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Abbas

Mahmoud Abbas (born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen, is a Palestinian politician who has served as President of the Palestinian Authority since 2005 and as Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 2004.^[1]^[2] A co-founder of the Fatah faction within the PLO, Abbas rose through its ranks after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War displaced his family from Safed, eventually succeeding Yasser Arafat amid internal Palestinian factionalism and stalled negotiations with Israel.^[2]^[3] Abbas's tenure has been defined by efforts to advance Palestinian statehood through diplomacy, including his role in the 1993 Oslo Accords, which established limited Palestinian self-rule, though subsequent talks have repeatedly collapsed over issues like borders, refugees, and Jerusalem. His leadership faced a major schism in 2007 when Hamas seized control of Gaza, splitting governance between the West Bank under Fatah and the coastal enclave, exacerbating economic stagnation and security challenges in PA-administered areas. Abbas's extended rule without national elections since 2005—originally scheduled but postponed citing divisions and Israeli restrictions—has drawn criticism for consolidating power, including decrees limiting opposition media and judiciary independence.^[2] Notable controversies include Abbas's 1982 doctoral dissertation from Moscow's Oriental College, which minimized Holocaust fatalities to under one million Jews and alleged Zionist exaggeration for political gain, reflecting Soviet-era anti-Zionist historiography rather than empirical historiography.^[4]^[5] While Abbas later acknowledged the Holocaust's scale in 2014, a 2023 speech revived claims that Jewish usury and social practices in Europe provoked antisemitism, prompting condemnations from Western governments and Palestinian intellectuals for echoing discredited tropes.^[6]^[7] These positions, alongside PA policies like stipends to families of militants killed in attacks on Israelis, underscore tensions between Abbas's diplomatic overtures and domestic incentives that sustain conflict.^[2]

Etymology and usage

Origin and meaning

The name Abbās (Arabic: عَبَّاس) originates from the Arabic root ʿ-b-s (ع ب س), specifically from the verb ʿabasa meaning "to frown" or "to be stern," connoting austerity or severity.^[8] This etymology yields a primary meaning of "stern" or "austere," qualities metaphorically linked to a lion's fierce demeanor in Arabic cultural symbolism, though the name does not directly translate to "lion" (which is asad).^[9] ^[10] It functions predominantly as a masculine given name or surname in Arabic-speaking and Muslim-majority regions, reflecting virtues of resolve and authority. The name gained historical prominence in early Islam through figures such as al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib (c. 566–653 CE), a paternal uncle of the Prophet Muḥammad and companion who converted to Islam around 630 CE, underscoring its significance in both Sunni and Shiʿa traditions.^[8] ^[11] It was also borne by ʿAbbās ibn ʿAlī (d. 680 CE), half-brother of al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and a revered martyr in Shiʿa narratives, further embedding the name in Islamic nomenclature across sects. In contrast, derivations like "Abbas" in certain Western toponyms, such as Compton Abbas in Dorset, England, stem from Old English cumb-tūn ("valley farmstead") combined with Latin abbas or abbatissa (abbot or abbess), denoting land held by a religious abbess, as with Shaftesbury Abbey; these are etymologically unrelated to the Arabic personal name.^[12] ^[13]

