational setup reflected his ambition to establish a leading center in the mid-Atlantic region, leveraging the area's agricultural heritage. In 1933, following Margaret Emerson's wishes, the farm transitioned to her son, Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr.

Significance in Thoroughbred Racing

Sagamore Farm has long served as a pivotal center for American Thoroughbred breeding and racing, earning international acclaim as a premier facility for developing elite bloodstock that has shaped the industry's genetic landscape. Established as a hub for innovative breeding practices, the farm produced influential sires and broodmares whose progeny extended its legacy across global racing circuits, with descendants contributing to the pedigrees of numerous modern champions. For instance, Native Dancer, bred and raced under the farm's banner, sired lines that appear in approximately 75 percent of contemporary Thoroughbreds, underscoring Sagamore's enduring genetic footprint. This role solidified the farm's status as a cornerstone of East Coast racing prestige, attracting elite ownership and fostering advancements in equine husbandry. In Maryland's equine sector, Sagamore Farm plays a vital part in sustaining the state's robust horse industry, which generates over $2.9 billion in annual economic impact and supports 28,434 jobs (as of 2022) through , , and related activities. As one of the region's most iconic operations, it bolsters local economies by providing employment in farm management, veterinary care, and equestrian events, while enhancing Maryland's reputation as a leading hub tied to historic venues like . Culturally, the farm symbolizes excellence and tradition in American racing, drawing visitors and enthusiasts to its facilities and contributing to the prestige of Maryland's equine heritage through high-profile programs and community engagement. The farm's long-term legacy reflects its evolution from a dedicated breeding powerhouse to a diversified enterprise, adapting to contemporary demands while preserving its racing roots. Under recent stewardship, has expanded into rye whiskey production via Sagamore Spirit, utilizing the farm's limestone-rich spring water for distillation and cultivating grains on-site to support Maryland's craft beverage sector. As of 2025, the property is listed for sale at $18.5 million, with owner proposing its acquisition by the state of to establish a public training facility. This multifaceted approach not only sustains the property's viability but also bridges equine traditions with modern agricultural innovation, ensuring the farm's continued influence in 's broader rural economy.

History

Early Years and Emerson Ownership (1925–1933)

Isaac Emerson, a prominent pharmaceutical magnate best known as the inventor of the popular headache remedy , founded Sagamore Farm in 1925 as a and racing operation in Glyndon, Maryland. Emerson assembled the property specifically as a gift for his daughter, Margaret Emerson Vanderbilt, reflecting his interest in establishing a legacy in the equine industry. Under Emerson's initial oversight, the farm began operations focused on breeding and training, laying the groundwork for its future prominence in the sport. Margaret played an active role in the farm's early management, maintaining a small of horses there during the late and early 1930s. Following Emerson's death in 1931, Margaret inherited the property and, in 1933, bequeathed Sagamore Farm to her son, Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr., on his 21st birthday, marking the transition to the next phase of its development.

Vanderbilt Era (1933–1986)

