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Larry Clinton

Larry Clinton (August 17, 1909 – May 2, 1985) was an American trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader renowned for his contributions to the , particularly through innovative adaptations of into popular hits and his leadership of a prominent in the late . Born in , , to George Martin Clinton and concert Elizabeth (Price) Clinton, he demonstrated early musical talent, playing trumpet, , and while attending public schools. Clinton's career began in the early as an arranger and for bands including those of , the Dorsey Brothers, , and Glen Gray, where he honed his skills in blending jazz with l elements. Encouraged by composer to focus on arranging, he formed his own in late 1937 with backing from , quickly achieving success by recording for RCA Victor and booking engagements months in advance by mid-1938. His band's repertoire featured a mix of original compositions and adaptations of classical pieces, such as "My Reverie" (from Debussy's Rêverie), which reached number one on the charts in 1938, and "" (from Flotow's opera), which reached number two that year. Among his most notable works was the playful swing standard "The Dipsy Doodle," composed in 1937 and inspired by baseball pitcher Carl Hubbell's screwball pitch, which became a signature tune for his orchestra. Other chart-topping successes included "Deep Purple" (number one in 1939, featuring vocalist Bea Wain), "Cry, Baby, Cry" (number one in 1938), and "Heart and Soul" (number one in 1938), contributing to over a dozen chart hits during his band's peak. His orchestra, known for its sophisticated sound and vocalists like Bea Wain and Terry Allen, was a dominant force in pop music between the rises of Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey. During , Clinton served in the U.S. Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946, after which he worked as a and executive at before briefly reviving his orchestra in the late 1940s. He married Wanda Salik in 1931, and they had a son, Larry Jr., born in 1940; the family later settled in , where Clinton resided until his death from cancer at the University of Arizona Medical Center in Tucson at age 75.

Early Life and Education

Birth and Family Background

Larry Clinton was born on August 17, 1909, in , . He was the son of George Martin Clinton and (Price) Clinton, a soprano whose musical background likely influenced his early interest in music. His maternal grandfather, W.H. Price (born 1861, died 1927), was an accomplished and , further embedding a tradition of musical talent within the family. Clinton attended public schools in during his childhood, where he began developing his skills as a versatile instrumentalist, playing , , and .

Musical Beginnings

Larry Clinton was born on August 17, 1909, in , . He attended public schools in , where he began developing his musical skills. Clinton became a versatile instrumentalist, proficient on the , , and , though his performing roles were typically in section parts, such as third trumpet or fourth trombone, rather than as a featured soloist. In his early twenties, around 1932, Clinton's career trajectory shifted while he was playing in Ferde Grofé's . The composer of the Grand Canyon Suite encouraged the 23-year-old to pursue arranging, recognizing his potential in that area. Clinton sold his first arrangement to bandleader , which launched his professional work behind the scenes. However, challenges with endurance—self-described as a "10:30 lip," referring to early fatigue in his —prompted him to prioritize arranging and composition over live performance. By the early 1930s, Clinton had established himself as a sought-after arranger for major dance orchestras during the swing era's rise. He contributed to Claude Hopkins's band in 1933, the Dorsey Brothers in 1934, from 1935 to 1936, and Glen Gray from 1936 to 1937. In 1937, his work extended to ensembles led by , , and , including compositions like "Satan Takes a Holiday." These early assignments honed his style of adapting classical themes into swing arrangements, setting the foundation for his later success as a .

