Kentucky Colonels
The Kentucky Colonels were an American professional basketball team based in Louisville, Kentucky. A charter member of the American Basketball Association (ABA), the team played all nine seasons of the league's existence from 1967 to 1976.[1] With a regular-season record of 448–296 (.602 winning percentage)—the best in ABA history—the Colonels qualified for the playoffs every year. They won the 1975 ABA championship, defeating the Indiana Pacers 4–1 in the Finals under head coach Hubie Brown.[2][1] Following the ABA–NBA merger in 1976, the franchise was not selected for inclusion in the NBA and subsequently folded, with its players distributed via a dispersal draft. Notable players included Hall of Famers Louie Dampier, Dan Issel, and Artis Gilmore.[1][2]History
Establishment and early ownership
The Kentucky Colonels were established as one of the original franchises of the American Basketball Association (ABA) on March 6, 1967, when the league awarded the team to Louisville for a fee of $30,000. The franchise was quickly purchased by a syndicate of local investors led by Joseph E. Gregory—a prominent Louisville tobacco executive known as Joe Gregory—along with his wife Mamie Gregory and businessman William C. Boone. This group aimed to bring professional basketball to Kentucky, selecting the name "Colonels" to evoke the state's longstanding tradition of honorary Kentucky Colonels, a ceremonial title dating back to the 18th century and symbolizing Southern heritage and community leadership.[3][4][5] The Colonels launched their inaugural season in October 1967 at the Louisville Convention Center, with some games at the Kentucky Fair and Exposition Center, drawing an average attendance of about 3,200 fans amid the novelty of the new league. Under head coach John Givens, who was replaced mid-season by Gene Rhodes after a 5-12 start, the team compiled a 36-42 record, finishing fourth in the ABA's Eastern Division and qualifying for the playoffs, where they lost to the Minnesota Muskies in five games. Key contributors included rookie guard Louie Dampier, who averaged 20.7 points per game and earned All-Star honors, forward Darel Carrier with 22.9 points per game, and power forward Randy Mahaffey, a 1967 ABA draftee from Clemson who provided 13.7 points and 9.1 rebounds per game as a rookie All-Star. The roster was bolstered by other early acquisitions like forward Goose Ligon for rebounding support.[6][3] Despite the on-court promise, the early years were marked by financial instability common to the fledgling ABA, with low revenues straining the original ownership group. By 1969, ongoing losses prompted the sale of the franchise on April 15 to a new Louisville-based syndicate headed by real estate developer H. Wendell Cherry, which included investors Bill DeWitt, Stuart Jay, David Jones, John Y. Brown Jr., and league executive Mike Storen; this transition helped stabilize the team and set the stage for future growth under Brown's eventual sole ownership.[3][7]Mid-era developments and ownership changes
In 1969, the Kentucky Colonels franchise underwent a significant ownership change when it was purchased by a group of Louisville investors led by H. Wendell Cherry, which included prominent businessman John Y. Brown Jr., Bill DeWitt, Stuart Jay, David Jones, and Mike Storen.[8] This acquisition marked a turning point for the team, which had faced early financial difficulties following its founding in 1967, by injecting capital and enhancing marketing strategies to boost attendance and visibility in the competitive American Basketball Association (ABA).[1] The new ownership stabilized operations and set the stage for on-court improvements, culminating in John Y. Brown and his wife Ellie Brown acquiring full control in July 1973.[8] Under head coach Gene Rhodes, the Colonels achieved their first playoff appearance in the 1969–70 season, finishing with a 45–39 record and securing second place in the ABA Eastern Division.[9] This success reflected the team's growing competitiveness, bolstered by foundational players like guard Louie Dampier, who had joined the franchise at its inception in 1967 after being passed over in the NBA draft and signing directly with the ABA expansion team.[10] Key roster enhancements followed, including the selection of forward Dan Issel as the first overall pick in the 1970 ABA Draft, where he quickly emerged as a scoring force with his University of Kentucky pedigree.[11] In 1971, the team further strengthened its frontcourt by signing center Artis Gilmore to a landmark 10-year, $1.5 million contract, outbidding NBA suitors and adding a dominant rebounder and shot-blocker to the lineup.[12] These acquisitions propelled the Colonels to elite status in the early 1970s. In the 1971–72 season, under head coach Joe Mullaney, the team captured the ABA Eastern Division title with a league-best 68–16 record, showcasing a balanced offense led by Issel and Gilmore alongside Dampier's sharpshooting. The following years sustained this momentum, with Mullaney guiding the team to second place and strong playoff performances in 1972–73 (56–28 record), despite intense rivalry matchups against the neighboring Indiana Pacers along Interstate 65.