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Interstate 2

Interstate 2 (I-2) is an east–west Interstate Highway located in the of , consisting of a 46.8-mile segment of that extends from the junction of Showers Road in Palmview to in Harlingen, passing through and Cameron counties. This designation was established by the (TxDOT) via Minute Order 113584, effective May 30, 2013, and received approval from the through DesLtr 2-2013 on August 8, 2013. The route serves as a critical transportation corridor connecting key urban centers in the region, including McAllen, Edinburg, Pharr, Weslaco, and Harlingen, facilitating , , and daily in one of Texas's most populous and economically vibrant areas. While the underlying US 83 roadway has long been in place, the I-2 designation supports ongoing infrastructure enhancements, such as the construction of the interchange with between 2nd Street in McAllen and FM 2557 in (underway as of 2025, with completion expected in 2025–2026), aimed at improving and safety. These developments are part of broader TxDOT efforts to upgrade the corridor as part of the National Highway System.

Overview

Route Summary

Interstate 2 (I-2) is a partially completed east–west Interstate Highway spanning 46.80 miles (75.32 km) through and Cameron counties in South Texas's . The route follows a largely straight path parallel to the , mirroring 2 on the opposite bank of the river. The highway's western terminus is at the junction with Showers Road in Palmview. It extends eastward to its eastern terminus at the junction with Interstate 69E (I-69E), US 77, and US 83 in Harlingen. I-2 runs concurrent with US 83 for its entire length and passes near landmarks including . As part of the I-69 system, it contributes to regional connectivity within the larger transcontinental corridor.

Significance and Context

Interstate 2 functions as a vital east-west corridor in the of , providing essential connectivity for the movement of goods and passengers while supporting regional access to international border crossings and ports along the Texas-Mexico border. As part of the US 83 corridor, it serves as the "" for in North America's busiest trade gateway, facilitating the transport of freight and enhancing linkages in an area with over 1.3 million residents. The highway significantly contributes to economic growth in by bolstering sectors such as , , and . In the Rio Grande Valley, agricultural production relies on efficient transportation for crops and irrigation-dependent farming, which generates substantial regional output despite water challenges. Manufacturing benefits from proximity to maquiladoras and cross-border supply chains, while tourism draws visitors to natural and cultural sites, with the corridor aiding access to these assets. Overall, cross-border trade facilitated by such infrastructure added $73.5 billion to Texas's GDP in 2019 and supported 382,000 jobs statewide, with Texas-Mexico border activities having a total economic impact of $325 billion annually as of 2019. As an element of the broader Texas-Mexico border transportation network, Interstate 2 ties into cross-border commerce historically driven by and now governed by the USMCA, handling a share of the $451 billion in U.S.- goods recorded in 2019, including high-value sectors like and motor . Current volumes reflect this intensity, with over 32 million private and 4.5 million trucks crossing northbound into the region annually, leading to average annual daily (AADT) that varies by segment but contributes to widespread on I-2 stretches. Despite its importance, Interstate 2 faces challenges as a non-continuous Interstate, with its partial completion and lack of direct links to the broader national network limiting seamless integration until planned extensions materialize, resulting in discontinuities in lanes, speeds, and design that create bottlenecks. Environmentally and in , the route passes through densely populated, flood-prone agricultural valleys, exacerbating air quality issues, community disruptions, and evacuation demands during hurricanes for 1.3 million residents, while requiring binational strategies to mitigate impacts on ecosystems and .

Route Description

Western Segment (Peñitas to Pharr)

The western segment of Interstate 2 begins at the interchange with Showers Road in Palmview, Hidalgo County, marking the current western terminus of the route. From this starting point, the freeway heads eastward as a four-lane divided highway through predominantly rural and suburban landscapes in the , characterized by flat floodplain terrain with minimal elevation changes, typically less than 100 feet above sea level. This initial stretch traverses agricultural lands, including extensive citrus groves that are a hallmark of the region's , supported by from the nearby . The highway crosses minor tributaries and drainage features, such as those near La Joya Lake, facilitating drainage in the low-lying alluvial soils. Near the beginning of the route, the highway provides access to Farm to Market Road 886 (El Faro Road), serving local rural traffic. The highway continues through open areas west of McAllen, passing near additional citrus orchards and vegetation adapted to periodic flooding from tributaries. As I-2 approaches , the landscape transitions from rural to suburban, with increasing development and connections to local arterials such as Farm to Market Road 494 (Shary Road), which intersects the freeway and supports regional commuting and agricultural transport. The route curves slightly southeast to bypass the core of , maintaining its controlled-access design amid scattered residential and commercial growth. By the time it reaches Pharr, the segment has covered approximately 15 miles, blending into denser urban integration while contributing about one-third of the overall completed I-2 length in . Throughout, the roadway remains elevated minimally over the flat terrain to manage seasonal flood risks in this agriculturally vital .

