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Cheeta

Cheeta (sometimes spelled Cheetah, Cheta, or Chita) is a fictional chimpanzee character created for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) Tarzan film series, serving as the comic-relief sidekick and loyal companion to Tarzan in jungle adventure stories. Introduced in the 1932 film Tarzan the Ape Man starring Johnny Weissmuller as Tarzan, Cheeta quickly became an iconic element of the franchise, often engaging in mischievous antics, aiding in rescues, and providing humorous interludes amid the action.^[1]^[2] The character does not appear in Edgar Rice Burroughs' original Tarzan novels, where Tarzan's primate companion was a monkey named N'kima; Cheeta was invented specifically for the films to enhance the visual and comedic appeal. Over the series' run from the 1930s to the 1960s, Cheeta featured in numerous entries, including early Weissmuller classics like Tarzan and His Mate (1934) and later films with actors such as Gordon Scott and Jock Mahoney, evolving from a supporting player to a beloved staple of the genre. The role was portrayed by multiple chimpanzees across productions, as individual animals aged out or were unavailable, with the most documented early performer being Jiggs, who originated the part in 1932 and died of pneumonia in 1938.^[1]^[2] Cheeta's legacy extends beyond the screen through cultural references, merchandise, and ongoing fascination with the real animals behind the role, though this has sparked controversies and hoaxes. In the 1960s, several chimpanzees were marketed as "the original Cheeta," including one donated from Weissmuller's estate to a Florida sanctuary, where it lived until dying of kidney failure in 2011 at a reported age of 80—far exceeding typical chimpanzee lifespans of 35–45 years in captivity. However, experts have debunked many such claims, noting that film chimps like Jiggs died decades earlier and that later "Cheetas" were often unrelated or exaggerated for publicity. A similar case involved a Palm Springs chimpanzee billed as a Tarzan veteran, which died in 2022 at around 74 years old, further highlighting the blurred lines between fact and legend in Hollywood animal stardom.^[1]^[3]^[4]^[2]

Character Overview

Origin in Tarzan Franchise

Cheeta, the chimpanzee sidekick to Tarzan, was introduced in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's (MGM) 1932 film Tarzan the Ape Man, the first cinematic adaptation starring Johnny Weissmuller as the ape man. Created by the studio specifically for the screen to inject humor and broaden audience appeal through comic antics, Cheeta served as Tarzan's playful companion, contrasting the hero's stoic demeanor with slapstick mischief. The film premiered on March 25, 1932, marking Cheeta's debut in a role that quickly became a staple of the franchise.^[5]^[6] Unlike the film character, Cheeta has no counterpart in Edgar Rice Burroughs' original Tarzan novels, where apes and animals play supporting roles but lack a dedicated chimpanzee companion. The nearest literary analog is Nkima, a clever little monkey who first appears in Burroughs' Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1928) and recurs in subsequent books, including Tarzan and the City of Gold (1932), often acting as a scout and messenger for Tarzan but without the comedic emphasis of the cinematic Cheeta. This distinction highlights MGM's adaptation choices, prioritizing entertainment value over fidelity to the source material.^[5]^[7] As the Tarzan series progressed, Cheeta's portrayal evolved from largely silent visual gags in the early 1930s entries to a more expressive figure with distinct personality traits in later films, frequently engaging in behaviors like mimicking human gestures—such as imitating phone conversations or dressing in clothes—for laughs. This development helped solidify Cheeta's status as a beloved element of the franchise, appearing in numerous films from 1932 to 1966, before extending to the 1966–1968 television series starring Ron Ely.

