1953 NFL draft
The 1953 NFL Draft was the eighteenth annual player selection meeting of the National Football League (NFL), conducted in Philadelphia at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel.[1] With 12 teams participating, the event featured the San Francisco 49ers selecting end Harry Babcock from the University of Georgia as the first overall pick via a lottery bonus selection.[2][3] The draft yielded seven future Pro Football Hall of Famers: defensive end Doug Atkins (11th overall, Cleveland Browns), fullback John Henry Johnson (second round, Pittsburgh Steelers), offensive tackle Bob St. Clair (third round, San Francisco 49ers), guard/defensive tackle Stan Jones (fifth round, Chicago Bears), center Jim Ringo (seventh round, Green Bay Packers), linebacker Joe Schmidt (seventh round, Detroit Lions), and offensive tackle Roosevelt Brown (27th round, 321st overall, New York Giants), who collectively contributed over 1,100 games and numerous Pro Bowl honors to the league.[2][4][5] Notable aspects included selections by the recently folded Dallas Texans distributed among other teams, as well as early picks like Heisman Trophy winner Billy Vessels (second overall, Baltimore Colts), highlighting the era's emphasis on college talent amid growing professional competition.[2][4] This draft class supported a transitional period for the NFL, with teams like the Detroit Lions achieving a 10-2 record and Western Conference title in the ensuing season, bolstered by mid-round additions.[6]Background
1952 Season Summary
The 1952 NFL season featured 12 teams divided into the American and National Conferences, each playing a 12-game schedule. In the American Conference, the Cleveland Browns finished first with an 8-4 record, followed by the New York Giants and Philadelphia Eagles at 7-5, the Pittsburgh Steelers at 5-7, and the Chicago Cardinals and Washington Redskins both at 4-8.[7] The National Conference saw a tie for first between the Detroit Lions and Los Angeles Rams, both at 9-3; the San Francisco 49ers placed third at 7-5, the Green Bay Packers fourth at 6-6, the Chicago Bears fifth at 5-7, and the expansion Dallas Texans last at 1-11.[7] The season marked the debut of the Dallas Texans, who struggled significantly and were returned to league ownership midway through, highlighting challenges for new franchises in established markets.[7] Playoff berths were determined by conference standings, with ties resolved via a one-game playoff. The National Conference playoff saw the Detroit Lions defeat the Los Angeles Rams 31-21 on December 21 at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. The American Conference champion, the Cleveland Browns, advanced directly without a divisional playoff. In the NFL Championship Game on December 28 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, the Lions upset the Browns 17-7, securing their second consecutive league title behind a stout defense that limited Cleveland's potent offense to just seven points.[8] League-wide, the season showcased offensive prowess, with teams averaging 22.3 points per game and a combined 44.6 points per contest across 72 regular-season games.[9] Cleveland's Otto Graham led in passing with 2,816 yards and 20 touchdowns, while Los Angeles Rams running back Dan Towler topped rushing stats with 894 yards.[10] Attendance grew modestly, reflecting the league's expanding popularity, though the Dallas Texans drew the lowest figures amid their poor performance. Emerging stars like San Francisco's Hugh McElhenny (684 rushing yards) underscored the need for defensive reinforcements in subsequent drafts, particularly for high-scoring teams.[11] Rebuilding efforts were evident among underperforming squads; the Pittsburgh Steelers, despite scoring 300 points (fourth in the league), finished 5-7 and sought offensive line stability and rushers to contend.[12] Similarly, the San Francisco 49ers (7-5) aimed to bolster their defensive ends and running game after missing the playoffs, while the dismal Dallas Texans (1-11) required foundational talent across positions to establish viability.Determination of Draft Order
