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Chama

''Chama'' is a word meaning "group", "society", or "party". It may refer to:

Places

Chama, New Mexico, United States

Chama is a small village in Rio Arriba County, northern , , situated in the just south of the state line. At an elevation of 7,867 feet (2,398 m), it lies within a rugged, forested landscape characterized by coniferous trees and alpine meadows. The village had a of 917 according to the , with projections indicating a slight decline to around 911 residents by 2025 due to ongoing annual decreases of approximately 0.22%. Established in 1880 as a key stop on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad's San Juan Extension, Chama quickly developed as a hub for narrow-gauge railroading, facilitating the transport of timber, minerals, and passengers to mining regions in southwestern . The line's construction connected , to via Chama, supporting the silver boom and establishing the village's enduring railroad identity. Today, the historic tracks host the Cumbres & Scenic Railroad, a operating the longest and highest narrow-gauge steam railroad in at 64 miles, drawing visitors for immersive excursions through mountain passes and canyons. The local economy revolves around , bolstered by rail excursions on the Cumbres & Toltec, as well as in nearby trout streams and outdoor pursuits like hiking, hunting, and off-roading. Chama experiences a with comfortable, dry summers averaging in the mid-70s°F (24°C) and cold, snowy winters where temperatures often drop below 42°F (6°C), contributing to seasonal attractions such as . Prominent nearby sites include the Chama River Canyon Wilderness, a 50,300-acre featuring dramatic cliffs and opportunities for rafting and trail exploration along the Wild and Scenic river system. Culturally, Chama reflects the blended and Native American heritage prevalent in northern , with influences from colonial settlers and indigenous groups like the and nearby communities shaping local traditions, architecture, and land use practices. Annual events highlight this legacy, including the Chama Chile Ski Classic in January, a cross-country ski race that celebrates regional and , and Chama Days in , featuring parades, music, and artisan markets.

Chama, Zambia

Chama is a town in 's Eastern Province that serves as the administrative headquarters of Chama District, the largest district in the province by land area. The district spans approximately 17,630 square kilometers and recorded a of 103,894 in the 2010 , with 140,784 as of the 2022 ; the urban area had a of 12,923 as of the 2022 . The area is home to the Senga and Tumbuka peoples, ethnic groups with deep historical ties to the Luangwa region. Originally established as a colonial administrative in the early 20th century during British rule in , Chama has evolved into a key rural hub. It now acts as a gateway to the expansive Upper Luangwa Valley wilderness, facilitating access to remote natural areas. economy relies heavily on , including the of crops like and , supplemented by fishing in the and small-scale timber production; eco-tourism is gaining traction due to the district's proximity to protected zones. Situated about 940 kilometers northeast of and 334 kilometers from the provincial capital Chipata, Chama faces significant challenges from its remoteness, including limited road infrastructure and access to services, which hinder development despite the district's vast resources. Administratively, it is divided into Chama North and Chama South parliamentary constituencies, overseen by six traditional chiefs and encompassing 25 wards. The town lies near Lundazi to the south and borders , enhancing its role in cross-border trade. Chama District's natural surroundings highlight the of the Luangwa , with the Musalangu Game Management Area supporting such as herds that undertake seasonal migrations along the riverine corridors. The region offers prime opportunities, featuring over 400 in the habitats, including rare endemics like the Chaplin's barbet, drawing conservation-focused visitors to the adjacent North Luangwa , approximately 194 kilometers away. Valuable timber like mukula and , along with baobab trees, further enrich the landscape.

Rio Chama, United States

The is a major tributary of the in northern , originating in the southern of where the East Fork and West Fork converge near the Divide. The river flows approximately 130 miles (210 ) southward through the rugged terrain of northern New Mexico, carving a dramatic multi-colored canyon before joining the near Española. Its drainage basin spans about 3,000 square miles (7,800 km²), encompassing diverse landscapes from forests to arid canyons and supporting a range of riparian ecosystems. In 1978, the state of designated portions of the as a Scenic and River, followed by federal designation under the Wild and Scenic Rivers System in 1988 for 25 miles (40 km) from the boundary downstream to the Forest boundary. This protection highlights the river's outstanding scenic, recreational, and ecological values, including the surrounding Chama River Canyon , a 50,300-acre (20,400 ha) area managed by the U.S. Forest Service and , featuring towering cliffs up to 1,500 feet (460 m) high, narrow side canyons, and prehistoric archaeological sites. The river supports popular recreational activities such as and kayaking on its Class I-II rapids, particularly in the 31-mile stretch managed by the , as well as fishing for rainbow and in its clear waters. The plays a key role in the San Juan–Chama Project, a federal initiative that diverts water from tributaries of the River in through tunnels to the Chama basin, providing an average of 110,000 acre-feet annually for irrigation in the Middle Valley and municipal supplies to cities like Albuquerque and . However, this water management has raised environmental concerns, including ongoing water rights disputes—particularly with the Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, which holds senior rights to the river—and threats to riparian habitats for species like the southwestern amid , over-diversion, and climate variability. Historically, the has been vital to indigenous peoples, including the who utilized its resources for hunting and gathering in the surrounding mountains and canyons since pre-Columbian times, as well as ancestral Pueblo communities like those at Ohkay Owingeh for agriculture and settlement. Spanish explorers and colonizers arrived in the 16th century, establishing missions and settlements along the river, such as at Abiquiu, integrating it into early colonial trade and farming networks. Today, these protections under the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System ensure the river's free-flowing condition and ecological integrity, preserving its cultural and natural heritage for future generations. The nearby town of , serves as a gateway for river access.