Central Segment (Pharr to Weslaco)

The central segment of Interstate 2 spans approximately 14 miles from Pharr to Weslaco, traversing the densely urbanized core of the as a four-lane freeway with high daily volumes exceeding 50,000 vehicles in peak areas. This portion begins at the junction with I-69C and US 281 north of Pharr's city center, then proceeds eastward, curving slightly north to pass south of McAllen and Edinburg while directly serving Pharr and . The route facilitates efficient navigation through these interconnected cities, connecting residential neighborhoods, business parks, and agricultural outskirts without entering downtown cores, thereby reducing congestion in the region's primary east-west corridor. Running parallel to the southern edge of McAllen, this segment provides close proximity to , located just 2 miles south of the freeway near its western end. The airport, serving regional and international flights, benefits from the corridor's connectivity, supporting economic ties to and beyond. Major commercial districts thrive along this stretch, anchored by large retail centers that draw shoppers from across County. In McAllen, La Plaza Mall—a 1.3 million square-foot complex with over 100 stores including department anchors like and —sits adjacent to I-2, serving as a key hub for fashion, dining, and entertainment. Further west in Pharr, the Pharr Town Center features big-box retailers and outlets, while Las Tiendas Shopping Center along the corridor offers a mix of national chains like and local businesses, capitalizing on the freeway's visibility to a trade area of over 500,000 residents. These developments underscore the segment's role as a commercial backbone, with properties strategically positioned for logistics and retail due to direct access to cross-border trade routes. Engineering enhancements in this urban section emphasize capacity and safety, including multi-lane expansions to six lanes in interchanges and the addition of overpasses to separate local traffic from through movements. The completed I-2/I-69C Interchange project, valued at $303 million, reconstructed 8 miles from McAllen to San Juan with two-lane direct connectors in all directions and widened general-purpose lanes to handle freight and commuter flows. Overpasses, such as those at Bicentennial Boulevard in Pharr, incorporate pedestrian accommodations and bike lanes, improving multimodal access while elevating the roadway above intersecting arterials like FM 2061. These features address the area's rapid growth, projected to increase traffic by 20% by 2030. The corridor intersects flood-prone lowlands in Hidalgo County, where flat terrain and proximity to the exacerbate risks from tropical storms, as seen in events like Hurricane Dolly in 2008 and subsequent heavy rains in the . Post-2010 improvements include enhanced drainage systems by Hidalgo County Drainage District No. 1, funded by $32.7 million from the Texas Water Development Board in 2021, featuring upgraded channels and pumps along I-2 to divert stormwater away from the roadway. Complementary efforts under the International Boundary and Water Commission's Lower Rio Grande Flood Control Project have reinforced levees and added detention basins near the segment, reducing flood recurrence intervals from 100-year events to more manageable levels. These measures ensure resilience, with the freeway elevated in vulnerable spots to maintain operations during heavy precipitation.

Eastern Segment (Weslaco to Harlingen)

