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Botha

Pieter Willem Botha (12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006) was a South African politician who served as the last prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989, presiding over the National Party's apartheid regime during a phase of escalating domestic unrest and international isolation.^[1] Born on a farm in the Orange Free State to Afrikaner parents, Botha rose through the party ranks as a hardline advocate for white interests, becoming Minister of Defence in 1966 where he oversaw the expansion of South Africa's military into a regional power capable of countering Soviet-backed insurgencies in Angola and elsewhere.^[2] His administration pursued a "total strategy" integrating security, economic, and political measures to defend against perceived communist threats from groups like the ANC and SACP, which involved cross-border operations and the fortification of a militarized state apparatus.^[1] While implementing incremental reforms—such as the 1983 tricameral constitution granting limited representation to Coloured and Indian populations but excluding the black majority—Botha maintained core apartheid structures, rejecting one-person-one-vote democracy as a recipe for chaos given the Marxist influences in liberation movements and the demographic realities of tribal divisions and uneven development.^[1] These policies fueled township violence, sanctions from Western powers, and internal party dissent, culminating in Botha's 1989 stroke and ousting by F.W. de Klerk, after which he defiantly refused to testify before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, viewing it as a politically motivated inquisition.^[3] Nicknamed Die Groot Krokodil for his unyielding demeanor, Botha's era marked the apartheid system's last aggressive defense amid mounting pressures that empirically strained the economy through disinvestment while highlighting causal tensions between minority rule, revolutionary violence, and global anti-communist realignments.^[4]

Etymology and Origins

Linguistic Roots

The surname Botha traces its linguistic origins to Frisian and Low German dialects, deriving from the personal name Botho or Bote, which denotes a messenger, herald, or one who issues commands or orders.^[5]^[6] This root appears in medieval Germanic naming conventions, where Bote (cognate with modern German Bote) signified an envoy or proclaimer, reflecting roles in feudal communication and authority structures.^[7] The characteristic -a ending represents a Frisian genitive plural form or patronymic suffix, transforming Both (a variant of Bode) into a familial identifier, as seen in East Frisian Low Saxon traditions.^[7]^[8] This adaptation aligns with broader Low German surname evolution, influenced by regional phonetic shifts and grammatical endings rather than direct High German forms. Alternative folk interpretations linking it to Old Danish both (meaning a cow-shed) lack substantiation in primary etymological records and appear inconsistent with documented progenitor lineages.^[9] In the context of Afrikaans development, Botha retained this Germanic substrate through Dutch colonial settlement, with the first recorded bearer, Friedrich Both (arriving in 1672), exemplifying the transition from Both to Botha via phonetic assimilation in the Cape vernacular.^[10] Genealogical sources confirm no substantive alteration beyond dialectal pluralization, underscoring its stability as a Low Countries-derived patronym rather than an invented or hybridized term.^[7]

Introduction to South Africa

The surname Botha was introduced to South Africa by Friedrich Both, born on March 4, 1653, in Wangenheim, Thuringia, Germany, who arrived at the Cape of Good Hope as a soldier in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1678.^[5]^[11] By 1683, Both had transitioned from military duties to civilian life, receiving permission to farm and establishing himself in the Stellenbosch district, where he acquired land including the 64-morgen farm Zandberg in 1689.^[5] His integration into Cape society involved a complex domestic arrangement with Maria Kickers (also known as Maria van der Stel), beginning around 1683, which produced several children recognized as progenitors of the Botha lineage despite the absence of formal marriage records until later unions.^[12] This early establishment laid the foundation for the surname's adaptation into the Afrikaans form "Botha," reflecting linguistic shifts among Dutch settlers and their descendants in the colony.^[10] Friedrich Both's descendants proliferated in the Cape Colony, contributing to the surname's prominence among the Boer and Afrikaner populations through treks eastward and participation in frontier expansion.^[7] By the 18th century, Botha families were documented in regions like Swellendam and Stellenbosch, with records showing intergenerational farming and involvement in colonial administration.^[5] A second progenitor line emerged via Theunis Botha, potentially linking to earlier European migrations, but the primary stamvader (progenitor) remains Friedrich, whose arrival marked the surname's enduring foothold in South African genealogy.^[10] Genealogical studies emphasize this German-Dutch origin, distinguishing it from coincidental European variants, and highlight the Bothas' role in shaping early colonial demographics without reliance on unsubstantiated noble claims.^[7] The Botha name's introduction coincided with the VOC's consolidation of the Cape as a refreshment station, fostering a settler community that evolved into the Trekboer culture amid interactions with indigenous Khoikhoi groups and later Xhosa frontiers.^[5] Historical records from Cape archives confirm Both's death around 1717–1719, by which time his offspring had secured multiple farms, ensuring the surname's transmission across generations despite challenges like inheritance disputes and colonial regulations on land grants.^[11] This foundational period underscores the surname's association with resilient agrarian lineages, predating the Great Trek and influencing later Afrikaner identity, though early Bothas operated within the constraints of VOC governance rather than independent republican ideals.^[10]