In 1933, inherited Sagamore Farm on his 21st birthday from his mother, Margaret Emerson Vanderbilt, who had developed the property as a gift from her father, Isaac Emerson, the inventor of . As a scion of the prominent —his father, , had perished in the 1915 —young Vanderbilt brought immense wealth and a deep passion for to the estate. He quickly transformed the approximately 500-acre farm into a cornerstone of his equestrian pursuits, serving as owner and president of , a leader in the , and a member of the , leveraging his influence to elevate the sport's prestige. Under Vanderbilt's stewardship, Sagamore Farm underwent significant expansions to support advanced breeding and training operations, including the construction of specialized stallion barns and additional infrastructure to accommodate growing herds of elite bloodstock. A pivotal development came in 1941, when Vanderbilt partnered with Walter P. Chrysler Jr. to import Bahram, the 1935 English Triple Crown winner, as a cornerstone stallion for the farm's breeding program. Further enhancing the roster, a syndicate led by Vanderbilt acquired the 1966 Kentucky Derby and Preakness winner Kauai King to stand at stud, bolstering Sagamore's reputation for housing top-tier sires. These importations exemplified Vanderbilt's strategy of blending international talent with domestic lines, fostering a self-sustaining operation that prioritized quality over quantity. The 1940s and 1950s marked the zenith of Sagamore Farm's breeding output, as it emerged as an internationally acclaimed facility under Vanderbilt's hands-on management, producing generations of champions and attracting global attention. During this era, the farm's yearlings and foals routinely fetched high prices at auctions, reflecting the success of pairings involving stallions like and broodmares of exceptional pedigree, with output peaking amid post-World War II demand for elite Thoroughbreds. Notably, , bred and raised at Sagamore Farm after foaling in in 1950 and unbeaten in 21 of 22 starts, including victories in the 1953 Preakness and , epitomized the farm's prowess as a leading broodmare and stallion hub. Key events underscored Sagamore's integration into Vanderbilt's broader racing empire, including his orchestration of the historic 1938 match race at between and , which drew national acclaim and highlighted his network's role in staging marquee competitions. The farm's prestige reached royal heights when Queen Elizabeth II stabled a broodmare there during its heyday, symbolizing Sagamore's status as a world-class venue. By the mid-1980s, as Vanderbilt advanced in years—he died on November 12, 1999—the operation remained a thriving entity until its sale in 1986.

Post-Vanderbilt Decline and Sale (1986–2007)

In December 1986, Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr. sold Sagamore Farm, then comprising 575 acres, to Baltimore-area developer James Ward III. Ward initially explored continuing limited but faced restrictions and community opposition to subdivision plans, leading to partial preservation of the site's elements while equine activities dwindled to near dormancy. Over the next two decades, the farm remained largely idle, its fields untended and structures further weathered, until a new owner acquired it in 2007. The 1980s brought broader economic pressures to the sector, including a softening market for stock and the 1986 Tax Reform Act, which eliminated many tax advantages for horse farm investments and accelerated the decline of smaller operations like Sagamore. These factors resulted in minimal maintenance; by the mid-1980s, the farm's once-manicured fields had become overgrown with weeds, and its historic barns and fences showed signs of deterioration from neglect. The property's , including aging stallion barns and facilities, fell into disrepair without the resources for , marking a stark contrast to its Vanderbilt-era prominence.

Plank Revival and Modern Era (2007–Present)

In 2007, , the founder and CEO of , acquired Sagamore Farm for $4.99 million, driven by his deep-rooted pride in Maryland's heritage and a passion for revitalizing the state's industry, which he viewed as declining. Plank spearheaded extensive revitalization efforts, investing over $20 million in renovations to restore the historic and transform the into a modern operation. The farm reopened as an active breeding and training facility in 2010, marking the launch of Sagamore Racing, and established key partnerships, including with Hall of Fame trainer Graham Motion to oversee horse development. A highlight of this era came in November 2010, when Sagamore Farm's Shared Account, trained by Motion, secured a dramatic victory in the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf at , defeating the heavily favored in a photo finish and earning $1.08 million for the 46-1 longshot. By 2020, however, Plank shifted the farm's focus away from active breeding and racing toward agricultural production, dedicating fields to growing corn and rye grain to supply his Sagamore Spirit distillery in while retaining facilities for retired horses. As of 2025, Sagamore Farm maintains blended operations, combining grain cultivation for whiskey production—sourcing 50-60% of Sagamore Spirit's from on-site harvests—with equine care for its retired Thoroughbreds, preserving its dual role in Maryland's agricultural and landscapes. The property supports through occasional tours and events highlighting its history and current uses. It was listed for sale in February 2025 at $22 million, with the price reduced to $18.5 million by May, and remains unsold; in 2025, Plank pitched the 400-acre estate to state officials for potential purchase as a public facility amid ongoing discussions for Maryland's .