Chama River, Venezuela

The Chama River serves as the primary waterway in Venezuela's Mérida state, originating in the Mifafí highlands of the Andean Sierra Nevada de Mérida at an elevation of about 2,500 meters near the town of Apartaderos.) Flowing northward for approximately 180 kilometers (110 mi) through rugged mountain terrain and valleys, it drains into Lake Maracaibo, contributing to the lake's southern freshwater inflows alongside rivers like the Catatumbo and Escalante.) The river's upper basin spans about 1,900 square kilometers, encompassing a range of elevations from high páramos to lower cloud forests, which foster high biodiversity; this includes endemic orchids and bird species adapted to the misty Andean montane forests along its course. Unlike the semi-arid Rio Chama in the United States, the Venezuelan Chama supports lush tropical ecosystems driven by abundant rainfall. Economically, the Chama River is essential for in Mérida's fertile valleys, irrigating crops such as and plantains that have been cultivated intensively since colonial times, with the river facilitating export routes to ports like . It sustains local fisheries through its nutrient-rich waters and aids rural transportation, enabling the movement of goods and people in areas with limited road infrastructure. initiatives, including control dams under conservation projects, harness the river's flow to generate , supporting regional demands amid Venezuela's reliance on for over 60% of its power. The river's basin faces significant environmental pressures from , which has intensified and flooding risks, and , leading to altered patterns and increased torrential mudflows in the páramos during heavy rains. These threats endanger the ecological balance, particularly the cloud forests' role in water regulation and for endemic like high-altitude . Historically, the Chama River formed key colonial trade corridors in the 18th and 19th centuries, transporting agricultural products such as from Andean plantations to lowland markets, while sustaining communities in the through and farming practices.

People

Clatous Chama

is a Zambian professional born on June 18, 1991, in Mansa, , who operates primarily as an . Standing at 1.73 meters tall, he currently plays for Singida Black Stars in the and represents the national team, known as the Chipolopolo. His career trajectory reflects a blend of domestic success in and sustained impact in Tanzanian football, where he has become a recognized figure for his midfield prowess. Chama's professional journey began with ZESCO United in the Zambian Super League in 2015, where he quickly established himself as a key , contributing to the team's league title that season. He moved to Lusaka Dynamos in 2017 before transferring to Tanzanian giants in 2018, marking a significant step in his career abroad. Over six seasons with Simba, Chama played a pivotal role in securing multiple titles, including the 2018–19, 2020, and 2022–23 campaigns, and helped the reach the quarter-finals on three occasions. On loan to in the 2021–22 season, he added a continental honor by winning the . After a brief stint with Young Africans in 2024, where he scored six goals in limited appearances, Chama joined Singida Black Stars on a one-year deal in September 2025, continuing his influence in East . On the international stage, Chama earned his first cap for on January 19, 2016, against in the . As of November 2025, he has accumulated 39 appearances and six goals, with notable strikes including one in a 3–3 draw against during a qualifier on March 25, 2021. He has also scored in qualification matches, aiding 's campaigns, such as the 2021 edition where the team qualified successfully. Renowned for his vision in playmaking, precise passing, and proficiency in set-pieces like free-kicks, Chama's style emphasizes leadership and work rate in midfield, making him a reliable asset for the national team. Hailing from Mansa, Chama's progression from Zambian domestic leagues to competitive Tanzanian and continental environments underscores his personal growth and adaptability. His sustained performances abroad have elevated the visibility of Zambian talent in regional competitions, fostering development in the national setup by demonstrating tactical sophistication and consistency that inspire emerging midfielders back home.

