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Caravan

A caravan is a group of travelers, often merchants, pilgrims, or migrants, journeying together across deserts, steppes, or other challenging terrains, typically employing pack animals such as camels or donkeys for transport and relying on collective strength for protection against bandits, wild animals, and environmental hazards.^[1]^[2] The term derives from the Persian kārvān, originally denoting a company on the march, and entered English via French and Italian in the late 16th century.^[2]^[1] Historically, caravans formed the backbone of overland trade networks, enabling the movement of commodities like silk, spices, salt, and gold over vast distances where individual travel was untenable due to risks and logistical demands.^[3] They were essential to routes such as the Silk Road linking East Asia to the Mediterranean and trans-Saharan paths connecting West Africa to North African ports, fostering not only economic exchange but also cultural diffusion, technological transfer, and the establishment of waystations known as caravanserais for rest and security.^[3] These expeditions, often numbering in the hundreds of participants and animals, exemplified adaptive strategies to arid climates and sparse resources, with camels' capacity to carry heavy loads over long periods without water proving decisive for viability.^[4] In contemporary usage, "caravan" retains its core connotation in contexts like nomadic pastoralist groups in regions such as the Middle East or Central Asia, but has also come to describe convoys of motor vehicles or, in British English, towed recreational trailers for camping.^[1] A notable modern application emerged in the late 2010s with large-scale migrant caravans originating in Central America, comprising thousands traversing Mexico toward the United States border, driven primarily by economic pressures, violence, and family reunification rather than uniform asylum claims from immediate persecution.^[5]^[6] These formations, which gained prominence during the 2018 U.S. midterm elections, have fueled controversies over border enforcement, with U.S. government assessments documenting diverse compositions—including single adults, families, and minors from multiple countries, alongside smaller subsets with prior criminal histories or non-economic motives—contrasting portrayals in some academic and media sources that emphasize humanitarian narratives while underemphasizing empirical indicators of organized migration dynamics or security risks.^[7]^[5] Such events highlight causal factors like weak origin-country governance and smuggling networks, rather than isolated crises, though their scale has varied, with post-2020 caravans often fragmenting en route due to Mexican interdictions and internal attrition.^[5]^[6]

Historical and Traditional Meanings

Etymology and Origins

The word caravan entered English in the 1590s, denoting a company of travelers journeying together across North Africa or western Asia, typically merchants or pilgrims banded for security.^[2] It derives from French caravane (attested by the 13th century), which traces via Old French carvane or Medieval Latin caravana to Arabic qairawān, ultimately from Persian kārvān ("group of desert travelers"), possibly akin to Sanskrit karabhah ("camel").^[2] The term's adoption in European languages coincided with Crusader-era encounters with Middle Eastern trade practices, reflecting organized groups moving with baggage-laden animals through hostile terrains to mitigate risks from raiders and scarcity.^[2] The underlying practice of caravan travel emerged in antiquity, predating the Persian linguistic root, as a pragmatic response to the perils of overland commerce in arid and steppe regions.^[8] Archaeological and textual evidence points to organized camel-based convoys along the Incense Route in southern Arabia by around 800 BCE, transporting luxury goods like frankincense and myrrh from Yemen's kingdoms—Qataban, Saba, and Himyar—to Mediterranean ports via oases such as Palmyra.^[9] These formations enabled bulk exchange across vast distances, with similar systems documented in the Near East and North Africa for salt, metals, and textiles, where pack animals like camels (domesticated by 2000 BCE) provided the carrying capacity absent in solitary voyages.^[10] By the 2nd century BCE, Han Dynasty expeditions formalized caravan routes along the Silk Road, integrating Central Asian steppes into Eurasian networks, though trans-Saharan variants show lead ingot traces suggesting pre-8th-century activity.^[11]