[13] The Pacers-Colonels clashes often featured high-stakes drama, as the two teams met frequently in regular-season and playoff battles, heightening regional tensions in the ABA's Eastern Division. Babe McCarthy then took over as coach for the 1973–74 season.[14][15][16] To broaden fan appeal, particularly in a state dominated by University of Kentucky basketball fandom, the Colonels switched their uniform colors from chartreuse green and white to royal blue and white starting in the 1970–71 season, a scheme reminiscent of the Wildcats' iconic look.[17] This rebranding, later accented with red trim in 1974, aligned the professional team more closely with local traditions and contributed to rising attendance at Freedom Hall.[7]Final seasons and ABA-NBA merger
In 1974, following the 1973–74 season (53–31 record), Kentucky Colonels owner John Y. Brown Jr. hired Hubie Brown, a former assistant coach with the Milwaukee Bucks, to serve as head coach.[18][16] Under Brown's guidance, the team revamped its offensive strategy, leading to a dominant 1974–75 regular season with a 58–26 record and the Eastern Division title.[19] This performance culminated in the Colonels' first and only ABA championship, defeating the Indiana Pacers 4–1 in the Finals.[19] The 1975–76 season saw the Colonels post a 46–38 record, securing fourth place in the Eastern Division despite trading star forward Dan Issel to the Baltimore Claws midseason.[20] They advanced past the first round by beating the Pacers 4–2 but were eliminated in the division semifinals by the Denver Nuggets in six games.[20] Attendance at Freedom Hall remained a persistent challenge, averaging approximately 8,000 fans per game amid growing financial pressures on the franchise.[21] As the ABA faced financial instability, merger talks with the NBA intensified, culminating in an agreement announced on June 17, 1976, to absorb four ABA teams into the NBA starting in the 1976–77 season.[22] The Kentucky Colonels were excluded primarily due to opposition from existing NBA owners, including the Chicago Bulls, who cited antitrust concerns over market proximity to teams like the Pacers and cited the high entry fee of around $3.2 million per team.[23] Despite this, Brown negotiated a $3.3 million buyout from the remaining ABA owners to dissolve the franchise.[24] The team's assets were dispersed through a special NBA dispersal draft in June 1976, alongside players from the folded Spirits of St. Louis, allowing NBA teams to select talent at reduced costs; notable Colonels like center Artis Gilmore later signed as a free agent with the Bulls after a holdout, while others such as Louie Dampier and Randy Smith were selected in the draft. The franchise was officially dissolved on July 17, 1976.[25] Brown profited from the buyout, using the proceeds to purchase the NBA's Buffalo Braves shortly thereafter, but Louisville was left without a major professional basketball team for decades.[25]Identity and facilities
Name, colors, and branding
The name "Kentucky Colonels" for the ABA franchise was selected in 1967 by its founding owners, drawing directly from the longstanding Kentucky Colonel honorary title, a prestigious civilian honor first commissioned around 1813 by Governor Isaac Shelby to recognize distinguished service and embodying Southern pride and Kentucky's frontier heritage.[26][5] This choice evoked local tradition and state identity, distinguishing the team from more generic city-based names like "Louisville Colonels" and aligning with Kentucky's cultural symbolism, including references to the historic Louisville Colonels baseball club.[7] The team's initial colors from 1967 to 1970 were chartreuse green and white, a bold palette inspired by the ABA's early emphasis on flashy, innovative aesthetics to differentiate from the NBA.[27] These hues were often criticized for their garish appearance, contributing to an unconventional visual identity that prioritized spectacle over subtlety.[28] In 1970, the Colonels underwent a significant rebranding, shifting to blue and white uniforms to align with the University of Kentucky Wildcats' traditional colors, a move facilitated by the involvement of retired UK coach Adolph Rupp as a special assistant to ownership.[28] This change enhanced fan identification and marketability in a basketball-passionate state, with red trim added by 1974 to create a red, white, and blue scheme through the 1976 season.[27][7] The Colonels' logos and uniforms maintained a straightforward design throughout their existence, featuring a primary wordmark in script lettering reading "Kentucky Colonels" and an early emblem depicting a stylized colonel figure wearing a hat, often accompanied by a basketball or hound dog mascot named Ziggy for added regional flavor.[29][27] By the 1970s, the logo simplified to blue "KC" interlocking letters enclosing an ABA basketball, with no major redesigns occurring; uniforms included home whites and road blues, occasionally accented with stars denoting division championships during successful seasons.[30][31] Marketing efforts emphasized the team's ties to Kentucky heritage, leveraging promotions like the introduction of the Ziggy mascot and innovative stunts—such as the 1968 exhibition game featuring female player Penny Ann Early—to generate buzz and boost regional appeal among Louisville and statewide fans.[27][7] These initiatives, including neutral-site games in nearby markets, helped cultivate loyalty by positioning the Colonels as a symbol of state pride amid the ABA's competitive landscape.[7]Home arenas and attendance
