TFF 1. Lig
The TFF 1. Lig, officially known as the Trendyol 1. Lig for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest professional football league in Turkey and the primary feeder division to the top-tier Süper Lig within the Turkish football league system.[1][2] Established in 2001 following the reorganization of the prior second-division structure, the league is administered by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) and currently features 20 teams competing in a double round-robin format over 38 matchdays per season.[2][3][4] The 2025–26 season, which began in August 2025, features 20 clubs following structural adjustments to the league pyramid, including additional relegations from the Süper Lig in the preceding year, with the league scheduled to reduce to 18 teams from the 2026–27 season onward.[4][5] Promotion to the Süper Lig is awarded to the top two finishing teams directly, with the third- through sixth-placed sides entering a playoff tournament for one additional spot, while the bottom three teams are relegated to the third-tier TFF 2. Lig, officially sponsored by Nesine.[1][4] Matches are broadcast primarily by beIN Sports in Turkey, and the league has historically served as a vital development pathway for players and clubs aspiring to elite competition, with past champions including prominent teams like Adana Demirspor and Kocaelispor.[1] In November 2025, the Turkish Football Federation suspended 102 players across professional leagues, including the TFF 1. Lig, amid a widespread illegal betting investigation.[6] Sponsorship deals have evolved significantly, transitioning from Spor Toto in the early 2010s to the current e-commerce giant Trendyol since 2023, reflecting the league's growing commercial appeal amid broader reforms in Turkish football governance.[7][8]Overview
League status and organization
The TFF 1. Lig serves as the second tier in the Turkish professional football league system, situated immediately below the Süper Lig and above the TFF 2. Lig, forming a key part of the national pyramid that facilitates promotion and relegation between divisions.[9] This structure ensures competitive progression for clubs aspiring to top-flight status while maintaining a balanced hierarchy across the country's football landscape.[10] Governed by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF), the league operates under the federation's regulatory framework, which establishes it as a fully professional competition with standardized rules for club participation, licensing, and conduct.[9] The TFF, as the national governing body, administers all aspects of the league, including fixture scheduling, referee assignments, and compliance with international standards set by UEFA and FIFA. In the 2025–26 season, the league features 20 teams, reflecting recent adjustments to enhance competitiveness and financial sustainability within the professional tiers.[4] The season typically spans from early August to late May or early June, allowing for a structured campaign that aligns with the broader European football calendar.[11] As a professional league, it mandates registered player contracts, salary caps, and squad regulations to uphold high standards of play, with successful teams gaining access to UEFA club competitions indirectly through promotion to the Süper Lig, where qualification slots for the UEFA Europa League and UEFA Conference League are allocated.[10] Organizationally, the competition follows a double round-robin format, with each team contesting 38 matches—19 at home and 19 away—over the course of the season.[4] Points are awarded according to the conventional system: 3 for a victory, 1 for a draw, and 0 for a defeat, determining final standings and promotion eligibility.[10]Naming and sponsorship history
The TFF 1. Lig was initially established in 2001 under the name Turkish Second League Category A, following a restructuring of the previous second-tier format that had existed since 1963. This name emphasized its position as the top category within the second division system.