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Hawthorn

Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a genus comprising several hundred species of deciduous shrubs and small trees in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.^[1]^[2] These plants typically feature sharp, woody thorns up to several inches long, simple lobed or serrated leaves, clusters of small white or pink hermaphroditic flowers in spring, and pome fruits resembling miniature apples—known as haws—that ripen red or orange in autumn.^[3]^[4] Hawthorns grow to heights of 15 to 30 feet with dense, rounded crowns, thriving in a variety of soils and climates, though they prefer well-drained sites and full sun.^[5]^[6] Valued for their ornamental qualities, including spring blossoms, vibrant fall foliage, and persistent fruits, hawthorns are commonly planted as hedges, barriers, or specimen trees due to their thorny nature and pruning tolerance.^[4]^[3] They support diverse wildlife by providing nectar for pollinators, cover for birds, and food via their haws, which remain on branches through winter.^[7] Traditionally, various species have been used in herbal medicine for cardiovascular support, including treatment of heart failure, angina, and hypertension, with extracts from leaves, flowers, and berries showing potential benefits in clinical studies, though efficacy and safety require further rigorous evaluation.^[8]^[9] Some non-native species, such as common hawthorn (C. monogyna), can become invasive in certain ecosystems, outcompeting local flora.^[10]

Botany

Genus Overview

Crataegus, commonly known as hawthorn, is a genus of deciduous shrubs and small trees belonging to the rose family, Rosaceae. The genus encompasses several hundred species, though exact counts vary due to extensive hybridization, apomixis, and taxonomic challenges that complicate species delimitation.^[1]^[6]^[11] These plants are primarily native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and parts of Asia, with the highest diversity in eastern North America.^[12]^[13] Hawthorns are distinguished by their thorny branches, which can reach lengths of up to 3 inches, and their dense, rounded crowns that typically attain heights of 5–15 meters. They produce clusters of small, white to pinkish five-petaled flowers in spring, followed by red or orange pome fruits called haws, which persist into winter and serve as a food source for birds and mammals. The bark is initially smooth and gray-brown, becoming scaly and darker with age, while leaves are often lobed or serrated and exhibit autumn coloration in shades of yellow, orange, or red.^[14]^[5]^[15] Ecologically, Crataegus species thrive in a range of soils from moist to dry, preferring full sun to partial shade, and contribute to hedgerows, woodland edges, and savannas by supporting pollinators and wildlife. Their adaptability has led to widespread cultivation for ornamental, barrier, and potential medicinal purposes, though the genus's complexity has historically hindered precise botanical classification.^[16]^[17]^[18]

Physical Characteristics and Habitat

Hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) are deciduous shrubs or small trees belonging to the Rosaceae family, typically ranging from 3 to 15 meters (10-50 feet) in height, with some species forming dense thickets or remaining shrubby at 1-4 meters tall. They feature straight, rigid thorns up to 7.5 centimeters long arising from stipules, contributing to their characteristic spiny habit, alongside slender branching and rounded to irregular crowns that provide moderate shade. Leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to elliptic, often 2.5-7.5 centimeters long, with margins that may be serrate, lobed, or entire depending on the species; autumn foliage turns red or purple. Flowers emerge in late spring as clusters of small, white (occasionally pink-tinged), hermaphroditic blooms with five petals, numerous stamens, and a faint unpleasant odor, pollinated primarily by insects. Fruits are pome-like haws, 0.5-2 centimeters in diameter, typically bright red at maturity in autumn, containing 1-5 hard pyrenes, and serving as a food source for wildlife.^[19]^[20]^[4] These plants thrive in temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere, favoring woodland edges, forest margins, river bottoms, and low swamps, as well as open fields, pastures, and disturbed sites like fencerows and roadsides. They adapt to a broad range of soils, including clay, loam, and sandy types, but perform best in moist, well-drained conditions with neutral to slightly acidic pH; many species tolerate periodic flooding, drought, urban pollution, and compaction. Light requirements vary from full sun to partial shade, with some taxa occurring in upland rocky outcrops or lowland valleys. Ecological roles include stabilizing soil on slopes and providing habitat structure, though invasiveness in non-native ranges can alter local biodiversity.^[21]^[10]^[5]^[22]

