ISO 13567

ISO 13567 is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that specifies the organization and naming of layers in computer-aided design (CAD) systems for technical product documentation.^[1] Layers in this context serve to control visibility, manage data, and facilitate communication among parties involved in preparing and using technical drawings on computer systems.^[1] The standard applies broadly to CAD system developers, users, and third-party component libraries, establishing a common basis for structuring CAD data to enhance interoperability and consistency across projects.^[1] The ISO 13567 series originally comprised three parts, but only Parts 1 and 2 remain active. Part 1 provides an overview and general principles for layer structuring within CAD files, emphasizing the foundational rules for layer organization applicable to various technical fields.^[1] Part 2 focuses on the allocation and naming of layers specifically for construction projects, including building and civil engineering applications, to support effective communication and project management in these domains.^[2] Part 3, issued as a technical report in 1999, guided the practical application of Parts 1 and 2 but has since been withdrawn.^[3] Originally published in the late 1990s, the standard has been updated to reflect advancements in CAD technology, with the second editions of Parts 1 and 2 released in 2017 and confirmed current as of 2023.^[1]^[2] By promoting standardized layer naming—typically using alphanumeric codes that denote discipline, function, and phase—ISO 13567 reduces errors in data exchange, improves model integration, and supports collaborative workflows in industries reliant on precise technical documentation.^[4] Its adoption is particularly notable in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sectors, where layered CAD models enable efficient handling of complex project data.^[5]

Introduction

Definition and Scope

ISO 13567 is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation, Subcommittee SC 8, Construction documentation, which focuses on the organization and naming of layers for computer-aided design (CAD) systems within technical product documentation.^[6] The standard provides a structured approach to layering in CAD files, enabling the systematic arrangement of graphical and non-graphical data to facilitate efficient data management and exchange in technical drawings.^[1] The scope of ISO 13567 encompasses the principles and methods for layer structuring in CAD environments, primarily aimed at controlling the visibility of elements, managing data complexity, and enhancing communication of technical information across disciplines.^[6] It applies broadly to various CAD applications but holds particular relevance to technical drawings in building and civil engineering sectors, where layered organization supports project coordination and documentation integrity.^[2] Specifically, Part 1 offers general guidelines applicable to any CAD system, while Part 2 addresses construction-specific requirements for layer allocation in project-related drawings.^[7] ISO 13567 is classified under the International Classification for Standards (ICS) codes 01.110 for technical drawings and 35.240.10 for the application of information technology in construction, reflecting its dual emphasis on documentation practices and IT integration.^[8] As of the latest editions, the standard comprises two active parts, both published in 2017: ISO 13567-1:2017 (Overview and principles) and ISO 13567-2:2017 (Concepts, format, and codes used in construction documentation).^[1]^[2] A third part, ISO/TR 13567-3:1999, which served as an application guide, was withdrawn in 2015.^[3]

Purpose and Benefits

The primary purpose of ISO 13567 is to establish general principles for organizing and naming layers within CAD files, providing a common international framework for structuring technical product documentation data to ensure consistency across systems and users.^[1] This standard addresses the need for uniform layer management in computer-aided design workflows, particularly in fields like construction and engineering, where disparate proprietary practices had previously hindered efficient data handling.^[5] By defining structured layers, ISO 13567 enables precise control over visibility in drawings, allowing users to selectively display or hide elements based on specific project requirements, which simplifies navigation and analysis of complex CAD models.^[9] It facilitates seamless data exchange between different CAD software, organizations, and even countries, minimizing translation errors and supporting interoperability in global collaborations.^[10] Additionally, the standard promotes the development and integration of third-party component libraries, as it allows for standardized structuring of reusable data elements.^[1] The benefits extend to enhanced collaboration in multidisciplinary projects, such as building design and maintenance, by reducing inconsistencies in layer conventions and enabling end-users to extract relevant information tailored to their roles—whether architects, engineers, or contractors.^[5] Overall, ISO 13567 streamlines technical documentation processes, lowers the risk of miscommunication, and supports backward compatibility with existing data while accommodating future advancements in product modeling.^[10]