[12] The league was called Türk Telekom 1. Lig during the 2006–07 season. In 2007, it transitioned to the official designation TFF 1. Lig, aligning with the Turkish Football Federation's (TFF) branding for its professional competitions. Sponsorship influences soon reshaped its identity; from January 2008 to April 2012, it operated as Bank Asya 1. Lig under a title sponsorship agreement with Bank Asya, a Turkish financial institution, which provided funding in exchange for naming rights. The deal lasted approximately four years, supporting league operations amid growing commercial interests in Turkish football. Following Bank Asya's withdrawal in 2012, the league adopted the PTT 1. Lig name from the 2012–13 season through the 2016–17 season, sponsored by the state-owned postal service PTT, which held title rights for five seasons and contributed to financial stability during a period of expansion. The 2016–17 season marked the end of the PTT sponsorship, leading to a return to the non-sponsored TFF 1. Lig name starting in the 2017–18 season as part of the TFF's broader standardization efforts across its leagues to emphasize institutional identity over transient commercial partners. This period of non-sponsored naming lasted only one full season before Spor Toto, Turkey's state-run sports betting organization, secured title rights in February 2018, renaming it Spor Toto 1. Lig effective from the second half of the 2017–18 season through the 2022–23 season—a five-year deal that highlighted the role of betting firms in football financing. In July 2023, e-commerce giant Trendyol replaced Spor Toto with a record-breaking agreement valued at TL 700 million (approximately $26.7 million), rebranding the league as Trendyol 1. Lig for the 2023–24 season and beyond, extending through at least 2027–28 and underscoring the escalating commercial value of Turkish football's second tier.[13][14][15] These successive naming changes illustrate the post-2000s commercialization of Turkish football, where sponsorships from banks, state enterprises, betting operators, and now digital platforms have injected vital revenue—often in the tens of millions of Turkish lira annually—while reflecting evolving economic partnerships and regulatory landscapes.History
Origins in the Turkish Second League
The Turkish Second Football League was established in the 1963–64 season as the inaugural nationwide second division in Turkish football, initially structured as a single group featuring regional teams drawn from lower regional competitions and the previous season's top-flight relegations.[16] Due to rapid growth in club participation and geographic diversity, the league expanded for the 1966–67 season into two regional groups—the Red Group (Kırmızı Grup) and the White Group (Beyaz Grup)—allowing better management of fixtures and travel logistics while maintaining promotion and relegation ties to the Milli Lig, the era's top division (later renamed Süper Lig).[16] Annual championships were decided by the winners of each group earning direct promotion, supplemented by inter-group play-offs involving the runners-up to determine additional promotion spots, fostering competitive balance and talent elevation from regional levels.[16] This structure persisted through 38 seasons until the 2000–01 campaign, during which the league produced over 70 promotions to the top flight across its history, significantly bolstering the professionalization and depth of Turkish club football.[16] The 2001 reorganization divided the league into Category A and Category B.[16]Establishment and early development (2001–2010)
In 2001, the Turkish Football Federation reorganized the existing Second Football League, which had operated as the second tier since 1963, by dividing it into two categories to streamline the structure and improve competitiveness. Category A became the new elite second division, comprising 20 teams selected primarily based on their performance in the previous season's Second League, while Category B formed the third tier with the remaining clubs. This split aimed to create a more focused pathway for promotion to the Süper Lig and better manage the growing number of professional clubs in Turkey. From the 2002–03 season onward, the league adopted an 18-team format.[16] The inaugural 2001–02 season of the Turkish Second League Category A adopted a single-group double round-robin format, with each of the 20 teams playing 38 matches. Altay claimed the first championship, finishing ahead of Elazığspor on goal difference after both ended with 75 points, while Adanaspor took third place. The top three teams earned direct promotion to the Süper Lig, marking the league's immediate role in elevating clubs to the top flight. Subsequent seasons followed a similar structure, with Konyaspor, Sakaryaspor, and Sivasspor securing titles in 2002–03, 2003–04, and 2004–05, respectively, each promoting the top three finishers.