The eastern segment of Interstate 2 spans approximately 20 miles from Weslaco eastward to Harlingen, traversing the fertile as a controlled-access freeway that parallels and bypasses the older surface alignment of U.S. Highway 83. This portion begins at the eastern edge of Weslaco, where the highway departs from denser commercial zones and enters more open terrain characterized by expansive agricultural fields, including citrus groves and vegetable farms that define the region's economy. Passing through the small city of La Feria, the route features partial cloverleaf interchanges and service roads that accommodate local access while maintaining high-speed travel for through traffic, effectively relieving on the parallel Business U.S. 83. As the freeway progresses, the landscape opens further, with flat, irrigated farmlands giving way to subtle elevation changes and increasing proximity to the Gulf Coast, roughly 25 miles to the southeast. Notable features include bridges over drainage channels that manage seasonal flooding in this subtropical area, supporting the highway's role in regional connectivity. Nearing Harlingen, Interstate 2 approaches the outskirts amid continued agricultural dominance, crossing near the Arroyo Colorado—a significant waterway that drains into the Laguna Madre—and shifting traffic patterns from urban commuters to regional freight haulers bound for coastal ports. The segment culminates at a directional T-interchange with Interstate 69E and U.S. Highway 77 (Exit 176), marking the current eastern terminus and facilitating seamless integration with north-south corridors. This stretch handles substantial truck traffic, with average daily volumes exceeding 20,000 vehicles, underscoring its importance for logistics.

History

Planning and Designation

The planning for what would become Interstate 2 (I-2) originated in the as part of broader efforts to integrate southern into the national transportation network. The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 designated key corridors, including Corridor 18 (later aligned with I-69), extending from to the along routes such as US 83, to enhance interstate commerce and mobility. This inclusion positioned the east-west alignment in the Rio Grande Valley as a critical component of the National Highway System, eligible for federal funding to support regional trade growth. In the early 2000s, TxDOT and entities conducted studies highlighting the need for an upgraded east-west link in the Valley to accommodate increasing cross-border trade volumes spurred by . These assessments identified congestion on existing US 83 as a bottleneck for freight and passenger movement, recommending improvements to create a continuous, high-capacity corridor connecting key Valley cities. The push for enhancements gained momentum through the I-69 corridor expansion, which aimed to connect to the Midwest via . The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act (SAFETEA-LU) of 2005 provided legislative backing and funding allocations from federal Interstate funds for high-priority corridors, including I-69 segments in . This act authorized over $100 million annually for I-69 development nationwide, with Texas portions receiving earmarks to advance planning and right-of-way acquisition along US 83 in , facilitating its future Interstate status. These funds supported environmental reviews and preliminary engineering, tying the east-west route directly to the broader I-69 network. By 2013, these efforts culminated in the official designation of I-2. On May 30, 2013, the Transportation Commission approved a minute order designating a 46.8-mile segment of US 83 from Showers Road in Palmview to US 77 in Harlingen as I-2, following approval from the American Association of and Transportation Officials in May 2013 and from the on August 8, 2013. This action formalized the route's integration into the , leveraging federal funding mechanisms established in prior legislation to address Valley-specific mobility needs.

Construction Milestones

Following its designation in 2013, construction milestones for Interstate 2 focused on upgrading the existing US 83 alignment from Palmview to Harlingen to Interstate standards, including paving, widening, enhancements, and signage. The (TxDOT) began initial paving and widening projects in 2013–2014 along US 83 in Hidalgo County, with contracts let in September 2013 for overlaying eastbound and westbound frontage roads over 3.611 miles at a cost of $1,028,569 and over 4.456 miles at $1,786,947. These efforts targeted improved pavement quality and lane capacity in the western and central segments. Phased upgrades to Interstate standards progressed in 2014, incorporating full access control features such as median barriers and interchange improvements, alongside reconstruction and widening to four lanes in key Hidalgo County segments. Contracts let in May 2014 included 0.940 miles of reconstruction and widening for $1,275,977 and 0.540 miles for $1,797,291, addressing bottlenecks near urban areas like Peñitas and Pharr. Signage installation for the I-2 route, including shield markers and route confirmation signs, was completed by mid-2013, with debut on July 15, 2013, to guide motorists along the 46-mile corridor. By 2018, major segments in the McAllen-Pharr area reached completion, featuring enhanced frontage roads, bridge upgrades, and full signage rollout to ensure consistent Interstate identification from Peñitas to Weslaco. A significant overlay project on US 83, let in June 2018 for $8,475,488, resurfaced main lanes and supported the final push to operational standards in this densely traveled central corridor. These completions improved safety and mobility, with total costs for the built portions exceeding $500 million by 2020 when accounting for cumulative paving, widening, and investments across and Cameron counties. Throughout the process, challenges arose from land acquisition in urban zones around McAllen and Pharr, where right-of-way needs conflicted with developed properties, and coordination with local governments and the Hidalgo County Metropolitan Planning Organization was essential to align projects with regional mobility goals. These efforts involved consultations to minimize disruptions while achieving full and geometric standards required for Interstate designation.

