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Al Haymon

Al Haymon (born April 21, 1955) is an American businessman and boxing manager renowned for his behind-the-scenes influence in professional boxing, having transitioned from concert promotion to managing elite fighters including Floyd Mayweather Jr. after entering the sport in 2000. A Harvard Business School graduate with a bachelor's in economics, Haymon built his early career promoting urban music acts such as the O'Jays, Whitney Houston, and Mary J. Blige, pioneering multi-artist tour packages in the 1970s and 1980s before applying similar strategies to boxing. He has earned multiple Al Buck Awards as Manager of the Year from the Boxing Writers Association of America for guiding fighters to undefeated records and major bouts, amassing a stable of over 30 world champions at his peak. Haymon founded (PBC) in 2015, securing broadcast deals with networks like and Showtime to emphasize free-to-air and premium cable events, which temporarily boosted mainstream visibility but drew antitrust scrutiny from rivals accusing him of monopolistic control over talent and matchmaking in violation of the Ali Act. Though lawsuits were dismissed or settled, his reclusive style and fighter loyalty have sustained his dominance amid ongoing challenges from international promoters undercutting pay-per-view models.

Early Life and Background

Childhood and Education

Al Haymon was born on April 21, 1955, in , , where he spent his formative years in a city known for its industrial heritage and diverse communities. Public details about his family remain sparse, reflecting Haymon's longstanding commitment to privacy, though his mother, Emma Lou Haymon, worked as an and served as a key personal influence during his upbringing. Haymon graduated from High School in in 1973 before pursuing at , where he studied . He subsequently earned a from , completing degrees that equipped him with analytical and managerial foundations.

Music Industry Career

Entry into Entertainment

Al Haymon began his involvement in the music industry as a student at Harvard University, where he financed and promoted his first concert featuring jazz violinist Jean-Luc Ponty using student loans. After graduating, he established early connections in Cleveland, Ohio—where he had grown up—by developing a professional relationship with the R&B group the O'Jays, marking his transition from academic observer to active participant in local promotion. In the late and throughout the , Haymon expanded into organizing larger urban music events, co-founding the Budweiser Superfest in 1979 with partner Phil Casey, which staged over 1,000 concerts featuring R&B and acts until 1999. He promoted shows in Cleveland's music scene, focusing on logistical control by establishing affiliated companies for production, lighting, marketing, and other elements, which allowed efficient packaging of multiple acts into tours—a pioneering approach among urban promoters at the time. By 1991, his efforts culminated in promoting approximately 500 shows that grossed $60 million, building a reputation for operational precision. Haymon relocated operations to Los Angeles, where he networked within hip-hop and R&B circles, collaborating with artists including , M.C. Hammer, , , and . These partnerships, often involving Prince's associated acts, highlighted his skill in handling complex event logistics, setting the stage for his company's growth through A. H. Enterprises, which he later sold a majority stake in to SFX Entertainment in 1999 while retaining creative oversight.

Tour Management and Productions

In the early 1990s, Al Haymon, partnering with Phil Casey through AH Enterprises, pioneered the packaging of multiple urban acts into cohesive concert tours, an operational that enabled scalable profitability in R&B and promotions amid fragmented markets. This approach addressed logistical challenges in high-stakes environments, including securing venues and coordinating artists across regions where urban music events faced inconsistent demand and security issues. Haymon's firm handled tours featuring emerging talents like those from Uptown/, including and , emphasizing efficient routing and bundled billing to maximize attendance and revenue per show. Haymon extended this model to large-scale productions, notably securing a multi-year agreement to produce the Superfest, transforming a previously erratic series into a reliable urban music staple from the late 1980s onward. The 1993 edition, under Haymon's oversight, spanned 40 cities over two months, featuring R&B and lineups that drew consistent crowds through strategic artist curation and nationwide promotion. This event exemplified his focus on risk mitigation via pre-planned itineraries and partnerships with sponsors like , which stabilized finances against variable ticket sales in diverse markets. By mid-decade, Haymon's operations grossed tens of millions annually from hundreds of shows, reflecting disciplined scaling that prioritized promoter control over artist splits and venue negotiations to ensure consistent execution. His involvement in early Entertainment tours, aligning with Puff Daddy's rise, further demonstrated adept handling of hip-hop's volatile dynamics, including multi-act logistics that supported rising commercial viability without diluting operational oversight. These efforts established Haymon as a behind-the-scenes architect of urban tour economics, emphasizing data-driven routing over ad-hoc bookings.