History and Development

Origins

The development of ISO 13567 was initiated in the early 1990s by the International Organization for Standardization's Technical Committee 10 (ISO/TC 10) on Technical product documentation, specifically through its Subcommittee 8 (ISO/TC 10/SC 8) focused on Construction documentation.^[5] This effort aimed to establish a unified international standard for organizing layers in computer-aided design (CAD) systems, driven by the rapid adoption of CAD technologies in the building and civil engineering sectors during that period.^[5] Prior to this, layering techniques had emerged in the early 1980s to structure CAD data, but national standards—such as those from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1990 and British Standards Institution (BSI) in 1990—remained fragmented and inconsistent across software applications.^[5] Key motivations for the standard stemmed from interoperability challenges in CAD workflows, where disparate layering practices hindered efficient data exchange and integration in multidisciplinary construction projects.^[11] In response, ISO/TC 10/SC 8 formed Working Group 13 (WG 13) around 1992 to address these issues and promote model-oriented CAD strategies that supported both 2D and emerging 3D building models.^[11] The working group emphasized the need for standardized data organization to facilitate communication and management in engineering documentation, initially targeting applications in building design and civil infrastructure.^[5] The development process began with WG 13's inaugural meeting in Stockholm in October 1993, where principles for layer structuring were outlined.^[5] Subsequent drafts, including a Committee Draft (CD) approved in September 1995, were tested using real project data to validate practical applicability.^[11] By September 1996, the Draft International Standard (DIS) for ISO 13567 was formally approved, marking a significant step toward international harmonization of CAD layering practices.^[5]

Revisions and Updates

The initial editions of ISO 13567 were published in the late 1990s. ISO 13567-1, establishing general principles for layer organization in CAD, was first issued in February 1998.^[12] ISO 13567-2, specifying concepts, formats, and codes for layers in construction documentation, followed in March 1998.^[13] Complementing these, ISO/TR 13567-3 provided guidelines for applying Parts 1 and 2 and was published in October 1999 before being withdrawn on September 4, 2015.^[14]^[3] In September 2017, second editions of Parts 1 and 2 were released, constituting minor revisions of the 1998 versions primarily to update the bibliography while preserving core principles for layer structuring in CAD systems.^[1]^[2] The revised ISO 13567-1:2017 extends applicability to all users of technical product documentation, emphasizing layer management for visibility control, data organization, and interoperability across CAD tools, including support for third-party libraries.^[6] For ISO 13567-2:2017, updates refined construction-specific layer codes and formats to enhance communication and project management in CAD environments.^[7] The withdrawal of ISO/TR 13567-3 in 2015 reflected its obsolescence amid evolving practices, with relevant application guidance increasingly addressed in related standards such as those for building information modeling (BIM).^[14] Both 2017 editions underwent systematic review by ISO/TC 10 and were confirmed as current in 2023, ensuring ongoing relevance without further amendments.^[1]^[2]

Parts of the Standard

Part 1: Overview and Principles

ISO 13567-1:2017, titled Technical product documentation — Organization and naming of layers for CAD — Part 1: Overview and principles, establishes general principles for structuring layers in computer-aided design (CAD) files to facilitate effective data management and communication across technical documentation processes.^[1] This second edition, published in 2017, provides a foundational framework applicable to all parties involved in preparing and using technical documentation on computer systems, including developers of CAD software and users handling third-party component libraries.^[1] The standard emphasizes user-oriented approaches, separating logical data organization from specific coding schemes to prioritize practical needs over technical constraints.^[15] Layers in CAD systems serve primary purposes such as controlling visibility of elements on screens and plots, organizing data hierarchically for clarity, and enabling efficient communication of technical information.^[1] The principles outlined promote a faceted classification system where layer names incorporate classifiers to represent this hierarchy, ensuring flexibility in data structuring without rigid predefined categories.^[15] Standardized naming is mandatory to enhance interoperability, allowing seamless data exchange between different CAD systems, organizations, and countries, while extending beyond naming to include guidance on associated attributes like color and line type for comprehensive layer management.^[1] The standard's applicability spans all technical fields, not limited to any single industry, thereby supporting broad adoption in product documentation workflows.^[15] Relative to its predecessor (ISO 13567-1:1998), the 2017 revision introduces minor updates, including an expanded scope to explicitly encompass modern computer systems and third-party libraries, along with clarifications on principles for data communication, while canceling and replacing the first edition.^[1] This edition also updates the bibliography to reflect contemporary references, ensuring relevance in evolving digital environments.^[15]