Recent Developments

The La Joya Bypass, a key segment of US 83 designated as part of future Interstate 2, achieved full operational status in August 2024 following the completion of its four-phase construction. Phase II opened in July 2023, providing eastbound and westbound main lanes and frontage roads from FM 2221 to approximately 1.9 miles west of Showers Road. Subsequent phases included additional frontage road connections and overpasses, culminating in the opening of all main lanes on August 9, 2024, which alleviated congestion in Peñitas and La Joya. The entire project, spanning 9 miles, cost $197 million and enhances connectivity along the western extension of I-2. In Harlingen, TxDOT completed interchange enhancements at the I-2 and I-69E (US 77) junction in 2023 as part of a $4.1 million ramp reversal project between Industrial Drive and Loop 499 (Primera Road). This initiative reversed northbound ramps to improve and reduce bottlenecks at the eastern of I-2, incorporating upgraded signal operations and features for better . The project addressed growing commercial traffic in the area, marking a significant upgrade to the interchange's configuration. By 2025, TxDOT installed intelligent transportation systems along I-2, including traffic cameras and sensors integrated into the Pharr District's network for real-time monitoring. These systems, part of a broader statewide initiative leveraging for incident detection and , enable dynamic responses to congestion and hazards, with cameras providing live feeds accessible via TxDOT's online portal. The enhancements support across the 48-mile route, particularly in flood-prone sections of the Valley. Following Hurricane Hanna's landfall in July 2020, which caused widespread flooding in and disrupted regional roadways, TxDOT implemented resilience upgrades on I-2 through the Pharr District. These included reinforced drainage infrastructure and elevated assets in vulnerable areas to mitigate inland flooding risks, informed by post-storm assessments that prepositioned repair teams and monitored closures. The upgrades align with the 2025 Statewide Transportation Resilience Plan, prioritizing border-adjacent corridors like I-2 for enhanced flood resistance using federal PROTECT funding. As of November 2025, TxDOT's latest maintenance reports for I-2 indicate ongoing preventative work, including nighttime lane closures from for pavement resurfacing and barrier repairs between Pharr and Harlingen. These efforts ensure structural integrity amid increasing freight volumes, with no major incidents reported in the most recent quarterly assessments.

Future Plans

Western Extension to Laredo

The (TxDOT) initiated the US 83 Regional Corridor Study in April 2022 to evaluate the feasibility of upgrading portions of US 83 to interstate standards, which would extend Interstate 2 westward from its current terminus in Peñitas to Laredo. The study, recommended as part of the 2021 Texas-Mexico Border Transportation Master Plan, focused on enhancing mobility, safety, and connectivity along the corridor while assessing traffic, freight movement, and geometric improvements. Concluding in August 2023, the study examined approximately 130 miles of roadway through , Starr, Zapata, and Webb counties, culminating in a connection to the US 59/State Loop 20 junction near in Laredo. Key route options include short- and long-term enhancements to State Loop 195 as a relief route bypassing urban congestion in Rio Grande City, expanding it into a four-lane, access-controlled divided . Public input was gathered through surveys conducted in July and August 2022, informing recommendations for interstate designation and phased improvements. The Corridor Development Plan estimates total costs at $3.796 billion in 2023 dollars, with short-term projects at $264 million, mid-term at $416 million, and long-term upgrades at $3.116 billion to achieve full interstate compliance. Potential funding sources include federal programs under the of 2021, which supports border trade corridor enhancements. The study identifies US 83 as a major hurricane evacuation route for over 1.3 million residents, with improvements aimed at enhancing efficiency. Further environmental assessments would be required for individual project segments to mitigate effects on sensitive areas.