Cultivation, Ecology, and Distribution

Hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) are native to temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere, encompassing over 250 species distributed primarily in Europe, North America, and Asia.^[13] In North America, species such as C. douglasii range from southeastern Alaska through British Columbia to northern California and eastward into the Rocky Mountains, Saskatchewan, Idaho, and Montana, while C. phaenopyrum occurs from Virginia to Georgia and Illinois to Kansas.^[20] ^[4] In Europe, C. monogyna is widespread except in northern extremes, and in Asia, China serves as a major center of origin and cultivation for both wild and domesticated forms, with Turkey hosting significant wild diversity in mountainous shrublands.^[23] ^[24] ^[25] Ecologically, hawthorns function as shrubs or small trees in diverse habitats including woodlands, forest edges, thickets, riparian zones, savannas, grasslands, and disturbed sites such as fencerows and roadsides.^[16] ^[17] They often colonize open woods, moist to dry soils, and human-altered landscapes, providing critical ecosystem services like shelter and nesting for wildlife, nectar for pollinators, and fruit for birds, though some species like C. monogyna have become invasive in non-native areas such as California grasslands and riparian zones.^[26] ^[27] Hawthorns exhibit adaptability to part shade to full sun, tolerating drought, wet soils once established, and urban pollution, which contributes to their role in erosion control and habitat stabilization.^[28] ^[29] Cultivation of hawthorns emphasizes full sun for optimal flowering and fruiting, though partial shade is tolerated, with preferences for well-drained, moist soils across a range of types including clay, loam, and sandy conditions; they exhibit slow growth and resilience to drought, maritime exposure, and atmospheric pollutants after establishment.^[4] ^[30] Propagation typically occurs via seeds collected in early fall and sown at 1/4 inch depth after stratification for germination, or through cuttings, with plants suited for hedges, ornamental landscaping, and erosion-prone sites due to their thorny structure and root systems.^[31] ^[29] In regions like China, hawthorns adapt to soil replacement scenarios as superficial-rooted species, supporting large-scale production, while in North America, species are planted in open areas with good air circulation to mitigate disease risks.^[32] ^[33]

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Hawthorn species, particularly Crataegus monogyna and C. laevigata, have been employed in traditional medicine across Europe and Asia for centuries, primarily for cardiovascular and digestive ailments. In ancient Greek and Roman texts, such as those by Dioscorides in the 1st century AD, hawthorn was recommended for diarrhea and as a cardiotonic.^[34] European folk traditions utilized leaf, flower, and berry preparations to alleviate symptoms of nervousness, mild mental stress, and sleep disturbances associated with heart complaints, often as teas or tinctures.^[35] In traditional Chinese medicine, documented since 659 AD, hawthorn fruit (shan zha) addressed indigestion, chest pain, hyperlipidemia, and blood stasis, with decoctions promoting digestion and circulation.^[36] Indigenous North American uses included Cherokee applications of bark for improving circulation and Iroquois incorporation of berries into bread for sustenance, though these were less focused on medicinal specificity.^[37] Medicinally, hawthorn extracts, standardized to flavonoids and procyanidins, are investigated for mild heart failure (NYHA classes II-III), where randomized controlled trials demonstrate reductions in symptoms like fatigue and dyspnea, alongside improved exercise tolerance and quality of life after 8-16 weeks of use at doses of 160-1800 mg/day.^[38] A systematic review of 14 trials confirmed hawthorn's adjunctive benefit in decreasing blood pressure in mild hypertension, with significant systolic reductions after at least 12 weeks, attributed to vasodilatory and inotropic effects on cardiac muscle.^[39] Antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties, evidenced in animal models and human studies, support its role in mitigating oxidative stress and dyslipidemia, though clinical outcomes vary by extract quality (e.g., WS 1442).^[36] For digestive issues, traditional claims of aiding indigestion persist, with limited modern evidence from in vitro studies showing prokinetic effects, but human trials are sparse.^[40] Safety profiles from long-term studies indicate low toxicity, with rare mild adverse events like nausea or dizziness, but interactions with cardiac glycosides or beta-blockers necessitate caution due to potentiation risks.^[8] While preclinical data suggest antiarrhythmic potential, a retrospective analysis raised concerns over long-term efficacy in advanced heart failure prognosis, underscoring the need for individualized application over self-medication.^[34] Regulatory bodies like the European Medicines Agency approve hawthorn for supportive therapy in mild cardiac insufficiency, based on meta-analyses of over 5,500 patients, but emphasize standardized preparations over raw plant material.^[41]