Entry and Rise in Boxing

Initial Involvement in Combat Sports

Al Haymon's entry into combat sports occurred around 2000, marking a pivot from his established career in music promotion to advisory roles in . Drawing on his experience organizing hundreds of concerts for artists including and Puff Daddy, Haymon applied business acumen from the entertainment sector to identify opportunities in , where he began collaborating informally with fighters to navigate contracts and visibility challenges. His initial involvement centered on Vernon Forrest, a 1992 U.S. Olympian from Georgia, whom Haymon advised prior to Forrest's professional bouts. This advisory capacity evolved into formal management credits by 2002, with Haymon's presence noted during Forrest's July 20 fight against Shane Mosley, signaling his structured entry into the industry. Haymon's music-derived networks facilitated alternative funding streams and promotional leverage, enabling him to sidestep traditional promoter gatekeepers by focusing on fighter-centric advising rather than event production. This approach disrupted established hierarchies, as Haymon secured resources through entertainment ties without a promoter's , prioritizing strategic over conventional dominance.

Early Management Successes

Haymon's entry into boxing management yielded early successes through strategic guidance of fighters like , whom he signed around 2000 and steered to unified welterweight titles via victories over in 2002, marking Haymon's initial demonstration of matchmaking acumen in securing high-stakes bouts that elevated client profiles. These outcomes contrasted with industry norms where emerging managers often struggled for title opportunities, as Forrest's back-to-back wins generated purses exceeding $1 million each against top competition, far above typical mid-tier earnings of under $500,000 at the time. In 2005, Haymon earned the Al Buck Manager of the Year award from the , recognizing his role in fostering fighter advancements amid a fragmented promotional landscape. This accolade preceded his pivotal advisory role with , beginning in 2006 when Haymon facilitated Mayweather's $750,000 buyout from his contract, enabling independent negotiations that prioritized fighter autonomy over promoter lock-ins. Under Haymon's influence from onward, Mayweather maintained an undefeated 50-0 record across 18 fights, including tactical selections like the 2007 bout against , which drew 2.4 million pay-per-view buys and yielded Mayweather a $10 million purse—doubling his prior highs and outpacing contemporaries like Manny Pacquiao's $8 million for similar matchups. Purses escalated further, with Mayweather netting over $250 million for the 2015 Pacquiao fight alone, reflecting Haymon's leverage that secured 60% splits versus standard 50/50 or promoter-favored terms, amassing career earnings surpassing $1 billion in pay-per-view by emphasizing direct broadcaster deals. Haymon received the Al Buck award again in 2013, underscoring sustained pre-PBC results in maximizing fighter financial control through free-market bargaining.

Premier Boxing Champions (PBC)

Founding and Launch (2015)

Premier Boxing Champions (PBC) was established by Al Haymon in early 2015 as a promotion series designed to prioritize broadcast television accessibility, utilizing time-buy agreements with networks rather than relying on or premium cable exclusivity. Haymon, operating through his advisory firm Haymon Boxing, secured a multi-year deal with Sports Group announced on , 2015, committing to 20 live events across and that year, with Haymon funding the airtime purchases to enable ad-supported free viewing. This approach inverted the traditional model where networks paid promoters, instead allowing Haymon to control matchmaking while networks handled advertising sales. The inaugural PBC event aired on March 7, 2015, from the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, headlined by welterweight contenders Keith Thurman defeating Robert Guerrero by unanimous decision and co-headlined by Adrien Broner outpointing John Molina Jr. over 12 rounds. Broadcast in prime time on NBC—the network's first major boxing telecast in over a decade—the card attracted 3.4 million viewers, marking the highest-rated boxing event on U.S. broadcast television since 1998 and outperforming recent UFC broadcasts on Fox in key demographics. Subsequent early cards expanded to other networks, including CBS's debut on April 4, 2015, featuring light heavyweight champion Adonis Stevenson defending his WBC title. Haymon financed PBC's launch with hundreds of millions from private investors, including substantial commitments from firms like Waddell & Reed, enabling expenditures such as $2.5 million for the debut alone and $20 million overall for airtime in 2015. This capital infusion supported Haymon's strategy of consolidating fighter representation under his non-promoter advisory structure, which aimed to mitigate perceived exploitative practices by established promoters like and by centralizing event production and distribution while positioning PBC as a fighter-centric alternative. Initial events underscored this by featuring Haymon-managed talents in high-profile matchups, drawing broad audiences and signaling a shift toward mass-market exposure over insular cable dominance.