Dick Chama

Dick Chama (11 February 1946 – 21 March 2006) was a Zambian footballer who played as a centre-back, renowned for his defensive prowess during the and . Born in Chililabombwe, he began his career with local teams before joining Green Buffaloes FC in , where he became a key figure in the club's defense from 1973 to 1976. As Zambia transitioned to in 1964, Chama emerged as a stalwart in the national team's backline, contributing to the growth of football as a unifying force in post-colonial Zambian society. Chama earned 76 caps for the Zambia national team between 1967 and 1976, scoring 6 goals, and served as captain in numerous matches during the 1970s. He featured in the 1974 Africa Cup of Nations, where Zambia reached the final, showcasing his role in elevating the nation's performance on the continental stage. His international record included 35 wins, 18 draws, and 23 losses, with a goals-for tally of 166 against 111 conceded, underscoring his impact as a defensive anchor. Alongside contemporaries like Dickson Makwaza, Chama helped foster a shared national identity through football in the independence era. After retiring as a player, Chama transitioned into coaching, leading the national team in 1994 and the squad in 1980. He also managed club sides such as Green Buffaloes FC, where his contract extended into the early 2000s, and Nkwazi FC starting in 2002, applying his expertise to develop defensive strategies and nurture young talent. These roles amplified his contributions to Zambian football's early post-independence development, emphasizing disciplined play and team cohesion. Chama's legacy endures as one of Zambia's premier defenders, with his career integral to the sport's evolution and national pride in the post-colonial period. His influence extended beyond playing, as his coaching efforts helped sustain competitive standards at both club and international levels, earning recognition as a foundational figure in Zambian history.

Davies Chama

Davies Chama is a Zambian politician born on August 21, 1964. He holds a in and worked as an before entering . Chama joined the Patriotic Front (PF) party and contested the Central parliamentary seat in the 2006 general elections, where he was defeated by the candidate. He rose within the party ranks to become its secretary general, a position he held from around 2011, during which he played a key role in PF's organizational growth and electoral strategies. In 2015, Chama was appointed Minister of Home Affairs, overseeing internal security and immigration policies amid a politically charged environment. He briefly served in this role before transitioning to other responsibilities. By September 2016, President appointed him as Minister of Defence, a position he held until August 2021, while also being nominated as a for the PF in the . As Defence Minister, Chama oversaw efforts to modernize Zambia's armed forces, including the of advanced to enhance operational capabilities. He also commended the defence forces for their professionalism in maintaining national and during tense periods. Additionally, in acting capacities, he addressed challenges, such as urging politicians to avoid actions that complicate police work and refuting claims of unprofessionalism in . Chama's tenure emphasized security policies, including participation in regional mechanisms like the (SADC) oversight processes, where assumed leadership under his watch in efforts to stabilize . His background and name connect him to Chama district in Zambia's Eastern , where he has advocated for initiatives, aligning with PF's focus on agricultural and community programs in underserved areas. In 2020, he was elevated to PF vice national chairperson, further solidifying his influence within the party. However, following the PF's loss in the 2021 general elections, Chama faced internal party turmoil; he was suspended in October 2023 amid disciplinary charges and later expelled along with other members. As of 2025, Chama's post-ministerial activities have been marked by legal challenges stemming from a 2015 incident during the Mulobezi by-election in Western Province, where he and his driver, Brian Dumisani Nyoni, were accused of shooting and injuring a (UPND) supporter. In August 2025, the convicted them of causing grievous harm, sentencing Chama to eight years' imprisonment with ; Nyoni received a similar sentence . This conviction represents a significant development in his career, which had previously centered on and party leadership.

Other uses

Chama Cha Mapinduzi

(CCM), translating to "Party of the Revolution" in , was founded on February 5, 1977, through the merger of the (TANU) and the (ASP), unifying the mainland and Zanzibar's ruling entities into a single national party. This formation followed Tanzania's in 1961 under TANU leadership, establishing CCM as the sole legal party until the shift to multiparty democracy in 1992, and it has remained the dominant ruling party since, marking it as Africa's longest continuously governing party as of 2025. Under founding leader , CCM's ideology centered on , or , which emphasized communal self-reliance, villagization programs, and national unity to foster economic independence post-colonialism. Nyerere, who served as Tanzania's first from 1964 to 1985, transitioned the party toward multiparty democracy in his later years, paving the way for constitutional reforms in 1992 that allowed opposition parties while maintaining CCM's grip on power. Successive leaders, including (1985–1995), who liberalized the economy by introducing market reforms and reducing state control, and current (2021–present), have adapted CCM's platform to blend socialist roots with pragmatic governance, including her 2025 reelection victory—though marred by allegations of fraud, exclusion of opposition candidates, violent protests resulting in deaths, and criticism from regional bodies like the AU and SADC—that extended the party's presidential dominance. CCM has won every since the multiparty era began in 1995, securing over 80% of votes in most contests through strong rural mobilization and institutional advantages. The party has played a pivotal role in Tanzania's economic policies, shifting from Nyerere's state-led to Mwinyi's structural adjustments with the , which promoted and foreign investment, and under , focusing on infrastructure growth and digital economy initiatives to achieve middle-income status. CCM has driven efforts, notably under , who established the to probe high-level graft and recovered billions in assets, though challenges persist in enforcement. In regional integration, CCM has championed Tanzania's leadership in the (EAC), advocating for expansion and peacekeeping contributions to enhance cross-border trade and stability. CCM's organizational structure includes a National Congress as the supreme body, meeting every five years to elect leaders, overseen by a that handles policy between sessions, ensuring hierarchical decision-making from national to branch levels. The party's , Umoja wa Vijana wa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (UVCCM), mobilizes young members for elections and advocacy, as seen in its 2025 social media campaigns that boosted among under-35s. Despite this, CCM faces criticisms of authoritarian tendencies, including suppression of opposition during elections and media restrictions, particularly intensified under predecessor (2015–2021). Post-2020 reforms under have included lifting bans on gatherings and releasing political prisoners, signaling internal efforts to address democratic backsliding, though observers note ongoing electoral irregularities and limited opposition space.