People

Religious figures

Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 566–653 CE), the paternal uncle of Muhammad, maintained allegiance to Mecca during the early Islamic period, fighting with the Quraysh forces at the Battle of Badr on March 13, 624 CE, where he was captured by Muslims.^[14] His public conversion to Islam occurred shortly after his release from captivity, amid mounting Muslim successes, prior to the conquest of Mecca in January 630 CE, reflecting a pragmatic shift amid shifting tribal alliances rather than early ideological commitment.^[15] Post-conversion, he participated in subsequent campaigns, including the Battle of Hunayn in 630 CE, and is referenced in hadith as a figure whom Muhammad honored, underscoring his role in facilitating Meccan integration into the nascent Islamic polity despite initial opposition.^[16] His lineage continued through sons like Abdullah ibn Abbas, a prominent early scholar, cementing his historical significance in Sunni biographical traditions focused on familial ties to prophethood over unwavering early loyalty.^[17] Al-Abbas ibn Ali (647–680 CE), son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and half-brother to Husayn ibn Ali, held the position of standard-bearer for Husayn's small contingent during the confrontation at Karbala on October 10, 680 CE (10 Muharram 61 AH), against Umayyad forces led by Umar ibn Sa'd.^[18] He was killed after venturing to the Euphrates to secure water for the thirst-stricken camp, suffering fatal wounds to both arms in the process, an episode historical accounts attribute to his prioritization of familial aid amid encirclement.^[19] In Shia tradition, this act exemplifies themes of sacrificial loyalty to kin and resistance against perceived tyranny, distinct from broader political contestations, with his martyrdom preceding Husayn's by hours.^[20] His remains were interred near Karbala, where a shrine developed over centuries, drawing pilgrims for its association with bravery and devotion, though veneration remains predominantly sectarian rather than universally doctrinal across Islam.^[21] Both figures embody enduring motifs in Islamic hagiography: Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib's trajectory highlights the causal role of military and economic incentives in elite conversions, as evidenced by his pre-Islamic merchant status and post-conversion advisory influence under caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar; Al-Abbas ibn Ali's narrative, preserved in chronicles like those of al-Tabari, emphasizes personal valor in familial defense over strategic rebellion outcomes.^[16] ^[19] Primary sources, including hadith compilations for the uncle and battle eyewitness-derived reports for the nephew, sustain their legacies, though interpretive emphases vary by tradition—Sunni sources privileging reconciliation, Shia ones sacrifice—without resolving underlying historical contingencies like tribal realignments or succession disputes.^[17]^[18]

Rulers and military leaders

Abbas I (1571–1629), known as Abbas the Great, ascended to the Safavid throne in 1588 and revitalized the empire through aggressive military campaigns and structural reforms. He recaptured key territories from Ottoman forces, including Tabriz, Yerevan, and Ganja in 1603, followed by broader control over Transcaucasia and Mesopotamia by 1618, while defeating Uzbeks at Herat in 1598 to secure Khorasan.^[22] These expansions were enabled by modernizing the army with European artillery experts, such as the English Shirley brothers, and forming alliances, including with England to seize the Portuguese-held island of Hormuz in 1622.^[22] He briefly captured Kandahar from the Mughals in 1622, demonstrating strategic opportunism amid rival imperial pressures.^[22] To centralize authority and ensure military loyalty, Abbas relied on the ghulam system, recruiting thousands of Circassian, Georgian, and Armenian slave-soldiers as an elite force directly beholden to the crown, bypassing the fractious Qizilbash tribal cavalry that had previously dominated Safavid armies.^[22]^[23] This shift diminished Qizilbash influence through sidelining and purges, replacing tribal factions with state-controlled administrators and troops, which fostered internal cohesion and enabled sustained campaigns against external threats.^[22] In 1598, he relocated the capital from Qazvin to Isfahan, developing it into an economic and cultural hub with projects like Naqsh-e Jahan Square, while implementing tax reforms and a state monopoly on silk trade to fund military endeavors.^[22] For the latter, he forcibly deported Armenian communities from the Caucasus to Isfahan around 1604, establishing New Julfa as a merchant quarter to leverage their expertise in silk production and international commerce, thereby boosting royal revenues despite the coercive nature of the migrations.^[24]^[25] Abbas I of Egypt (1813–1854), who ruled as Wali under Ottoman suzerainty from 1848 until his death, pursued modernization selectively while resisting deeper European encroachment. He initiated Egypt's first railway line from Alexandria to Cairo in 1851, urged by British interests to facilitate imperial communications with India, and expanded infrastructure including Delta barrages for perennial irrigation to support cotton cultivation.^[26]^[27] These efforts built on Muhammad Ali's foundations, introducing secular education and promoting cotton exports, which enhanced internal economic connectivity but incurred debt from foreign loans.^[26] Abbas adopted isolationist policies, curtailing some pro-European initiatives of his predecessor and restricting foreign access beyond coastal trade zones, including limits on British naval and administrative influence to preserve Ottoman-aligned autonomy.^[26] This approach suppressed broader European political interference, fostering short-term internal stability through central power consolidation and Mamluk defeat, though it contributed to economic stagnation by hindering industrialization and diversification amid reliance on raw cotton exports under tariff constraints like the 1838 Anglo-Ottoman treaty.^[26] His governance prioritized tax remissions for peasants and reduced conscription, benefiting lower classes, but heavy infrastructure borrowing exacerbated fiscal strains without yielding proportional long-term growth.^[26]