Business Model and Innovations

Premier Boxing Champions (PBC), under Al Haymon's direction, operates a model centered on advisory and managerial oversight rather than traditional promotional ownership, enabling fighters and their representatives to retain greater control over negotiations and revenue allocation. In this structure, nominal promoters serve as licensees receiving fixed fees for staging events, which contrasts with conventional arrangements where promoters often claim 20-25% or more of a fighter's purse as a cut. Haymon's firm typically takes a 10-15% managerial fee, lower than industry standards for managers, allowing boxers to receive higher net purses by minimizing intermediary deductions. This fighter-focused approach prioritizes direct payout elevation over promoter profit maximization, with early PBC cards disbursing $19.2 million in purses across 10 events in 2015. PBC's distribution strategy innovates through multi-network licensing deals, securing slots on broadcast and cable outlets including , , Spike TV (now ), and , to achieve wider exposure compared to or premium cable reliance. The March 2015 NBC debut drew 3.37 million viewers, the highest boxing audience on network TV in 17 years and surpassing recent or Showtime averages for non- events. Subsequent cards averaged around 500,000 viewers on Spike TV, broadening reach to non-subscribers but trading premium pricing for volume potential in ad-supported formats. This diversification reduces dependency on single platforms like , which commanded higher per-viewer but narrower audiences pre-2018 exit from . Key structural innovations include upfront investment in time buys and site arrangements, funded by $425-525 million from investors like Waddell & Reed, to front-load fighter compensation and event costs. By acquiring TV inventory directly and sharing upside from gates and sponsorships post-initial outlays, PBC elevated average purses in its formative years; for instance, 2015-2016 payouts often exceeded traditional promoter offers by multiples, with reports of "insane" sums drawing fighters away from rivals. This capital-intensive method, emphasizing long-term audience building over immediate profitability, facilitated verifiable purse growth, though sustained by Haymon's of over 30 managed fighters by 2015.

Key Events and Expansions

In 2015, shortly after PBC's launch, Al Haymon benefited from the high-profile Mayweather-Pacquiao bout on , which generated over $400 million in revenue, including proceeds from contractual ticket entitlements tied to Haymon's advisory role with Mayweather. This windfall supported PBC's early operational scaling, enabling initial broadcasting partnerships that expanded reach beyond to platforms like for live events starting May 7. PBC's inaugural card on Network on March 7 featured operational milestones in presentation, setting a template for subsequent network integrations. By 2018, PBC broadened its broadcasting footprint through a four-year, multi-platform deal with , announced September 5, committing to 10 annual prime-time fight nights on Fox broadcast alongside events on FS1 and . Concurrently, a three-year extension with Showtime through 2021, revealed August 30, facilitated a significant increase in live programming volume. These agreements marked PBC's strategic pivot toward diversified network alliances, enhancing event frequency and audience accessibility. Following the 2020 onset of the , PBC adapted by maintaining a robust schedule of nine live events on Showtime in alone, emphasizing undefeated fighters to sustain momentum amid venue restrictions. This resilience extended into streaming integrations, with events shifting to platforms like Prime Video by April 2025 for clashes. In early 2025, PBC forged a partnership with Turki Alalshikh and , enabling co-promoted cards that leveraged Saudi investment for global expansion. In October 2025, PBC signed junior welterweight Abel Mendoza to a multi-fight deal with TGB Promotions, bolstering its roster of undefeated prospects despite industry scrutiny over opponents' quality. This move underscored PBC's ongoing talent acquisition amid competitive pressures from rivals seeking to poach established fighters, reinforcing operational stability through prospect development.