Career as Arranger and Musician

Early Professional Work

Clinton began his professional career as a freelance arranger in the early , contributing scores to several prominent dance orchestras. In 1933, he provided arrangements for the bands of Claude Hopkins and , honing his skills in crafting intricate charts that blended rhythms with melodic sophistication. He also played as a in these ensembles. His work during this period also extended to , where he assisted in orchestral adaptations that emphasized dynamic sectional interplay while holding a chair in Grofé's band. By 1935, Clinton had advanced to arranging for the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra, creating charts that highlighted the ensemble's brass and reed sections during their popular radio broadcasts, and occasionally performing as a multi-instrumentalist. Following the brothers' split later that year, he continued with Jimmy Dorsey's band through 1936, including a stint in California where his arrangements supported performances on NBC's Kraft Music Hall. Concurrently, starting in late 1935, he joined Glen Gray's Casa Loma Orchestra as a staff arranger, remaining for nearly two years and contributing to their CBS radio program The Camel Caravan; his scores there incorporated innovative voicings that influenced the band's hot jazz style, alongside his contributions as a trumpeter. In early 1937, as he prepared to form his own , Clinton undertook ad hoc arranging assignments for , , and , leveraging his growing reputation for versatile, hit-making compositions. For Dorsey, he penned originals such as "Satan Takes a Holiday" and "The Dipsy Doodle," the latter becoming a chart-topping novelty hit that showcased Clinton's flair for playful, syncopated rhythms and solidified his transition to bandleading. These freelance efforts marked the culmination of his early professional phase, bridging his arranging expertise with leadership ambitions.

Arrangements for Major Bands

Larry Clinton's career as an arranger gained momentum in the early 1930s, beginning with contributions to the bands of and Claude Hopkins in 1933, where he provided original charts and adaptations that showcased his emerging talent for blending with structured . He also served as a on and other instruments in these groups. In 1935, Clinton joined the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra, supplying arrangements that supported the band's transition into the , including pieces like "You Are My Lucky Star" and "On a Sunday Afternoon." When the Dorsey brothers parted ways in 1935, Clinton aligned with Jimmy Dorsey's new orchestra, serving as a key arranger through 1936 and crafting distinctive works such as "," "," and "Tap Dancer's Nightmare," which highlighted rhythmic complexity and sectional interplay. He continued to perform occasionally as a during this period. Clinton's association with from 1936 to 1937 marked a pivotal phase, as he delivered high-impact arrangements including "Satan Takes a Holiday," a moody, atmospheric piece that became a signature for , and "Dipsy Doodle," a lively novelty number co-written and arranged by Clinton that achieved widespread popularity after its recording. These charts emphasized Clinton's skill in creating dynamic contrasts and memorable hooks, contributing to Dorsey's commercial success during the mid-1930s swing boom. Beyond the Dorseys, Clinton arranged for several other prominent ensembles in 1936–1937, such as Glen Gray's Casa Loma Orchestra, where his contributions added polish to their sophisticated sound; Louis Armstrong's , enhancing its energy; and Bunny Berigan's orchestra, with notable examples like "" and "Swanee River," which fused rhythms with bold brass lines. He also performed as a in some of these bands. He also provided stock arrangements for broader use, such as "Chris and His Gang" for in 1938 and "Down Home Rag" published in 1940, reflecting his versatility in tailoring scores for different leaders. This period solidified Clinton's reputation as a versatile arranger whose work bridged traditional band formats with innovative elements, paving the way for his own bandleading ventures.

Bandleading Career

Formation of the Orchestra

After achieving success as an arranger for bands such as the Dorsey Brothers and , Larry Clinton was encouraged by executive Oberstein to form his own group. In November 1937, with Oberstein's financial and logistical backing, Clinton assembled a studio to launch a weekly on and record his initial tracks for Records, including "True Confession" and "Abba Dabba Honeymoon" on November 5. The positive reception to these early efforts, bolstered by Clinton's prior hits like "The Dipsy Doodle" recorded by , prompted further investment. provided additional financial support to help establish the band as a touring ensemble. A key early addition was vocalist , whom Clinton hired in late 1937 after hearing her perform an eight-bar solo on Kate Smith's radio show; she became a prominent feature of the orchestra's sound. By the summer of 1938, Clinton had transitioned from the studio setup to a full road , debuting live performances that capitalized on his arrangements blending with classical influences. This formation marked the beginning of Clinton's four-year tenure as a , during which the gained national prominence through releases and radio broadcasts.