The determination of the draft order for the 1953 NFL Draft utilized the league's bonus pick lottery for the top selection, followed by reverse order of the 1952 regular season standings for the remaining first-round picks. The newly relocated Baltimore Colts, inheriting the Dallas Texans' franchise rights, were assigned the second pick based on the Texans' 1-11 record.[2] This bonus pick system, implemented from 1947 to 1958, sought to promote competitive balance by randomly awarding the first overall choice to one team each year, thereby reducing incentives for teams to underperform intentionally. Each franchise was entitled to one bonus pick over the system's duration, with the lottery limited to eligible teams—those that had not previously won and were not the defending champions. In 1953, the seventh year of the system, a raffle was conducted among the six remaining eligible teams prior to the draft. The San Francisco 49ers emerged as the winner, securing the No. 1 pick despite finishing the 1952 season with a 7–5 record and third place in the National Conference.[13][14] Picks 2 through 13 in the first round were assigned based on the inverse of the 1952 standings, with ties resolved via league tiebreaker procedures including head-to-head records and point differentials. The order reflected the following teams and their prior-season records:| Pick | Team | 1952 Record |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Baltimore Colts | 1–11–0 |
| 3 | Washington Redskins | 4–8–0 |
| 4 | Chicago Cardinals | 4–8–0 |
| 5 | Pittsburgh Steelers | 5–7–0 |
| 6 | Chicago Bears | 5–7–0 |
| 7 | Green Bay Packers | 6–6–0 |
| 8 | New York Giants | 7–5–0 |
| 9 | Philadelphia Eagles | 7–5–0 |
| 10 | San Francisco 49ers (regular pick) | 7–5–0 |
| 11 | Cleveland Browns | 8–4–0 |
| 12 | Los Angeles Rams | 9–3–0 |
| 13 | Detroit Lions | 9–3–0 |
Draft Details
Date, Location, and Format
The 1953 NFL Draft was held on January 22, 1953, at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[4] This location followed the 1952 draft at New York's Hotel Statler and preceded the 1954 event at the same Philadelphia venue, reflecting the city's recurring role as a host during the early 1950s.[16] The draft followed the league's standard format of 30 rounds, with the 12 NFL teams selecting players in reverse order of their 1952 standings, rotating the selection sequence each round to ensure fairness.[17] In total, 361 players were chosen across these rounds, drawn primarily from college rosters based on scouting evaluations.[17] The proceedings unfolded over a single day, presided over by NFL Commissioner Bert Bell, who announced selections orally during the closed sessions.[18] Unlike contemporary drafts with public spectacles and fan attendance, the 1953 event was a private affair limited to team owners, general managers, scouts, and select media representatives, emphasizing confidential discussions and on-site contract negotiations.[19] This structure aligned with the NFL's annual winter draft tradition, instituted in 1936 to balance competition by giving weaker teams priority access to top talent, with Philadelphia serving as a key venue since the inaugural draft at the city's Ritz-Carlton Hotel.[18]Notable Events and Trades
The 1953 NFL Draft featured the debut participation of the newly awarded Baltimore Colts franchise, which had been awarded the draft choices and player rights of the recently defunct Dallas Texans organization by purchasing them from the NFL just prior to the event.[20] This positioned the Colts to select second overall, marking a significant expansion for the league amid the Texans' financial collapse after a 1-11 season in 1952.[21] Additionally, this draft introduced the bonus pick system, with the San Francisco 49ers winning a lottery among all teams for the first overall selection of Harry Babcock.[4] A key highlight was the Colts' selection of Heisman Trophy winner Billy Vessels, a running back from the University of Oklahoma, with the second overall pick, despite lingering concerns over a severe knee injury he suffered in 1951 that sidelined him for the remainder of that season.[4] Vessels had rebounded impressively in 1952 to claim the Heisman, rushing for 1,034 yards and 10 touchdowns, but teams weighed the risk of his prior ligament damage during evaluations.[22] NFL Commissioner Bert Bell, presiding over the proceedings at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, facilitated the smooth integration of the Colts' selections without reported disputes over the transferred rights.