Scholars and inventors

Abbas ibn Firnas (c. 810–887 CE), an Andalusian polymath active in Córdoba under Umayyad rule, advanced engineering and astronomy through practical experimentation in Muslim Spain.^[28] His work emphasized trial-and-error methods, yielding prototypes that addressed mechanical and observational challenges, though primary accounts derive from later medieval chroniclers like Ahmad al-Maqqari, with modern analyses confirming their feasibility based on preserved descriptions.^[29] In aerodynamics, Firnas constructed a frame covered in silk and feathers mimicking avian wings, launching from a hill near Córdoba around 875 CE at age 65; the device sustained a controlled glide for over ten minutes before a hard landing caused injury, leading him to identify the need for a tail-like stabilizer for descent control—an insight derived from direct failure analysis predating similar European efforts by centuries.^[28] ^[29] Earlier, he collaborated on a rudimentary parachute: assisting Armen Firman in rigging a large cloak with wooden struts and baskets, which enabled a safe descent from a minaret in 808 CE, validating drag-based slowing via empirical test.^[30] These aviation precursors relied on observable bird mechanics rather than theoretical abstraction, highlighting causal links between wing shape, balance, and trajectory stability. Firnas engineered a water clock termed al-Maqata, incorporating outflow mechanisms to track time intervals with mechanical precision, building on Hellenistic clepsydra designs but adapted for local astrological use.^[29] In glassmaking, he developed techniques for producing colorless glass from quartz, enabling clearer lenses and vessels; this involved high-temperature fusion processes that yielded fused silica prototypes, improving transparency for optical applications and surpassing contemporaneous opaque varieties in Andalusia.^[29] He also crafted planispheres from glass to project celestial motions and experimented with corrective lenses for vision enhancement, applying empirical polishing to rock crystal for rudimentary spectacles.^[30] Astronomically, his armillary sphere modeled planetary paths, aiding predictive calculations through geared simulations verified against naked-eye observations.^[29] These innovations, while incremental atop prior knowledge from Abbasid exchanges, underscore Firnas's role in localized prototyping; their impacts persisted in Iberian craftsmanship, with glass techniques influencing later medieval optics, though attribution relies on historiographical chains prone to embellishment absent original artifacts.^[31] No other Abbas-named figures from the era match his documented inventive output in verifiable records.