Peak Years and Hit Recordings (1937-1941)

Larry Clinton formed his orchestra in 1937, marking the beginning of his most successful period as a during the . The ensemble quickly gained prominence through recordings for RCA Victor, blending pop standards, ambitious instrumentals, and innovative swing arrangements of classical pieces by composers such as Debussy and Tchaikovsky. Featuring vocalist , who became one of the era's most popular female band singers after topping Billboard's 1939 college poll, the band appealed to both dance audiences and college crowds, performing at proms and hotel ballrooms while prioritizing studio work. By 1938, the orchestra had established itself as a dominant force in , rivaling contemporaries like . The band's hit recordings propelled its popularity, with nearly 40 chart entries between 1937 and 1941, including four number-one singles on the . Standout successes included "My Reverie" (1938), an of Claude Debussy's "Rêverie" that reached number one and showcased Wain's vocals; "Heart and Soul" (1938), another top chart-topper with a catchy, accessible ; "Cry, Baby, Cry" (1938), a playful number also hitting number one; and "Deep Purple" (1939), a romantic ballad that similarly topped the charts. Other notable hits like "The Dipsy Doodle" (1937, peaking at number seven), "Martha" (1938, number two), and "You Go to My Head" (1938, number three) highlighted Clinton's arranging prowess, often incorporating novelty elements and sophisticated . These recordings, totaling over 200 sides for Victor and its Bluebird imprint, emphasized Clinton's versatility in transforming diverse material into danceable . As the orchestra's fame grew, it expanded into visual media, appearing in short films that capitalized on hits like "The Dipsy Doodle," further boosting its profile. The period's commercial peak came in 1938–1939, with multiple top-ten entries such as "Summer Souvenirs" (number three, 1938) and "My Heart Belongs to Daddy" (number four, 1939), reflecting the band's ability to interpret and tunes effectively. By 1940–1941, output slowed with fewer major hits like "Johnson Rag" (number sixteen, 1940), as Clinton prepared for , but the orchestra remained a recording staple until its disbandment in 1942. This era solidified Clinton's reputation as an influential arranger and leader in the scene.

World War II Interruption and Military Service

Larry Clinton disbanded his orchestra in early 1942 and enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces in 1943, marking a significant interruption to his burgeoning career as a . Commissioned as a in the United States Army Air Forces, Clinton trained as a pilot and quickly rose to the rank of , leveraging his pre-war interest to contribute to the war effort. Clinton served in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater with the , stationed primarily in , and later in , where he participated in the perilous airlift operations—ferrying supplies over the to support Allied forces against Japanese advances. As a rated pilot, he flew missions including as co-pilot on C-46 and later served as a at the 1343rd Base Unit in , training personnel for these high-risk routes amid challenging weather and terrain. His service earned him decorations for distinguished performance, though specific awards remain undocumented in primary accounts. In addition to his flying duties, Clinton applied his musical background to boost troop morale by organizing and supervising programs for the India-China Special Service starting in late 1944. He oversaw 21 units comprising professional performers and amateurs, which toured bases across the theater to provide shows and music for soldiers in remote outposts. This dual role highlighted Clinton's versatility, blending his civilian expertise with military needs until his discharge in 1946.

Post-War Revival and Later Career

Following his discharge from the United States Army Air Forces in 1946, where he had served as a and risen to the rank of , Larry Clinton returned to the music industry as musical director for the short-lived Cosmo Records label, overseeing and recording several sides during his tenure there. In 1948, Clinton revived his orchestra, embarking on a brief tour and achieving renewed success as a through 1950, with recordings issued on labels including Decca and Victor. Notable releases from this period included "On a Slow Boat to China" (with vocal chorus by Helen Lee and the Dipsy Doodlers) and "Boogie Woogie Blues," reflecting his continued emphasis on arrangements and popular standards. By the early , however, the declining popularity of big bands led him to shift away from full-time road leadership. During the mid-1950s, Clinton capitalized on emerging audio technologies by re-recording his pre-war hits in high-fidelity stereo for RCA Victor, often featuring vocalist Helen Ward on tracks such as those from the 1957 album Larry Clinton in Hi-Fi. Transitioning to behind-the-scenes roles, he worked as a music publisher and later as an executive at , contributing to the label's operations in the late 1950s and early . Until his official retirement in 1961, Clinton remained involved in recording sessions, frequently leading studio orchestras for pop vocalists including Barry Frank.