Management Philosophy and Practices

Fighter Empowerment and Contracts

Al Haymon's management philosophy emphasizes protecting fighters from exploitative structures prevalent in , where long-term exclusive promotional contracts often left boxers dependent on a few powerful promoters. In a 2015 deposition, Haymon stated, "When I began to examine the business relationships then prevalent in , including the long-term promotional contracts being offered to fighters by promoters, I quickly realised that professional boxers were largely at the mercy of a few powerful promoters. I therefore began advising the boxers I managed not to sign long-term promotional agreements… Instead, I encouraged my clients to sign single bout agreements with a promoter of their choosing for each fight." This approach positions fighters as independent contractors, granting them agency to select promoters on a per-fight basis and avoid ceding long-term control over their careers. Haymon structures his arrangements as exclusive advisory agreements through entities like Haymon Sports LLC, which provide services for securing bouts, endorsements, and while imposing a duty to act in the fighter's best interest—contrasting with promoters' mere obligation of . These contracts typically span 5 to 7 years, with automatic extensions possible for title fights or TV deals, and cap management fees at 10 percent of the purse, often lower (5 percent or less) for elite fighters. Fees frequently include thresholds, deferring payment until purses exceed $100,000 to $1 million, and may involve advances repaid only above specified levels, reducing immediate financial burdens. This contrasts sharply with traditional models, where managers claim up to one-third of purses alongside promoter shares, often under multi-year exclusives that limit fighter options and inflate intermediary costs. Empirical evidence supports higher net earnings under Haymon's model, as the reduced 10-15 percent advisory cut—versus the industry standard of around 33 percent for managers alone—allows fighters to retain a larger portion of event revenues, including TV rights and sponsorships directed toward them rather than promoters. By prioritizing single-bout flexibility and guidance, Haymon's framework fosters long-term career health, advising against overexposure to risks that could diminish a fighter's value, thereby aligning incentives with sustained earning potential over short-term exploitation.

Matchmaking and Strategic Decisions

Haymon's matchmaking emphasizes a protective, incremental approach, selecting opponents that allow clients to build formidable records while minimizing early-career risks, thereby enhancing their for future high-stakes bouts. This strategy has facilitated achievements such as multi-division championships for fighters like , who secured titles at , super lightweight, and under Haymon's management. By avoiding mismatches in developmental phases, Haymon's clients often enter prime negotiations with superior leverage, as evidenced by the undefeated streaks compiled by stablemates prior to marquee events. Critics contend this method constitutes "cherry-picking," where fighters face overmatched opposition to inflate win percentages, fostering perceptions of padded resumes over genuine competition. Such tactics have sparked fan discontent, particularly in (PBC) cards perceived as lacking depth, with opponents selected more for winnability than stylistic challenge. Haymon's exhibits notably high win rates—often exceeding 90% for top prospects in early PBC years—compared to broader industry figures for similarly ranked fighters, though this disparity is attributed directly to opponent curation rather than superior skill alone. Strategic delays in superfights underscore Haymon's focus on purse maximization, as prolonged inactivity ensures bouts occur only under terms yielding optimal financial returns. For example, Broner's extended periods without fights, including a notable hiatus prompting his April 2021 public plea to Haymon for more activity, reflect this calculus, prioritizing lucrative paydays over frequent exposure despite resulting in reduced ring time and career momentum. While this has preserved fighter value for events like Broner's with , it has fueled accusations of stagnation, balancing economic gains against criticisms of diminished output and entertainment.

Notable Clients and Achievements

High-Profile Fighters Managed

Al Haymon's advisory and management roles have been instrumental in the careers of several top-tier boxers, enabling them to secure world titles and maximize commercial appeal through strategic matchmaking and promotional leverage. His core stable features Floyd Mayweather Jr., whose undefeated 50-0 record included 15 major world titles across five weight classes, with Haymon guiding negotiations for blockbuster events that collectively exceeded 30 million buys, including the record 4.6 million for the 2015 bout against . Mayweather's early crossover appeal, blending with music and entertainment elements facilitated by Haymon's prior concert promotion experience, amplified his marketability from the mid-1990s onward. Deontay Wilder stands as another flagship client, whom Haymon signed prior to his professional breakout; Wilder captured the heavyweight title in 2015 via a 12th-round of and defended it successfully 10 times, establishing Haymon's influence in the heavyweight division through high-stakes defenses that drew over 1 million PPV buys in key matchups. , managed by Haymon since his amateur days, has claimed IBF super featherweight, WBA , and WBA super lightweight titles, with his aggressive style and ratio above 85% positioning him as a modern PPV headliner, evidenced by the 1.25 million buys for his 2023 fight against . These fighters exemplify Haymon's approach to building a roster of versatile talents who have collectively amassed over 30 world titles and generated billions in revenue, underscoring his emphasis on fighter and selective high-reward opportunities rather than volume . While Haymon's extends to other champions like and the Charlo brothers, the enduring impact of Mayweather, Wilder, and highlights his role in elevating individual legacies amid a fragmented promotional landscape.

