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Austerlitz

Austerlitz most commonly refers to the Battle of Austerlitz, a decisive victory for Napoleon I over Austrian and Russian forces on December 2, 1805, near the town of Austerlitz in Moravia (present-day Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic), during the Napoleonic Wars.^[1] This battle dismantled the Third Coalition and led to the Treaty of Pressburg (December 1805), which ceded territories to France and contributed to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.^[2] The name Austerlitz is also associated with various places, notable individuals, and cultural references. See [[Battle of Austerlitz]], [[Places Named Austerlitz]], [[Notable People]], and [[Cultural References]] for more details.

Battle of Austerlitz

Background and Prelude

The Treaty of Amiens, signed in 1802 between France and Britain, ended the brief peace following the French Revolutionary Wars but collapsed due to mutual violations, including Britain's failure to evacuate Malta and France's interventions in Switzerland and Italy, leading Britain to declare war again on May 18, 1803.^[3] This resumption of hostilities isolated France initially, but by 1805, escalating tensions prompted the formation of the Third Coalition, with Britain subsidizing alliances; Russia under Tsar Alexander I in April, followed by Austria in August, aiming to curb French expansion on the continent.^[4] Sweden and Naples also aligned with the coalition, though Prussia remained neutral, creating a multinational front against Napoleon.^[5] Faced with this growing threat, Napoleon shifted his strategy from a planned invasion of England—bolstered by the Grande Armée, a newly organized force of approximately 200,000 highly mobile troops assembled in 1804–1805 along the Channel coast—to confronting the Allies on land.^[4] The decisive British naval victory at Trafalgar on October 21, 1805, confirmed the impossibility of crossing the English Channel, prompting Napoleon to redirect the Grande Armée eastward in late September.^[6] On September 25, 1805, the French army crossed the Rhine River near Mainz, initiating a rapid advance into Bavaria to outmaneuver Austrian forces under General Karl Mack von Leiberich.^[6] The Allied response involved Russian General Mikhail Kutuzov leading reinforcements to support the Austrians, advancing from the east but adopting a defensive posture after initial gains.^[4] Diplomatic pressures intensified as Tsar Alexander I, eager for decisive action, influenced Austrian Emperor Francis II to commit to an offensive despite Kutuzov's recommendations for continued retreat and consolidation; this led to premature Allied concentrations in Bavaria.^[4] Napoleon's maneuvers exploited these divisions, culminating in the encirclement and capitulation of Mack's army at Ulm on October 20, 1805, where 27,000 Austrians surrendered, severely weakening the Habsburg forces and forcing Kutuzov to withdraw toward Moravia.^[7] By late November 1805, Napoleon had positioned the Grande Armée in Moravia, pursuing the retreating Allies under Kutuzov while capturing Vienna on November 13, setting the stage for a climactic confrontation near the village of Austerlitz.^[4] This strategic buildup highlighted Napoleon's emphasis on speed and concentration, contrasting with the Allies' uncoordinated advances driven by imperial ambitions.^[6]