Trade and Pilgrimage Caravans

Trade caravans consisted of organized groups of merchants and their pack animals, such as camels or donkeys, traveling together across deserts or rugged terrains to facilitate long-distance commerce while providing mutual protection against bandits, harsh weather, and logistical challenges.^[10] These formations emerged in antiquity due to the impracticality of solo travel in regions lacking infrastructure, enabling the transport of bulky goods like spices, textiles, and metals over thousands of kilometers.^[12] The strategy relied on economies of scale, where shared risks and resources— including water, guides, and armed escorts—reduced per-unit costs and vulnerabilities inherent to arid environments.^[13] On the Silk Road, a network of overland routes spanning approximately 6,400 kilometers from China to the Mediterranean, caravans transported silk—produced in China since around 3,000 BCE—and other commodities like spices and precious stones from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.^[14] ^[15] These convoys, often numbering in the hundreds of animals, traversed Central Asian steppes and mountain passes, relying on seasonal timing to avoid extreme conditions and utilizing waystations known as caravanserais for rest and trade.^[3] In the Trans-Saharan trade, which peaked from the 9th century CE onward, camel caravans crossed the Sahara Desert carrying gold from West African mines, salt slabs from Taghaza, and ivory, with individual camels bearing up to 400 pounds over long distances or 1,200 pounds shorter hauls.^[13] ^[16] Explorer Ibn Battuta documented average caravans of 1,000 camels, though some exceeded 12,000, underscoring the scale required for viable exchange between North Africa and sub-Saharan regions.^[17] Pilgrimage caravans paralleled trade routes but prioritized religious observance, notably in the annual Hajj to Mecca, where groups assembled from distant cities like Cairo, Damascus, and Baghdad to perform obligatory Islamic rites.^[18] Ottoman authorities organized these from the 16th century, providing military escorts, water cisterns, and supply chains to safeguard thousands of pilgrims against Bedouin raids and desert hardships; for instance, a 1876 Damascus caravan included 6,000 participants and 10,000 animals.^[19] ^[20] Earlier, Mamluk rulers like Baibars in the 13th century fortified routes with security posts and logistics networks, reflecting state investment in pilgrimage as a pillar of legitimacy and economic activity intertwined with trade.^[21] In ancient Arabia, incense caravans from Yemen to the Levant, active from the 1st millennium BCE, similarly blended commerce and ritual, transporting frankincense and myrrh via camel trains to Mediterranean ports.^[9] These pilgrim groups often incorporated merchants, fostering incidental trade while emphasizing collective security and provisioning over profit maximization.^[10]

Role in Ancient and Medieval Economies

Trade caravans were essential for overland commerce in ancient economies, enabling the transport of high-value goods across vast distances where maritime routes were impractical or absent. Along the Silk Road, established during the Han Dynasty around 130 BCE, camel and pack-animal caravans linked China with Central Asia, Persia, and the Roman Empire, carrying silk, spices, precious metals, and ceramics eastward while returning with glassware, woolens, and metals. This network not only facilitated bulk exchange but also mitigated risks from bandits and harsh terrain through collective travel, with groups often numbering in the thousands of animals and hundreds of merchants. Cities such as Palmyra in Syria and Petra in Jordan prospered as caravan entrepôts, providing lodging, markets, and security that amplified regional wealth accumulation.^[22]^[23] The economic significance of these caravans extended to cultural and technological diffusion, as intermediaries at weigh stations and inns exchanged not just commodities but innovations like papermaking and navigational tools, underpinning fiscal systems reliant on tariffs and tolls. In the Roman era, for instance, caravan trade via the incense routes from Arabia Felix supplied myrrh and frankincense, commodities valued at premiums equivalent to gold weights, bolstering imperial revenues and elite consumption. Empirical evidence from archaeological hoards and tariff records indicates that such trade volumes sustained urban growth, with disruptions like Parthian wars temporarily halving silk imports to Rome around 53 BCE.^[24]^[22] In medieval economies, caravan systems persisted and expanded under Islamic caliphates from the 8th to 13th centuries, integrating the Silk Road's remnants with new networks like the trans-Saharan routes. These caravans, often comprising 1,000 to 10,000 camels, transported gold, ivory, slaves, and salt from West African savannas to North African ports, with the Mali Empire's annual salt-gold exchanges generating surpluses that funded monumental architecture and military expansions. By the 14th century, Mansa Musa's pilgrimage caravan of 60,000 persons and vast gold loads devalued Egyptian markets temporarily, illustrating the scale's macroeconomic ripple effects. Islamic rulers invested in caravanserais—fortified inns spaced every 20-30 miles—yielding tax revenues while fostering commerce that accounted for much of the era's global gold supply, estimated at two-thirds from sub-Saharan sources.^[16]^[25]^[26] European medieval trade relied less on vast desert caravans, favoring riverine and overland convoys for furs and amber from the Baltic to Mediterranean fairs, but Islamic intermediaries dominated bulk overland flows, exporting surplus agricultural outputs and importing slaves numbering up to 10,000 annually via Saharan routes. This asymmetry highlighted caravan trade's causal role in wealth concentration: prosperous hubs like Timbuktu emerged as intellectual centers from trade taxes, while route insecurities from nomadic raids periodically contracted volumes, as seen in the 11th-century Seljuk disruptions to Anatolian passages. Overall, these systems underscored causal dependencies on animal husbandry innovations, such as Bactrian camels for Eurasian steppes and dromedaries for African deserts, which lowered transport costs relative to alternatives and sustained pre-modern globalization.^[27]^[3]^[28]