Evidence, Risks, and Criticisms

Clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated modest benefits of hawthorn extract as an adjunctive therapy for chronic heart failure (CHF). A 2003 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials involving over 2,000 patients found that hawthorn extract significantly improved maximal workload, reduced symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue, and was associated with fewer adverse events compared to placebo.^[42] Similarly, a Cochrane systematic review of 14 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials confirmed enhancements in exercise tolerance and symptom relief in CHF patients, though effects were more pronounced in NYHA class II-III stages.^[43] For hypertension, a 2018 systematic review indicated that hawthorn monotherapy or adjunctive use lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals with mild cases after at least 12 weeks of treatment, with reductions of approximately 5-10 mmHg.^[39] Preclinical and some clinical data also suggest antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and antiarrhythmic properties, potentially contributing to cardiovascular protection.^[44] Hawthorn is generally well-tolerated at recommended doses, with mild adverse effects reported in less than 5% of users, primarily vertigo, dizziness, nausea, and gastrointestinal upset.^[45] However, it may potentiate the effects of cardiac glycosides like digoxin, leading to increased toxicity risk, and interact with antihypertensives or beta-blockers by enhancing hypotensive effects.^[45] Anticoagulant interactions are possible due to mild inhibition of blood clotting, raising bruising or bleeding risks when combined with drugs like warfarin.^[8] Rare but severe outcomes include hypotension, sedation at high doses, and one documented case of fatal arrhythmia from acute hawthorn root extract intoxication in 2022, highlighting overdose dangers.^[46] Contraindications include pregnancy, concurrent use with certain antiarrhythmics, and caution in children due to insufficient safety data.^[45] Criticisms of hawthorn's efficacy center on methodological limitations in the evidence base, including small sample sizes in many trials (often under 200 participants), short durations, and heterogeneity in extract standardization, which complicates reproducibility.^[45] While adjunctive benefits are supported, hawthorn does not outperform conventional therapies like ACE inhibitors in head-to-head comparisons, and its mechanisms—such as flavonoid-induced vasodilation—remain incompletely elucidated without large-scale, long-term RCTs.^[42] Variability in commercial preparations, lacking rigorous quality control compared to pharmaceuticals, raises concerns about inconsistent bioactive content (e.g., oligomeric procyanidins), potentially diminishing reliability.^[8] Proponents in herbal medicine sometimes overstate benefits without acknowledging that effects are symptomatic rather than curative, and regulatory bodies like the FDA classify it as a dietary supplement without proven disease-modifying claims.^[45] Isolated reports of unexpected interactions underscore the need for medical supervision, particularly given underreporting in post-market surveillance.^[8]

Geography

Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia

Hawthorn is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, located approximately 6 kilometres east of the central business district within the City of Boroondara local government area. Bounded by the Yarra River to the west, Burke Road to the east, Barkers Road to the north, and Gardiners Creek to the south, it spans roughly 3 square kilometres. The suburb recorded a population of 22,322 at the 2021 Australian Census, with a median age of 34 years; males comprised 48.3% and females 51.7% of residents.^[47] The area's population is forecast to reach 25,508 by the end of 2025, reflecting steady growth driven by urban infill and proximity to employment centres.^[48] The suburb's European settlement began in the 1830s when squatters, including John Gardiner, John Hepburn, and Joseph Hawdon, drove cattle through the area in 1836. The township was surveyed between 1837 and 1843, with large farm allotments auctioned for development; a bridge across the Yarra River opened in 1851, boosting accessibility. By 1865, Hawthorn's population had grown to around 3,000, supported by market gardens, villas, and early infrastructure like a town hall. It was proclaimed a municipality in 1860 and elevated to city status in 1890, before amalgamation into Boroondara in 1994.^[49]^[50]^[51] Demographically, Hawthorn features a diverse but predominantly Anglo-Celtic profile, with the most common ancestries reported as English (34.3%), Australian (26.7%), and Irish (14.4%) in 2021. Median weekly personal income stood at $1,207 and household income at $2,145, indicating relative affluence compared to broader Melbourne averages; 59.1% of dwellings are flats or apartments, with an average household size of 2.1 people.^[47] Education levels are high, with the suburb hosting Swinburne University's primary Hawthorn campus, which supports research in technology, design, and business, alongside private and public schools such as Glenferrie Primary School.^[52]^[53] Transport infrastructure includes Hawthorn and Glenferrie railway stations on the Lilydale, Belgrave, and Alamein lines, providing frequent services to Melbourne's CBD; tram routes 16, 48, 70, 72, 75, and 109 also traverse the area. In 2021, 28.9% of employed residents commuted by private car, 8.4% by public transport, and 6.0% by bicycle or foot, reflecting a mix of urban mobility options.^[53] The local economy centres on professional services, retail, and education, bolstered by Glenferrie Road's commercial strip, which features shops, cafes, and dining precincts. Notable landmarks include the Melbourne Tram Museum, preserving historic vehicles from the early 20th century, and heritage sites like the Immaculate Conception Catholic Church, a Gothic Revival structure completed in 1892.^[54] Central Gardens, locally known as Rocket Park, offers recreational green space amid the suburb's blend of Victorian-era homes and modern apartments.^[55]

