Lebo M
, known professionally as Lebo M, is a South African composer, producer, arranger, and vocalist best known for infusing African musical elements into global soundtracks, particularly through his Zulu chants and choral arrangements on Disney's The Lion King.[1][2] Born in Soweto, Johannesburg, Morake began performing without formal music training after leaving school young, eventually emigrating to the United States where he collaborated with artists like Hans Zimmer on the 1994 The Lion King film, writing and performing the opening "Circle of Life" chant that defined its authentic African sound.[2][3] His work extended to the Broadway production, spin-off albums such as Rhythm of the Pride Lands (1995), and subsequent Lion King projects, earning him a Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children in 1995.[4] Beyond The Lion King, Lebo M has composed for films including Congo (1995) and Tears of the Sun (2003), released solo albums like Deeper Meaning (1997), and received lifetime achievement honors from South African Music Awards, cementing his role in bridging traditional African rhythms with international pop and film scores.[5][6]Early life
Childhood in apartheid-era South Africa
Lebohang Morake, professionally known as Lebo M, was born on July 11, 1964, in Tladi, Soweto, a township on the outskirts of Johannesburg, South Africa, under the apartheid regime's systemic racial segregation.[2][7] Apartheid laws, enforced from 1948 to 1994, classified black South Africans as inferior, restricting their movement, education, and economic prospects to underdeveloped townships like Soweto, where infrastructure was deliberately substandard and opportunities scarce for non-whites.[8] Morake's family exemplified these constraints, ranking among the area's poorest, with his father's alcoholism exacerbating financial instability and daily hardships.[7] As a self-taught musical prodigy without formal training, Morake immersed himself in Soweto's vibrant township music culture amid these limitations, which offered few viable paths for black youth beyond informal pursuits.[9] By age nine, he had begun performing as a background singer in Johannesburg nightclubs, leaving school amid political instability that frequently disrupted education in black communities.[10] This early exposure to local genres and live venues honed his vocal and improvisational skills, though apartheid's curfews, pass laws, and cultural suppression confined such activities to underground or semi-clandestine settings, reflecting the regime's control over black expression and assembly.[10]Early musical experiences and emigration
Morake began performing music professionally at the age of nine in Johannesburg nightclubs, having left school to pursue singing American R&B and rock standards despite lacking formal training.[10] He later performed regularly at Soweto's Club Pelican, a prominent venue akin to Harlem's Cotton Club, and joined early bands that secured gigs in local nightclubs while he attended school intermittently.[11] These experiences exposed him to live performance amid the constraints of apartheid-era restrictions on black artists, fostering his blend of township jazz and international influences. In 1979, at age 16, Morake left South Africa for neighboring Lesotho amid escalating anti-apartheid riots and political violence, initially seeking opportunities at a new nightclub but driven by broader instability under the regime's racial segregation policies.[10] [11] Following an acquaintance's suggestion, he emigrated to the United States shortly thereafter, arriving in Los Angeles in the early 1980s with limited resources and no established network, motivated by prospects for freer artistic expression and economic survival unavailable under apartheid. Upon arrival, Morake faced severe adaptation challenges, including periods of homelessness where he lived on Los Angeles streets and in bus stations for nearly two years while scraping by on menial jobs such as car washing.[12] [13] He persisted in music pursuits by interning as a studio runner for acquaintances, leveraging informal connections to gain entry into production environments despite initial poverty and cultural dislocation.[13]Career
Initial forays into music production
Upon arriving in Los Angeles as a refugee in the early 1980s, Lebo M supported himself through manual labor, including work at a car wash, while seeking entry into the music industry.[13] He secured an internship at the studio of South African expatriate producer Hilton Rosenthal, known for his work with Johnny Clegg, where Lebo M functioned as a runner and assistant, handling tasks such as fetching tea, making coffee, and cleaning.[14] [13] This position provided initial exposure to professional recording environments, allowing Lebo M to experiment with studio equipment during after-hours sessions despite his lack of formal training at the time.[13] Through Rosenthal and other South African diaspora figures in Los Angeles, he began cultivating industry contacts within expatriate networks, which emphasized connections rooted in shared cultural backgrounds rather than established American credentials.[14] These early efforts marked Lebo M's transition from performer to aspiring producer, though documented production credits from this pre-1990s phase are scarce, reflecting the challenges of breaking into U.S. studios as an undocumented immigrant with limited resources.[10] Periods of homelessness, including sleeping at bus stations around 1985, underscored the precarious nature of these initial forays.[10]Hollywood entry and collaborations