Vehicle and Transport Applications

Towed Trailers and Mobile Homes

In regions such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and other Commonwealth countries, a caravan refers to a towed trailer equipped with living facilities, including sleeping areas, kitchens, and bathrooms, designed for temporary accommodation during travel or camping. These vehicles are hitched to a towing automobile and provide greater comfort and protection from weather compared to tent-based camping. Unlike motorized recreational vehicles prevalent in North America, towed caravans rely on a separate towing vehicle, emphasizing portability and integration with personal cars.^[29] The development of towed caravans traces back to the early 20th century, with initial designs emerging around 1914 when Frederick Alcock introduced the first streamlined towing caravan in Britain, coinciding with advancements in motor vehicle reliability. In Australia, caravans appeared shortly after, initially towed by horses or rudimentary automobiles for vacations or semi-permanent housing, with the oldest surviving example built in 1932 in South Australia. By the 1920s, manufacturers began exhibiting models at motor shows, marking the shift from bespoke constructions to more standardized production amid rising automobile ownership. Post-World War II economic recovery fueled widespread adoption, as affordable travel options appealed to middle-class families seeking leisure escapes.^[30]^[31]^[32] Towed caravans encompass two primary categories: touring caravans, which are lightweight and engineered for frequent hitching, unhitching, and road travel; and static caravans, also known as park homes or mobile homes in some contexts, which are transported to a site once—typically by specialized low-loader vehicles—and remain fixed thereafter. Touring models prioritize maneuverability, often weighing under 3,500 kg to comply with standard towing licenses, and feature foldable or aerodynamic designs for efficiency. Static variants, by contrast, are larger and more residential, with multiple bedrooms, full plumbing, and electricity hookups suited for holiday parks, though they lack road-legal running gear for regular towing. This distinction arose from practical needs: touring for nomadic use and static for cost-effective, semi-permanent retreats without ongoing transport hassles.^[33]^[34]^[35] The global market for caravans, predominantly towed models in non-U.S. contexts, reached approximately USD 17.8 billion in 2024, driven by demand for domestic tourism and outdoor recreation, with projections for a 4.1% compound annual growth rate through 2034. Sales surged during the 2020-2021 COVID-19 restrictions, as travel limitations boosted interest in self-contained holidays, though the sector faced subsequent supply chain pressures from material shortages. In the UK and Australia, annual unit sales exceed hundreds of thousands, supported by extensive networks of holiday parks and dealerships. Safety considerations include mandatory annual inspections for gas and electrical systems in static models and towing regulations, such as weight limits and hitch stability, to mitigate risks like sway or braking failures on highways.^[36]^[37]^[38]