The Battle

The Battle of Austerlitz was fought on December 2, 1805, near the village of Austerlitz in Moravia (modern-day Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic), on a battlefield featuring the elevated Pratzen Heights, the Goldbach stream, and several frozen ponds to the south.^[8]^[9]^[10] The French Grande Armée, numbering around 73,000 men under Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, included key corps commanded by Marshals Nicolas Soult (IV Corps), Louis Davout (III Corps), Joachim Murat (cavalry reserve), and Jean Lannes (V Corps).^[8]^[10] Opposing them were approximately 86,000 Allied troops from the Russian and Austrian armies, led overall by Tsar Alexander I and Emperor Francis II, with General Mikhail Kutuzov as field commander and Austrian General Franz von Weyrother devising the plan; notable Allied units included those under Generals Pyotr Bagration, Dmitry Dokhturov, and Mikhail Miloradovich.^[8]^[9] Napoleon's strategy relied on deception, deliberately weakening his right flank to entice the Allies into an attack there while preparing a decisive counterstrike against their center at Pratzen Heights, executed primarily by Soult's IV Corps.^[8]^[9]^[10] The Allies, misled by French movements, planned to outflank Napoleon's right with their left wing under General Pyotr Buxhoeveden while holding the center and pressing with their right under Bagration.^[8]^[9] The engagement lasted approximately 12 hours, from dawn until evening.^[10] The battle commenced at dawn around 6:00 a.m. amid thick fog, as Allied forces launched their anticipated assault on the French right near the villages of Tellnitz and Sokolnitz, defended initially by a small detachment from Davout's III Corps under General Louis Friant.^[8]^[9]^[10] Davout's corps, arriving piecemeal after a grueling night march, reinforced the position; fierce fighting ensued, with Davout's divisions under Friant and Morand holding the line against repeated Allied attacks by Buxhoeveden's columns, preventing a breakthrough despite intense pressure.^[8]^[10] By 7:30 a.m., as the fog lifted, Napoleon observed from the Zuran Hill that the Allies had descended from Pratzen Heights to support their left-flank offensive, exposing their center.^[8]^[9] At approximately 8:30 a.m., Napoleon ordered Soult's IV Corps to advance in echelon formation toward Pratzen Heights; General Honoré Saint-Hilaire's division led, capturing Pratze village and the Pratzeberg slope by 9:00 a.m., while Vandamme's division supported the advance, securing the left flank of the heights in a maneuver to protect the French left.^[8]^[10] General Dominique Vandamme's division followed, securing the northeastern heights by mid-morning around 11:00 a.m., effectively splitting the Allied army and turning the tide.^[8]^[9] To the north, Lannes' V Corps and Murat's cavalry repelled Bagration's assaults, while in the center, the Russian Imperial Guard briefly counterattacked Vandamme but was driven off by French artillery and infantry.^[8]^[10] By midday, with the Allied center broken, Napoleon pivoted Soult's forces southward to envelop Buxhoeveden's isolated left wing, coordinating with Davout's renewed push; this maneuver trapped thousands of Allies against the frozen ponds near Sokolnitz and Telnitz.^[8]^[9]^[10] As the Allies routed in the afternoon, French artillery and cavalry pursued, shattering the ice on the ponds and causing additional chaos and drownings among the fleeing troops, leading to mass surrenders by 4:30 p.m.^[9]^[10] The fighting concluded by evening around 6:00 p.m., with the French in full control of the field.^[8] French casualties totaled approximately 9,000, including 1,305 killed and 6,940 wounded, with 573 captured.^[9] Allied losses were far heavier, estimated at 27,000 to 36,000, comprising 15,000 to 20,000 killed or wounded (11,000 Russians and 4,000 Austrians) and 12,000 to 15,000 captured.^[9]^[10]

Aftermath and Significance

The Battle of Austerlitz resulted in a decisive French victory, with the Grande Armée capturing approximately 180 Allied guns and 50 standards from the retreating Austro-Russian forces. The Allied army suffered heavy losses, estimated at around 27,000 men killed, wounded, or captured, while French casualties numbered about 9,000. As the remnants of the Allied forces withdrew in disarray, General Mikhail Kutuzov played a key role in covering the retreat, organizing the rear guard to prevent total annihilation and allowing the survivors to fall back toward Russia and Austria.^[11]^[12] The immediate political consequences culminated in the Treaty of Pressburg, signed on December 26, 1805, between France and Austria. Under its terms, Austria ceded significant territories, including Venetia, Tyrol, and parts of the Tyrol to Bavaria and Württemberg—French allies—while recognizing Napoleon's satellite states in Italy and Germany; Austria also agreed to pay a substantial indemnity of 40 million francs. This treaty not only weakened Austria militarily and financially but also set the stage for the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, as Emperor Francis II renounced the imperial title, and facilitated the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine, a French-dominated alliance of German states that further consolidated Napoleonic influence in Central Europe.^[12]^[11] Strategically, Austerlitz effectively ended the War of the Third Coalition, compelling Russia to withdraw its forces and leaving France as the dominant power on the European continent until Austria's resurgence in 1809. The victory immensely bolstered Napoleon's reputation as a military genius, often hailed as his greatest triumph and dubbed the "Battle of the Three Emperors" due to the presence of Napoleon, Tsar Alexander I, and Emperor Francis II on the field. Historians regard it as a pinnacle of Napoleonic warfare, showcasing masterful tactical innovations in deception—such as the deliberate weakening of the French right flank to lure the Allies into a vulnerable advance—and the concentration of force at the decisive Pratzen Heights.^[12]^[13] In military theory, Austerlitz's legacy endures as a model for feigned retreats and the pursuit of decisive battles, influencing subsequent doctrines on maneuver warfare and the exploitation of enemy overextension. Its principles, including objective, offensive action, and massing forces at critical points, have been analyzed in modern military education, such as the U.S. Army's framework, demonstrating how Napoleon's orchestration turned numerical inferiority into overwhelming advantage. The battle's emphasis on psychological deception and rapid concentration continues to inform strategic thinking in conflicts emphasizing mobility and surprise.^[8]^[12]