[16] A significant evolution occurred in the 2005–06 season with the introduction of a play-off system for the third promotion spot, where teams finishing 3rd through 6th competed in knockout matches, while the top two advanced directly; Bursaspor won that year's title. Sponsorship arrived in 2007, rebranding the league as Bank Asya 1. Lig starting from the 2007–08 season, which Kocaelispor dominated, reflecting growing commercial interest. The league maintained its 18-team format through the decade, culminating in the 2009–10 championship for Kardemir Karabükspor. Despite persistent challenges like financial difficulties for some mid-tier clubs, the period saw steady growth in attendance and viewership, enhancing the league's visibility.[16][17] By 2010, the TFF 1. Lig had firmly established itself as a vital bridge to the Süper Lig, with over 20 clubs achieving promotion during the decade through direct qualification and play-offs, including high-profile successes like Bursaspor's ascent that later led to their 2010 Süper Lig title. This era underscored the league's contribution to Turkish football's professionalization, fostering talent development and regional representation.[16]Competition Format
Number of teams and qualification
The TFF 1. Lig consists of 20 teams, a structure fixed since the 2009–10 season following expansions to support a balanced professional second tier. The league originated in 2001 as the Turkish Second League Category A with 18 teams, after the reorganization of the prior second division, and grew to its current size to align with developments in the overall Turkish football pyramid.[18] Teams qualify for the TFF 1. Lig primarily through direct relegation from the Süper Lig and promotion from the TFF 2. Lig, with entry determined strictly by final standings in the previous season—no play-offs are involved for qualification itself. From the Süper Lig, the bottom three or four teams are typically relegated annually based on their positions, varying with the top tier's team count; for instance, four teams—Adana Demirspor, Hatayspor, Sivasspor, and Bodrumspor—were relegated at the conclusion of the 2024–25 season to facilitate the Süper Lig's reduction to 18 teams starting in 2025–26. For the 2025–26 season, four teams were promoted from the TFF 2. Lig (the two group winners directly and two via playoffs) to match the four inflows from the Süper Lig, maintaining the 20-team format.[5] Promotion from the TFF 2. Lig provides four spots to maintain the 20-team format: the winners of its two groups earn direct promotion, while two additional teams advance via a play-off tournament featuring the second- through fifth-placed finishers from each group. In September 2025, the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) adjusted rules for the 2025–26 season, reducing relegations from the TFF 1. Lig from five to four teams and increasing promotions from the TFF 2. Lig from three to four, with the league maintaining 20 teams.[19]Season structure and scheduling
The TFF 1. Lig follows a double round-robin format with 20 participating teams, where each club competes against every other team twice—once at home and once away—resulting in 38 matches per team and a total of 380 fixtures across the season.[20][4] The season schedule spans from early August to early May, with the 2025–26 campaign commencing on 10 August 2025 and concluding on 2 May 2026; fixtures are typically released by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) in July following a draw ceremony. A mandatory mid-season break takes place in January to mitigate the impact of winter weather on match play and travel.[21][21] Teams accumulate points according to the standard system: three for a victory, one for a draw, and zero for a defeat. Tiebreakers for teams level on points prioritize overall goal difference, followed by total goals scored, and then head-to-head results between the tied clubs.[20] Since the 2005–06 season, a play-off phase has supplemented the regular season to determine additional promotion spots, involving knockout matches among the higher-ranked teams at neutral venues to ensure fairness.[20] Broadcasting rights for the league are centrally managed by the TFF through multi-year agreements, including deals with platforms like beIN Sports and TRT for live coverage, alongside recent expansions to free-to-air channels and digital streaming for broader accessibility. Average match attendance in the 2024–25 season was approximately 2,700 spectators, reflecting steady fan engagement in second-tier football.[22][23][24]Promotion and relegation rules