Progenitors and Early History

Friedrich Botha

Friedrich Both, the primary progenitor of the Botha surname in South Africa, was born on 4 March 1653 in Wangenheim, a village near Gotha in Thuringia, then part of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in the Holy Roman Empire (modern-day Germany).^[10]^[11] His parents were Michael Both, an agriculturist born around 1630, and Susanna Elisabeth Saulus, born around the same year; they had married on 24 February 1648 in the local Lutheran church.^[13]^[11] The Both family traced its roots to earlier generations in the region, including Both's grandfather Johannes Jurgen Hans Casper Both (born 1595), who owned a farm in Westhausen and supplied horses to the local nobility.^[13] In 1678, at age 25, Both enlisted as a soldier with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and arrived at the Cape of Good Hope, the company's refreshment station established in 1652.^[5]^[11] By 1683, he had secured free burgher rights, transitioning from military service to civilian farming—a common path for European settlers seeking land grants in the colony.^[5] He initially worked on land previously held by Jan Cornelisz, before laying out his own farm, Zandberg (later known as Scholtzenhof), in the Stellenbosch area in 1689; this property was converted to freehold title in 1694, marking his establishment as an independent settler amid the colony's expanding frontier agriculture.^[5] Both's family life centered on Maria Kickers (born circa 1662, died 1723), an orphaned Dutch immigrant who had arrived at the Cape and initially married Jan Cornelisz in 1682.^[5]^[11] Their relationship formed a de facto household by the mid-1680s, with Both fathering multiple children baptized under his surname despite Kickers's ongoing legal marriage to Cornelisz until around 1700; this arrangement led to ecclesiastical and civil scrutiny, culminating in Both's conviction for adultery and related offenses, resulting in his temporary banishment to Mauritius (VOC's Indian Ocean outpost) in 1706 for a period reported as two to ten years in records.^[5]^[11] Children attributed to him include Theunis (baptized 15 April 1686, though some records note biological paternity questions), Willem (baptized 2 November 1687), Catharina (7 May 1690), Jacobus (24 August 1692), twins Johannes and Maria (both 1 May 1695), Cornelia (6 January 1697), and Anna (19 March 1702), as recorded in Cape Dutch Reformed Church registers.^[11] A formal marriage to Kickers occurred on 21 June 1714 in Stellenbosch.^[11] Both died before 21 November 1719 in the Stellenbosch district, with some records specifying 21 June 1717; he was buried locally.^[11]^[13] His lineage established the Botha surname in the colony—derived from the Low German "Both" and adapted into Afrikaans—forming one of two primary stamvader lines, with descendants proliferating through intermarriages among Cape burgher families and contributing to the Afrikaner population's growth.^[13] Genealogical records, drawn from VOC archives, church registers, and opgaafrollen (tax censuses), confirm his role in anchoring the family's presence, though later paternity disputes in branches highlight the complexities of early colonial records.^[11]

Ferdinandus Appel and Theunis Botha

Ferdinandus Appel, born in 1665 in Cape Town to early Dutch settlers, became entangled in one of the Cape Colony's earliest documented paternity disputes.^[14] He fathered an illegitimate son, Theunis, with Maria Kickers around March 1686 at Libertas Farm near Stellenbosch, prior to Kickers's divorce from her first husband, Jan Cornelisz, in 1700.^[15] After the divorce, Kickers married Friedrich Botha in 1706 or 1707, and Theunis was subsequently recorded with the Botha surname, likely through adoption or familial convention, despite Appel's biological paternity.^[16] Appel himself died around 1713 in Stellenbosch, leaving no direct male-line descendants under his surname in the colony.^[14] Theunis Botha (biological surname Appel), baptized before April 13, 1686, in Stellenbosch, lived until approximately 1746.^[14] He married at least once and fathered descendants who perpetuated the Botha surname, forming a significant branch of the Afrikaner Botha lineage.^[16] Genealogical records initially attributed Theunis's paternity to Friedrich Botha or Cornelisz, reflecting traditional narratives based on incomplete historical accounts from the era's divorce proceedings, where Kickers denied Appel's involvement.^[15] Y-chromosome DNA analysis, combining deep-rooting pedigrees with STR haplotypes from modern descendants, confirmed Ferdinandus Appel as Theunis's biological father in a 2013 study published in Forensic Science International: Genetics.^[15] This evidence distinguished Appel's haplotype from Botha's, revealing that approximately half of contemporary Botha male descendants—estimated at over 38,000 individuals in South Africa as of recent surveys—carry Appel's genetic lineage under the Botha name.^[16] The findings underscore discrepancies between surname inheritance and biological descent in early colonial families, driven by social norms rather than strict patrilineality.^[14] This Appel-Botha line produced notable figures, including statesmen Louis Botha and P.W. Botha, though their Y-DNA aligns with Appel's profile.^[16]