Places Named Austerlitz

Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic

Slavkov u Brna is a town in the Vyškov District of the South Moravian Region, situated approximately 23 kilometers southeast of Brno along the Litava River.^[14] The settlement's Czech name, meaning "Slavkov near Brno," was officially adopted in 1918 to differentiate it from other locales sharing the name Slavkov, while its historical German designation, Austerlitz, derives from earlier periods of Habsburg rule and remains in use internationally.^[15] As of January 1, 2025, the town has a population of 7,258, reflecting a stable rural community in a region known for its agricultural heritage.^[16] The town's origins trace back to medieval times, with the first written record dating to 1237, when it emerged as a market settlement around a Gothic castle and commandery of the Teutonic Knights established around 1200.^[17] In 1416, Slavkov received town privileges, including its own seal and coat of arms, one of the oldest in the Czech Republic.^[15] Ownership shifted frequently until 1509, when the Moravian noble Kaunitz (Kounic) family acquired the estate, making it their primary residence for over 400 years; under their patronage, a Renaissance chateau was constructed in 1590, later rebuilt in Baroque style by 1769.^[18] The surrounding area includes key sites from the 1805 Battle of Austerlitz, such as Pratzen Heights, where a prominent memorial known as the Cairn of Peace was erected between 1910 and 1912 to honor the battle's victims.^[19] Today, Slavkov u Brna serves as a hub for tourism centered on its historical ties to the battle, featuring annual reenactments that draw over 1,000 participants from multiple countries, including cavalry and artillery demonstrations.^[20] The local economy relies on agriculture, leveraging the fertile South Moravian lands for crop production and viticulture, alongside tourism driven by the battlefield sites and cultural attractions.^[21] The Baroque Slavkov Castle, a national cultural monument since 2008, highlights the town's architectural legacy with its opulent interiors, underground cellars, and adjacent French-style gardens redesigned in the 18th century; it also hosted the 1805 peace negotiations between Napoleon, Alexander I, and Francis II.^[18] The Jewish community, documented since the 13th century with a peak population of 544 in 1857, left a lasting imprint through its Neo-Romanesque synagogue built in 1858, now functioning as a museum with a memorial to Holocaust victims, alongside a preserved cemetery established by 1872.^[22]

Other Locations

The village of Austerlitz in Utrecht province, Netherlands, developed around a French military camp established in 1804 during the Napoleonic era to prepare for potential invasions. In 1806, following Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, King Louis Napoleon renamed the camp and adjacent settlement Austerlitz. The Pyramid of Austerlitz, originally called Marmontberg, is an artificial earth mound constructed in 1804 by approximately 20,000 soldiers under General Auguste Marmont over the course of about a month as a morale-boosting project and tribute to Napoleon; it was renamed in 1806 and stands 36 meters tall, offering panoramic views of the Utrechtse Heuvelrug National Park.^[23]^[24]^[25] In the United States, Austerlitz is a rural town in Columbia County, New York, established on March 28, 1818, from portions of the towns of Hillsdale, Chatham, and Canaan. The naming likely draws from the fame of the 1805 battle, reflecting early 19th-century admiration for Napoleonic history among American settlers. With a population of 1,688 as of 2023, the town encompasses about 50 square miles of hilly terrain, known for outdoor recreation such as hiking in the Taconic Mountains and proximity to historical sites like the nearby Chatham Shaker Village, a preserved 18th-century religious community.^[26]^[27]^[28] Other minor locations bearing the name include Austerlitz, a small populated settlement in the Karas Region of Namibia, with no documented historical connections to the original Austerlitz or the battle. Many such namings worldwide occurred after 1805, often as tributes to Napoleon's victory at Austerlitz, which symbolized military genius and inspired place names across Europe and beyond during the 19th century's era of Napoleonic enthusiasm.^[29]