The promotion system in the TFF 1. Lig allows the top two teams at the end of the regular season to earn direct ascension to the Süper Lig.[25] Teams finishing in third through sixth places qualify for a promotion play-off tournament to determine the third promoted club.[1] The play-off format consists of two semi-final matches pitting the third-placed team against the sixth and the fourth against the fifth, followed by a single-match final between the semi-final winners at a neutral venue; all matches are single-legged.[26] This play-off structure was introduced in the 2005–06 season to add competitiveness beyond direct qualification, with the shift to an all single-leg format occurring from the 2010–11 season onward; finals have typically been hosted in Turkish cities such as Antalya.[27] There are no direct play-off contests between TFF 1. Lig teams and Süper Lig sides for promotion spots.[28] Relegation from the TFF 1. Lig sees the bottom three teams directly descend to the TFF 2. Lig at the season's conclusion.[1] A fourth team may occasionally be relegated based on decisions by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF), particularly in cases involving financial non-compliance or licensing failures under updated regulations.[10] For the 2025–26 season, TFF rules included four relegations from the TFF 1. Lig as part of structural adjustments to align with the Süper Lig's reduction to 18 teams, which indirectly affects inflows to the TFF 1. Lig and requires corresponding adjustments in promotion numbers from the TFF 2. Lig to maintain league balance.[5] To preserve equilibrium across the professional tiers, the TFF 1. Lig structure aligns with four promotions from the TFF 2. Lig—comprising the two group winners via direct promotion and two additional teams through play-offs—corresponding to the typical outflows from the second division.[28] This mechanism ensures consistent team movement without direct inter-league play-offs beyond the standard pathways.[25]Participating Clubs
Current clubs (2025–26 season)
The 2025–26 TFF 1. Lig season comprises 20 clubs, blending established sides with recent arrivals through promotion and relegation. Four teams—Adana Demirspor, Bodrum FK, Hatayspor, and Sivasspor—joined after relegation from the 2024–25 Süper Lig, bringing experience from the top flight. Three newcomers ascended from the 2024–25 TFF 2. Lig: Sarıyer, Serik Belediyespor, and Vanspor FK, adding regional diversity from Istanbul, Antalya province, and Van, respectively. The remaining 13 teams retained their positions from the prior season, including relative newcomers like Amed Sportif Faaliyetler (founded 1990 in Diyarbakır, at Diyarbakır City Stadium with 33,000 capacity, promoted in 2023–24). This mix highlights the league's role as a competitive bridge, featuring clubs from across Turkey's diverse regions.[29] As of November 20, 2025, after 13 matches per team, the standings show a tight race at the top. Bodrum FK leads with 27 points (8 wins, 3 draws, 2 losses). Pendikspor and Amed Sportif Faaliyetler follow with 26 points each, while Esenler Erokspor occupies fourth place with 25 points, demonstrating consistent scoring. At the bottom, relegation threats include Adana Demirspor (last with -17 points after an 18-point deduction by the federation, 0 wins, 1 draw, 12 losses, 55 goals conceded) and Hatayspor (4 points, 35 goals conceded), both adapting poorly post-relegation, alongside Manisa FK (10 points) and Ümraniyespor (11 points), hovering near the drop zone.[29]| Team | Home City | Founded | Stadium (Capacity) | Path to League |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adana Demirspor | Adana | 1959 | New Adana Stadium (33,282) | Relegated from 2024–25 Süper Lig |
| Amed Sportif Faaliyetler | Diyarbakır | 1990 | Diyarbakır City Stadium (33,000) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Ankara Keçiörengücü | Ankara | 1985 | Keçiörengücü Stadium (4,000) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Bandırmaspor | Bandırma | 1965 | 17 Eylül Stadium (15,000) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Boluspor | Bolu | 1965 | Bolu Atatürk Stadium (8,456) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Bodrum FK | Bodrum | 2013 | Bodrum İlçe Stadium (6,000) | Relegated from 2024–25 Süper Lig |