Modern political and cultural figures

Mahmoud Abbas, born on March 26, 1935, has served as chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since November 11, 2004, and president of the Palestinian Authority (PA) since January 15, 2005, following his election in the last presidential vote held that year.^[32] As a key negotiator, Abbas signed the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993, representing the PLO in the Declaration of Principles that established interim self-government arrangements with Israel.^[33] Under his leadership, the PA achieved non-member observer state status for Palestine at the United Nations on November 29, 2012, allowing participation in General Assembly proceedings without voting rights on key resolutions.^[34] However, Abbas has faced persistent accusations of authoritarianism, including delaying elections beyond his four-year term, with no presidential polls since 2005 and parliamentary elections last held in 2006; a planned 2021 vote was postponed amid internal disputes and restrictions on campaigning in East Jerusalem.^[35] The PA under Abbas has been criticized for systemic corruption, with reports documenting embezzlement of billions in international aid, including instances where officials recovered $70 million in misappropriated funds in 2016 amid donor pressure, though broader governance failures persist.^[36] ^[37] Additionally, the PA's "martyrs fund" allocates approximately 7% of its annual budget—around $330 million as of 2018—to stipends for families of militants killed or imprisoned for attacks on Israelis, a policy dubbed "pay for slay" that incentivizes violence despite Abbas's occasional decrees to reform it, with payments continuing into 2025. Abbas's 1982 doctoral dissertation, The Other Side: The Secret Relationship Between Nazism and Zionism, alleged Zionist collaboration with Nazis and minimized Holocaust death tolls, claiming figures far below historical consensus, such as suggesting fewer than one million Jewish victims overall; he later expressed regret in 2014 but reiterated minimization in a 2023 speech attributing Nazi actions to non-antisemitic motives like usury.^[4] ^[6] These elements have contributed to PA economic dependency on aid, high unemployment exceeding 25% in the West Bank, and stalled state-building, undermining Oslo's implementation.^[38] Ferhat Abbas (1899–1985) was an Algerian intellectual and nationalist who initially advocated for assimilation of educated Algerians into French citizenship through reforms like the 1931 manifesto seeking equal rights within the colonial framework.^[39] Disillusioned by the French rejection of proposals such as the Viollette Plan and post-World War II failures, he shifted toward demands for independence, authoring the 1946 Manifesto of the Algerian People calling for a sovereign constituent assembly and influencing the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN). Abbas headed the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic from 1958 to 1961, negotiating with France during the Evian Accords that led to independence on July 5, 1962.^[40] Post-independence, ideological inconsistencies between his moderate federalism and the FLN's radical socialism led to marginalization; he was sidelined by Ahmed Ben Bella's regime, placed under house arrest from 1964 to 1968 and again in 1972, dying in obscurity amid the one-party state's consolidation.^[41] Abbas Kiarostami (1940–2016) was an Iranian filmmaker renowned for minimalist, poetic realism that blended documentary elements with fiction to explore everyday existential themes, influencing global arthouse cinema through works like Close-Up (1990) and The Wind Will Carry Us (1999).^[42] His film Taste of Cherry (1997) won the Palme d'Or at Cannes, depicting a man's suicidal contemplation amid rural Iranian landscapes, praised for its subtle humanism yet critiqued for evading direct political confrontation under censorship.^[43] Operating within Iran's strict regulatory system, Kiarostami navigated approvals by embedding anti-regime subtexts in ambiguity—such as critiques of clerical authority—but faced bans on films like Ten (2002) for portraying women's oppression and Certified Copy (2010) preemptively, prompting later productions abroad and highlighting regime suppression of artistic dissent.^[44] His approach prioritized philosophical inquiry over overt activism, earning international acclaim while domestic access remained limited due to piracy reliance and official restrictions.^[45]

Places

In Algeria

Aït Abbas is a village and historical site in Tizi Ouzou Province, Algeria, situated in the Kabylie region inhabited primarily by Berber (Kabyle) populations with historical Arabic influences from migrations and trade. The locality centers on the Kalâa of Aït Abbas, a fortified settlement that served as the capital of the Kingdom of Ait Abbas, established in the 16th century by the Ait Abbas tribe following their displacement from the M'zab region due to conflicts with other Berber groups. The kingdom maintained semi-autonomy under nominal Ottoman suzerainty from the Regency of Algiers, allying with Ottoman forces against Spanish incursions in North Africa during the 16th and 17th centuries; this period saw the construction of defensive borjs (towers) and administrative structures that integrated Berber tribal governance with Ottoman military practices. The polity endured until 1871, when French colonial forces subdued it during the Mokrani Revolt, incorporating the area into French Algeria. Economically, the surrounding area relies on subsistence agriculture, leveraging terraced slopes for crops such as olives, figs, and cereals, adapted to the Mediterranean climate and rugged terrain; this agrarian focus reflects pre-colonial Berber land management practices, with Ottoman-era influences limited to enhanced fortification rather than transformative settlement patterns.^[46] The villages exhibit architectural refinements atypical of rural Berber communities, including stone-built kasbahs, stemming from the kingdom's centralized rule. No major demographic shifts or controversies mark the site's modern history, which remains tied to Kabyle cultural preservation amid Algeria's post-independence centralization.