Lebohang Morake, known professionally as Lebo M, transitioned into Hollywood film scoring in the early 1990s through targeted networking in Los Angeles, leveraging his expertise in South African choral traditions and production skills honed in exile. Introduced to composer Hans Zimmer via the music supervisor for the 1992 film The Power of One, directed by John G. Avildsen, Lebo M provided vocal arrangements and performances that integrated African percussive elements and ululation into the score, marking his initial mainstream film credit.[2] This collaboration highlighted his capacity to adapt indigenous sounds to cinematic contexts, distinct from prevailing orchestral norms, and was credited on tracks like "Mother Africa," which fused township rhythms with Zimmer's hybrid orchestration.[15] The Power of One soundtrack, released in 1992, featured Lebo M's arrangements of traditional choral pieces alongside Zimmer's compositions, emphasizing themes of resilience in apartheid-era South Africa that aligned with the film's narrative of a young boxer's anti-racism efforts.[16] His contributions extended beyond mere vocal layering, involving the direction of ensembles to evoke authentic Zulu and Xhosa influences, which Zimmer later described as essential for the score's emotional depth. This project, produced under Working Title Films and distributed by Warner Bros., grossed over $73 million worldwide despite mixed reviews, providing Lebo M visibility among Hollywood's scoring elite. Building on this foundation, Lebo M's pre-Lion King engagements included vocal and production input on Quincy Jones's 1990 album Back on the Block, which featured film-adjacent crossover tracks with artists like Ella Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughan, further demonstrating his fusion approach. By the mid-1990s, Zimmer's endorsement positioned Lebo M for scouting by major studios, including early Disney inquiries into African-infused sound design, though his Power of One work solidified the African-Western synthesis that defined his entry trajectory. These efforts relied on deliberate application of his multilingual vocal production skills rather than incidental opportunities, establishing a replicable model for ethnic authenticity in global blockbusters.[17]Pivotal role in The Lion King franchise
Lebo M was recruited by composer Hans Zimmer to incorporate authentic African choral elements into the 1994 animated film The Lion King, focusing on chants and vocal performances that fused traditional South African styles like mbube with the orchestral score.[2] [18] He created and performed the opening Zulu chant "Nants' ingonyama bagithi Baba" for the song "Circle of Life," translating to "Here comes a lion, father," which set the cultural tone for the film's prologue.[8] [19] These contributions extended to additional vocal arrangements across the soundtrack, enhancing its rhythmic and thematic depth.[20] For the 1997 Broadway adaptation of The Lion King, Lebo M supplied additional music and lyrics, alongside vocal arrangements and choral direction, ensuring cultural authenticity in performances worldwide.[13] He also produced cast recordings, including Japanese and Hamburg versions, and performed on albums like Rhythm of the Pride Lands, a companion to the original soundtrack featuring African-inspired tracks.[3] His ongoing involvement in sequels, such as direct-to-video releases, included similar arrangement and vocal work to maintain the franchise's signature sound.[2] Lebo M returned for the 2024 prequel Mufasa: The Lion King, collaborating on the soundtrack with composers Lin-Manuel Miranda and Mark Mancina, providing vocals and performances that echoed his original African infusions.[8] [21] Despite reported personal frustrations regarding credit and compensation in franchise dealings, his technical input persisted, as highlighted in production featurettes.[22] These efforts measurably amplified global exposure to African music traditions; the original film's soundtrack earned an Academy Award for Best Original Score and multiple Grammy Awards for Zimmer's compositions, while the franchise's cumulative box office exceeded $1.6 billion by 1998, correlating with increased international interest in South African choral styles.[23] [24]Post-Lion King projects and global work