Chama (savings group)

Chama (savings group) is an informal (ROSCA) common in , particularly , where 10–20 members pool fixed monthly contributions that rotate as lump sums to individuals without interest, serving as an alternative to formal banking for low-income groups.

Chama (bivalve)

Chama is the of the family Chamidae, a group of bivalve mollusks commonly known as jewel boxes due to their ornate, often brightly colored shells. First described by in his in 1758, the genus comprises approximately 43 accepted species, primarily inhabiting tropical and subtropical environments. These bivalves are characterized by thick, irregular, inequivalve shells where the left valve is cemented to hard substrates such as rocks or , while the right valve remains free and operculum-like. The exterior often features foliated spines, radiating ribs, or leafy projections that provide and protection among reef structures. The distribution of Chama species centers on the tropical and western Atlantic oceans, with some extending to subtropical regions; they thrive in clear, shallow waters from intertidal zones to depths of around 50 meters. A key example is Chama cor, described by Linnaeus in 1767, which attaches to s or rocky substrates in Indo-Pacific shallows and can attain sizes up to 10 cm in height, showcasing the genus's typical asymmetrical growth and spiny ornamentation. These sedentary bivalves play an ecological role as , using their gills to strain and organic particles from seawater, thereby supporting nutrient cycling in coral reef ecosystems. Commercially, Chama hold value in the ornamental for their aesthetic appeal, with shells used in crafts or as curios; they are also occasionally kept as aquarium specimens due to their striking appearance, though their cemented habit limits captive suitability. Evolutionarily, the genus displays an eulamellibranchiate structure with Type C(1) ciliation, an adaptation enhancing efficiency in particle capture for their attached, epifaunal lifestyle amid wave-exposed habitats. The name "Chama" originates from the Latin term for , reflecting its classical taxonomic roots.

Vulpes chama

Vulpes chama, commonly known as the , silver-backed fox, or , is the smallest species of true and a small endemic to . Adults typically weigh 3.5–5 kg, with males averaging around 4 kg and females slightly smaller, and measure 45–61 cm in body length with a shoulder height of 28–33 cm. The species is characterized by its silver-gray pelage with black guard hairs giving a grizzled appearance, reddish tones on the head and forelimbs, large ears, and a bushy tipped in black that reaches about 30–35 cm in length. These features aid in within its arid environment. The Cape fox inhabits open, dry landscapes including arid savannas, semi-desert scrublands, and Karoo shrublands, ranging from southern Angola and Namibia through Botswana to South Africa, avoiding dense forests and preferring areas with scattered thickets or grasslands. It is non-migratory, with home ranges of 1–5 km², and has adapted to harsh, water-scarce conditions by obtaining necessary moisture primarily from its diet rather than free-standing water sources, supplemented by behavioral thermoregulation such as nocturnal activity and panting to minimize evaporative loss. Population estimates suggest stability across its range, with over 30,000 individuals in South Africa's Free State province alone indicating a total likely exceeding 100,000, though precise continent-wide figures remain unavailable. As a primarily nocturnal , chama forages solitarily at night for small , hares, like and , reptiles, birds, eggs, carrion, and occasionally fruits or berries, caching excess food for later use. It exhibits monogamous behavior, with pairs forming in late winter; lasts 51–53 days, resulting in litters of 2–5 pups born in (September–November in the ) within underground burrows dug by the female or repurposed from other animals. Both parents provide care, with pups emerging after about a month, becoming independent at 4–5 months, and reaching around 9–11 months. Classified as Least Concern on the due to its wide distribution and stable population trends, the faces localized threats from due to , persecution as a livestock predator, and diseases such as and . Conservation efforts include protection in reserves like South Africa's Soetdoring Nature Reserve, where densities reach 1.3 individuals per km², and problem animal control programs to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. The species' name derives from the genus (Latin for fox) and chama, a modification of the term "caama" referring to this fox-like canid.

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