[23] The draft emphasized offensive skill positions early, with the first five picks consisting of two running backs, two quarterbacks, and one end, reflecting teams' priorities for versatile backs and pass-catchers following the run-heavy trends of the 1952 season.[4] While no major on-site trades altered the top selections, mid-round exchanges occurred for future considerations, including swaps involving defensive linemen prospects, contributing to a total of approximately six transactions logged in connection with the event.[24]Player Selections
Overall Statistics
The 1953 NFL Draft consisted of 360 selections across 30 rounds by the league's 12 teams.[25] Selections from the folded Dallas Texans were redistributed among other teams. Selections emphasized offensive positions reflective of the era's run-heavy schemes, with approximately 80 backs (encompassing running backs, halfbacks, fullbacks, and quarterbacks) and 34 ends (primarily wide receivers and tight ends) chosen, outnumbering dedicated defensive backs. The offensive and defensive lines combined for the majority of picks, including about 70 tackles and guards, 10 centers, 20 defensive ends and tackles, 10 linebackers, and 20 defensive backs.[2] Leading colleges in representation were the University of Southern California with 15 draftees, Oklahoma with 12, and Notre Dame with 10; notable programs like Maryland (8) and Georgia (7) also contributed multiple selections, such as Billy Vessels from Oklahoma as the No. 2 overall pick.[26] The draft opened with a bonus pick determined by lottery among non-playoff teams, awarded to the San Francisco 49ers for end Harry Babcock from Georgia.[4]Round 1
The first round of the 1953 NFL Draft featured 13 selections due to the bonus pick, beginning with the lottery award to the San Francisco 49ers and followed by the regular order based on the reverse standings from the 1952 season.[4] This round emphasized skill position players, with eight backs and three ends chosen to address offensive needs across the league.[2]| Pick | Team | Player | Position | College |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | San Francisco 49ers | Harry Babcock | E | Georgia |
| 2 | Baltimore Colts | Billy Vessels | HB | Oklahoma |
| 3 | Washington Redskins | Jack Scarbath | QB | Maryland |
| 4 | Chicago Cardinals | Johnny Olszewski | FB | California |
| 5 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Ted Marchibroda | QB | Detroit Mercy |
| 6 | Chicago Bears | Billy Anderson | DB | Compton JC |
| 7 | Green Bay Packers | Al Carmichael | HB | USC |
| 8 | New York Giants | Bobby Marlow | B | Alabama |
| 9 | Los Angeles Rams (from Philadelphia Eagles) | Donn Moomaw | C | UCLA |
| 10 | San Francisco 49ers | Tom Stolhandske | LB | Texas |
| 11 | Cleveland Browns | Doug Atkins | DE | Tennessee |
| 12 | Los Angeles Rams | Ed Barker | E | Washington State |
| 13 | Detroit Lions | Harley Sewell | G | Texas |
Round 2
In the second round of the 1953 NFL Draft, teams continued to prioritize offensive skill players, selecting seven running backs and three quarterbacks among the 12 picks, reflecting a league-wide strategy to enhance backfields and passing games following a first round heavy on similar positions. This round, held on January 22, 1953, at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, saw no major trades reported, allowing clubs to directly address roster needs with emerging college talents.[2] The selections are detailed below:| Overall Pick | Round Pick | Team | Player | Position | College |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | 1 | Baltimore Colts | Bernie Flowers | E | Purdue |
| 15 | 2 | Chicago Cardinals | Jim Psaltis | DB | USC |
| 16 | 3 | Washington Redskins | Dick Modzelewski | DT | Maryland |
| 17 | 4 | Chicago Bears | Zeke Bratkowski | QB | Georgia |
| 18 | 5 | Pittsburgh Steelers | John Henry Johnson | FB | Arizona St. |
| 19 | 6 | Green Bay Packers | Gil Reich | B | Army/Kansas |
| 20 | 7 | Philadelphia Eagles | Al Conway | B | Army/William Jewell |
| 21 | 8 | San Francisco 49ers | George Morris | C | Georgia Tech |
| 22 | 9 | New York Giants | Eddie Crowder | QB | Oklahoma |
| 23 | 10 | Cleveland Browns | Billy Reynolds | HB | Pittsburgh |