Other Notable Locations

Hawthorn, South Australia, is a residential suburb approximately 5 kilometers southeast of Adelaide's central business district, within the City of Mitcham local government area. Bounded to the north by Cross Road, to the south by Grange Road, to the west by Unley Road, and to the east by the Parklands, it features tree-lined streets and a peaceful suburban character. As of 2021, the suburb had a population of around 2,000 residents, with a median age of 41 and predominantly separate houses occupied by couple families. Median house sale prices stood at $1,615,000 over the preceding 12 months, reflecting its appeal as an inner-city residential enclave.^[56]^[57]^[58] Hawthorn, County Durham, England, is a small rural village located between the towns of Seaham and Easington along the Durham Heritage Coast. Originating in the medieval period, its economy centered on agriculture rather than the coal mining that dominated neighboring coastal settlements, resulting in a distinct village character with preserved farmland and limited industrial development. The settlement remains sparsely populated, with historical ties to farming communities and proximity to coastal dunes, though it lacks significant modern infrastructure beyond basic amenities.^[59]

Sports

Hawthorn Football Club

The Hawthorn Football Club, nicknamed the Hawks, is a professional Australian rules football club competing in the Australian Football League (AFL). Based in Melbourne's eastern suburbs, the club fields teams in brown and gold guernseys and plays the majority of its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), which has a capacity of over 100,000.^[60] ^[61] Founded in 1902 as a junior club in the suburb of Hawthorn, it entered senior competition in the Victorian Football Association before joining the Victorian Football League (VFL)—the AFL's predecessor—in 1925, making the 2025 season its centenary in the elite competition.^[62] ^[63] Hawthorn's early VFL years were marked by limited success, with no finals appearances until 1957, but the club transformed under coach John Kennedy Sr. from 1957 to 1960 and 1966–1976, securing three premierships in 1961 (defeating Footscray by 43 points), 1971 (defeating St Kilda by 7 points), and 1976 (defeating North Melbourne by 30 points).^[64] Subsequent eras of dominance followed under coaches David Parkin (1978 premiership), Allan Jeans (1983, 1986, and 1989), and Alan Joyce (1988 and 1991), yielding large-margin victories such as the 83-point thrashing of Essendon in 1983 and the 96-point demolition of Melbourne in 1988.^[64] The club's total of 13 premierships includes the 2008 flag under Alastair Clarkson (defeating Geelong by 26 points) and a rare three-peat from 2013 to 2015 (defeating Fremantle, Sydney, and West Coast Eagles with margins of 15, 63, and 46 points, respectively).^[64] Notable contributors include long-serving captain Michael Tuck, who led four premiership teams and holds the VFL/AFL record for most senior games (426), and forwards like Leigh Matthews, a key figure in the 1970s–1980s successes.^[64] Clarkson coached Hawthorn to four flags from 2005 to 2021 before moving to North Melbourne, with Sam Mitchell— a 2008 premiership player—taking over as senior coach from 2022.^[65] Hawthorn's sustained excellence is evidenced by premierships in every decade from the 1960s to the 2010s, alongside a strong membership base exceeding 80,000.^[66]