In 1995, Lebo M released Rhythm of the Pride Lands, an 11-track album emphasizing African musical elements through compositions he co-created with collaborators including Jay Rifkin and Hans Zimmer, featuring songs such as "He Lives in You" and "Kube."[25] The project extended his production style into standalone recordings, achieving commercial release via Disney and garnering attention for its choral arrangements and fusion of traditional South African sounds with orchestral elements.[26] Lebo M's international engagements expanded in the late 2000s, culminating in his role as co-executive producer for the musical elements of the 2010 FIFA World Cup ceremonies in South Africa, where he contributed to the opening event's performances blending global and local artists.[27] Despite reported internal conflicts with production partners, he publicly disputed claims of being sacked, affirming his ongoing involvement until withdrawing from the closing ceremony amid a feud over creative and financial terms.[28][29] In the 2020s, Lebo M ventured into reality television with Lebo M: Coming Home, a Showmax original series that premiered on December 2, 2020, chronicling his relocation to South Africa, family dynamics, and professional transitions with his ex-wife Angela and children.[30] The show, which aired additional seasons including on Mzansi Magic in 2021 and 2024, highlighted personal challenges alongside his mentorship of emerging artists.[31] Musically, he sustained global output through soundtrack contributions, such as to The Woman King (2022), and live fusion performances, including a collaborative concert with Hans Zimmer in Cape Town on April 18, 2025, marking his debut solo show in South Africa with a 90-minute set drawing on African rhythms and international orchestral arrangements.[32][33] This event, produced under his direction, featured reinterpreted tracks from prior works and new material, underscoring his continued emphasis on cross-cultural musical synthesis.[34]Business ventures
Establishment of Till Dawn Entertainment
Till Dawn Entertainment was founded by Lebohang Morake, professionally known as Lebo M, in Johannesburg, South Africa, to oversee music and theater productions in the post-apartheid era. The company emerged as a platform for channeling his expertise in African-infused entertainment, enabling local staging of global projects amid economic transitions that posed risks such as volatile funding and market development in a newly democratized landscape.[35] A primary operation involved co-producing the South African premiere of The Lion King stage adaptation in 2007, which localized the Disney production for its cultural roots and drew over 550,000 attendees, demonstrating the firm's capacity for large-scale artist coordination and rights management.[35][17][36] The entity focused on talent scouting and development within African music genres, facilitating fusions that extended Lebo M's production model beyond individual credits, though verifiable revenue structures, including any direct allocation of The Lion King franchise royalties, align more closely with his personal catalog dealings as of recent publishing acquisitions.[37]Concert productions and industry initiatives
Till Dawn Entertainment, Lebo M's production company, has organized several live concert events aimed at showcasing African musical heritage. In February 2025, the company executive-produced Lebo M's first live concert in South Africa, held in Cape Town and featuring special guest Hans Zimmer, along with performers such as Mi Casa and a tribute segment to Ladysmith Black Mambazo founder Joseph Shabalala.[38][39] The event, presented in partnership with Aline, highlighted Lebo M's career spanning film scores and live performances, drawing an audience for a sold-out production.[40] A key production was the African Icons Tribute Concert on September 24, 2025, in Durban, honoring the legacy of Joseph Shabalala, founder of Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Organized by Till Dawn Entertainment to coincide with Heritage Day, the event featured performances by groups like Amabhubesi and emphasized South African vocal harmony traditions, attracting a capacity crowd despite logistical challenges in venue setup at a local cinema complex.[41][42][43] In terms of industry initiatives, Lebo M has pursued projects to promote South African music internationally through Till Dawn's efforts, including live events that fuse local talent with global collaborators like Zimmer to expand African sounds beyond borders. Additionally, the 2020 reality series "Lebo M Comes Home," a 10-part production documenting his return to South Africa, spotlighted emerging local artists and his production work, contributing to visibility for South African music export by airing personal and professional insights into the industry.[44] These undertakings align with Lebo M's role as a cultural ambassador, leveraging concerts to bridge African traditions with worldwide audiences.[45]Controversies and disputes
Financial and professional conflicts