Automobiles and Other Models

A motor caravan, commonly termed a motorhome in North America and parts of Europe or a campervan for smaller variants, is a self-propelled automobile designed for both transportation and temporary habitation, featuring integrated amenities such as beds, kitchenettes, and onboard toilets.^[39] These vehicles differ from towed caravans by incorporating their own propulsion system, typically a van, truck, or bus chassis, allowing independent mobility without a separate towing apparatus.^[40] In the United Kingdom, the legal distinction classifies a motor caravan as a "motor vehicle constructed or adapted for the purpose of sleeping therein," exempting it from certain trailer regulations applicable to non-motorized caravans.^[41] The origins of motor caravans trace to the early 1900s, when affluent enthusiasts modified existing automobiles for camping excursions; the first documented motorized campers emerged in 1910, predating widespread automobile ownership.^[42] By 1919, British manufacturer Eccles produced one of the earliest purpose-built motorized caravans, adapting coachbuilding techniques to create habitable vehicles towed or driven for leisure travel, though initial models retained hybrid towing elements.^[43] Post-World War II demand surged in the 1950s, fueled by economic recovery and the rise of leisure camping, with Volkswagen's Type 2 bus conversions becoming emblematic of the era's mobile lifestyle, offering compact, affordable self-propelled options for families.^[44] Motor caravans encompass several chassis-based models categorized by size and build: Class B variants, often van conversions like those on Mercedes-Benz Sprinter or Ford Transit bases, prioritize maneuverability for urban or off-road use, with lengths typically under 6 meters and capacities for 2-4 occupants.^[45] Larger Class C models extend over the cab for added headroom, utilizing truck chassis for 6-8 meter lengths suitable for extended trips, while Class A coachbuilt designs mimic buses, exceeding 8 meters with luxury features like slide-outs for expanded living space.^[42] Emerging innovations include electric self-propelled prototypes, such as the Pebble Flow, which entered production in 2025 with autonomous towing capabilities to reduce driver fatigue, though these remain niche amid dominant diesel and gasoline powertrains.^[46] Sales data indicate sustained popularity, with U.S. RV shipments reaching over 400,000 units annually by 2023, reflecting motor caravans' role in recreational travel amid rising fuel efficiency standards.^[47]

Migrant Caravans

Migrant caravans consist of large groups of individuals, predominantly from Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador, traveling en masse northward through Mexico toward the United States border, often seeking asylum or economic opportunities amid conditions of gang violence, poverty, and instability in their home countries. These formations emerged prominently in the late 2010s, with the practice predating but intensifying after 2017; Mexican authorities detected 30 such caravans between 2017 and December 2022, typically originating in northern Central America and traversing over 2,000 kilometers via highways and footpaths.^[5] Participants cite motivations including extortion by organized crime groups like MS-13 and Barrio 18, political repression, and environmental factors such as droughts exacerbating food insecurity, though many claims ultimately fail asylum scrutiny due to predominant economic drivers rather than verifiable persecution.^[48] ^[49] The most publicized caravan departed San Pedro Sula, Honduras, on October 12, 2018, initially comprising about 160 people mobilized via social media calls for collective travel to enhance safety against bandits and authorities; it swelled rapidly, reaching approximately 3,000 at the Guatemala-Mexico border by October 19 and an estimated 7,322 by October 22 according to United Nations observers.^[50] ^[51] Composition included families, women, and children alongside adult males, with Hondurans forming the majority; the group fragmented upon reaching Mexico, with subsets arriving at U.S. border points like Tijuana by late November, prompting clashes with Mexican forces and asylum processing backlogs.^[5] Subsequent caravans followed similar patterns, such as one launching from the same Honduran city on January 15, 2022, and others in 2019 and 2021, often growing in transit as stragglers joined for protection, though sizes varied from hundreds to several thousand.^[5] ^[52] While often described as spontaneous grassroots efforts, caravans have received logistical support from non-governmental organizations providing food, water, and medical aid during transit, including groups like Oxfam in Guatemala in 2018; U.S. taxpayer funds have indirectly flowed to such entities via programs like the United Nations' Regional Refugee and Migrant Response Plan, which allocated resources for shelter and transportation in host countries, though direct orchestration by foreign actors remains unverified and contested.^[53] ^[54] Mexican government data indicates caravans represent a fraction of overall irregular migration flows, with most participants dispersing before reaching the U.S. or being intercepted, yet their visibility has amplified debates over border management.^[5] Reports from U.S. Department of Homeland Security documented instances of known gang members and criminals within 2018 groups, underscoring infiltration risks amid the scale.^[7]