The Kentucky Colonels began their existence playing home games at the Louisville Convention Center, a multi-purpose venue with a capacity of approximately 5,900 seats, from the 1967–68 season through the 1969–70 season.[21] This facility, now known as Louisville Gardens, hosted the team's early contests but was primarily designed for conventions and exhibitions rather than sports, leading to limitations in its suitability for basketball.[1] In 1970, the Colonels relocated to the larger Freedom Hall at the Kentucky Exposition Center, where they played through their final season in 1975–76. With a capacity of 18,000, the arena allowed for expanded crowds and higher-profile matchups, though it originally served as a multi-purpose venue for events like the Kentucky State Fair, necessitating adaptations such as court configurations for basketball.[32] The move aligned with the team's growing competitiveness and enabled them to host playoff games in a more suitable environment.[3] Attendance at the Louisville Convention Center started low, averaging 3,225 fans per game in 1967–68, rising slightly to 4,157 in 1968–69, and then falling to 3,834 in 1969–70, reflecting the novelty of professional basketball in Louisville and the venue's constraints.[21] Following the shift to Freedom Hall, figures improved significantly, peaking at an average of 8,811 during the 1971–72 season amid strong on-court performance and championship contention.[3] Overall, the Colonels drew an average of about 7,500 fans per home game across their nine seasons, with notable highs like 8,727 in the 1974–75 championship year, though attendance dipped to 6,973 in 1975–76 amid uncertainty surrounding the ABA-NBA merger.[33] Playoff crowds often exceeded 16,000, as seen in the 1975 ABA Finals clincher against the Indiana Pacers.[34] Operational challenges for the Colonels included the ABA's flexible scheduling, which featured irregular gaps between games and required frequent travel by bus or commercial flights across a geographically dispersed league, complicating preparation and logistics.[1] The team lacked a dedicated on-site practice facility at either venue, instead using off-site locations like Crawford Gym at the University of Louisville for workouts.[35] Home games were supported by local broadcast partnerships, primarily with WHAS radio for play-by-play coverage throughout the franchise's history, supplemented by occasional local television airings.On-court performance
Regular season records
The Kentucky Colonels amassed a regular season record of 448 wins and 296 losses over their nine seasons in the American Basketball Association from 1967 to 1976, yielding a .602 winning percentage that ranked as the best in league history.[2] This success included qualification for the playoffs in every season, resulting in nine straight postseason berths.[2] The team competed exclusively in the Eastern Division, securing division championships in 1971–72 and 1974–75.[2] Performance improved markedly after the 1970 ownership transition to John Y. Brown Jr. and Harry Cullman, who invested in talent acquisition and stability.[1] This shift propelled the Colonels to their zenith in 1971–72 with a 68–16 mark, the highest win total and winning percentage (.810) ever recorded in the ABA during its nine-year existence.[14] The following table summarizes the Colonels' regular season results by year, including win-loss record, divisional finish, head coach(es), and leading scorer (points per game).[2]| Season | Record | Finish (Eastern Division) | Head Coach(es) | Top Scorer (PPG) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1967–68 | 36–42 | 4th of 5 | John Givens, Gene Rhodes | Darel Carrier (22.9) |
| 1968–69 | 42–36 | 3rd of 5 | Gene Rhodes | Louie Dampier (24.8) |
| 1969–70 | 45–39 | 2nd of 6 | Gene Rhodes | Louie Dampier (26.0) [9] |
| 1970–71 | 44–40 | 2nd of 6 | Gene Rhodes, Alex Groza, Frank Ramsey | Dan Issel (29.9) |
| 1971–72 | 68–16 | 1st of 6 | Joe Mullaney | Dan Issel (30.6) [14] |
| 1972–73 | 56–28 | 2nd of 5 | Joe Mullaney | Dan Issel (27.3) [15] |
| 1973–74 | 53–31 | 2nd of 5 | Babe McCarthy | Dan Issel (25.5) [16] |
| 1974–75 | 58–26 | 1st of 5 | Hubie Brown | Artis Gilmore (23.6) [19] |
| 1975–76 | 46–38 | 4th of 4 | Hubie Brown | Artis Gilmore (24.6) [20] |
Playoff history and 1975 championship