Notable People

Historical Figures

The Austerlitz surname originates from the town of Austerlitz (now Slavkov u Brna) in Moravia, where an Ashkenazi Jewish family emerged in the 17th century, distinguished by its contributions to rabbinical scholarship and Talmudic study in the regions of Moravia and Bohemia during the Habsburg era.^[30]^[31] Members of this family were known for their roles in Jewish education, communal leadership, and the dissemination of religious texts, with their scholarly activities centered in local yeshivas and synagogues long before the town's association with the 1805 Battle of Austerlitz; the surname itself derives directly from the place name and predates the military event by centuries.^[30] Prominent early figures include Moses b. Joseph Austerlitz (fl. early 17th century), a scholar who promoted Jewish learning.^[30] Hirschel Austerlitz (d. after 1675) served as a communal leader, exiled from Vienna in 1670 amid anti-Jewish expulsions.^[30] Baruch b. Solomon Austerlitz (early 18th century), a Talmudic scholar and grandson of another Baruch exiled from Vienna, held positions as rabbi in Cologne and preacher in Prague; as son-in-law to the Prague rabbi, he influenced a network of Ashkenazi scholars through his sermons and legal interpretations.^[30] In the late 18th century, Aaron b. Meïr Austerlitz acted as secretary to the rabbinate of Berlin in 1775, facilitating administrative and scholarly correspondence for the Jewish community during a period of Enlightenment influences in Central Europe.^[30] Mayer Austerlitz (19th century), an early pupil of Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer, served as rabbi in Eperies (now Prešov, Slovakia) and contributed to Neolog Jewish reforms, emphasizing modern education while preserving traditional communal roles until his death in 1913.^[30]^[32] Over the 17th to 19th centuries, the family migrated from Moravia to nearby regions including Bohemia, Germany, Austria, and Hungary, often due to expulsions and economic opportunities under Habsburg rule, where they continued in rabbinical, educational, and leadership positions; by the late 19th century, branches had reached the United States, maintaining ties to Jewish scholarship.^[30]

Modern Individuals

Fred Astaire, born Frederick Austerlitz on May 10, 1899, in Omaha, Nebraska, was an acclaimed American dancer, actor, and singer whose innovative choreography and performances transformed the genre of film musicals.^[33]^[34] The son of Austrian immigrant Friedrich Emanuel "Fritz" Austerlitz, a brewery worker born in 1868 in Linz, Austria, and German immigrant Johanna "Ann" Geilus, Astaire came from a family of Austrian-German Jewish descent.^[35]^[36] His older sister, Adele Astaire (born Adele Austerlitz; 1897–1981), was a renowned dancer and singer who partnered with Fred in vaudeville and Broadway shows, achieving fame before retiring in 1932 to marry; the siblings began their stage careers together as children.^[33]^[34] In the early 1920s, Astaire and his sister adopted the stage name Astaire—derived from their paternal grandmother's maiden name—to distance themselves from the surname Austerlitz, which their mother believed evoked the Napoleonic Battle of Austerlitz and sounded too harsh for show business.^[37] Astaire's partnership with Ginger Rogers in RKO Pictures films during the 1930s, including Top Hat (1935) and Swing Time (1936), established him as a pioneer of cinematic dance, blending tap, ballroom, and ballet with seamless narrative integration.^[34] He received an honorary Academy Award in 1950 for his "unique artistry and contributions to the technique of musical pictures," along with three Primetime Emmy Awards for his television specials, such as An Evening with Fred Astaire (1958).^[38]^[39] Astaire continued performing into the 1980s, passing away in 1987.^[34] Other individuals bearing the surname in the modern era include Leo Austerlitz (1878–after 1945), an Austrian Jew from Vienna whose family history is documented in genealogical records, reflecting broader patterns of Jewish migration and survival during the Holocaust era.^[40] No prominent figures with the surname Austerlitz have emerged in politics or science during the 20th or 21st centuries.^[41]

Cultural References

In Literature

Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace (1869) prominently features the Battle of Austerlitz as a pivotal event in its Napoleonic narrative arc, depicting the clash from the Russian perspective through characters such as Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, who experiences a profound moment of existential revelation amid the chaos.^[42] The battle serves as a lens for exploring Tolstoy's philosophical themes, particularly the tension between individual free will and the inexorable forces of history and fate, with Austerlitz illustrating how personal agency dissolves in the grand, unpredictable flow of events.^[43] Tolstoy draws on historical accounts to blend factual military maneuvers with fictional introspection, emphasizing the soldiers' disorientation in fog-shrouded fields and the broader futility of glory-seeking.^[44] In contrast, W.G. Sebald's novel Austerlitz (2001) employs the name not as a direct reference to the battle but as the moniker for its protagonist, an architectural historian named Jacques Austerlitz who grapples with repressed memories of his Jewish childhood deportation from Prague during World War II.^[45] The narrative unfolds through fragmented conversations and reflections on European architecture, evoking layers of historical trauma, exile, and loss without explicit ties to Napoleonic events, yet the name subtly layers personal rupture onto collective historical echoes.^[46] Sebald's prose, blending memoir and fiction, underscores themes of memory's fragility and the built environment as a repository of suppressed histories.^[47] Nineteenth-century German Romantic literature includes poetic accounts that dramatize the Battle of Austerlitz, capturing its spectacle and emotional intensity through vivid imagery of dawn mists, clashing armies, and Napoleon's strategic brilliance.^[48] Works from this period, such as those by poets responding to the event shortly after 1805, portray the battle as a romantic emblem of heroism and destiny, often infusing the historical defeat of the Third Coalition with sublime awe at nature's role in the fray.^[48] Across these literary depictions, Austerlitz frequently symbolizes military genius intertwined with hubris and historical rupture, representing Napoleon's apex of tactical mastery while foreshadowing the overreach that would define his empire's fall.^[42] In Tolstoy, it critiques the illusion of command; in Sebald, the name evokes buried cataclysms; and in Romantic poetry, it embodies the sublime terror of war's unpredictability.^[43]