Notable Horses and Achievements

Prominent Stallions and Broodmares

Sagamore Farm's breeding program, particularly under Alfred G. Vanderbilt's ownership from 1933 to 1981, relied heavily on select stallions to establish durable bloodlines combining stamina and speed. , acquired by in 1933, served as the farm's foundational sire, standing at stud from 1936 until his death in 1958 at age 27. By out of , produced 26 stakes winners from 363 named foals, including the champion mare Conniver and durable campaigner Find, who earned over $800,000 in 110 starts. His greater impact came as a broodmare sire, with daughters serving as dams of influential sires like and , embedding his lines deeply into modern pedigrees. Native Dancer, known as the "Gray Ghost," further elevated Sagamore's stallion roster in the 1950s and 1960s. A homebred foaled at the farm in 1950 by Polynesian out of (by ), he stood at Sagamore from 1955 until 1967, siring 44 stakes winners such as (leading sire multiple years) and Kentucky Derby winner Kauai King. 's descendants, including grandson via his daughter Natalma, dominate contemporary racing, with his influence appearing in roughly 75% of all Thoroughbreds in . Key broodmares at Sagamore reinforced these sire lines, producing champions that sustained the farm's legacy. Geisha, a Sagamore-bred mare by out of Miyako (by John P. Grier), produced despite her modest racing record of one win in 11 starts, highlighting Vanderbilt's strategy of selective pairing for genetic potential. Similarly, Miss Disco, another daughter foaled at Sagamore in 1944, became Broodmare of the Year in 1958 after producing , whose progeny included and further propagated stamina-oriented bloodlines. These mares exemplified the farm's focus during the Vanderbilt era on blending speed from lines like Polynesian with the endurance of , a that yielded versatile offspring contributing to Sagamore's enduring pedigrees.

Key Race Winners and Events

Sagamore Farm's horses achieved numerous high-profile victories during the Vanderbilt era, particularly through Alfred G. Vanderbilt's stable, which produced standout performers like and . , a key foundation horse, excelled as a weight carrier in the 1930s, securing multiple stakes wins including the 1933 Brooklyn Handicap and setting earnings records for his era with $195,287 in purses. 's campaigns from 1952 to 1953 epitomized the farm's racing prowess; after an undefeated juvenile season, he captured the by a head and the by a neck in 1953, amassing 21 wins in 22 starts and earnings of $785,240, though a muddy defeat prevented a . These successes contributed to Vanderbilt's breeding of 77 stakes winners overall, underscoring Sagamore's influence on pursuits and major East Coast races. A pivotal tied to Vanderbilt's was the orchestration of the 1938 match race between and at , where he served as president; while not racing Sagamore horses directly, this spectacle—resulting in Seabiscuit's four-length victory—highlighted Vanderbilt's promotional role in and bolstered the farm's reputation through his broader stable operations. In the modern era under Kevin Plank's ownership since 2007, Sagamore Farm revived its racing legacy with key triumphs, including Shared Account's upset victory in the 2010 Filly & Mare Turf at , where she edged defending champion by a neck as a 46-1 longshot, earning $1,080,000 and marking the farm's first win. More recently, Global Campaign delivered a wire-to-wire win in the 2020 Woodward Stakes (G1) at , fending off challengers to claim $300,000 and solidify Sagamore's return to Grade 1 success. Other notable Plank-era winners include Paid Up Subscriber, a Grade III victor who contributed to the farm's millions in earnings. These events, alongside cumulative stakes victories exceeding 100 across eras, reflect the farm's enduring impact on elite competition.