In Azerbaijan

Abbasabad is a village and municipality located in Yardymli District in southern Azerbaijan, situated in the Talysh Mountains region near the Iranian border.^[47] The name Abbasabad, derived from the Persian elements ʿAbbās (referring to a figure named Abbas, often the Shia saint Abbas ibn Ali) and ābād (meaning "inhabited" or "prosperous place"), exemplifies a common toponymic pattern in Caucasian Muslim communities, reflecting historical Persianate and Islamic influences in the area.^[48] As a small rural settlement, it features typical post-Soviet economic structures centered on agriculture, including cultivation of subtropical crops like tea, nuts, and fruits, with private farming predominant following the dissolution of collective systems in the 1990s. The municipality encompasses Abbasabad and adjacent hamlets, maintaining a low-profile existence with no recorded major historical events or conflicts, underscoring its role as an unremarkable agrarian outpost in Azerbaijan's diverse landscape.^[47] Another locale bearing the name Abbas exists as a village and municipality in Shaki District, northwest Azerbaijan, approximately 250 kilometers from Baku.^[49] Formerly known as Abbaskənd until 1999, it shares the same etymological roots tied to Islamic nomenclature prevalent in the region. This settlement aligns with Shaki's broader cultural context of traditional crafts like silk production and mountain agriculture, though it remains a minor rural entity without distinct historical prominence amid the area's UNESCO-recognized heritage sites.^[49]

In Iraq

The Al-Abbas Holy Shrine in Karbala serves as the burial site of Abbas ibn Ali and constitutes the principal Abbas-associated religious landmark in Iraq, drawing Shia pilgrims for its ties to the events of Karbala in 680 CE. Situated immediately adjacent to the Imam Husayn Shrine, the complex features a golden-domed mausoleum, prayer halls, and expansive courtyards designed to accommodate mass gatherings, with ongoing expansions including modern porticos and protective enclosures added since the Safavid era in the 17th century.^[21]^[50] Annual commemorations, particularly the Arbaeen pilgrimage marking the 40th day after Imam Husayn's martyrdom, see the shrine receive millions of visitors; in 2025, Karbala recorded over 21.1 million pilgrims, with the Al-Abbas Shrine employing AI-powered electronic counters to track attendance peaking at approximately 21 million. Infrastructure supports this influx through dedicated walkways linking the two shrines, volunteer networks exceeding 7,000 for services, and enhanced security protocols amid Iraq's sectarian tensions.^[51]^[52] Sectarian conflicts have periodically disrupted access and inflicted damage on the site, including air strikes, looting, and desecrations during 20th-century upheavals, as well as ISIS-claimed bombings in Karbala in 2016 that killed eight near pilgrimage routes. Despite such incidents, the shrine's custodians have restored structures and maintained operations, underscoring its enduring role in Shia veneration even as broader instability in Iraq, including ISIS campaigns against Shia holy sites from 2014 onward, heightened risks to pilgrims.^[53]^[54]

In Iran

Bandar Abbas, the capital of Hormozgan Province, lies on the northern shore of the Strait of Hormuz and functions as Iran's principal southern port for international trade and oil shipments. Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty renamed the settlement from its prior designation as Gamrun in 1622, following the expulsion of Portuguese forces from nearby Hormuz Island with British naval assistance, thereby elevating it as a strategic commercial hub to supplant the declining island port.^[55]^[56] The city's population exceeds 530,000 residents, supporting its role in handling bulk imports from Asia and exports of petroleum products critical to Iran's economy, while its position enables oversight of maritime traffic entering the Persian Gulf.^[57] Recent infrastructure expansions, including free trade zones, have bolstered its naval and logistical significance amid regional geopolitical tensions.^[58] The Abbasabad Historical Complex, situated near Behshahr in Mazandaran Province, represents a pinnacle of Safavid landscape architecture, commissioned by Shah Abbas I in the early 17th century to integrate gardens, reservoirs, and pavilions amid the Alborz Mountains' foothills. Spanning approximately 500 hectares, it features a massive earthen dam impounding a 600,000-cubic-meter lake for irrigation, terraced layouts channeling water via qanats, and octagonal structures exemplifying hydraulic engineering adapted to humid, forested terrain.^[59]^[60] Recognized in 2011 as part of UNESCO's Persian Gardens serial site, the complex underscores causal linkages between monarchical patronage, resource management, and aesthetic ideals, distinct from arid Persian paradigms.^[61] Smaller settlements named Abbasabad dot provinces like Khuzestan (e.g., in Gotvand County) and Lorestan (e.g., in Aligudarz County), typically rural villages with populations under 500 as of early 21st-century censuses, embodying widespread toponymic homage to Abbasid or Safavid legacies amid tribal Persianate cultures but without comparable historical monuments or economic prominence.^[62] These locales often sustain agriculture or pastoralism, reflecting post-Safavid naming persistence rather than direct foundational ties to Shah Abbas I's initiatives.