Genetic Studies and Genealogical Controversies

DNA Evidence on Paternity

In the early 18th century, Theunis Botha, a descendant of progenitor Friedrich Botha, was involved in a contentious divorce from Maria Cornelitz (also known as Maria Kickers), amid allegations of adultery with Ferdinandus Appel.^[17] Court records from 1706-1707 claimed that Maria's eldest son, born in 1695, was fathered by Theunis Botha, but suspicions arose due to her relationship with Appel, leading to disputes over inheritance and lineage.^[15] Genealogical traditions long accepted the official paternity attribution, propagating the Botha surname through this line despite historical doubts.^[16] A 2013 genetic study by researchers at the University of Pretoria analyzed Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) from 23 male descendants across multiple generations, using the AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler™ kit for haplotyping combined with deep genealogical records.^[17] The results revealed two distinct Y-DNA haplotypes among self-identified Botha descendants: one matching the confirmed Botha lineage (R1b-U106 haplogroup subclade) and the other aligning with Appel's paternal line, confirming that Maria's first son was sired by Ferdinandus Appel, not Theunis Botha.^[15] This false paternity event, occurring around 1695, introduced Appel's Y-DNA into the Botha surname lineage, as the son retained the Botha name under colonial naming conventions.^[16] Subsequent testing of additional Botha male lineages has shown that approximately 45-50% carry the Appel Y-DNA signature rather than the original Botha haplotype, affecting an estimated 38,000 contemporary South Africans bearing the surname.^[18] The discrepancy persists because Y-DNA traces exclusively paternal inheritance, unaltered by surname adoption, highlighting non-paternity events (NPEs) in historical records where social or legal factors overrode biological reality.^[17] Broader Afrikaner Y-DNA surveys indicate this case as an outlier, with overall NPE rates remaining low at under 1% over 300 years in the population.^[19] No evidence from these studies implicates the progenitor Friedrich Botha (arrived 1672) in similar discrepancies; the Appel intrusion occurred two generations later.^[15]

Implications for Descendants

The genetic evidence revealing non-paternity in the Appel-Botha lineage has led to widespread discrepancies between surname and patrilineal descent among modern Botha bearers. Y-chromosome analysis of sampled Botha males indicates that approximately 50% carry the Appel haplotype rather than the expected Botha one, implying that around 38,000 of the roughly 76,000 South Africans surnamed Botha as of 2013 descend patrilineally from Ferdinandus Appel via Maria Kickers' first son.^[16]^[20] This mismatch stems from Kickers' 1700 court testimony falsely attributing all her children's paternity to Frederik Botha, which historical records accepted, perpetuating the surname through generations despite the biological reality confirmed by DNA over three centuries later.^[16] For affected descendants, the primary consequence is the invalidation of traditional genealogical narratives, as patrilineal family trees tracing back to Friedrich Botha or other progenitors do not align with Y-DNA results.^[16] Participation in surname-based genetic projects, such as those cataloging Afrikaner lineages, may require reclassification into Appel groups, though the Appel surname remains rare and under-documented, complicating such shifts.^[20] This revelation challenges personal and communal identity tied to Botha heritage, potentially affecting eligibility for descendant associations or cultural claims rooted in the surname's historical prominence in South African settler history, yet it does not alter maternal or autosomal ancestry.^[16] Broader implications include heightened awareness of historical non-paternity rates in colonial records, estimated at 0.5-1% per generation but amplified here by a single pivotal lie, underscoring the value of integrating DNA with archival evidence for accurate ancestry reconstruction.^[16] While some individuals may pursue surname corrections or dual heritage acknowledgments, systemic changes remain improbable due to entrenched traditions and the absence of legal mandates for genetic-based renamings in South Africa. No documented health or inheritance disputes have arisen directly from these findings, as Y-DNA primarily informs paternal lineage rather than broader genetic risks.^[20]