Role and Characteristics

In the Tarzan films, Cheeta serves primarily as a source of comic relief, employing slapstick antics and exaggerated expressions to lighten the adventure's tone and provide humorous contrast to the high-stakes action. The character's mischievous behaviors, such as pilfering props or mimicking human actions, often steal scenes and endear the chimpanzee to audiences, enhancing the films' entertainment value through lighthearted interruptions amid Tarzan's heroic exploits.^[6]^[8] Beyond humor, Cheeta functions as a loyal sidekick, assisting Tarzan by delivering urgent messages to allies or summoning jungle animals for rescues, thereby contributing to plot progression and underscoring themes of camaraderie in the wilderness. Portrayed as childlike and impulsive, with a playful yet devoted personality that contrasts sharply with Tarzan's stoic and heroic demeanor, Cheeta communicates through simple vocalizations, gestures, and expressive faces, adding emotional depth to their partnership. Iconic traits include temporary donning of human attire for comedic effect, jealous reactions toward Jane as a perceived rival for Tarzan's attention, and even smoking cigars in humorous vignettes that highlight the character's whimsical naughtiness.^[9]^[10]^[11] Over the decades, Cheeta's role evolved from peripheral comic interludes in the 1930s MGM entries to a more integrated companion in the 1950s and 1960s RKO and Sy Weintraub productions, where the chimpanzee actively participates in storylines, such as alerting Tarzan to dangers during their urban escapades in Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942). This progression reflects the franchise's shift toward ensemble dynamics, making Cheeta an indispensable element of the Tarzan mythos and amplifying the series' blend of adventure and levity.^[6]^[12]

Portrayals in Media

Film Appearances

Cheeta's film appearances spanned the classic Tarzan series, debuting as Tarzan's loyal chimpanzee companion in the inaugural sound film Tarzan the Ape Man (1932), where it briefly aids in the rescue of Jane and the expedition party from a hostile tribe.^[5] The character became a staple across 27 theatrical films from 1932 to 1966, evolving from minor comic interludes to more integral roles that highlighted its mischievous personality and jungle antics, often serving as Tarzan's resourceful ally.^[13] The MGM era (1932–1948) encompassed 12 films starring Johnny Weissmuller as Tarzan, during which Cheeta's presence grew from fleeting cameos to key supporting turns, providing levity amid the adventure. A notable milestone came in Tarzan Escapes (1936), marking Cheeta's first substantial screen role with extended scenes of playfulness and assistance.^[13] This prominence increased in Tarzan Finds a Son! (1939), where Cheeta rescues a plane crash survivor—a baby boy—delivering him to Tarzan and Jane, who adopt the child as "Boy" and thereby establish the core family unit for subsequent stories.^[14] Screen time varied, starting under five minutes in early entries like Tarzan the Ape Man but expanding to prominent sequences in later ones, such as Cheeta's circus escapades in Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942).^[13] Transitioning to the RKO era (1949–1954), Cheeta appeared in five films, initially with Lex Barker as Tarzan, maintaining its comic relief function while adapting to more rugged jungle plots; examples include Tarzan's Magic Fountain (1949), the first RKO production, and Tarzan and the She-Devil (1953), where Cheeta's antics contrast the human threats.^[15] Sol Lesser productions dominated the final phase (1955–1966), featuring Cheeta in 10 films with actors including Gordon Scott, Jock Mahoney, and Mike Henry, as the series shifted toward international locations and modern elements. Cheeta's role often achieved co-star billing, with antics comprising up to 10–15 minutes in films like Tarzan the Magnificent (1960), emphasizing clever problem-solving alongside Tarzan. The character's final theatrical outing occurred in Tarzan and the Valley of Gold (1966), concluding its cinematic legacy before transitioning to television.^[16] The following table enumerates the 27 films chronologically by era, with Cheeta credited in each as Tarzan's chimpanzee sidekick:

Era	Year	Title
MGM	1932	Tarzan the Ape Man
MGM	1934	Tarzan and His Mate
MGM	1936	Tarzan Escapes
MGM	1939	Tarzan Finds a Son!
MGM	1941	Tarzan's Secret Treasure
MGM	1942	Tarzan's New York Adventure
MGM	1943	Tarzan Triumphs
MGM	1943	Tarzan's Desert Mystery
MGM	1945	Tarzan and the Amazons
MGM	1946	Tarzan and the Leopard Woman
MGM	1947	Tarzan and the Huntress
MGM	1948	Tarzan and the Mermaids
RKO	1949	Tarzan's Magic Fountain
RKO	1950	Tarzan and the Slave Girl
RKO	1951	Tarzan's Peril
RKO	1952	Tarzan and the Jungle Queen
RKO	1953	Tarzan and the She-Devil
Sol Lesser	1955	Tarzan's Hidden Jungle
Sol Lesser	1957	Tarzan and the Lost Safari
Sol Lesser	1958	Tarzan and the Trappers
Sol Lesser	1958	Tarzan's Fight for Life
Sol Lesser	1959	Tarzan, the Ape Man
Sol Lesser	1960	Tarzan the Magnificent
Sol Lesser	1962	Tarzan Goes to India
Sol Lesser	1963	Tarzan's Three Challenges
Sol Lesser	1966	Tarzan and the Valley of Gold
Sol Lesser	1966	Tarzan and the Great River