Security and Policy Implications

Migrant caravans have raised significant security concerns due to the challenges of vetting large, rapidly moving groups, which can include individuals with criminal histories or gang affiliations. In November 2018, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agents apprehended Wuilson Lazo-Ramos, a Honduran national in a caravan with MS-13 gang tattoos and a prior felony conviction, highlighting the presence of known threats amid broader migrant flows.^[55] During fiscal year 2018, coinciding with major caravan movements, CBP encountered 17,256 criminal noncitizens attempting illegal entry, including those with records of assault, drug offenses, burglary, rape, and child abuse, though the exact proportion from caravans remains unspecified.^[56] These incidents underscore how caravans, by overwhelming border resources, facilitate "got-aways"—estimated at 32% of illegal crossers evading detection in some analyses—which amplify risks of unvetted entrants, including potential terrorists or gang members, as vetting processes are bypassed in mass surges.^[57] The scale of caravans exacerbates operational strains on border security, leading to policy adaptations aimed at deterrence and enforcement. Caravans have repeatedly overwhelmed U.S. Border Patrol and Office of Field Operations, diverting agents from standard patrols and increasing vulnerabilities to smuggling networks controlled by cartels.^[5] In response, the Trump administration implemented the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), or "Remain in Mexico," in January 2019, requiring asylum seekers to await hearings in Mexico, which reduced illegal crossings by compelling Mexico to enhance its southern border controls and deploy its National Guard.^[58] This policy faced legal challenges and partial reversals under subsequent administrations, correlating with renewed surges; for instance, Biden-era rollbacks coincided with fiscal year 2024 encounters of 8,531 criminal noncitizens.^[59] Critics from enforcement-focused perspectives argue that lax asylum policies incentivize caravan formations as a tactic to exploit overwhelmed systems, eroding deterrence and straining federal resources estimated at hundreds of millions annually for processing alone.^[60] Broader policy implications include fiscal burdens and sovereignty challenges, as caravans highlight failures in international cooperation and domestic enforcement. Lifetime fiscal costs for unlawful entrants from such crises are projected at $1.15 trillion, factoring in welfare, education, and healthcare expenditures exceeding tax contributions from low-skilled migrants.^[61] Administrations have responded with measures like troop deployments—over 5,000 National Guard in 2018—and diplomatic pressure on origin countries, but inconsistent application has perpetuated cycles of mass migration.^[5] These dynamics reveal causal links between perceived policy leniency and caravan momentum, where economic pull factors in the U.S. combine with push factors like violence in origin countries, yet empirical data on criminal recidivism among released migrants supports stricter upfront vetting to mitigate public safety risks.^[62]

Cultural and Entertainment References

Music and Literature

"Caravan" is a jazz standard composed by trombonist Juan Tizol in collaboration with Duke Ellington, first performed by Ellington's orchestra in December 1936 at the Roseland Ballroom in New York City and recorded on the Brunswick label in 1937.^[63] The composition draws on Middle Eastern musical influences, featuring a distinctive trombone melody and exotic orchestration that evokes images of desert processions, reflecting Tizol's Puerto Rican heritage blended with Ellington's innovative arrangements.^[63] Irving Mills added lyrics in 1937, portraying a nocturnal journey through Eastern landscapes, though the instrumental version remains the most enduring. The tune has been recorded over 350 times by artists including Stan Kenton in 1946, Dizzy Gillespie in 1945, and more recently by the John Wilson Orchestra in 2022 arrangements.^[64] Other musical works titled "Caravan" include Van Morrison's 1970 track from the album Moondance, which reinterprets the theme with rock-infused energy and has been covered in live performances, such as at Morrison's 1974 Montreux appearances.^[65] The progressive rock band Caravan, formed in Canterbury, England, in 1968, produced albums like If I Could Do It All Over Again, I'd Do It All Over You (1970), incorporating pastoral and psychedelic elements without direct caravan theming but sharing the name's nomadic connotation.^[66] In literature, James A. Michener's novel Caravans (1963) follows American diplomat Mark Miller's investigation into a missing woman in post-World War II Afghanistan, highlighting tensions between Western individualism and Afghan tribal customs amid actual caravan routes. Idries Shah's Caravan of Dreams (1968), a collection of Sufi teaching stories and parables, uses the caravan metaphor to illustrate spiritual journeys and moral lessons drawn from Islamic and Middle Eastern traditions.^[67] Poems such as Clare Pollard's "The Caravan" (2011), from her collection Changeling, depict modern British caravan life with vivid imagery of transience and domesticity on rural moors.^[68] Sherwin Bitsui's "The Caravan" (published in Shapeshift , 2008) employs surreal Navajo-inflected prose to evoke urban alienation and ghostly processions.^[69]