Demographic Distribution

Prevalence in South Africa

The surname Botha ranks as the 20th most common in South Africa, borne by an estimated 128,008 individuals.^[6] This frequency corresponds to approximately 1 in every 423 South Africans, reflecting its prominence among Afrikaans-speaking communities descended from early Dutch settlers.^[6] Historical records indicate the name's establishment in the Cape Colony from the late 17th century, contributing to its enduring demographic weight despite South Africa's diverse population of over 62 million as of the 2022 census. Geographically, Botha bearers are concentrated in urban and historically Afrikaans-populated provinces: Gauteng hosts 33% of them, followed by the Western Cape at 16% and the Eastern Cape at 11%.^[6] These distributions align with patterns of internal migration and economic hubs, where many Afrikaner families relocated post-apartheid. Earlier estimates from 2013 placed the figure at over 76,000, suggesting growth through natural increase and limited adoption outside traditional lineages.^[16] While primarily associated with white South Africans of European descent, the surname's prevalence underscores the legacy of colonial progenitor lines, though genetic studies have questioned paternal continuity for a subset of claimants.^[10]

Global Spread

The Botha surname exhibits limited global prevalence outside South Africa, with an estimated 49,919 bearers in other countries as of recent data compilations. This diaspora primarily stems from 20th- and 21st-century emigrations of Afrikaans-speaking South Africans, driven by economic factors, political changes following the end of apartheid in 1994, and opportunities in English-speaking nations. Regional spread within Southern Africa accounts for much of the non-South African incidence, including Mozambique (16,068 individuals), Malawi (15,972), Zambia (7,995), and Namibia (488), often linked to colonial-era labor migrations, cross-border movements, and historical ties in the former British and Portuguese spheres of influence.^[6] In Anglophone destinations, Australia hosts the largest expatriate community at 1,762 bearers, followed by New Zealand (582), reflecting targeted South African immigration surges in the 1990s and 2000s, where skilled professionals and families relocated under points-based systems favoring English speakers and those with Commonwealth connections. The United Kingdom (1,387 in England alone) and Canada (386) similarly absorbed emigrants via ancestry visas, work permits, and family reunification, with peaks during post-1994 uncertainties and economic downturns in South Africa. In the United States, the surname appears among 771 individuals, concentrated in states with South African expatriate hubs like California and Texas, per aggregated records.^[6] Despite European linguistic roots tracing to Frisian Low Saxon and German variants like Both or Bode, the surname remains uncommon in the Netherlands, Belgium, or Germany today, with no significant modern populations there; its global footprint is thus overwhelmingly tied to South African progenitor lines rather than reverse migration. Traces exist in over 100 additional countries at low densities, often via individual relocations for study, marriage, or employment, but without forming notable clusters.^[6]

Notable People

Politics and Military

Louis Botha (27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) commanded Boer forces during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), leading the Transvaal army from March 1900 and participating in key engagements such as the siege of Ladysmith.^[21] As a founding figure of the Union of South Africa, he served as its first Prime Minister from 31 May 1910 until his death, advocating for reconciliation between Boers and British while suppressing the 1914 Maritz Rebellion.^[22] During World War I, Botha directed South African forces to conquer German South West Africa (modern Namibia) by July 1915, securing Allied control over the territory.^[23] Pieter Willem Botha (12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006), known as P.W. Botha, held the position of Minister of Defence from 1966 to 1980, during which he expanded the South African Defence Force through increased funding, mandatory conscription for white males starting in 1967, and development of domestic arms production to counter international embargoes.^[24] He became Prime Minister on 28 September 1978 and later the first executive State President from 14 September 1984 to 15 August 1989, overseeing military interventions including cross-border raids into Angola and Namibia amid the Border War (1966–1990).^[1] Botha's tenure emphasized "total strategy," integrating military, economic, and political measures to address internal unrest and external threats from communist-backed insurgencies.^[3] Roelof Frederik "Pik" Botha (27 April 1932 – 12 October 2018) served as South Africa's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1977 to 1994, the longest tenure in that role globally during his era, managing diplomatic isolation due to apartheid while negotiating sanctions relief and covert alliances.^[25] Prior to politics, he represented South Africa at the United Nations and as ambassador to the United States, defending the regime's policies amid international condemnation.^[26] In his later years as foreign minister, Botha contributed to the transition process, including secret talks that facilitated the end of apartheid and his brief role in the post-1994 Government of National Unity.^[27]

Business, Science, and Academia

Roelof Botha is a leading venture capitalist who grew up in South Africa and advanced to key roles in global finance. He joined PayPal in 1999, helping drive its profitability leading to its public listing in 2001, before becoming a partner at Sequoia Capital where he spearheaded investments in transformative companies including YouTube, Instagram, and MongoDB.^[28] In palaeosciences, Jennifer Botha directs the DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences (GENUS) and holds a professorship at the Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, focusing her research on mass extinctions and evolutionary adaptations in extinct vertebrates with implications for contemporary conservation. She was inducted as a Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa on October 26, 2024, recognizing her advancements in South African palaeontological leadership.^[29] Hugo Botha, an assistant professor of neurology at Mayo Clinic, investigates neurodegenerative conditions through multimodal imaging, PET scans, and AI-driven speech analysis for disorders like apraxia and dementia. Educated at the University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Medicine, he completed neurology training and fellowships at Mayo Clinic, securing federal research grants and the 2021 Norman Geschwind Prize in Behavioral Neurology for his contributions to diagnostic methodologies.^[30]