In the United Kingdom

Several villages in Dorset, England, incorporate "Abbas" in their names, deriving from the Latin abbas meaning "abbess," in reference to lands historically owned by the Benedictine nunnery of Shaftesbury Abbey, founded in the early 8th century. This ecclesiastical origin stems from Old English place-name elements denoting estates or farms (tūn) associated with the abbess's holdings, unrelated to the Arabic personal name Abbas, which originates from a term meaning "stern" or "austere" and is linked to pre-Islamic Arabian nomenclature. Compton Abbas, a rural parish in north Dorset, exemplifies this etymology: its name combines Old English cumb-tūn ("farmstead in a valley") with abbas, denoting ownership by Shaftesbury Abbey. The village, centered around St. Mary's Church (a 12th-century structure with later additions), had a population of 216 as recorded in the 2011 census.^[63]^[64] Milton Abbas, also in Dorset, traces its "Abbas" suffix to the nearby Milton Abbey, a monastery established around 933 by King Athelstan as a Benedictine house. The original settlement, known as Middleton ("middle farm"), developed as a market town adjacent to the abbey but was largely demolished between 1773 and 1779 by Joseph Damer, 1st Earl of Dorchester, who relocated approximately 120 displaced residents to a newly planned village of 36 paired thatched cottages arranged in a picturesque curve. This redesign aimed to create an aesthetically pleasing rural vista from the earl's Milton Abbey estate, marking one of England's earliest examples of landscape-driven village replanning. The parish maintains a small population focused on agriculture and heritage tourism, with the abbey ruins and model village attracting visitors.^[65] Winterbourne Abbas, situated in the South Winterbourne valley west of Dorchester, derives its name from Old English wintra burna ("winter stream," referring to a seasonal watercourse) prefixed to abbas, again signifying Shaftesbury Abbey's tenure. The parish, encompassing prehistoric barrows and a 12th-century church dedicated to St. Mary, remains a sparsely populated rural area emphasizing its valley setting and ties to ancient ecclesiastical land grants.^[66]