| Çorum FK | Çorum | 2015 | Dr. Turhan Kürşat Özer Sports Complex (7,000) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Erzurumspor FK | Erzurum | 2010 | Kazım Karabekir Stadium (23,277) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Esenler Erokspor | Istanbul | 2015 | Esenler Stadium (4,200) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Hatayspor | Hatay | 1918 | New Hatay Stadium (22,000) | Relegated from 2024–25 Süper Lig |
| Iğdır FK | Iğdır | 2016 | Iğdır City Stadium (2,700) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| İstanbulspor | Istanbul | 1911 | Eyüpsultan Stadium (3,500) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Manisa FK | Manisa | 2016 | Manisa 19 Mayıs Stadium (16,597) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Pendikspor | Pendik, Istanbul | 1927 | Pendik Stadium (5,000) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Sakaryaspor | Adapazarı | 1965 | New Sakarya Atatürk Stadium (28,118) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Sarıyer | Istanbul | 1940 | Yusuf Ziya Öniş Stadium (15,000) | Promoted from 2024–25 TFF 2. Lig |
| Serik Belediyespor | Serik | 2002 | Serik Stadium (2,000) | Promoted from 2024–25 TFF 2. Lig |
| Sivasspor | Sivas | 1984 | New Sivas 4 September Stadium (27,532) | Relegated from 2024–25 Süper Lig |
| Ümraniyespor | Istanbul | 1936 | Ümraniye Hekimbaşı Stadium (2,500) | Retained from 2024–25 TFF 1. Lig |
| Vanspor FK | Van | 2016 | Van Atatürk Stadium (4,000) | Promoted from 2024–25 TFF 2. Lig |
All-time club records and statistics
Since its establishment in 2001, the TFF 1. Lig has seen Kocaelispor emerge as the most successful club with three championship titles, achieved in the 2005–06, 2007–08, and 2024–25 seasons.[30] MKE Ankaragücü and Çaykur Rizespor follow with two titles each, the former in 2004–05 and 2021–22, and the latter in 2001–02 and 2017–18.[30] These achievements highlight the competitive balance in the league, where promotion ambitions have driven sustained excellence among established clubs. The all-time performance table, aggregating points, wins, and losses since 2001, underscores the endurance of certain teams. Boluspor holds the record for the longest continuous tenure, participating in all 24 seasons without promotion or relegation, accumulating over 700 points through consistent mid-table finishes. Other long-serving clubs with 15 or more seasons include Adanaspor (approximately 550 points from 20 seasons) and Sakaryaspor (around 450 points from 16 seasons), reflecting their resilience amid frequent changes in the league composition. Attendance figures have varied, with peaks driven by promotion hopefuls in the early 2010s, such as Altay and Adana Demirspor averaging over 15,000 spectators per match during their title-winning campaigns. The highest single-match record stands at 37,280, recorded for Bursaspor's 2022 home game against Ümraniyespor amid their promotion push. Notable individual records include Mickaël Poté's 25 goals for Adana Demirspor in the 2015–16 season, the highest single-season tally, which propelled the club to the promotion playoffs. The longest unbeaten run belongs to Samsunspor, with 20 consecutive matches without defeat during their 2022–23 title-winning season. The influx of foreign players following regulatory liberalization in the mid-2000s significantly boosted scoring, exemplified by contributions from talents like Poté (Benin) and Jonathan Ayité (Togo), who combined for over 50 goals across their stints.[31] Among defunct or restructured clubs, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor (now İstanbul Başakşehir) won the 2010–11 title before promotion and eventual rebranding, marking an early success story in the league's history.[30] Other teams like Orduspor, which competed until 2014 before financial collapse, contributed to the league's diverse participant pool but left lasting statistical imprints with extended tenures exceeding 20 seasons overall.| Club | Championships (since 2001) | Seasons Played | All-Time Points (approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kocaelispor | 3 | 12 | 450 |
| MKE Ankaragücü | 2 | 8 | 300 |
| Çaykur Rizespor | 2 | 6 | 250 |
| Boluspor | 0 | 24 | 700+ |
| Adanaspor | 1 | 20 | 550 |
Champions and Promotions
List of league champions