Arts, Culture, and Media

Johan Botha (1965–2016) was a South African operatic tenor celebrated for his powerful voice in dramatic roles by composers such as Richard Wagner, Richard Strauss, and Giuseppe Verdi, performing at venues including the Metropolitan Opera and Vienna State Opera.^[31]^[32] His career spanned decades, marked by lyrical finesse combined with dramatic intensity, until his death from cancer in Vienna on September 8, 2016.^[33] Wim Botha (born 1974) is a South African contemporary visual artist based in Cape Town, specializing in sculpture and installations that juxtapose sacred and profane elements using unconventional materials like carved books, marble, bronze, and wood.^[34]^[35] His works often explore themes of iconoclasm, transformation, and cultural dissonance, drawing from his Pretoria upbringing and exhibited internationally, including at the North Carolina Museum of Art.^[36] Martin Botha is a South African film scholar and author whose book South African Cinema 1896–2010 documents the evolution of the industry from early silent films through apartheid-era productions to post-1994 developments, incorporating over 200 illustrations and analyses of sociopolitical influences on cinematic form.^[37] He has published more than 200 articles and six books on South African media and cinema, emphasizing fragmentation, identity crises, and creative adaptations under censorship.^[38] Ivan Botha (born 1984) is a South African actor recognized for his role as Pieter van Heerden in the long-running SABC2 soap opera 7de Laan and appearances in Afrikaans films such as Stroomop (2018) and Blindelings (2023).^[39]^[40] Willem Botha (born 1987) is a South African singer, actor, and music producer from Riversdale, who gained prominence as runner-up in the Afrikaans version of Idols and has released albums including covers and originals like "'n Liefde Soos Die," while also working as a TV presenter and photographer.^[41] Danila Botha, born in Johannesburg, is a Canadian fiction writer of South African descent whose short story collections, such as Got No Secrets (2012) and Things That Cause Inappropriate Happiness (2024), have earned critical acclaim and nominations for awards including the Trillium Book Award.^[42]^[43]

Sports

In rugby union, Naas Botha stands out as one of South Africa's most celebrated fly-halves, earning 28 caps for the Springboks between 1980 and 1992 despite international isolation due to apartheid-era sanctions; he was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame for his goalkicking accuracy and playmaking, scoring 312 points in Test matches.^[44] Bakkies Botha, a formidable lock forward born on September 22, 1979, represented the Springboks in 85 Tests from 2002 to 2012, contributing to the 2007 Rugby World Cup victory and earning a reputation for physical dominance in lineouts and tackles. Arno Botha, born October 26, 1991, played as a flanker for the Springboks in 20 Tests between 2012 and 2015 before moving to French club Lyon, where he continued in the Top 14 league.^[45] John "BJ" Botha, a prop who debuted for the Springboks in 2005, featured in the 2007 World Cup-winning squad and later excelled in European rugby with Ulster and Munster, amassing over 50 caps. Francois Botha, born September 28, 1968, is a prominent South African heavyweight boxer known as "The White Buffalo," who competed professionally from 1990 to 2014 with a record of 48 wins, 11 losses, and 3 draws; he challenged for world titles, including a loss to Lennox Lewis in 2000 and a knockout defeat to Mike Tyson on January 16, 1999.^[46] Botha also ventured into kickboxing and held interim IBF heavyweight status in 1995 before a disqualification loss to Axel Schulz.^[46] In cricket, Johan Botha, born May 2, 1982, served as South Africa's ODI captain and played 71 ODIs and 5 Tests as an off-spinner and lower-order batsman, taking 279 international wickets with economical bowling figures; he later transitioned to coaching and ultramarathon running.^[47] Andre Botha, a South African-born all-rounder who represented Ireland from 2005, featured in the 2007 and 2011 World Cups, capturing 55 wickets in ODIs with his medium-pace bowling.