People

Mike Hawthorn

John Michael Hawthorn (10 April 1929 – 22 January 1959) was a British racing driver who became the first Briton to win the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1958.^[67]^[68] Born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, to Leslie and Winifred Hawthorn, his family relocated to Farnham, Surrey, in 1931 after his father acquired a garage near the Brooklands circuit, fostering an early interest in motorsport.^[69]^[67] Hawthorn attended Ardingly College and later Chelsea Technical College, winning his initial motorcycle race at age 18 before transitioning to automobiles.^[70] Hawthorn's competitive debut came in 1952 at the Goodwood Eastern Trophy, where he secured third place in a Riley, earning an invitation to join Ferrari for the Formula Two European Championship.^[68] In Formula One, he achieved his maiden Grand Prix victory at the 1953 French Grand Prix in Reims, starting from pole and leading throughout in a Ferrari 500, a result that marked him as a rising talent despite the era's dangers, including the fatal accidents of contemporaries like Luigi Musso.^[67] Over his career from 1952 to 1958, he competed in 45 World Championship Grands Prix, securing three wins (French 1953, Belgian and French 1958), four podiums, six pole positions, and six fastest laps, primarily with Ferrari after stints at BRM and Vandervell.^[71] The 1958 season defined Hawthorn's legacy, clinching the title by one point over Stirling Moss in a controversial finale at the Moroccan Grand Prix, where a penalty appeal against Moss's teammate influenced the outcome; driving the Ferrari Dino 246F1, he won two races and demonstrated tactical acumen amid intense rivalry.^[72] Known for his bow tie, blond hair, and exuberant style, Hawthorn announced retirement post-championship at age 29, citing personal reasons including family business pressures after his father's suicide in 1957.^[67]^[73] On 22 January 1959, Hawthorn died at age 29 in a road accident on the A3 Guildford bypass near Farnham, when his modified Jaguar 3.4-litre saloon veered off the road after losing control on a right-hand bend, somersaulting and catching fire; he was pronounced dead at the scene from injuries including a fractured skull.^[74]^[75] The incident occurred three months after his title win, amid reports of high speed, though exact causes remain debated, with no alcohol involvement confirmed.^[76] Hawthorn's career highlighted the sport's perils, having survived Le Mans disasters like the 1955 catastrophe, and his championship paved the way for British dominance in Formula One.^[74]

Other Uses

In Culture and Media

In Celtic folklore, the hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) is revered as the "fairy tree" or gateway to the Otherworld, with solitary specimens often marked by rags and ribbons as offerings to avoid fairy wrath. Traditions held that disturbing such trees invited illness, death, or crop failure, as exemplified in tales like the 19th-century Scottish account of a fairy ride beneath a hawthorn, where witnesses suffered misfortune thereafter. Sprigs were hung over doors for protection against witches and evil spirits, while its association with Beltane rituals underscored themes of fertility, love, and the threshold between worlds.^[77] Symbolism extends to Christian legend via the Glastonbury Thorn, purportedly grown from Joseph of Arimathea's staff around 31 AD; this hybrid hawthorn uniquely blooms at Christmas and Easter, though Puritan iconoclasm felled examples during Elizabeth I's reign and under Cromwell in the 1650s. In ancient Greek customs, hawthorn torches illuminated bridal processions, linking it to marriage and optimism. Conversely, superstitions warned against indoor blossoms, fearing they summoned plague or death due to their fishy odor evoking decay.^[77]^[78] Literature features hawthorn prominently, as in William Shakespeare's five plays including As You Like It (where Orlando adorns hawthorns with love sonnets) and A Midsummer Night's Dream (evoking fairy buds), portraying it amid rural romance and hardship. Victorian artists like Jane Elizabeth Giraud in The Flowers of Shakespeare (1845) and Walter Crane in Flowers from Shakespeare's Garden (1909) illustrated these scenes, blending botanical detail with mythic allure.^[78]