Film, Television, and Games

Caravan (1946), directed by Arthur Crabtree, is a British melodrama produced by Gainsborough Pictures, adapting the 1942 novel Unmarried Voyage by Eleanor Smith; it centers on a man suffering amnesia who joins a gypsy caravan after being wounded, starring Stewart Granger and Jean Kent, and was released on May 1, 1946.^[70] Caravans (1978), an adventure drama directed by James Fargo and adapted from James A. Michener's 1963 novel, follows a U.S. diplomat (Michael Sarrazin) searching for a wayward American woman (Jennifer O'Neill) amid Persian tribal conflicts, filmed on location in Iran and released on December 8, 1978.^[71] The Czech road movie Caravan (2025), Zuzana Kirchnerová's debut feature, portrays a mother's escape to Italy in a recreational vehicle with her intellectually disabled son, premiering at the Cannes Film Festival's Un Certain Regard section on May 18, 2025, and earning a 100% approval rating from initial critics for its poetic exploration of resilience.^[72]^[73] In television, Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure (1984), a made-for-TV film directed by John Korty, depicts siblings aiding stranded Ewoks on Endor in a quest involving a mystical "caravan" of animal companions, airing on ABC on November 25, 1984, as the first live-action Star Wars spin-off produced by Lucasfilm. The Caravan (2016), an Australian mini-series spin-off from Offspring, follows family dynamics during a road trip in a caravan trailer, consisting of seven episodes broadcast on Network Ten starting July 13, 2016.^[74] New Zealand's Caravan of Life (2011), a seven-episode documentary series produced by Jam TV for TVNZ, profiles elderly residents in mobile homes, highlighting themes of independence and community, with episodes airing from October 2011.^[75] Video games featuring caravan mechanics often simulate trade convoys or mobile living. Caravan (2017), developed by Funcom, is a strategy-RPG hybrid where players lead a nomadic fellowship through deserts, managing resources, combat, and trading, released on August 2, 2017, for PC via Steam.^[76] Caravan SandWitch (2024), an indie exploration game by Antymony, involves piloting a spider-like caravan vehicle across a post-human world to solve puzzles and uncover lore, launching on September 12, 2024, for PlayStation 5 and PC.^[77] In Fallout: New Vegas (2010), Caravan is a non-combat card game mechanic inspired by real-world gambling, where players build three-card piles to outvalue opponents using numbered cards from 1 to 10, introduced by Obsidian Entertainment on October 19, 2010.^[78] Vagrus - The Riven Realms (2020), a turn-based RPG by Event Horizon, casts players as post-apocalyptic caravan leaders handling logistics, alliances, and threats in a fantasy wasteland, entering early access on July 2, 2020.^[79]