Hall of Fame Inductees

Sagamore Farm has produced three horses inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, each recognized for exceptional racing careers and lasting influence on Thoroughbred breeding. Native Dancer, a grey stallion foaled in 1950 and bred at the farm, was inducted in 1963 for his near-perfect record of 21 wins in 22 starts, including victories in the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes, and his role as a leading sire whose progeny dominated American racing for decades. Discovery, a bay stallion foaled in 1931 and acquired by the farm in 1933, earned induction in 1969 as a champion handicap horse who carried heavy weights to victories in major races like the 1935 Havre de Grace Handicap, while siring influential offspring such as Native Dancer. Bed o' Roses, a bay filly foaled in 1947 and bred at Sagamore, was honored in 1976 for her dual championships as a juvenile in 1949 and older female in 1951, with 18 wins including the 1951 Matron Stakes, contributing to the farm's legacy through her competitive prowess despite a brief broodmare career. These inductions reflect the Hall of Fame's criteria of superior on-track performance, such as multiple graded stakes wins and weight-carrying ability, combined with breeding impact that advanced the sport's genetics and produced subsequent champions. While formal induction ceremonies occur annually in , Sagamore Farm has hosted tributes through guided tours highlighting these horses' achievements during the Vanderbilt and Plank eras. The farm's broader recognition of its Hall of Fame inductees centers on a dedicated champions' established by Alfred G. Vanderbilt in the 1930s, where , , and Bed o' Roses are among 12 buried horses, each grave marked by simple headstones preserving their legacies. Since Kevin Plank's 2007 acquisition, the 530-acre property has maintained and restored these gravesites as part of public tours, ensuring the site's historical integrity and educational value for visitors interested in heritage.

Facilities and Operations

Historical Infrastructure

Sagamore Farm was established in 1925 by Isaac Emerson on approximately 580 acres of prime pastureland in Glyndon, , featuring initial infrastructure that included basic barns for housing horses, multiple paddocks for grazing, and rudimentary training areas to support a modest operation. Under Emerson's ownership through 1933, the facilities emphasized open fields and essential enclosures, with 12 paddocks and three turnout fields providing ample space for early equine activities. Following the farm's transfer to Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr. in 1933, significant expansions transformed it into a world-class breeding and training center, particularly during the 1930s and 1950s. Vanderbilt oversaw the construction of the iconic 90-stall oval training , which enclosed a quarter-mile interior dirt track designed for year-round exercise regardless of weather conditions, enabling efficient preparation of racehorses like . Additional developments included three broodmare barns for pregnant and nursing mares, a dedicated , a stud barn serving as the core of the stallion complex for breeding operations, and a seven-stall isolation to quarantine horses as needed. These enhancements, combined with ongoing paddock maintenance, supported a peak operational capacity that housed up to 70 full-time staff across 20 buildings. A notable feature added during Vanderbilt's tenure was the horse , established in the as a dedicated burial ground for elite Thoroughbreds, where 12 champions—including Discovery, Bed o' Roses, and —were interred with simple gray markers denoting their names and dates. This site underscored the farm's reverence for its equine legacies. The facilities reached their zenith in condition and functionality during the mid-20th century under Vanderbilt's meticulous oversight, earning Sagamore recognition as Maryland's premier horse farm with state-of-the-art infrastructure that influenced regional breeding standards. Following Vanderbilt's death in 1981 and the subsequent sale to developer James Ward in 1986, maintenance declined as development plans stalled amid local opposition, leading to visible deterioration of barns, tracks, and paddocks by the late 1980s and into the early 2000s.

Current Developments and Uses

Since its revival under Kevin Plank's ownership, Sagamore Farm has undergone extensive renovations to blend historical preservation with modern functionality. In the 2010s, the farm restored its signature 90-stall , an oval-shaped historic structure enclosing a quarter-mile indoor track originally designed for year-round . This project, overseen by a Washington, D.C.-based architect specializing in properties, updated the while retaining its architectural integrity from the era. Complementing these efforts, other key buildings received restorations, including the complete rebuild of the broodmare in 2018, which features enhanced ventilation through open stall fronts and separate access doors for efficient maintenance. In 2020, Sagamore Farm pivoted its operations from intensive breeding and to diversified , primarily cultivating corn and rye grains to support the onsite Sagamore Spirit distillery. This transition repurposed much of the approximately 530-acre property for crop production, with non-GMO corn from the farm supplying approximately 10% of the distillery's needs starting in 2022, emphasizing local sourcing to minimize environmental impact. Although full-scale breeding ceased, the renovated facilities now accommodate limited and housing for horses owned by external partners, preserving the farm's role in Maryland's community. The farm integrates into its current practices, drawing on the natural limestone-filtered spring water from a 1909 for distillery operations and employing eco-friendly grain farming methods such as non-GMO cultivation to reduce chemical inputs and support . As of 2025, Sagamore Farm provides public access through guided and seasonal events, allowing visitors to explore its agricultural fields, historic structures, and equestrian while learning about its evolution into a multifaceted operation. As of November 2025, Plank has proposed selling the farm to the state of to develop it as a public training center.