References

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Crataegus, commonly called hawthorn, is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
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Common hawthorn is a thorny, deciduous tree/shrub with 3-7 lobed leaves, white/pink flowers, and red berries. It has deep roots and sharp thorns.<|separator|>
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Genus: Crataegus ; Family: Rosaceae (Rose) ; Life cycle: perennial woody ; Origin: native ; Habitat: part shade, sun; moist to dry; pastures, fencerows, savanna, ...
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Deciduous tree, 15-30 ft (4.5-9 m), rounded, dense, delicate slender branches, thorny (thorns thin, 2.5-7.5 cm long). Leaves simple, 2.5-7.5 cm long, ...
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GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Black hawthorn is a large shrub or small tree ranging from 3.5 to 13.0 feet (1-4 m) tall and possessing straight, strong ...
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Mar 6, 2023 · Its natural habitat includes lowland areas, valleys, and swamps, with medium-wet soil and full to partial shade. The cultivated variety, ...
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Habitat. Found on rocky and bedrock outcrop shorelines in northern Michigan (conglomerate or basalt substrates). Also known from thin-soiled bedrock glades ...<|separator|>
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It has escaped cultivation, growing in moist soil in riparian areas, woodlands and grasslands. At about 10 years of age, the trees begin to produce bright red ...
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Habitat: terrestrial ; New England state. Massachusetts; Vermont ; Specific habitat. edges of forests; human-disturbed or -maintained habitats; meadows or fields ...
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Crataegus pennsylvanica (Pennsylvania Hawthorn) is a woody plant in the rose family. Pennsylvania Hawthorn typically grows as a tree 5–10 meters in height ...<|separator|>
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Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is a small European tree with early sprays of fragrant flowers followed by red berries, significant for wildlife.
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Apr 28, 2009 · Black Hawthorn is propagated by seed, collected when fruit ripens in early fall. Plant in rows 8-12 inches apart, 1/4 inch deep. Germination ...
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As a superficial-rooted tree species with a well-developed root system but underdeveloped taproot, hawthorn can adapt well to the soil replacement situations in ...
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The tree casts heavy shade, and turf can not be grown underneath, if lower branches are left on the trunk. Persistent lower branches add to the ornamental.
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2021 Hawthorn (Vic.), Census All persons QuickStats
2021 Census All persons QuickStats. Geography type Suburbs and Localities. Area code SAL21152. (a) This label has been updated to more accurately reflect the ...
[48]
Hawthorn - Population Forecasts
Hawthorn's population is forecast to be 25,508 in 2025 and 32,099 by 2046. It's bounded by Barker Road, a line east of Auburn Road, Monash Freeway, and the ...Missing: Melbourne 2023
[49]
Timeline - Hawthorn Historical Society
Key dates in the history of Hawthorn: 1836 John Gardiner, John Hepburn and Joseph Hawdon drive cattle through the area.
[50]
Municipality of Hawthorn, Victoria
By 1865 Hawthorn's population was about 3,000 people. In the next two decades Upper Hawthorn, now Glenferrie, attracted houses and shopping. The railway was ...Missing: facts history demographics<|separator|>
[51]
Hawthorn - Victorian Places
Urban origins. By 1865 Hawthorn's population was about 3000 persons. Its first town hall had been built and its landscape was populated with market gardens, ...
[52]
Hawthorn Campus Map & University Address | Swinburne
Find directions and the campus map for our Hawthorn campus, a state-of-the-art facility in Melbourne's inner eastern suburbs with easy access to the CBD.
[53]
Method of travel to work | City of Boroondara | Community profile
On Census day 2021 in Hawthorn, 28.9% of people travelled to work in a private car, 8.4% took public transport and 6.0% rode a bike or walked.
[54]
THE 5 BEST Hawthorn Sights & Historical Landmarks to Visit (2025)
Hawthorn Landmarks · 1. Immaculate Conception Catholic Church · 2. St Anthony's Shrine Catholic Church · 3. Hawthorn Railway Station · 4. The Auburn Tower · 5.Missing: notable features
[55]
Hawthorn, Destinations, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Hawthorn has foodie spots, shops, museums, pubs, bars, cafes, and shops for artisan goods, books, and perfume.