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Apr 8, 2021 · A caravan is towed by a vehicle, while a motorhome is self-contained. Caravans are generally cheaper, and both offer unique benefits.
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https://granthamcaravans.co.uk/caravan-v-motorhome-what-should-i-choose/
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Legal definition of Motorhome v caravan - Forums - Out & About Live
Jun 25, 2013 · ... motor caravan" and a motor caravan is legally defined by legislation. Clearly a motor caravan is different from a caravan and interestingly ...
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History of RVs - RVIA
“The first motorized campers were built in 1910,” says Woodworth, a preeminent collector of early RVs and RV camping memorabilia. “Before then, people camped in ...Missing: caravan definition
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History of the Campervan - Practical Motorhome
May 17, 2019 · The idea of a motorised caravan was first mooted, along with some bizarre designs. Using the principle of coachbuilt bodies, by 1919, the Eccles Motorised ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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A brief History on Motorhomes/Campervans
The invention of the Camper-van movement we see today dates to the 1950s, but this isn't long enough to be considered history so we must go back further to ...
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The 16 Best Camper Vans for Road-Tripping in Style - Robb Report
Mar 31, 2025 · For those who want more flexibility, there's the off-road-ready Tiffin GH1. Based on the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2500, the vehicle stretches 19.5 ...
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The Pebble Flow rolls in: The future of caravaning? - Motor1.com
Jan 30, 2025 · The Pebble Flow is not the only self-propelled electric caravan. The ... Popular models; Toyota RAV4 · BMW M5 · Toyota bZ · Chevrolet Corvette ...
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A Brief History of RVs - Transwest
Sep 13, 2024 · Throughout 20th-century American history, the RV has grown to symbolize adventure and the nomadic spirit. Today, RV and campervan sales are ...Missing: caravan definition
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[PDF] The Migrant Caravan: From Honduras to Tijuana
The author argues the steady deterrence of migrants in transit in Mexican territory and along the US-. Mexico border has resulted in a new grassroots response: ...
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Fact Sheet: The Migrant Caravan - Immigrant Law Center of Minnesota
Oct 29, 2018 · The caravan offered safety on a route where many Central American migrants have disappeared or been kidnapped, and a way to circumvent the high ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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The migrant caravan, explained - Vox
Oct 25, 2018 · A group of Central American migrants hundreds of miles from the US border became Trump's closing election argument.
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Key facts about the migrant and refugee caravans making their way ...
Nov 16, 2018 · The BBC reported that on 12 October 2018, around 160 people gathered at a bus terminal in the Honduran city of San Pedro Sula, ready to begin ...
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Migrant caravans and the time of pilgrimage | Migration Studies
Jun 27, 2025 · Migrant caravans have moved throughout Central America and Mexico for decades, although they make up a small portion of daily migration, and ...Migrant Caravans And The... · 2. Tracing Migrant Caravans · 3. Border Regimes...
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Oxfam helping people in migrant caravan stranded in Guatemala ...
Oct 24, 2018 · As thousands of migrants attempt to make their way to the United States, Oxfam and its local partners are responding with essential aid for ...
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As Trump 2.0 Approaches, NGOs Continue To Fund Mass Migration ...
Jan 14, 2025 · New UN planning docs show billions of dollars budgeted for debit cards, transportation, shelter, food and cash.
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Border Patrol Agents Arrest Caravan Member with MS-13 Ties
Nov 30, 2018 · During processing, agents identified the man as 30-year-old Wuilson Lazo-Ramos, a Honduran national with MS-13 gang tattoos and a felony ...Missing: threats elements
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Number of Criminals in Migrant Caravan - Does It Matter? - VOA
Dec 5, 2018 · “This includes individuals known to law enforcement for assault, battery, drug crimes, burglary, rape, child abuse and more. This is serious,” ...
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Report: Just 68% of Illegal Border Crossers Get Caught
Jul 30, 2021 · Commentary Editor Conn Carroll cites an analysis that estimates just 68 percent of migrants entering illegally at the Southwest border are actually apprehended.
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The “Migrant Protection Protocols”: an Explanation of the Remain in ...
Feb 1, 2024 · Citing widespread reports of severe human rights violations, high costs, an increase in repeat border crossings, and serious logistical problems ...Missing: caravans | Show results with:caravans
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CBP Enforcement Statistics Fiscal Year 2024