Integration with I-69 System

Interstate 2 is designated as a segment of the future corridor, which aims to create a continuous north-south route from to , significantly enhancing trade efficiency across the continent. This integration positions I-2 as a vital east-west link in the Rio Grande Valley, bridging key components of the I-69 network and supporting the movement of goods between Gulf Coast ports and border crossings. At its eastern terminus in Harlingen, I-2 directly connects to I-69E along US , providing immediate access to the northward extension toward and beyond, which facilitates freight and passenger flow from the Brownsville area. In Pharr, I-2 intersects with I-69C via US 281, where a major interchange project reconstructed ramps and mainlanes to improve traffic flow and cross-border mobility, completed in late 2025. To fully align with I-69 standards, I-2 is undergoing incremental upgrades, including widening and operational enhancements to meet interstate criteria for controlled and . These improvements are part of broader I-69 initiatives that incorporate managed lanes, such as HOV facilities in other segments, to prioritize freight efficiency along high-volume trade paths. I-2 plays an essential role in the Ports-to-Plains Corridor, a high-priority freight route designated as future , which utilizes US 83 (the alignment of I-2) from Laredo through to connect ports with northern markets. Full integration into the I-69 system, including complete interstate designation and connectivity, is projected as a decades-long effort, with significant milestones anticipated beyond 2030 as funding and construction progress. Economically, the integration of I-2 with I-69 is expected to boost trade volume with , where Texas-Mexico commerce exceeded $281 billion in 2024, by streamlining truck crossings and reducing congestion in the border region post-extension. Projections indicate freight movement along these corridors could double over the next 25 years, driving job growth and in .

Ongoing and Proposed Improvements

The (TxDOT) Pharr District is implementing projects as part of broader maintenance upgrades funded through the 2025-2028 Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). Safety enhancements on I-2 target high-accident zones through TxDOT's Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP), which prioritizes rumble strips and median barriers to mitigate run-off-road and crossover crashes. In the Pharr District, these countermeasures have been applied to segments with elevated severe crash rates, such as eastbound approaches near FM 1015, achieving up to 50% reductions in target crash types based on statewide data. The 2025 HSIP guidelines emphasize systemic installation of milled edgeline rumble strips and cable median barriers on divided highways like I-2, with funding drawn from the STIP's safety category totaling over $200 million statewide for 2025-2028. Proposed accommodations for bicycles and pedestrians along I-2 frontage roads include shared-use paths and enhanced crossings, as outlined in the I-2 and improvement study in McAllen. These features aim to connect local communities to the while minimizing conflicts with vehicular traffic, aligning with TxDOT's Pharr District Bicycle Plan recommendations for the Rio Grande Valley. In Cameron County, measures focus on elevating vulnerable sections and upgrading drainage infrastructure to counter sea-level rise projections of up to 3 feet by 2100, which threaten coastal bridges and evacuation routes, as part of TxDOT's broader 2025 Statewide Resiliency Plan, supported by federal PROTECT funding averaging $145 million annually statewide through 2028.

Interchanges and Exits

Major Junctions

Interstate 2's western terminus is at the interchange with Showers Road in Palmview, Hidalgo County, providing access to the US 83 corridor. This configuration allows for grade-separated movement, reducing conflicts between through traffic on I-2 and vehicles entering from the parallel US 83 route, which serves as a key north-south artery in the . A central highlight is the interchange with I-69C and US 281 in Pharr, which is undergoing full reconstruction to include two-lane direct connectors in all directions for high-volume access between these east-west and north-south routes. The project, under a design-build contract with groundbreaking in 2021, includes reconfigured on- and off-ramps to optimize mobility and safety amid increasing cross-border and local traffic flows. This setup minimizes weaving and supports future expansion, with construction ongoing as of September 2025 and substantial completion expected in 2026. The eastern terminus is at the interchange with I-69E, US 77, and US 83 in Harlingen, integrating I-2 into the regional I-69 network. The design accommodates heavy freight and commuter traffic toward the Gulf Coast ports. It enhances connectivity for over 40,000 daily users by reducing delays at this convergence point. All major junctions on Interstate 2 adhere to AASHTO Interstate criteria, featuring 12-foot travel lanes and full shoulders to ensure and . These standards, verified by TxDOT during designation, include minimum vertical clearances and ramp radii suited for interstate speeds up to 70 mph. In urban segments, such as through Pharr and Harlingen, traffic engineering incorporates signalized ramps to manage merge flows and prevent bottlenecks during peak hours. These ramp meters, operated by TxDOT, synchronize with mainline volumes to maintain speeds above 45 mph and reduce rear-end collisions by up to 30 percent in high-density areas.