^[13]^[15]^[17]

Television and Later Adaptations

Cheeta appeared as Tarzan's loyal chimpanzee companion in the NBC adventure series Tarzan (1966–1968), starring Ron Ely in the title role, where the character provided comic relief through mischievous subplots amid jungle escapades.^[18] The series, which ran for two seasons and 57 episodes, depicted Cheeta assisting Tarzan and the young boy Jai in various perils, often injecting humor into the otherwise serious action narratives.^[19] In subsequent animated adaptations, Cheeta's presence diminished to brief cameos, reflecting a shift away from the character's central film role. For instance, the chimpanzee appeared sporadically in the Filmation series Tarzan and the Super 7 (1978), an anthology that included Tarzan segments alongside other heroes, but without the prominence of earlier portrayals.^[20] Similarly, in Disney's The Legend of Tarzan (2001–2003), Cheeta had minor animated inclusions, overshadowed by the franchise's focus on Tarzan's gorilla family and other jungle inhabitants. The character played no major role in Disney's 1999 animated feature Tarzan, which replaced the chimpanzee sidekick with Terk, a boisterous female gorilla voiced by Rosie O'Donnell, emphasizing ensemble animal dynamics over a singular comic companion. Nor did Cheeta feature significantly in the 2016 live-action film The Legend of Tarzan, directed by David Yates, which prioritized historical realism and human-centric storytelling. Post-1960s adaptations marked a broader decline in Cheeta's usage, driven by evolving cinematic trends toward realistic depictions of wildlife and heightened animal rights awareness, which discouraged the exploitation of live primates in entertainment.^[21] Cheeta's final live-action television appearance occurred in the 1968 season finale of the NBC series, after which the character largely faded from new productions, surviving primarily in nostalgic revivals or parodic homages that evoke the classic Tarzan era.^[18]

Real-Life Chimpanzees

Original Portrayers

The original portrayer of Cheeta in the early Tarzan films was a male chimpanzee named Jiggs, born around 1929 and captured young in the Belgian Congo. Jiggs first appeared as Cheeta in Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) and continued in Tarzan and His Mate (1934), providing comic relief alongside Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan. He was trained by animal handler Tony Gentry and his wife Ruth, who had acquired and rehabilitated him after initial mistreatment, teaching him tricks like trapeze swinging and wire-walking that enhanced his on-screen antics. Jiggs died of pneumonia on February 28, 1938, at approximately age 9, and was buried in the Los Angeles Pet Memorial Park.^[1] Following Jiggs' death, production transitioned to RKO Pictures, where multiple unnamed chimpanzees filled the role in transitional films from 1935 to 1939, reflecting the common practice of using several animals per production due to their limited attention spans and the demands of filming schedules.^[22] Historical records from studio trainers indicate that these early replacements were sourced from various handlers, ensuring continuity in Cheeta's character despite the lack of a single long-term performer.^[23] In the 1940s RKO era, a chimpanzee named Skippy took over as Cheeta, appearing in films such as Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941). Trained by Erna Brown Fowler, Skippy was active through the 1930s and into the 1940s–1950s, contributing to the character's established persona during the Weissmuller series. Like many captive chimpanzees of the era, whose median lifespan was around 30-40 years, though exact dates for Skippy remain unrecorded in available studio documentation. This succession underscored the reliance on interchangeable animal actors to maintain Cheeta's presence across the franchise's evolving productions.