References

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Ferhat Abbas | Research Starters - EBSCO
Ferhat Abbas was a prominent Algerian politician, writer, and an influential figure in the movement for Algerian independence from French colonial rule.Missing: fate | Show results with:fate
[43]
Ferhat Abbas, Vichy's National Revolution, and the Memory of ... - jstor
Report to Pétain represents a key moment in Abbas's political development from moderate reformism towards calling for Algerian independence. It was indeed ...Missing: post- fate
[44]
Director Abbas Kiarostami Balanced Realism and Poetry, Censors ...
Jul 5, 2016 · Kiarostami made in Iran. Even Iran's master filmmaker had to work his way around the country's censors. He was extremely successful in these ...
[45]
Abbas Kiarostami's Transcendental Style | The Point Magazine
Feb 26, 2010 · In a sign of fair-minded censorship, Iran banned Kiarostami's next film, Certified Copy (2009), before it was even completed. 1. Of course, ...
[46]
Abbas Kiarostami | The official website of the Praemium Imperiale
In 2002 he premiered at Cannes his controversial film Ten，which dealt with Iranian women and was not approved by Iranian censorship officials. Kiarostami has a ...
[47]
A Red Carpet for Kiarostami, A Director Who Was Always Censored
Jul 10, 2016 · Nowadays, Iranians have to rely on piracy even to see films the Ministry of Culture once approved of, such as Where Is the Friend's Home? (1987) ...
[48]
Kingdom of Beni Abbas - Wikiwand
The villages of the region are characterised by a certain urban refinement unusual in Berber villages, and this legacy originates with the Kingdom of Ait Abbas.
[49]
Abbasabad Map - Hamlet - Yardimli District, Azerbaijan - Mapcarta
Abbasabad is a village and municipality in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 596. The municipality consists of the villages of Abbasabad ...
[50]
ʿABBĀSĀBĀD - Encyclopaedia Iranica
Kamran Ekbal, “ʿABBĀSĀBĀD,” Encyclopædia Iranica, I/1, pp. 85-86; an updated version is available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abbasabad- ...Missing: etymology Azerbaijan
[51]
Abbas Map - Hamlet - Shaki, Azerbaijan - Mapcarta
Abbas is a village and municipality in the Shaki Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 548. Abbas has about 548 residents.
[52]
Al-Abbas ibn Ali (peace be upon him) - العتبة الحسينية المقدسة
Jul 22, 2025 · He is remembered for his unmatched loyalty, bravery, and sacrifice in the land of Karbala, standing as a timeless symbol of devotion to truth ...Missing: significance | Show results with:significance
[53]
Al-Abbas Holy Shrine Announces Number of Pilgrims Participating ...
Aug 18, 2025 · The Al-Abbas Holy Shrine relied on an advanced electronic counting system powered by artificial intelligence to record the number of visitors ...
[54]
Over 21.1 million pilgrims visited Karbala for Arbaeen this year
Aug 15, 2025 · The annual Arbaeen pilgrimage attracts more than 21.1 million Muslim devotees to Iraq's holy city of Karbala.
[55]
Recalling the violations suffered by the shrine of Aba Al-Fadl Al ...
Mar 6, 2020 · The shrine was subjected to air and ground strikes, direct hits causing damage, a storm, arrests, executions, looting, and desecration of the ...
[56]
What does ISIS Attack in Karbala Mean? - ORSAM
8 people died and over 20 people were wounded in the attack launched with a bomb-laden vehicle in Karbala on 7 June 2016. ISIS took the blame for the attack.Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[57]
BANDAR-E ʿABBAS(I) i. The City - Encyclopaedia Iranica
Bandar-e ʿAbbās's population has quite recently swelled with refugees from the Iran-Iraq war; in summer 1984, the municipality estimated that 185,850 people ...
[58]
about bandar abbas
... Shah Abbas I and expelling the Portuguese from Iran, in honor of this victory, Gambron was renamed to Bandar Abbas ... history has made this area to have ...
[59]
The role of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in waterpipe ...
Sep 4, 2023 · Design and participants Bandar Abbas, a city with a total population of 530 thousand and about 25 thousand (local residents and workers) in its ...<|separator|>
[60]
Bandar Abbas offers unique blend of history, culture and natural ...
Jul 28, 2023 · The strategic location of Bandar Abbas has made it an important city throughout the history of Iran. The people of Bandar Abbas are famous ...Missing: population | Show results with:population
[61]
Abbas Abad Historical Complex in Northern Iran - EavarTravel
Jun 15, 2024 · This garden is one of Iran's most valuable and prestigious historical gardens and has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site due to ...
[62]
Abbasabad historical garden under spotlight - iFilm
Jul 19, 2022 · Abbasabad, which lies at the foot of Alborz Mountains, is one of the most important and largest historical gardens in Iran. It has an area of 500 hectares.
[63]
Abbas Abad Historical Complex | Visit iran
In 2011, this beautiful complex is registered as UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with eight other gardens, under the title of “Persian Garden”. Tags. Art &amp ...
[64]
Utilization of cervical cancer screening services and its associated ...
Mar 11, 2023 · Bandar Abbas has a population of 352,173 making it the largest city in Hormozgan. The coastal city of Bandar Abbas has commercial affairs ...
[65]
COMPTON ABBAS PARISH
In the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 216. The name Compton Abbas derives from the Saxon "cumb-ton", meaning 'village in a narrow valley ...
[66]
Local Area Report - Compton Abbas Parish - Nomis
This report covers the characteristics of people and households in Compton Abbas Parish in North Dorset (GSS code E04003401). Figures are sourced from the 2011 ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[67]
A History of Milton Abbas
Milton Abbas was originally called Middleton, which meant middle tun the middle farm or hamlet. In about 933 a Saxon king, Athelstan founded a monastery there.
[68]
https://www.dorsetcouncil.gov.uk/documents/35024/318429/Milton_Abbas_Summary_February_2011.pdf/2ec5a536-fac6-0abe-cff2-37a3c3d43050