Other Uses

Places and Geography

Botha's Hill is a small town in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, located about 30 kilometers northwest of Durban and adjacent to Hillcrest. Positioned at an elevation of approximately 600 meters, it provides scenic overlooks of the Valley of a Thousand Hills and historically served as a rest stop for travelers via Botha's Halfway House, established by Cornelius Botha in the 19th century.^[48] Ga-Botha is a rural locality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, situated at coordinates 24°56' S, 28°59' E, with an elevation of 986 meters near the town of Groblersdal. It lies in a sparsely populated area characterized by agricultural land and low-density settlement.^[49] Botha is a minor town in the Witzenberg Local Municipality within the Cape Winelands District of Western Cape province, South Africa, amid the region's mountainous terrain and wine-producing valleys.^[50] In Lesotho, Butha-Buthe (also spelled Botha-Bothe) is a northern district bordering South Africa's Free State province, encompassing 1,767 square kilometers of rugged, mountainous landscape with a population of 118,242 as of 2016 and a density of 67 persons per square kilometer. The district capital, Butha-Buthe town, has a population of 35,108 and is named for the nearby Butha-Buthe Mountain; the area features highland terrain averaging over 2,000 meters elevation.^[51] Several mountain passes in South Africa bear the Botha name, reflecting historical routes traversed by Boer settlers. Bothasnek Pass, on the R38 route in Mpumalanga between Barberton and Badplaas, ascends through scenic escarpment terrain with steep gradients and offers views of indigenous forests and valleys. Botha's Pass, straddling the R34 on the KwaZulu-Natal-Free State border near Newcastle and Memel, connects farming districts and includes historical battlefield sites from the Anglo-Boer War era.^[52]^[53]

Brands and Institutions

Botha School is a public K-9 educational institution in the hamlet of Botha, Alberta, Canada, operated by Clearview School Division and emphasizing personalized learning in small class sizes for approximately 100 students.^[54] Cheré Botha School, located in Pretoria, South Africa, specializes in activity-based intervention programs for learners with intellectual disabilities, aiming to develop individual potential through structured therapeutic and educational activities.^[55] Botha Kelder is a wine estate and production brand in the Paarl region of South Africa's Western Cape, established as a cooperative cellar producing varietal wines such as [Cabernet Sauvignon](/page/Cabernet Sauvignon) and Chardonnay, with a portfolio reflecting winemaker-driven innovation.^[56] Botha GmbH, founded in 1832 in Germany, operates as a building materials supplier specializing in natural stone, parquet flooring, and related products for construction and interior applications.^[57]