[56]
2021 Hawthorn (SA), Census All persons QuickStats
2021 Hawthorn (SA), Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics.
[57]
Hawthorn, SA 5062: Suburb Profile & Property Report | YIP
The Median Sale Price in Hawthorn is $ 1,615,000 for houses and $ 520,000 for units. The Median Growth in Hawthorn over the past 12 months is -8.89 ...
[58]
Down my street: spotlight on Hawthorn - realestate.com.au
Jan 24, 2018 · Hawthorn is a leafy, inner suburb about 5km southeast of Adelaide's CBD, near Unley Park, Westbourne Park, Kingswood, Lower Mitcham, Kings Park, ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[59]
[PDF] Hawthorn | Durham Heritage Coast
Hawthorn Village developed in the Medieval period with farming providing the main economy. The village is therefore notably different in character to the other ...
[60]
Getting to the MCG - Hawthorn Football Club
Mar 3, 2025 · You can reach the MCG by train (Jolimont or Richmond stations) or by tram (No. 70, 75, or 48 routes). The No. 70 tram is closest.
[61]
Hawthorn - AFL - News, Fixtures, Scores & Results - AFL.com.au
Australian Football League. All the latest AFL news, video, results and information.
[62]
Hawthorn Football Club
The official AFL website of the Hawthorn Football Club.Latest NewsFixture & TicketsVideosMembershipOur History
[63]
The History Of The Hawthorn (Hawks) Football Club - Footy Talk
Jun 20, 2024 · The 1902-founded club is the youngest team in the Victorian AFL. It has won 13 VFL/AFL championships. The club is the only one to have won a premiership in ...
[64]
Hawthorn's premiership
Hawthorn has a proud history, having won 13 VFL/AFL premierships since joining the VFL in 1925. The Hawks have tasted success in 1961, 1971, 1976, 1978, 1983, ...
[65]
North Melbourne senior coach Alastair Clarkson
One of the most successful coaches in AFL history, Alastair Clarkson led the Hawthorn Football Club to four premierships in 2008 and 2013-15.
[66]
Hawthorn Hawks - AFL International
The club, founded in 1902, is the youngest of the Victorian-based teams in the AFL and has won 13 VFL/AFL premierships. It is the only club to have won ...Missing: history achievements
[67]
Mike Hawthorn | Formula 1®
Mike Hawthorn loved life, drove fast and died young. Big, blond and boisterous, he often raced wearing a broad grin and a bow tie.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[68]
Mike Hawthorn - Scuderia Ferrari Hero
Mike became a racing driver almost by accident · Born in 1929 he inherited his father's passion, enthusiasm and determination · His debut in the year 1952 at the ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[69]
Mike Hawthorn Biography
John Michael Hawthorn was born on April 10th 1929 at Mexborough, Yorkshire and lived in Alexandra Road. He grew up in an atmosphere of enthusiasm for cars and ...
[70]
John Michael Hawthorn | Formula One, Grand Prix & Racing
John Michael Hawthorn was an automobile racer who became the first British world-champion driver (1958). Hawthorn won his first motorcycle race at 18, ...
[71]
Mike Hawthorn Statistics and Results | Motorsport Stats
Mike Hawthorn Statistics and Results ; 45. Starts ; 6. Fastest Laps ; 1. Best Finish ; 1. Best Grid.Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[72]
Mike Hawthorn Formula 1 driver biography - RaceFans
Mike Hawthorn was the first British driver to win the world championship, claiming the title for Ferrari in 1958, narrowly beating Stirling Moss.<|separator|>
[73]
https://www.theoutlierman.com/en-us/blogs/blog/mike-hawthorn-the-unforgettable-champion-in-the-bow-tie
[74]
The stunning life and legacy of Mike Hawthorn | 24h-lemans.com
Mar 1, 2024 · Here is a look back at the extraordinary career of one of the most unique and talented racing drivers in the history of motorsport.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[75]
Reflections On Another Age: Mike Hawthorn Remembered
John Michael (Mike) Hawthorn, Britain's first World Champion Driver, was killed after losing control of his Jaguar whilst driving along the A3 Guildford by- ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography<|separator|>
[76]
On this week #4 - Hawthorn, a world champion haunted by ... - Pirelli
Jan 24, 2024 · On January 22 nd , 1959, the reigning Formula 1 World Champion Mike Hawthorn died in a road accident at the wheel of his Jaguar MkII in Surrey, England.
[77]
Hawthorn Tree | Tree Lore | Druidy - OBOD
Hawthorns often stand over holy wells, also traditional thresholds of the Otherworld, where pilgrims festoon them with ribbons, rags and other votive offerings.Missing: media | Show results with:media
[78]
Shakespeare's Favourite Plants: The Hawthorn
Aug 5, 2021 · Librarian Mareike Doleschal investigates how Shakespeare and Victorian artists represented an iconic plant, the hawthorn, in their works.