In Film, Music, and Other Media

The 2023 epic historical film Napoleon, directed by Ridley Scott and starring Joaquin Phoenix as Napoleon Bonaparte, dramatizes the Battle of Austerlitz as a central sequence, featuring large-scale reenactments of Napoleon's tactical maneuvers, including the feigned retreat and assault on the Pratzen Heights, while intertwining personal drama with military strategy.^[49] The film's depiction emphasizes the battle's fog-shrouded chaos and decisive French victory, though it takes creative liberties, such as portraying a catastrophic rout of Allied forces across a frozen lake, to heighten dramatic tension.^[50] In music, E.T.A. Hoffmann's influential 1810 review of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung critiqued programmatic battle music, contrasting its disorienting, literal sound effects—such as imitative cannon fire and troop marches—with the symphony's abstract evocation of inner turmoil and triumphant resolution.^[51] Hoffmann praised Beethoven's work for transcending such superficial depictions, using the recent Napoleonic victory at Austerlitz (1805) to illustrate how true art captures the "infinite yearning" of the human spirit amid horror and awe, rather than mere battlefield noise.^[52] The HBO series Succession (2018–2023) references Austerlitz in its first-season episode titled "Austerlitz," where elder son Connor Roy's New Mexico ranch bears the name, symbolizing themes of imperial ambition, familial betrayal, and strategic maneuvering akin to Napoleon's triumph over rival emperors.^[53] The ranch serves as the setting for a dysfunctional family therapy session, underscoring the Roys' power struggles as a modern echo of the battle's high-stakes rivalry.^[54] Other media representations include annual reenactments at the Slavkov u Brna battlefield in the Czech Republic, held annually since 1990 to commemorate the battle's anniversary, drawing thousands of participants and spectators for immersive simulations of the fog-bound engagement and French artillery dominance.^[55] Video games such as Napoleon: Total War (2010) by Creative Assembly feature the battle as a playable historical scenario, allowing players to command Napoleon's Grande Armée against the Austro-Russian coalition, recreating key maneuvers like the defense of Telnitz and the central breakthrough.^[56] Documentaries, including the BBC's Napoleon series (2000), detail the battle's tactical brilliance through archival analysis and expert commentary, highlighting its role in the Third Coalition's collapse.^[57] In popular history, Austerlitz endures as a symbol of strategic genius, often invoked in media to represent underdog victories through deception and bold execution, influencing narratives of leadership and warfare from films to strategy simulations.^[58]