Industry Awards and Financial Impacts

Haymon received the Al Buck Award for Manager of the Year from the in 2005 and 2013, recognizing his exceptional advisory and management contributions to top fighters. He earned the award again in 2012, underscoring consistent excellence in elevating client careers amid a promoter-heavy industry. The founding of (PBC) in 2015 amplified Haymon's financial influence, establishing the largest annual budget in at the time, exceeding $125 million yearly through network deals and event production. PBC's model prioritized fighter payouts, often delivering purses 2-3 times above industry norms for comparable matchups by minimizing intermediary promoter fees and leveraging broadcast television partnerships. This shift empowered fighters with direct negotiations, increasing their earnings share and disrupting traditional economics where promoters historically retained larger cuts. Federal court rulings validated PBC's competitive approach, dismissing antitrust claims of monopolistic control; for example, in January 2017, a U.S. judge granted to Haymon in ' lawsuit, finding insufficient evidence of illegal market dominance. By emphasizing broadcasts on networks like and , PBC fostered broader accessibility and rivalry with reliant entities, ultimately channeling more revenue streams to participants and sustaining higher overall activity levels in the sport.

Controversies and Criticisms

Legal Challenges from Competitors

In July 2015, Inc., a prominent boxing promotion company led by , filed a federal antitrust lawsuit against Al Haymon and his associated entities, including Haymon Boxing LLC and investors in (PBC). The complaint alleged that Haymon violated the and the of 2000 by functioning simultaneously as a manager and promoter, thereby creating conflicts of interest and engaging in predatory practices to monopolize the market for high-level boxing events. sought $100 million in damages and an injunction to halt Haymon's PBC operations, claiming they absorbed short-term losses to drive competitors out. The case was settled out of court in late 2015, with no admission of wrongdoing by Haymon, and details of the agreement remained confidential. Separately, in October 2015, , founded by , initiated a $300 million antitrust lawsuit against Haymon in U.S. District Court in , echoing similar accusations of monopolistic behavior. The suit claimed Haymon and PBC used "sham" promoters to circumvent regulations, tied fighter management contracts to exclusive promotion services, and wielded over "championship-caliber " to exclude rivals from U.S.-based events since January 2015. On January 26, 2017, U.S. District Judge John F. Walter granted Haymon's motion for , dismissing the case with prejudice and ruling that failed to demonstrate Haymon's possession of power, actual anticompetitive effects, or a relevant market definition supporting the claims. These legal actions emerged amid PBC's rapid market entry, which challenged the dominance of established promoters like and by securing lucrative network deals and attracting top talent. The settlement in the case and outright dismissal of 's suit—without findings of liability—suggest the challenges stemmed more from competitive displacement than verifiable antitrust violations, as courts found insufficient evidence of illegal conduct. No further major lawsuits from competitors have succeeded in substantiating such allegations against Haymon's operations.