Training and Handling

Training chimpanzees for the role of Cheeta in the Tarzan franchise involved positive reinforcement methods, where food rewards such as eggs, sausage, and toast were used to encourage behaviors like responding to verbal cues and performing tricks. Trainers like Tony Gentry directed the animals with simple commands, such as instructing them to make specific faces or execute somersaults, often through demonstration and repetition to mimic human-like actions; for behaviors like cigar smoking, non-harmful props were employed to simulate the activity without actual tobacco use.^[23]^[24] Key challenges in handling included the animals' short attention spans and rapid fatigue, necessitating filming sessions limited to just a few minutes per take to maintain performance quality. Productions addressed this by rotating multiple chimpanzees—often several per film—to distribute workload and prevent exhaustion, ensuring no single animal was overtaxed during shoots.^[25]^[26] Historically, the 1930s Tarzan films relied heavily on wild-caught chimpanzees imported from Africa, reflecting the era's limited captive breeding infrastructure in the U.S. By the 1950s, while early laboratory breeding programs had begun to emerge, Tarzan productions continued to primarily source imported wild-caught chimpanzees.^[27]^[28] The median lifespan of chimpanzees in captivity is typically 30 to 40 years, with some individuals reaching up to 60 years, further shaped rotations, as older animals were phased out for younger, more trainable juveniles.

Controversies and Hoaxes

Tony Gentry's Claims

Tony Gentry, a longtime Hollywood animal trainer who began his career in the circus at age 16 and later co-owned and trained the original Jiggs chimpanzee for the 1930s Tarzan films, made bold assertions in his later years about another chimp under his care. He claimed that Jiggs IV, a chimpanzee he acquired as a young animal in the late 1930s or reportedly born in Liberia around 1932, was the very same Cheeta that debuted in the 1932 Tarzan film and went on to portray the character in most of the Johnny Weissmuller and Lex Barker installments, totaling over 30 films including appearances alongside Weissmuller in Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) and Barker in later entries.^[23]^[29]^[30] Gentry further alleged that Jiggs IV enjoyed an extraordinarily long lifespan of more than 80 years, far exceeding typical chimpanzee longevity, and retired from show business in 1967 after a role in Doctor Dolittle, eventually being placed at the C.H.E.E.T.A. Primate Sanctuary in Palm Springs, California, in 1991 following his own declining health. He promoted this narrative through various media appearances and sanctuary-related events starting in the 1980s, including a 1985 push for a joint Hollywood Walk of Fame star for himself and the chimp, emphasizing their contributions to cinema.^[23]^[31]^[4] To bolster the chimp's celebrity status, Gentry and his nephew Dan Westfall, who took over care after Gentry's death in 1991, employed promotional tactics such as staging annual birthday celebrations—often on July 6, with festivities including cake and gifts despite uncertain exact dates—and asserting that Jiggs IV received ongoing residuals from film royalties to support the sanctuary. These efforts extended into books and public events in the 2000s, with the 2008 publication of Me Cheeta: The Chimpanzee from Hollywood, presented as the animal's autobiography detailing its supposed adventures on set with Weissmuller and others, which even garnered literary award shortlistings.^[32]^[30]^[29]

Debunking and Aftermath

In 2008, an investigative article in The Washington Post exposed Tony Gentry's claims about Cheeta as a hoax, revealing that the chimpanzee known as Jiggs IV was acquired by Gentry in 1967 from a Santa Monica Pier performer and had never appeared in any films.^[33] The exposé determined that Jiggs IV was born around 1960, making him approximately 48 years old at the time of the report, far short of the 76 years Gentry had claimed.^[33] Jiggs IV lived out his days at the C.H.E.E.T.A. Primate Sanctuary in Palm Springs, California, where he passed away on May 5, 2022, at an estimated age of 62.^[4] The debunking relied on several lines of evidence contradicting Gentry's narrative. According to Associated Press reports, the maximum lifespan for chimpanzees in captivity is typically 60 years, rendering Gentry's age claims biologically implausible for a chimp purportedly active in 1930s films.^[34] Studio records from MGM and other production companies confirm that the role of Cheeta was portrayed by multiple chimpanzees across the Tarzan series, with no single animal spanning the decades-long franchise.^[33] Furthermore, Gentry's own involvement in the 1938 obituary and burial arrangements for the original Jiggs— who died of pneumonia at age 9—directly contradicted his later assertions that Jiggs IV was that same animal.^[33] Following the exposé, the C.H.E.E.T.A. sanctuary shifted its promotional efforts away from the disputed Tarzan celebrity narrative toward general primate welfare and conservation, though it retained the chimp's name in its branding. The hoax generated widespread public confusion, prompting media outlets to issue corrections and retractions about Cheeta's supposed film history and longevity. Jiggs IV enjoyed a quiet "celebrity" status at the sanctuary in his later years, receiving unverified tributes and honors tied to the myth, until his death was announced on May 9, 2022.^[4] The incident underscored broader issues in the perpetuation of animal celebrity myths, particularly how such stories can mislead public perceptions and raise ethical concerns around fundraising for sanctuaries that exploit unverified legends for donations.^[33]