Exit List

The exit list for Interstate 2 employs mile-based numbering referencing a future western terminus in Laredo, Texas, with current signage beginning at Exit 130 near Palmview; proposed extensions west to Peñitas will add lower-numbered interchanges as part of the US 83 corridor improvements. Signed I-2 exits are limited to the freeway segment from Palmview to Harlingen, while overlaps with US 83 provide additional at-grade access points not listed as Interstate exits.
Exit NumberMilepostLocationsDestinationsNotes
130130.0Hidalgo County, PalmviewShowers RoadCurrent western terminus of signed I-2; full interchange; transitions to US 83 freeway.
131131.1Hidalgo County, PalmviewFM 492 – PalmviewPartial interchange; eastbound exit/westbound entrance; local access.
133133.4Hidalgo County, PalmviewSH 364 – PalmviewFull diamond interchange; major junction to local business district.
136136.2Hidalgo County, MissionSH 107 – MissionFull access; serves Mission city center; overlaps with US 83 signage.
137137.5Hidalgo County, MissionFM 494 – Granjeno RoadEastbound/westbound exits; frontage road access.
139139.0Hidalgo County, MissionConway AvenuePartial cloverleaf; high-volume local traffic; not signed as primary I-2 exit.
140140.3Hidalgo County, McAllenSH 336 (Houston Avenue) – McAllenFull interchange; key access to McAllen; I-2/US 83 overlap.
141141.1Hidalgo County, McAllen10th Street – McAllenWestbound exit only; serves downtown; distinguishes from US 83 business route.
142142.0Hidalgo County, McAllenUS 83 Business – McAllenEastbound entrance/westbound exit; transitional to frontage roads.
144144.2Hidalgo County, PharrJackson Avenue – PharrFull diamond; part of ongoing interchange improvements.
145145.0Hidalgo County, PharrI-69C north / US 281 – PharrMajor interchange; full access; critical junction for northbound travel; under reconstruction as of 2025.
147147.3Hidalgo County, San JuanFM 3362 (Kingston Road)Partial interchange; eastbound exit; local farm access.
148148.1Hidalgo County, AlamoFM 493 – AlamoFull access; serves Alamo community; US 83 overlap noted.
150150.4Hidalgo County, DonnaFM 1015 – DonnaDiamond interchange; high truck traffic; signed I-2.
152152.2Hidalgo County, DonnaFM 1423 (Val Verde Road) – DonnaEastbound/westbound; rural connector; not primary I-2 signage.
155155.0Hidalgo County, WeslacoFM 88 – WeslacoFull interchange; access to Weslaco; overlaps US 83.
157157.1Hidalgo County, WeslacoFM 1016 (Mile 8 Road)Partial; westbound entrance; local service.
159159.3Hidalgo County, WeslacoBus. US 83 – WeslacoCloverleaf; business district access; distinguishes from mainline US 83.
161161.0Hidalgo County, MercedesFM 88 (Texas Avenue)Full diamond; serves Mercedes; I-2/US 83 signed.
164164.2Hidalgo County, MercedesTexas Boulevard – MercedesEastbound exit only; commercial area.
166166.5Cameron County, La FeriaSH 107 – La FeriaMajor junction; full access; transition to Cameron County.
168168.1Cameron County, La FeriaBus. US 83 – La FeriaPartial interchange; local loop; US 83 overlap.
172172.3Cameron County, HarlingenI-69E / US 77 north – HarlingenInterchange; partial ramps (no direct southbound); major junction to north.
175175.0Cameron County, HarlingenUS 83 Business / SS 206 (Tyler Avenue)Eastbound exit to downtown; current eastern terminus of signed I-2; full access via US 83.
176176.1Cameron County, HarlingenI-69E / US 77 north (continuation)Westbound entrance/eastbound left exit; connects to future extensions; serves Valley International Airport area.
Future exits in the La Joya and Peñitas areas are planned as part of the US 83 corridor improvements to achieve full Interstate standards, with added ramps for better freight mobility while maintaining distinction from existing US 83 at-grade crossings.

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