Compositions

Original Works

Larry Clinton's original compositions, primarily from the late , reflected his innovative approach to , often incorporating playful rhythms, novelty elements, and themes inspired by the or everyday whimsy. These works were frequently recorded by major bands before or alongside his own orchestra, contributing to his reputation as a prolific arranger-composer in the big band era. One of his most enduring originals is "The Dipsy Doodle," written in 1937 and inspired by pitcher Carl Hubbell's pitch. First recorded by and His Orchestra with vocals by Edythe Wright, it became a number-one hit on the , selling over a million copies and exemplifying Clinton's talent for catchy, danceable swing tunes with scat-like vocal refrains. The song has been covered by over 37 artists, including Clinton's own band featuring in 1938. "Satan Takes a Holiday," composed in , showcased Clinton's fascination with eerie, atmospheric themes, blending fox-trot rhythms with a mischievous, devilish vibe. Its debut recording by reached significant popularity, peaking at number 13 on the and influencing later novelty pieces; Clinton later recorded it himself in 1938, highlighting the trombone's prominent role. The composition has garnered at least 15 covers, underscoring its lasting appeal in swing repertoire. Other notable originals include "Whoa, Babe" and "Study in Brown," both penned in 1937 for Glen Gray and the Orchestra, which emphasized intricate sectional interplay and helped establish Clinton's early arranging style before his bandleading career. Additional works from this period include "Dusk in Upper Sandusky" (1938, first recorded by ) and "Midnight in the Madhouse" (1937, first recorded by Clinton's orchestra), evoking chaotic, nocturnal energy and aligning with his thematic interests. In 1938, he wrote "The Devil with the Devil" for his own orchestra, featuring vocalist Ford Leary, continuing his with a lively, uptempo that received modest . Later, in 1951, he composed "Dreamy Melody," a more subdued first waxed by and His , marking a shift toward postwar pop sensibilities with nine known covers; "Calypso Melody" (composed earlier but a 1957 hit for David Rose) further demonstrated his rhythmic versatility. Clinton's originals, totaling around nine verified works, prioritized rhythmic innovation over lyrical depth, often serving as vehicles for dynamics and vocalist showcases, and collectively amassed over 150 cover versions across genres.

Adaptations of

Larry Clinton gained prominence in the for his innovative arrangements that transformed classical compositions into accessible popular tunes, often infusing them with rhythms and adding to appeal to broader audiences. This approach, sometimes called "jazzing the classics," helped bridge highbrow orchestral music with the danceable sound, contributing to the commercialization of symphonic themes during the late . Clinton's adaptations frequently featured vocalist , whose smooth delivery enhanced their chart success, and they exemplified his skill as an arranger in adapting intricate melodies for brass-heavy ensembles. One of Clinton's most enduring adaptations was "My Reverie," drawn from Claude Debussy's 1890 piano piece Rêverie. Clinton provided the lyrics and arranged the melody for his orchestra, recording it in July 1938 with on vocals for RCA Victor; the track reached number two on the and sold over a million copies, marking a breakthrough for Clinton's band. This adaptation preserved the impressionistic dreaminess of Debussy's original while adding a tempo and romantic structure, making it a staple of radio and halls. Another hit came from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Fantasy (1869), which Clinton adapted into "Our Love" in 1939, with lyrics by Buddy Bernier and Bob Emmerich. The recording, featuring vocalist Danny Richards, captured the overture's lyrical love theme in a style, achieving moderate chart success and highlighting Clinton's ability to evoke romantic drama through orchestration. This piece joined other Tchaikovsky-inspired works in Clinton's repertoire, including earlier versions from suite (1892), such as "Abba Dabba," an upbeat adaptation of the "Arabian Dance" recorded in 1937, and a lively take on "Dance of the Fairies" around , predating Ellington's more famous suite by over two decades. Clinton also drew from opera for "Martha," adapting a melody from Friedrich von Flotow's 1844 comic opera Martha (specifically the aria "Letzte Rose"). Arranged as a fox-trot with new pop lyrics, it was recorded in 1938 with Bea Wain, becoming a top-20 hit that showcased Clinton's talent for blending Victorian-era operatic elegance with modern swing phrasing. These adaptations, part of Clinton's "Opera Series in Swing Time," underscored his role in popularizing classical motifs, though his band dissolved amid World War II, limiting further explorations. Overall, Clinton's classical adaptations numbered over a dozen, focusing on composers like Debussy, Tchaikovsky, and Flotow, and they solidified his reputation as a musical innovator who made symphonic music for the masses.