The Kentucky Colonels compiled an overall playoff record of 55–46 across their nine ABA seasons, second only to the Indiana Pacers among ABA teams in total playoff victories.[2] The team qualified for the postseason every year, advancing to the league semifinals or better in six appearances, often powered by dominant performances from stars like Artis Gilmore and Dan Issel.[1] Their postseason success highlighted a fierce regional rivalry with the Indiana Pacers, marked by multiple high-stakes series that intensified the competition between the neighboring franchises.[13] Early playoff runs established the Colonels as contenders but were plagued by close defeats against the Pacers. In the 1973 ABA Finals, Kentucky advanced by defeating the Virginia Squires 4–1 in the Eastern Division Semifinals and the Carolina Cougars 4–3 in the Eastern Division Finals, before falling to Indiana 4–3 in a grueling seven-game series.[37] The Pacers clinched the title in Game 7 at Freedom Hall with an 88–81 victory, capping a rivalry that saw the teams meet in pivotal matchups throughout the ABA era.[38] Another notable series came in 1972, when the Colonels, despite posting the ABA's best regular-season record of 68–16, were upset by the New York Nets 4–2 in the Eastern Division Semifinals.[39] The Colonels' pinnacle arrived in the 1975 playoffs, where they captured their lone ABA championship under coach Hubie Brown. As the Eastern Division's top seed with a 58–26 record, Kentucky dispatched the Memphis Sounds 2–0 in the Division Semifinals, limiting the expansion team to under 100 points per game.[40] The Division Finals against the Spirits of St. Louis tested their resilience, with the series tied at 3–3 after a Spirits upset in Game 6; Kentucky then rallied in Game 7 for a 117–98 win at Freedom Hall, overcoming a mid-series deficit through Brown's emphasis on defensive rotations and rebounding dominance.[41] This comeback propelled them to the ABA Finals against the Pacers, where they prevailed 4–1, securing the title in Game 5 at home with a 110–105 victory before 16,622 fans.[42] Artis Gilmore earned ABA Playoffs MVP honors, averaging 24.1 points and 17.6 rebounds per game across 15 postseason contests, including a Finals-clinching 28 points and 31 rebounds in Game 5.[43] Dan Issel complemented him with 21.6 points per game in the Finals, exploiting mismatches while the team's league-best defensive rating—holding opponents to 101.7 points per game in the regular season—proved decisive under Brown's schemes that prioritized paint protection and transition stops.[19] The championship run avenged prior losses to Indiana, solidifying the Colonels' place in ABA lore amid the league's competitive final years.[1]Personnel
Head coaches
The Kentucky Colonels employed several head coaches during their nine seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA), with the later hires playing pivotal roles in the team's rise to contention and ultimate success. Joe Mullaney served as head coach from the 1971-72 season through the 1972-73 season, compiling a regular-season record of 124 wins and 44 losses across those two campaigns. Under Mullaney, the Colonels achieved a franchise-best 68-16 mark in 1971-72, the highest winning percentage in ABA history at the time, driven by the integration of rookie center Artis Gilmore and emphasizing fundamental discipline to build a competitive foundation. However, despite reaching the 1973 ABA Finals where they fell 4-3 to the Indiana Pacers, Mullaney was fired following the playoffs amid organizational shifts. Babe McCarthy took over as head coach for the 1973-74 season, leading the team to a 53-31 regular-season record and earning co-ABA Coach of the Year honors alongside Utah Stars coach Joe Mullaney. McCarthy's tenure brought playoff consistency, as the Colonels swept the Carolina Cougars 4-0 in the Eastern Division Semifinals before losing 4-0 to the New York Nets in the Division Finals; his approach favored an up-tempo offensive style suited to the ABA's fast-paced nature. Despite this success and securing the team's first division title contention, McCarthy was dismissed after one season due to internal conflicts, marking the end of his professional coaching career before his death in 1975. Hubie Brown assumed the head coaching role starting in the 1974-75 season and continued through the 1975-76 season until the ABA-NBA merger, posting a combined regular-season record of 104-64. Brown's tactical innovations, including zone defensive schemes and a focus on rebounding and transition play, propelled the Colonels to their lone ABA championship in 1975, defeating the Indiana Pacers 4-1 in the Finals after a 58-26 regular season that included winning 22 of their final 25 games. In the merger's final season, the team finished 46-38 and reached the Eastern Division Semifinals, but Brown transitioned to the NBA shortly thereafter, beginning a Hall of Fame career that included two NBA Coach of the Year awards with the Atlanta Hawks (1978) and Memphis Grizzlies (2004). Earlier coaches included Gene Rhodes (1967–71, 128–110 record), who led the inaugural team, and interim figures like John Givens and Alex Groza in 1971.| Coach | Tenure | Regular Season Record | Playoff Appearances | Notable Achievements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Mullaney | 1971-72 to 1972-73 | 124-44 (.738) | 2 (1972 Division Finals loss; 1973 Finals loss) | 1971-72 ABA-best 68-16 record |
| Babe McCarthy | 1973-74 | 53-31 (.631) | 1 (1974 Division Finals loss) | ABA Co-Coach of the Year (1974) |
| Hubie Brown | 1974-75 to 1975-76 | 104-64 (.619) | 2 (1975 Champions; 1976 Semifinals loss) | ABA Champions (1975) |