Criminal noncitizens encountered at ports of entry are inadmissible, absent extenuating circumstances, and represent a subset of total OFO inadmissibles. U.S. ...Missing: caravans | Show results with:caravans<|separator|>
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How much is the migrant crisis costing American taxpayers?
Nov 7, 2023 · The border crisis is costing the government hundreds of millions of dollars and now major U.S. cities are asking for even more support.
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The Lifetime Fiscal Impact of Immigrants - Manhattan Institute
Sep 19, 2024 · The original analysis in this report finds that the border crisis will cost an estimated $1.15 trillion over the lifetime of the new unlawful ...
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[PDF] Biden's Border Crisis: Examining Policies that Encourage Illegal ...
A number of the Biden Administration's policies have incentivized illegal migration, eroded the security of our borders, and undermined U.S. efforts to build ...
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Jazz Standards Songs and Instrumentals (Caravan)
As with many of Duke Ellington's compositions the idea originated with one of his musicians. In the case of “Caravan” it was trombonist Juan Tizol. Ellington is ...
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Caravan - Wind Repertory Project
Jul 14, 2024 · Caravan is an American jazz standard that was composed by Juan Tizol and Duke Ellington and first performed by Ellington in 1936. Irving ...
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Caravan (2013 Remaster) - YouTube
Feb 9, 2017 · Provided to YouTube by Warner Records Caravan (2013 Remaster) · Van Morrison Moondance ℗ 2013 Warner Records Inc ... The Best of Van Morrison ( ...
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Top 5/10/whatever Caravan Songs - Progressive Rock Music Forum
Feb 11, 2015 · 1) Nine feet underground · 2) Place of my own · 3) Where but for caravan would I · 4) Can't be long now · 5) L'Auberge Du Sanglier.
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Caravan of Dreams by Idries Shah
Caravan of Dreams is a magical anthology that brings the reader closer to the spiritual essence of the Middle Eastern and Islamic wisdom traditions.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Poem of the week: The Caravan by Clare Pollard - The Guardian
Oct 3, 2011 · "The Caravan", from Clare Pollard's new collection, Changeling, is an exuberant and almost windswept poem.
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The Caravan by Sherwin Bitsui - Poems | Academy of American Poets
The city's neon embers stripe the asphalt's blank page where this story pens itself nightly; where ghosts weave their oily hair into his belt of ice,
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Caravan (1946) - IMDb
Rating 6.2/10 (265) Dashing Stewart Granger and sneering Dennis Price love the same blonde maiden from childhood. But Granger ends up wounded with amnesia in a gypsy CARAVAN and ...
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Caravans movie review & film summary (1979) - Roger Ebert
Rating 2/4 · Review by Roger EbertA young man from the American Embassy (Michael Sarrazin) is sent out into the furthermost provinces of Persia to seek out the daughter (Jennifer O'Neill) of an ...Missing: titled | Show results with:titled
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Cannes Un Certain Regard Title 'Caravan' Boarded by Alpha Violet
Apr 22, 2025 · Paris-based sales outfit Alpha Violet has acquired world distribution rights to “Caravan,” a first feature by Czech director Zuzana Kirchnerová.
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Caravan (2025) - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 100% (13) The poetic road movie Caravan tells the story of 45 year-old Ester, who no longer wants to be just a mother to a son with an intellectual disability.
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Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure - Wikipedia
The Ewok Adventure is a 1984 American television film based in the Star Wars universe. It takes place on the moon of Endor, and features the Ewoks.
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The Caravan (TV Series 2016– ) - IMDb
Spin-off mini-series for the Australian tv show "OFFSPRING". Details. Edit · Release date · July 13, 2016 (Australia). Country of origin.
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Caravan of LIfe | Series | Television - NZ On Screen
Seven half-hour episodes were produced by Jane Andrews and Jam TV for TVNZ. Critic Karl du Fresne called the series a "modest little gem". Caravan ...
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Caravan on Steam
Rating 3.5 (673) Caravan combines strategy with RPG elements resulting in a trading and exploration game packed with suspense and challenges.
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Caravan SandWitch - Launch Trailer | PS5 Games - YouTube
Sep 12, 2024 · https://store.playstation.com/concept/10010538 Caravan SandWitch, the new exploration cozy game is available new on PS5®!
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Caravan (game) - Fallout Wiki - Fandom
Caravan is played with two players building three opposing piles (or "caravans") of numbered cards. The goal is to outbid your opponent's caravan.
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open world RPG, fantasy post-apocalyptic caravan master - Games
Jul 2, 2020 · Vagrus is a fantasy post-apocalyptic open-world RPG where you play as a caravan master, managing logistics, trading, and resource management.