Racing Legacy

Racing Silks

The racing silks of Sagamore Farm during the era consisted of a white jacket adorned with three cerise (cherry-red) diamonds, paired with a white cap, a design that became synonymous with the farm's operations from the 1930s through the 1980s. These silks were prominently featured on champion horses such as , who carried them to victory in major races including the 1953 and , establishing their visibility in history. The silks symbolized the prestige and elegance associated with Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr.'s ownership, reflecting the family's aristocratic legacy in American sport while adorning the farm's equine in a manner that made them instantly recognizable on the track. They appeared in numerous iconic photographs and memorabilia from the mid-20th century, capturing moments of triumph that underscored Sagamore Farm's golden age. Under Kevin Plank's ownership beginning in 2007, the silks maintained continuity with the tradition through a modified design incorporating three cerise diamonds on a deep background, a subtle update that honored the farm's heritage while aligning with Plank's vision for revival. This iteration was used on Sagamore horses competing in contemporary races, preserving the emblem's role as a marker of the farm's enduring identity in .

Influence on Maryland Racing

Sagamore Farm's revival under Plank's ownership since 2007 played a pivotal role in reenergizing 's industry, which had faced decline in the early . By investing millions in renovations and establishing Sagamore Racing, the farm contributed to a broader economic uptick, with the state's equine sector generating $1.15 billion annually by 2017—a 23% increase from —through activities including , training, and related jobs. Plank's efforts helped restore the farm as a key player in bloodstock sales and events, fostering local employment in Worthington Valley and supporting the industry's green economic footprint, estimated at over $600 million in impact during the . The farm bolstered Maryland's racing scene through strategic partnerships and sponsorships with major tracks. Sagamore Racing sponsored high-profile stakes races such as the Native Dancer Stakes at Park and the Pimlico Special (G3) at , enhancing event prestige and drawing attention to local racing traditions. These initiatives, extended via Sagamore Spirit branding to races like the Sprint (G3), promoted community engagement and stabilized operations at and amid industry challenges. By 2019, Sagamore led all breeders in earnings, amplifying the state's competitive standing through sales of promising yearlings that fueled regional bloodstock markets. On a national scale, Sagamore Farm exported influential bloodlines that shaped U.S. breeding, particularly along the East Coast. Horses bred at , such as the 2019 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf winner —sold for $350,000 as a yearling—demonstrated the operation's role in producing champions that dispersed genetics nationwide. This legacy preserved historic East Coast racing traditions, with the farm's 2010 Breeders' Cup victory via Shared Account marking a resurgence that inspired broader industry preservation efforts. In the modern era, Plank's initiatives continued to support track revitalization even after Sagamore exited active racing in 2020 to focus on agritourism and grain production for Sagamore Spirit. The farm's facilities, including a one-mile training track, positioned it as a potential hub for Maryland's proposed new equine training center amid ongoing state efforts to modernize Pimlico and Laurel Park. As of 2025, with the property listed for sale at $18.5 million, Sagamore's contributions endure in sustaining Maryland's racing infrastructure and cultural heritage. In November 2025, Plank proposed selling the farm to the state of Maryland to establish a public equine training center, potentially extending its role in the industry's revitalization.

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