In September 2025, Lebo M, through his company Till Dawn Entertainment, ended its professional association with longtime collaborator Sibo Mhlungu following an audit of bank statements that allegedly revealed discrepancies totaling R25 million in unaccounted funds related to joint entertainment projects.[46] Mhlungu, who had served as a key associate in production and management roles, denied the accusations of misappropriation, attributing the split to unrelated professional differences and rejecting claims of any smear campaign initiated by Morake.[47] [48] The dispute escalated into legal proceedings, with Mhlungu, alongside IMG (a global events firm), media personality Anele Mdoda, and producer Vukile Anele Zondi, filing an urgent court application on September 25, 2025, seeking an interdict to halt what they described as defamatory social media statements by Lebo M.[49] [50] Mhlungu specifically aimed to prevent further public allegations that could damage his reputation in the industry.[51] In response, Lebo M and Till Dawn secured a court victory by September 26, 2025, dismissing the interdict and affirming their position in the matter, though details of any financial restitution remain unresolved in public records.[43] This conflict highlights tensions in Lebo M's business operations, particularly around financial oversight in collaborative ventures, but Mhlungu's side maintains the claims lack substantiation and stem from contractual disputes rather than proven malfeasance.[52] No criminal charges have been reported as of October 2025, with both parties continuing to operate independently in South Africa's entertainment sector.[53]Personal allegations and legal battles
In April 2025, Lebo M, whose full name is Lebohang Morake, initiated a criminal case against his estranged fourth wife, Pretty Samuels, accusing her of theft and fraud involving a historic Blüthner grand piano originally purchased for R80,000 but appraised at around R1.2 million due to its age and provenance.[54] [55] He alleged that Samuels orchestrated the instrument's removal from his Johannesburg home and its sale on the black market for as little as R15,000, despite no inclusion of the piano in their divorce settlement.[56] [57] Samuels countered that the piano was legitimately hers as part of the asset division and dismissed the theft narrative as fabricated.[58] Morake secured an interdict and prevailed in the related court battle by late April 2025, affirming his ownership claim.[59] [60] The piano dispute escalated with mutual public accusations, including Samuels' social media posts in early 2025 labeling Morake a tax fraudster and abuser, prompting him to obtain a gag order in May 2025 prohibiting further such statements.[61] [62] Morake denied the abuse allegations in court filings, characterizing them as retaliatory amid ongoing spousal maintenance payments exceeding R500,000 to Samuels.[63] [64] Similar patterns emerged in conflicts with other ex-partners, such as Sibo Mhlungu, who in September 2025 sought a court interdict against Morake to halt alleged defamatory social media claims tied to a financial fallout involving disputed millions in funds.[50] [52] These cases highlight recurring litigation over assets and reputational harm in Morake's post-divorce interactions, though outcomes have generally favored his legal positions through interdicts and rulings.[65]Personal life
Marriages, relationships, and family
Lebohang Morake, known professionally as Lebo M, has been married four times. His first marriage was to Viveca Gipson, which lasted five years.[66] He subsequently married Nandi Ndlovu, a union that endured for 11 years and produced three children, including Refilwe.[67] This was followed by a brief marriage to Angela Ngani-Casara.[68] His fourth marriage, to Pretty Samuels (also known as Pretty Angeline Morake), began on February 26, 2021, but the couple became estranged by 2023, with ongoing separation dynamics reported into 2025.[69][70] Morake has pursued multiple engagements beyond his marriages, including an eighth reported proposal in 2021.[66] In 2019, he became engaged to Malefu "Mel" Ntsala, but the relationship ended in 2020; they rekindled and announced a second engagement in June 2025 during a trip to Dubai, only for it to dissolve three months later in September 2025.[71] Shortly thereafter, in September 2025, Morake proposed to American influencer Tatiana "Besso" Dixon.[72] Morake is father to or has helped raise nine children across his relationships, though one child tragically passed away.[73] His children include Zakiya and Nthabiseng from an early union, as well as Refilwe from his marriage to Ndlovu.[74] Following years in the United States, Morake has documented efforts since at least 2021 to repatriate and reunite his family in South Africa, emphasizing paternal stability amid relational transitions.[75] Some children have engaged with music, such as his youngest daughter Lulonke, whom he introduced to a township children's orchestra in December 2023.[76] In September 2025, Morake stated his priority remains safeguarding his children's well-being over pursuing further marriages.[77]Health challenges and public persona