The TFF 1. Lig regular season has produced a diverse set of champions since its launch in 2001, with the winner typically earning automatic promotion to the Süper Lig. Early seasons featured a hybrid format with group stages and additional play-offs for promotion, leading to some anomalies in title determination, such as head-to-head tiebreakers or shared group wins. Over time, the league has shown regional dominance by Anatolian clubs, including multiple titles for teams from Black Sea and Central Anatolia regions, underscoring the competitive depth outside Istanbul. Clubs like Elazığspor have secured two titles, contributing to the league's history of varied success stories. The following table lists the regular season champions, their points, and runners-up where applicable, from the league's inception to the 2024–25 season (as of November 2025). All champions received direct promotion except in the 2001–02 season's hybrid format, where group winners advanced via play-offs.[16][30]| Season | Champion | Points | Runners-up |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001–02 | Elazığspor | 79 | Altay (75) |
| 2002–03 | Konyaspor | 64 | Çaykur Rizespor (62) |
| 2003–04 | Sakaryaspor | 67 | Ankaraspor (64) |
| 2004–05 | Sivasspor | 70 | Erciyesspor (62) |
| 2005–06 | Bursaspor | 75 | Kocaelispor (64) |
| 2006–07 | Gençlerbirliği OFTAŞ | 72 | Antalyaspor (64) |
| 2007–08 | Ankaraspor | 71 | Sakaryaspor (68) |
| 2008–09 | Manisaspor | 69 | Diyarbakırspor (65) |
| 2009–10 | Kardemir Karabükspor | 75 | Bucaspor (65) |
| 2010–11 | İstanbul BB | 67 | Karşıyaka (59) |
| 2011–12 | Elazığspor | 58 | Kasımpaşa (57; head-to-head tiebreaker) |
| 2012–13 | Rizespor | 65 | Konyaspor (62) |
| 2013–14 | İstanbul BB | 61 | Samsunspor (57) |
| 2014–15 | Kayseri Erciyesspor | 60 | Adanaspor (58) |
| 2015–16 | Adanaspor | 56 | Ümraniyespor (54) |
| 2016–17 | Sivasspor | 63 | Eskişehirspor (58) |
| 2017–18 | Çaykur Rizespor | 61 | Boluspor (57) |
| 2018–19 | Denizlispor | 64 | Hatayspor (62) |
| 2019–20 | Hatayspor | 67 | Adana Demirspor (61) |
| 2020–21 | Adana Demirspor | 79 | Sakaryaspor (73) |
| 2021–22 | Ankaragücü | 71 | Eyüpspor (65) |
| 2022–23 | Samsunspor | 75 | Ankaragücü (64) |
| 2023–24 | Eyüpspor | 80 | Düzcespor (70) |
| 2024–25 | Kocaelispor | 82 | Bandırmaspor (74) |
Total titles by club (as of 2025)
The following ranked list shows clubs with multiple titles in the TFF 1. Lig era (since 2001); two-time winners are bolded for emphasis (as of the end of 2024–25 season):- Elazığspor: 2 titles
- Sivasspor: 2 titles
- Adanaspor: 2 titles
- Çaykur Rizespor: 2 titles
- İstanbul BB: 2 titles
- Ankaraspor/Ankaragücü: 2 titles
- Konyaspor: 1 title
- Sakaryaspor: 1 title
- Bursaspor: 1 title
- Manisaspor: 1 title
- Kardemir Karabükspor: 1 title
- Gençlerbirliği OFTAŞ: 1 title
- Denizlispor: 1 title
- Hatayspor: 1 title
- Adana Demirspor: 1 title
- Eyüpspor: 1 title
- Samsunspor: 1 title
- Kocaelispor: 1 title
Promotion play-off system
The promotion play-off system in the TFF 1. Lig was introduced during the 2005–06 season to heighten excitement at the conclusion of the regular season by providing an additional pathway for promotion to the Süper Lig beyond the top two direct qualifiers. Initially, the format involved the teams finishing 3rd through 8th in the league standings participating in a tournament to determine the third promoted team, with matches played in a single-leg elimination style on neutral venues. This structure aimed to reward consistency while allowing for dramatic upsets among mid-table contenders.[32][26] By the 2010–11 season, the system was refined to focus on the 3rd through 6th placed teams, shifting to a two-legged semi-final format (3rd vs 6th and 4th vs 5th, with aggregate scores determining advancement) followed by a single-leg final on a neutral ground between the semi-final winners. All play-off matches were scheduled post-regular season in late May or early June, ensuring a compact tournament typically spanning one to two weeks. This adjustment reduced the number of participants and emphasized home advantage in early rounds while maintaining neutrality for the decisive final. The change was intended to streamline the process and increase competitive balance.[33][34] The play-off winners from 2005–06 to 2024–25, totaling 20 promotions (as of the end of 2024–25 season), are as follows:| Season | Winner |
|---|---|
| 2005–06 | Kasımpaşa |
| 2006–07 | Kasımpaşa |
| 2007–08 | Sakaryaspor |
| 2008–09 | Manisaspor |
| 2009–10 | Konyaspor |
| 2010–11 | Çaykur Rizespor |
| 2011–12 | Elazığspor |
| 2012–13 | Kasımpaşa |
| 2013–14 | Mersin İdmanyurdu |
| 2014–15 | Antalyaspor |
| 2015–16 | Alanyaspor |
| 2016–17 | Yeni Malatyaspor |
| 2017–18 | Çaykur Rizespor |
| 2018–19 | Hatayspor |
| 2019–20 | BB Erzurumspor |
| 2020–21 | Adana Demirspor |
| 2021–22 | Eyüpspor |
| 2022–23 | Samsunspor |
| 2023–24 | Göztepe |
| 2024–25 | İstanbulspor |