Media Appearances

Film Roles

Larry Clinton's film roles were primarily confined to musical short subjects, where he appeared as the of his orchestra, performing popular tunes of the era. These appearances capitalized on the band's success with hits like "The Dipsy Doodle" and "Heart and Soul," showcasing Clinton's arranging style and the orchestra's sound in visual format. In 1938, following the chart-topping success of "The Dipsy Doodle," Clinton and his orchestra signed contracts with and to star in three 10-minute theatrical shorts, all filmed in . The first, Larry Clinton and His Orchestra (1938), featured vocalist on selections including the band's theme "" and Cole Porter's "." The second, The Dipsy Doodler (1940), highlighted the titular hit with dance sequences and instrumental riffs emphasizing Clinton's innovative arrangements. The third, Larry Clinton & His Orchestra (1939), included guest vocalists and Ford Leary performing numbers like "My Reverie" and "Over My Shoulder," demonstrating the band's versatility in a more elaborate stage setting. These shorts were distributed to theaters as part of variety programs, helping to promote the orchestra's recordings. During the early 1940s, as Soundies—three-minute musical films for coin-operated "movie es" like the Panoram—gained popularity, Clinton and his orchestra filmed six such shorts in 1941, later released between 1943 and 1944. These low-budget productions focused on energetic performances with minimal narrative, often featuring novelty elements or guest vocalists to appeal to jukebox audiences in bars and clubs. The titles included Dipsy Doodle (1943), reviving the band's signature tune with riff-based instrumentation; (1943), featuring vocalist Peggy Mann on the Peter de Rose standard; Whatcha Know Joe? (1943), a lively number with Henry "Butch" Stone on vocals; Chant of the Jungle (1943), an exotic instrumental evoking Clinton's atmospheric style; (1943), a spirited march arrangement of John Philip Sousa's piece amid wartime patriotism; and Smiles (1943), a performance of the standard with energetic vocals and instrumentation. These Soundies preserved performances from Clinton's pre-military era and contributed to the format's role in sustaining visibility during . Beyond these shorts, Clinton had no major roles, though his compositions appeared in soundtracks for later productions like Raging Bull (1980). Additionally, in 1946, Clinton and his orchestra appeared in the short Headline Bands (1946), performing with other prominent bandleaders. His on-screen presence was thus limited to promoting his music through these specialized formats, aligning with the era's emphasis on live-performance-style entertainment.

Radio Broadcasts

Larry Clinton's orchestra achieved significant popularity through a series of radio broadcasts on in the late , which showcased his innovative arrangements and helped propel his recordings to national acclaim. His primary vehicle was the sponsored program Larry Clinton's Campus Club, airing on the RCA Victor network segment of starting in early 1938, where the band performed live from venues such as Glen Island Casino in . These 30-minute episodes featured vocalist , whose renditions of Clinton's adaptations like "My Reverie"—a version of Debussy's "Rêverie"—reached number two on the in 1938. Additional remote broadcasts from ballrooms further amplified the band's reach, including regular appearances from the Meadowbrook Ballroom in , on Red Network stations like WEAF, where Clinton's ensemble played hits such as "Dipsy Doodle" and "" in 1938, and "In a Mist" in July 1939. These live transmissions from Hotel Park Central and other sites emphasized Clinton's blend of pop standards and classical adaptations, drawing large audiences during the swing era's peak. World War II military service temporarily halted Clinton's radio presence after 1941, but he revived his broadcasting career postwar, including a notable 1948 performance on the Armed Forces Radio Service's One Night Stand program, rebroadcast from the Meadowbrook Ballroom with tunes like "Lonesome Road" and "Study in Brown." These later appearances sustained his legacy amid the evolving landscape, though his radio activity diminished in the 1950s as he focused on recordings and occasional revivals.

Personal Life

Marriage and Family

Larry Clinton, born Lawrence Clinton Teats, married Irene Wanda Salik on September 26, 1931, in , . The couple resided in , where Clinton pursued his early career in music, and they remained married until his death in 1985. They had one son, Larry Clinton Jr., born in 1940. The family lived at 231 Dover Road in Manhasset, , , during the height of Clinton's bandleading years. In later years, the family relocated to .