Allegations of Monopoly and Inactivity

Critics, primarily rival promoters such as and , have accused Al Haymon of engaging in monopolistic practices through (PBC), alleging that his control over a large roster of fighters and exclusive deals with broadcasters stifled competition. In a 2015 lawsuit, claimed Haymon violated antitrust laws by using "sham" promoters while effectively acting as both manager and promoter, securing extended exclusionary contracts that tied up championship-caliber boxers and aimed to dominate the market, seeking over $300 million in damages. Similarly, 's filed a $100 million antitrust suit in 2015, asserting Haymon obtained exclusivity from networks like and Showtime to block rivals and manipulated venue bookings to hinder competitors' events. These claims arose amid PBC's rapid expansion following its 2015 launch, which secured significant TV deals and signed numerous high-profile fighters, leading to perceptions of market dominance. However, these allegations were largely refuted in court, with a federal judge dismissing Golden Boy's suit in 2017 for lack of evidence that Haymon illegally promoted fights or created an unlawful , emphasizing PBC's goal of expanding via free television rather than anti-competitive exclusion. Top Rank's case settled out of court in May 2016 without admission of wrongdoing, and subsequent analyses noted that rival promoters' incentives—protecting their own —undermined the objectivity of their rhetoric, as Haymon's model involved lower managerial fees (10-15% of purses versus the industry standard of around 33%), allowing fighters greater financial retention without proven coercive bundling. Empirical outcomes further counter monopoly narratives: PBC has engaged in cross-promotional collaborations, including a partnership with Turki Alalshikh's , where Alalshikh publicly announced working with Haymon and PBC on upcoming events, demonstrating openness to joint ventures amid broader industry unification efforts. Allegations of fighter inactivity under Haymon's management center on claims of "shelving," where prospects or post-loss athletes are allegedly kept idle to preserve or avoid risks, drawing fan and media criticism for reducing bout frequency compared to more aggressive promotional schedules. For instance, some Haymon-advised fighters, like , experienced extended periods without fights following defeats, prompting accusations that protective matchmaking prioritizes long-term negotiations over activity. These views, often amplified in forums and rival commentary, attribute inactivity to Haymon's strategic control, potentially limiting fan engagement. Yet, such practices can be causally linked to benefits like and enhanced purse bargaining, as evidenced by Haymon's emphasis on high-floor payments before his cut applies, enabling fighters to sustain careers with elevated lifetime earnings—Haymon clients have historically out-earned peers under traditional promoters due to retained purse shares and selective scheduling that avoids premature wear. Data from PBC eras show managed fighters achieving greater financial , with fewer early retirements from overexposure, though critics from competing camps argue this comes at the cost of short-term visibility.

Legacy and Recent Developments

Influence on Modern Boxing

Al Haymon's approach through (PBC), launched in , disrupted longstanding cartel-like arrangements among traditional promoters and sanctioning bodies by prioritizing fighter control over matchmaking and broadcasting deals, thereby reducing the gatekeeping power of established entities. This shift fostered greater autonomy for managed fighters, who retained decision-making leverage without mandatory promoter exclusivity, contrasting with prior models where fighters often faced fragmented contracts and limited . evaluations of antitrust challenges affirmed this as pro-competitive, noting increased televised output and diminished intermediary fees that previously eroded fighter earnings. A core innovation was the revival of free over-the-air television for major bouts, reversing decades of premium cable and dominance that had constrained audience reach since the . PBC's initial and later network partnerships expanded viewership, drawing millions to events like the 2015 Floyd Mayweather-Manny Pacquiao undercard without subscription barriers, which demonstrably broadened 's domestic accessibility and pressured rivals to diversify platforms. This causal mechanism—scaling exposure via broadcast volume—directly elevated fighter purses through aggregated revenue, with PBC's annual budget exceeding $125 million by , enabling payouts that outpaced industry medians and incentivized talent retention over short-term exploitation. Haymon's framework, emphasizing low managerial cuts (10-15% versus the standard 33%) and site fee structures, has been emulated in elements by competitors seeking similar , as evidenced by subsequent promoter adaptations toward fighter-centric negotiations and multi-network strategies post-PBC entry. While not establishing outright —lawsuits alleging as much were dismissed for lack of anticompetitive harm—his model compelled industry-wide recalibration, prioritizing individual leverage against institutional intermediaries and sustaining higher baseline earnings amid evolving landscapes.

Ongoing Activities (Post-2020)

In August 2024, Al Haymon resumed hands-on oversight of (PBC), directing preparations for multiple end-of-year events including bouts featuring , , and . PBC expanded its roster in October 2025 by signing undefeated junior welterweight Abel Mendoza (42-0, 31 KOs) to a multi-fight promotional deal through TGB Promotions, positioning him for higher-profile matchups at 140 pounds. Matchroom Boxing promoter commended Haymon's resilience in July 2025, noting his ability to retain talent despite aggressive poaching offers extended to PBC fighters. Haymon forged collaborations with advisor Turki Alalshikh, who announced a partnership with PBC in April 2024 and initiated talks in February 2025 for co-promoting events in the United States. Oscar De La Hoya indicated openness to future cooperation with Haymon in May 2025, stating readiness to align on joint promotions despite prior antitrust litigation between and PBC. PBC maintained its multi-year streaming agreement with into 2025, prioritizing platform-integrated distribution over standalone pay-per-view models to adapt to evolving viewer preferences for subscription-based access.

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