| 24 | 11 | Los Angeles Rams | Rudy Bukich | QB | USC |
| 25 | 12 | Detroit Lions | Gene Gedman | HB | Indiana |
Round 3
In the third round of the 1953 NFL Draft, teams continued to prioritize offensive line depth and versatile backs, with a noticeable uptick in selections of tackles and ends to bolster front-line protection amid the league's evolving emphasis on balanced offenses.[2] This round featured 13 picks due to an additional selection by the Cleveland Browns, reflecting minor adjustments in draft order from prior trades.[2] The following table lists all third-round selections, including overall pick number, team, player, position, and college:| Overall | Round Pick | Team | Player | Pos | College |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | 1 | Baltimore Colts | Buck McPhail | FB | Oklahoma |
| 27 | 2 | Washington Redskins | Paul Dekker | E | Michigan State |
| 28 | 3 | Chicago Cardinals | Dale Samuels | QB | Purdue |
| 29 | 4 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Marv Matuszak | LB | Tulsa |
| 30 | 5 | Chicago Bears | Bill Rowekamp | B | Army |
| 31 | 6 | Green Bay Packers | Bill Forester | LB | SMU |
| 32 | 7 | San Francisco 49ers | Bob St. Clair | T | Tulsa |
| 33 | 8 | New York Giants | Cal Roberts | T | Gustavus Adolphus |
| 34 | 9 | Philadelphia Eagles | Don Johnson | HB | California |
| 35 | 10 | Cleveland Browns | Fred Bruney | DB | Ohio State |
| 36 | 11 | Los Angeles Rams | Bob Fry | T | Kentucky |
| 37 | 12 | Cleveland Browns | Gene Donaldson | G | Kentucky |
| 38 | 13 | Cleveland Browns | Jim Hietikko | T | Ohio State |
Round 4
In the fourth round of the 1953 NFL Draft, teams primarily targeted linemen and versatile backs to add depth to their rosters, with selections emphasizing prospects who could fill niche roles on offense and defense. This round marked a transition to more specialized players compared to the star-focused early rounds, as clubs sought to mitigate weaknesses exposed in the 1952 season, such as inadequate line protection and running back support.[2] The complete list of fourth-round selections is as follows:| Overall Pick | Round Pick | Team | Player | Position | College |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39 | 1 | Baltimore Colts | Tom Catlin | LB | Oklahoma |
| 40 | 2 | Chicago Cardinals | Gerdes (Buck) Martin | E | Georgia Tech |
| 41 | 3 | Washington Redskins | Don Boll | T | Nebraska |
| 42 | 4 | Chicago Bears | Joe Koch | B | Wake Forest |
| 43 | 5 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Lloyd Colteryahn | E | Maryland |
| 44 | 6 | Green Bay Packers | Gib Dawson | HB | Texas |
| 45 | 7 | New York Giants | Everett Douglas | T | Florida |
| 46 | 8 | Philadelphia Eagles | George Mrkonic | T | Kansas |
| 47 | 9 | San Francisco 49ers | Ed Fullerton | DB | Maryland |
| 48 | 10 | Cleveland Browns | Dick Tamburo | C | Michigan St. |
| 49 | 11 | Los Angeles Rams | Willie Roberts | E | Tulsa |
| 50 | 12 | Detroit Lions | Charlie Ane | T | USC |
Round 5
The fifth round of the 1953 NFL Draft, encompassing overall picks 51 through 62, represented a shift toward roster-filling choices as teams sought depth across offensive and defensive lines.[2] With 12 teams participating, the round yielded a balanced distribution of linemen and skill-position players, emphasizing developmental talent over immediate starters.[29] The complete list of fifth-round selections is as follows:| Overall Pick | Round Pick | Team | Player | Position | College |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | 1 | Baltimore Colts | Jack Little | T | Texas A&M |
| 52 | 2 | Washington Redskins | Nick Carras | B | Missouri |
| 53 | 3 | Chicago Cardinals | Bill Shalosky | G | Cincinnati |
| 54 | 4 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Bob Gaona | T | Wake Forest |
| 55 | 5 | Chicago Bears | Stan Jones | G | Maryland |
| 56 | 6 | Green Bay Packers | Roger Zatkoff | LB | Michigan |
| 57 | 7 | Philadelphia Eagles | Eddie Bell | DB | Pennsylvania |
| 58 | 8 | San Francisco 49ers | Hal Miller | T | Georgia Tech |
| 59 | 9 | New York Giants | Buford Long | DB | Florida |
| 60 | 10 | Cleveland Browns | Bob Van Doren | DE | USC |
| 61 | 11 | Los Angeles Rams | Tom Scott | DE | Virginia |
| 62 | 12 | Philadelphia Eagles | Rex Smith | E | Illinois |