References

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Austerlitz was Napoleon's greatest victory. The campaign and battle show how he had continued to improve and develop on a style of strategy first tested in ...The French Army · The Russian Army · The Pratzen Heights
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Some 180 Allied guns were captured on the field. Drawing away these guns had proved impossible as wheels sank into the soft ground. “The Russian horses ...
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Austerlitz led to the Treaty of Pressburg, the end of the Holy Roman Empire, the collapse of the Third Coalition, and the start of the Napoleonic Wars.
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criterion used · domicile · male population. 3,436. female population. 3,731. 1 reference. stated in · Population in municipalities – 1 January 2023 · retrieved.Missing: demographics | Show results with:demographics
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In 1804, General Marmont had the Pyramide van Austerlitz built as an homage to Napoleon and to give the 20,000 soldiers something to do.
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Established in March of 1818, Austerlitz sits on the eastern edge of New York's historic Columbia County. ... Town's historic resources. Explore Our ...Visit · Events · About Us · Volunteer
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The History Center (on most occasions) will be open to the public every third (3rd) Saturday of the month from 9:00am – 12:00pm. The Center may be open on ...
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Aaron b. Meïr Austerlitz: Secretary to the rabbinate of Berlin, 1775. Baruch b. Solomon Austerlitz: Rabbi in Cologne and preacher at Prague at the beginning ...
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A new synagogue was built in 1857, at which time the Jewish population was 544. In 1905 there was an outbreak of antisemitic riots. There were only 66 Jews ...
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In 1860 the Neologs elected Dr. Mayer Austerlitz to serve as rabbi. Officiating until his death in 1913, he had a lasting impact on his congregation and the ...
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Fred Astaire was born Frederick Austerlitz on May 10, 1899, in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents, Frederic E. and Ann Gelius Austerlitz, enrolled him in dancing ...
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May 14, 1999 · Their mother suggested the name change because she felt Austerlitz sounded like a battle. Astaire was Fred's paternal grandmother's maiden name.
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Leo Austerlitz (1878-) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree
Biography. Leo Austerlitz was born in 1878. He married Lea Stern in 1920. They had at least one son, Jacob: Sources. ↑ Birth: "Österreich, Niederösterreich ...
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Mar 15, 2025 · Birthplace: · Death: ; Vienna, Austria · December 18, 1998 (71) Spring Valley, Rockland, New York · Son of Leo Austerlitz and Lea Ella Austerlitz
[44]
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Most of Book Three of War and Peace narrates the battle of Austerlitz. Again. Tolstoy creates a panoramic sense of the battle and massive sweeps of troop.
[47]
[PDF] THE TOPOGRAPHY OF MEMORY IN W. G. SEBALD'S AUSTERLITZ
The predominant feature of his novels is the permanent oscillation between fact and fiction, presence and absence, between memoir-like documentation and.
[48]
[PDF] W G Sebald's Austerlitz as a Form of Literary Commemoration
Set over a period of approximately twenty years, Austerlitz involves a complex dialogue between the novel's main protagonist, Jacques. Austerlitz, and a ...
[49]
The Psychoanalytic Method in W.G. Sebald's Austerlitz | Robert C ...
The author concludes that Austerlitz is indeed a valid fictional account, a life narrative that is painstakingly assembled from the chief character's de facto ...
[50]
Contemporary Poetic and Prose Descriptions of Austerlitz (1805)
It concludes that there is some merit in the traditional view of decisive battles as events that change the course of history and bring a signifi cant element ...
[51]
How Ridley Scott Recreated Napoleon's Battle of Austerlitz - Vulture
Nov 21, 2023 · The movie's most complex sequence is a re-creation of the Battle of Austerlitz, which is usually considered Napoleon's masterpiece.
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Ridley Scott's Napoleon Movie: The Real History & Historical Accuracy
Nov 22, 2023 · Ridley Scott's film cleaves to popular myth: that Napoleon funnels the Austro-Russian army onto an iced-over lake, something they only realise ...
[53]
https://www.vulture.com/article/succession-season-1-episode-7-recap-austerlitz.html
[54]
Symphony No. 5 - The Cleveland Orchestra
“Beethoven's music sets in motion the machinery of awe, of fear, of terror, of pain, and awakens that infinite yearning which is the essence of romanticism.”2
[55]
Succession Season 1, Episode 7 Recap: Austerlitz - Vulture
named, ridiculously, after Napoleon's greatest triumph — for a PR session, because the Roys are the ...
[56]
Connor Roy is the real heart of Succession | The Verge
Apr 11, 2023 · In the first season, Connor's New Mexico ranch, Austerlitz, is the setting for an attempt at family therapy. The attempt is more PR stunt ...
[57]
Austerlitz 2025 – the commemorative event of the 220th anniversary ...
Feb 7, 2025 · We are preparing for the 220th anniversary of the Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805), the Battle of the Three Emperors – Austerlitz ...Missing: annual u Brna
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Battle of Austerlitz | Total War Wiki | Fandom
The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December, 1805) in which Napoleon masterminded his greatest ever victory by defeating the combined armies of Austria and Russia on ...
[59]
Napoleon, Episode 2, The Battle of Austerlitz - BBC
Jun 12, 2015 · A year after the coronation of Napoleon the Battle of Austerlitz was upon him. Napoleon's tactics for the battle are detailed.Missing: documentaries Wars
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Napoleon's Masterpiece, the Battle of Austerlitz - HistoryNet
Jun 12, 2006 · Facing a formidable coalition, the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte I devised a plan to defeat his counterparts from Austria and Russia in one swift campaign.