Faro
Faro is a city and municipality in southern Portugal, serving as the administrative capital of the Algarve region and the southernmost city in continental Portugal.[1][2]The municipality spans 210 km² and encompasses approximately 70,000 residents as of recent estimates, including four parishes: the United Parishes of Conceição and Estoi, Santa Bárbara de Nexe, Montenegro, and the United Parishes of Sé and São Pedro.[1][3]
Established as the pre-Roman settlement of Ossónoba—a major urban center in the southern Iberian Peninsula—it evolved through Phoenician, Roman (as Civitas Ossobonensis), and Moorish periods (as Ukxûnuba from 713 until Christian reconquest in 1249), before gaining city status in 1540 and becoming a bishopric seat.[1][2]
Faro historically functioned as a key trading port for agricultural products and fish, rivaling nearby Silves, with its economic prosperity evident in religious monuments like the Cathedral built atop a former mosque site.[2]
Today, it hosts Faro Airport, which accommodates over 5 million tourists yearly, and the University of Algarve, renowned for programs in marine sciences, tourism management, and biotechnologies; about 30% of its territory falls within the Ria Formosa Natural Park, featuring 19 km of dunes and three main islands that support biodiversity and coastal ecosystems.[1][2]