References

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Pieter Willem Botha | South African History Online
Feb 17, 2011 · Botha was leader of the House of Assembly from 1976 until 1978. He was appointed Minister of Defence on 5 April 1966, a position he was to ...
[2]
Pieter Willem (P.W.) Botha - South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid
Oct 31, 2006 · Pieter Willem Botha was born on 12 January 1916 on the farm Telegraaf in the Paul Roux district of the Orange Free State. He was the only son of ...
[3]
PW Botha | South Africa - The Guardian
Nov 1, 2006 · PW Botha, who has died aged 90, ruled South Africa under apartheid for 11 years until 1989, and was gradually exposed during his long ...
[4]
Pieter Willem Botha, was a South African politician who served as ...
Apr 1, 2025 · Nicknamed 'Die Groot Krokodil' due to his tough political stance, he was considered the final hardline leader of South Africa pre-1994.<|separator|>
[5]
History - Botha in Southern Africa
The surname Both is derived from a Friesian a name "Botho" (or Bote) which means leader or one who commands/orders. The trailing "a" also has the meaning "son ...<|separator|>
[6]
Botha Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
Botha Surname Definition: “One who Commands”. Derived from the Frisian Botho or Bote. (Cf. “Gebood” in Afrikaans.)
[7]
Botha Name Meaning and Botha Family History at FamilySearch
Botha Name Meaning ... Afrikaans: altered form of German Both and Bode , apparently with the addition of the Frisian genitive plural ending -a.
[8]
Botha Last Name Origin, History, and Meaning - YourRoots
The surname Botha is a common Afrikaans name with origins in the East Frisian Low Saxon Both. It was introduced to South Africa in 1678 by Frederich Botha.
[9]
Botha History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
The surname Botha is derived from the Old English word bothe, which in turn comes from the Old Danish word both, which means cow-house or herdsman's hut.Botha History · Early Origins · Early History · Spelling Variations<|control11|><|separator|>
[10]
Origins - Botha in Southern Africa
The surname of BOTHA in South Africa is derived from two progenitors ("stamvaders"). The first progenitor, Friedrich Both (a1) came from Germany.Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
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Friedrich Both (1653 - 1719) - Genealogy - Geni
Sep 6, 2025 · Friedrich Botha arrived at the Cape as a VOC soldier in 1678. In 1683, five years after his arrival, he gained the right to practice as a ...
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a project collating Cape of Good Hope records - Frederich Both
In 1678, Frederich Both arrived at the Cape from Wangeheim, dist. Gotha, Germany. (Defacto) Ménage à trois, Between 11 June 1683 and 1700 Maria ...
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Ancestors - Botha in Southern Africa
The surname of BOTHA in South Africa is derived from two progenitors ("stamvaders"). The first progenitor, Friedrich Both came from Germany.
[14]
[PDF] Between 1657 and 1797 there were four divorce cases at the Cape ...
By combining deep-rooting pedigrees with Y-chromosome haplotypes we could show that Maria's first son was most probably fathered by Ferdinandus Appel, whereas ...
[15]
Appel Botha Cornelitz: The abc of a three hundred year old divorce ...
In 1683 Maria Kickers and Jan Cornelitz got married in Cape Town. Today, 330 years later, the living patrilineal descendants of Maria's four sons, ...
[16]
Sex, lies and DNA: why many 'Bothas' in South Africa have the ...
Jun 27, 2021 · Maria denied any involvement with Ferdinandus Appel, but confessed that Frederik Botha was the biological father of all her children. In her own ...Missing: Theunis | Show results with:Theunis<|separator|>
[17]
[PDF] Appel Botha Cornelitz : the abc of a three hundred year old divorce ...
Here we use DNA from descendants as many as 10 generations later to unravel the paternity claims made during these proceedings. Jan Cornelitz came to the Cape ...
[18]
Sex, lies and DNA: why many 'Bothas' in SA have the wrong surname
Jun 28, 2021 · ... Botha lineage, resulting in 38000 people carrying that name when in fact they were descendants of Ferdinandus Appel, according to DNA research.
[19]
Three hundred years of low non-paternity in a human population
May 6, 2015 · Here we use this approach to investigate 1273 conceptions over a period of 330 years in 23 families of the Afrikaner population in South Africa.<|separator|>
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Sex, lies and DNA: don't turn mulberry, but if you're a Botha, you ...
Jun 28, 2021 · A University of Pretoria molecular genetics study has found that some 'Bothas' in SA have the wrong surname.
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Botha - Wikipedia
Andries Botha (19th century), Khoikhoi leader in the Cape Colony; Annie Botha (1864–1937), wife of the Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa; Chris Botha ...Descendants of Frederich Botha · Politicians, civil servants, and... · Rugby players
[22]
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[23]
Louis Botha | South African History Online
Aug 16, 2019 · Louis Botha was born near Greytown in Natal in 1862. He was the son of Voortrekker parents and was brought up on a farm in the Free State, ...
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Botha, Louis - 1914-1918 Online
Apr 23, 2015 · Louis Botha, Boer General and Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, served throughout the war. Following the 1914 Afrikaner rebellion, he commanded the ...
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Roelof Frederik 'Pik' Botha | South African History Online
Feb 17, 2011 · In March 1980 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and Information. In 1978 Pik Botha stood as a candidate for the premiership in a move ...<|separator|>
[27]
Pik Botha obituary | South Africa - The Guardian
Oct 12, 2018 · Roelof Frederik “Pik” Botha, who has died aged 86, became the world's longest-serving foreign minister while acting as principal mouthpiece for the South ...Missing: surname | Show results with:surname
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Pik Botha, South Africa's Last Apartheid Foreign Minister, Dies at 86
Oct 12, 2018 · Pik Botha served as foreign minister from 1977 until democratic elections in 1994 ended apartheid. He joined the Mandela-led coalition ...
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Roelof Botha - Sequoia Capital
I grew up in South Africa and went to an Afrikaans high school, and we didn't speak English at home. But I pushed myself to go to an English-speaking ...Missing: surname | Show results with:surname
[30]
GENUS Director Professor Jennifer Botha Inducted as RSSAf Fellow