Hobbies and Interests

Beyond his professional pursuits in music, Larry Clinton maintained a keen interest in , obtaining his civilian pilot's license in 1939 and later serving as a and co-pilot in the U.S. during . This passion for flying extended into his personal life as a , reflecting his adventurous spirit amid the demands of bandleading. Clinton also enjoyed , which he listed among his recreational activities during the height of his career in and 1940s. The sport provided a contrast to his high-energy musical engagements, offering a more relaxed outlet for . In his later years, after retiring from the music industry, Clinton developed a notable interest in writing, particularly and humor. He authored short stories such as "No Dipsy for Dix," published in Thrilling Wonder Stories in August 1951, which explored whimsical futuristic scenarios involving altered social behaviors triggered by a musician's blasts. Another work, "It's a Dog's Life," appeared in Fantastic Story Magazine in Summer 1952, delving into themes of domestic absurdity through a narrative about a man entangled in canine-like family dynamics. These publications marked his foray into as a creative , distinct from his earlier compositional fame.

Death and Legacy

Final Years and Death

In the postwar period, Clinton transitioned from bandleading to roles in music publishing and as an executive at . He remained intermittently active in the industry, including directing recordings for small labels and releasing the 1957 album Larry Clinton in Hi-Fi with vocalist Helen Ward, featuring re-recordings of his hits backed by a studio band. By the late 1950s, his involvement in music had diminished, leading to semi-retirement. Clinton officially retired from the music business around 1961, having amassed financial security through savvy investments during his performing career. He relocated first to and later to , where he lived comfortably. In his later years, he took up writing science fiction articles and humor pieces as a , marking a shift from his musical pursuits. Clinton died of cancer on May 2, 1985, at the Medical Center in , at the age of 75. He was survived by his wife, Wanda, and son, Larry Jr., of . As a veteran of the U.S. Army Air Forces, he was buried at in .

Influence and Recognition

Larry Clinton's innovative arrangements and compositions significantly shaped the , particularly through his pioneering approach to "swinging the classics," where he adapted operatic and classical melodies into syncopated tunes with added lyrics. For instance, his 1937 arrangement of Claude Debussy's Reverie as "My Reverie," performed by vocalist , reached number two on the in 1938 and became one of the era's defining hits, blending sophisticated harmonies with danceable rhythms. Similarly, his adaptation of Friedrich von Flotow's into a swing number reached the top ten in 1938 (peaking at No. 6), demonstrating his ability to make classical repertoire accessible to popular audiences. These works not only popularized hybrid styles but also influenced subsequent arrangers in bridging and traditions. As an arranger for prominent ensembles in the , Clinton contributed to the evolution of orchestration, working with leaders such as the Dorsey Brothers, , Glen Gray, , and . His signature techniques, including unison sections and glissandos, added a distinctive sweet- flavor to recordings like "The Dipsy Doodle," his band's enduring theme song that became a major hit in 1937. This period of collaboration elevated his reputation, as his charts helped define the polished yet energetic sound of late-1930s , impacting the genre's commercial viability through Victor Records releases and live broadcasts from venues like Glen Island Casino in 1938. Clinton's legacy endures through his role in expanding swing's stylistic boundaries, predating even Ellington's famous Nutcracker Suite with his own Tchaikovsky adaptations and fostering a model for orchestral experimentation that resonated in post-war s. Though he received no major formal awards, his orchestra's dominance in the late pop charts and radio airwaves cemented his recognition as a versatile force in American music, with renewed appreciation in modern circles for his compositional ingenuity. His work continues to be featured in historical compilations, underscoring his lasting influence on the aesthetic.

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    Thrilling Wonder Stories, August 1951 - Publication
    93 • No Dipsy for Dix • short story by Larry Clinton; 93 • No Dipsy for Dix ... 125 • Science Fiction Forecast (Thrilling Wonder Stories, August 1951) ...Missing: articles | Show results with:articles
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    FANTASTIC STORY 1952 - Biblioteca Pulp
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