Legacy

Honors and Recognition

In March 1995, the chimpanzee character Cheeta was awarded a star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars, recognized for its role in the Tarzan films; this honor, the only such permanent tribute on a walk of fame for the character, was based on claims by trainer Tony Gentry that the resident chimpanzee at a local sanctuary was the original performer.^[4] Efforts to secure a star for Cheeta on the Hollywood Walk of Fame spanned the 1990s and 2000s, with multiple applications submitted by supporters including Gentry and sanctuary caretaker Dan Westfall, but all were rejected by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce due to difficulties in verifying the chimpanzee's identity and contributions.^[33] Other attempted recognitions included a 2003 designation by Guinness World Records as the oldest chimpanzee, promoted as the longest-lived animal actor from the Tarzan series, though this was later invalidated following revelations that the age and film history claims were fabricated as part of Gentry's hoax.^[35] Additionally, the sanctuary chimpanzee, exhibited as the retired "star" Cheeta, maintained this fictional celebrity status in public displays and promotions until its death in 2022.^[4]

Cultural Influence

Cheeta's portrayal as Tarzan's loyal and mischievous chimpanzee sidekick established a lasting archetype for comic-relief animal companions in adventure narratives, influencing subsequent depictions of primates in popular media. In television and animation, Cheeta has been referenced nostalgically in reboots and homages to the Tarzan franchise, reinforcing the character's role as a symbol of whimsical Hollywood jungle tales from the 1930s and 1940s. These nods often highlight the era's blend of action, humor, and anthropomorphic animal bonds, evoking mid-20th-century escapism amid global uncertainties like the Great Depression and World War II.^[36] The character's legacy extends to broader discussions on animal roles in entertainment, particularly post-controversies surrounding the authenticity of individual Cheetas, which sparked conversations about the exploitation of primates in early Hollywood productions. Cheeta came to represent the ethical challenges of using live animals for stunts and comedy before the widespread adoption of CGI, prompting reflections on industry practices that prioritized spectacle over welfare.^[37] In contemporary contexts, Cheeta serves as an educational icon for primate conservation, with sanctuaries leveraging the character's fame to advocate for retired animal actors and raise awareness about chimpanzee protection. The 2022 death of the Palm Springs-based Cheeta, long billed as a Tarzan veteran, garnered media attention that renewed public interest in the verified histories of the film's chimpanzee performers and their contributions to cinematic lore.^[4]^[38]

References

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In these movies, Cheeta became a fan-favorite, showcasing his mischievous and loyal nature. Several chimpanzees have portrayed Cheeta over the years, each ...
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(African-American comic Mantan Moreland avoided contact with Cheeta in their one notorious scene together, where Cheeta jibbers over the phone and Mantan ...Missing: relief | Show results with:relief<|control11|><|separator|>
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### Summary of Cheeta's Role in Tarzan Finds a Son! (1939)
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Rating 5.8/10 (623) There is no Cheetah in this one instead you get Dinky the Chimp. Tarzan just doesn't seem the same without him. Exploding watches and Tarzan driving tanks is ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Tarzan Movies ; 1. Tarzan of the Apes. 19181h 13mNot Rated ; 2. The Romance of Tarzan. 19181h 10m ; 3. The Revenge of Tarzan. 19201h 30m ; 4. The Son of Tarzan.
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