Professor Botha now joins a prestigious lineage of South African palaeoscientists inducted into the RSSAf, tracing back to the pioneering palaeoanthropologist ...
[31]
Hugo Botha, M.B., Ch.B. - Mayo Clinic Faculty Profiles
Mayo Clinic researcher Hugo Botha, M.B., Ch.B., studies clinical, imaging and biomarker characteristics of degenerative diseases and language disorders.
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Johan Botha, Operatic Tenor in Difficult Roles, Dies at 51
Sep 8, 2016 · Mr. Botha, who was born in South Africa, performed for decades in daunting parts by Wagner, Strauss and Verdi.
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Johan Botha, acclaimed operatic tenor, dies at 51
Sep 8, 2016 · Johan Botha, a South African tenor known to patrons of the world's most prestigious opera houses for the unusual combination of dramatic force and lyrical ...
[34]
South African Opera Singer Johan Botha Dies at 51 - Variety
Sep 8, 2016 · Acclaimed South African heldentenor Johan Botha is dead. He died Thursday morning in Vienna after a critical battle with cancer.Missing: famous journalists
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Wim Botha - Artworks for Sale & More - Artsy
4.8 72 · 8-day deliveryWim Botha was born in Pretoria in 1974. He graduated from the University of Pretoria with a BA (Visual Art) in 1996. He lives in Cape Town.
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Wim Botha - Artist - Aspire Art
Wim Botha (b.1974) is a leading South African contemporary artist best-known for his sculptural works. He graduated with a degree in visual art from the ...
[37]
Wim Botha: Still Life with Discontent - North Carolina Museum of Art
South African artist Wim Botha's works are a study in contrasts: seductive yet displeasing, sacred yet profane, heavy yet light, and stable yet unsettled.
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South African Cinema 1896-2010, By Martin Botha - Intellect Books
Apr 15, 2012 · This volume represents an ambitious attempt to analyze and place in appropriate sociopolitical context the aesthetic highlights of South African cinema from ...
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Martin Botha - fipresci
Dr. Martin Botha published more than 200 articles, reports and papers on the South African media, including six books on South African cinema.Missing: surname arts culture music
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Ivan Botha - TVSA
Bio. Ivan Botha is a South African actor best known for his starring role as Pieter van Heerden in the SABC2 soapie 7de Laan.
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Ivan Botha - IMDb
Ivan Botha is known for Stroomop (2018), Blindelings (2023) and Een Keer Om Die Son (2024). He has been married to DonnaLee Roberts since 17 May 2019.
[42]
Willem Botha (Afrikaans Singer) - Online Quotes & Bookings
Willem Botha has made a significant impact since Idols, establishing himself as a singer, actor, TV presenter, photographer and makeup artist.
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Fiction | Danila Botha Author
Danila Botha is the critically acclaimed author of the short story collections Got No Secrets and the Trillium Book Award, Vine Awards, and ReLit Awards ...
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Reflections on writing with Danila Botha.... - Publication Coach
Oct 30, 2024 · Danila Botha is the author of three critically acclaimed short story collections, Got No Secrets and For All The Men (and Some of The Women) I've Known.
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Naas Botha - World Rugby
One of the all-time greats of South African rugby, Naas Botha won 28 caps for the Springboks in a 12-year international career stymied by his country's ...
[46]
Arno Botha | Ultimate Rugby Players, News, Fixtures and Live Results
He was captain of the rugby first team of Hoërskool Nylstroom for 2 years and he represented Limpopo at the Craven Week competitions in 2008 and 2009.
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Frans Botha - BoxRec
ID#, 003307. birth name, Francois Johannes Botha. sex, male. alias, The White Buffalo. nationality, South Africa. stance, orthodox. height, 6′ 2″ / 188cm.
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Johan Botha - Cricket Player South Africa - ESPNcricinfo
Full Name. Johan Botha ; Born. May 02, 1982, Johannesburg, Transvaal ; Age. 43y 177d ; Batting Style. Right hand Bat ; Bowling Style. Right arm Offbreak.
[49]
Bothas Hill - SA-Venues.com
Bothas Hill, in the Valley of 1000 Hills, has spectacular views, is named after Cornelius Botha, and is a Comrades Marathon landmark. It's cooler than Durban.<|separator|>
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Ga-Botha Map - Locality - Mpumalanga, South Africa - Mapcarta
Ga-Botha is a locality in Mpumalanga, South Africa and has an elevation of 986 metres. Ga-Botha is situated nearby to the suburb Uitvlugt, as well as near ...
[51]
Botha Map - Town - Witzenberg Local Municipality, Western Cape ...
Botha is a town in Witzenberg Local Municipality, Cape Winelands District Municipality, Western Cape. Mapcarta, the open map.
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Butha-Buthe - Lesotho | Data and Statistics
Botha-Bothe; Languages:Sesotho and English; Area in Sq.km:1,767 (2006); Population (persons):118,242 (2016); Population Density, people per sq. km:67 (2016) ...
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Bothasnek (R38) - Mpumalanga - Mountain Passes South Africa
This beautiful pass, which is not particularly well-known, is located on the tarred R38 route between Barberton and Badplaas, and offers up magnificent ...
[54]
Botha's Pass (R34) KZN - Mountain Passes South Africa
Dec 29, 2015 · This pass connects the Free State farming town of Memel via the R34 with the KZN town of Newcastle and straddles the border between the Free State and KZN.
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Botha School: Home
Botha School. Contact. Box 100. Botha, AB T0C 0N0. Phone: 403-742-5187. Our Schools, Big Valley School · Botha School · Brownfield School · Byemoor School ...Staff Directory · About · Calendar · School Reports
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About Us - - Chere Botha School
The mission of the Cheré Botha School is to develop the learners potential through a purposeful activity-based intervention programme.
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Wine Portfolio - Botha Kelder
Our Inspired Selection wine portfolio is a dedication to our winemakers' chosen profession and their creative insight journey of self-discovery.
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Botha - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding
Botha is a building material company that sells natural stone, parquet, and flooring products. Founded 1832 ...