Lebo M has publicly discussed the profound stresses of his early career, including homelessness upon arriving in Los Angeles in the mid-1980s as a political exile from apartheid-era South Africa, where he slept in a Greyhound bus terminal amid financial desperation and cultural dislocation.[12] These experiences, detailed in interviews, highlight survival challenges that tested his physical and mental resilience before his breakthrough with The Lion King.[78] His nomadic lifestyle, spanning residences in Johannesburg, South Africa, and Los Angeles, United States, underscores a professional existence tied to international projects, with occasional stays in Dubai for personal and business matters, such as a 2025 engagement proposal.[79][80] Lebo M projects a public persona as an unyielding pioneer of African musical fusion, branding himself the "spirit of The Lion King" through authentic Zulu chants and choral arrangements that elevated global soundtracks while rooting them in South African traditions.[81][82] He advocates for HIV prevention via the Lebo M Foundation, established to address child welfare and epidemic impacts in sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting a socially conscious image amid his commercial successes.[35] Academic analyses of his contributions note tensions in blending indigenous elements with Western commercialization, praising his insistence on vocal authenticity yet questioning broader Disney adaptations' dilution of cultural depth for mass appeal.[83]Legacy and impact
Contributions to African music fusion
Lebo M's integration of traditional Zulu vocal traditions, including mbube chants and isicathamiya choral harmonies, with Western symphonic orchestration marked a pivotal innovation in African music fusion during the 1990s. In the 1994 soundtrack for Disney's The Lion King, he provided the opening isiZulu chant "Nants' ingonyama bagithi Baba" for "Circle of Life," layering raw, unaccompanied Zulu-style vocals over Hans Zimmer's score to evoke an authentic savanna atmosphere.[84] This approach adapted elements from Solomon Linda's 1939 mbube composition, transforming a cappella township-derived styles into a hybrid form suitable for global film audiences.[85] The stylistic fusion emphasized causal linkages between indigenous South African rhythms and harmonic structures—such as the polyphonic, unhurried cadences of isicathamiya, originally performed by migrant worker choirs—with pop-orchestral frameworks, avoiding dilution of the former's cultural specificity. Lebo M's arrangements preserved the improvisational and call-response dynamics of these traditions while synchronizing them with narrative cues, as seen in his one-take recording of the Lion King opener, which set a template for embedding African authenticity in Western media without exoticization.[86] This method influenced traceable adoptions in subsequent soundtracks, where similar choral overlays became standard for African-themed productions. Post-apartheid, Lebo M's work accelerated the globalization of these fused sounds by bridging isolated South African genres to international platforms, coinciding with his return from exile in the early 1990s. The Lion King franchise's enduring output, including his arrangement of additional African choral elements for the 2024 Mufasa: The Lion King soundtrack alongside Lin-Manuel Miranda, demonstrates ongoing causal impact, with Zulu-inspired vocals integrated into contemporary R&B-infused tracks like those drawing from 1990s influences.[21] Empirical traces include the soundtrack's role in sustaining streams for mbube-derived motifs, contributing to over 23 million views on Lebo M's related YouTube content as of recent metrics.[87] Such integrations empirically expanded the palette for genres like afro-fusion, where traditional chants inform modern electronic and pop hybrids without supplanting core Western dominance.Recognition, awards, and criticisms of acclaim
Lebo M, born Lebohang Morake, earned a Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children in 1995 for his work on Rhythm of the Pride Lands, a companion album to Disney's The Lion King soundtrack featuring African-inspired arrangements.[88] He has received multiple South African Music Awards (SAMAs), including two lifetime achievement honors recognizing his contributions to the fusion of African musical elements with global productions.[89][4] In addition to these, Morake was nominated for an Academy Award as part of the The Lion King scoring team and received a Tony Award for his vocal arrangements in the Broadway adaptation.[90] The South African Consulate General honored him in November 2022 during the 25th anniversary celebrations of The Lion King on Broadway, acknowledging his role in elevating South African sounds internationally.[91] Further recognitions include the Cultural Innovator Award presented by Shared Interest in December 2024 for his impact on cultural expression through music, and the Ubuntu Arts and Culture Award for outstanding contributions to South African heritage.[92][93] While these accolades highlight Morake's pioneering role in globalizing African choral and rhythmic traditions, some observers have questioned the attribution of acclaim in collaborative projects like The Lion King, where his Zulu chants and vocal contributions—such as the opening "Nants ingonyama bagithi Baba"—were integrated with Hans Zimmer's orchestration and Tim Rice's lyrics, leading to shared credits rather than sole ownership.[84] No public disputes over residuals or primary credit have emerged between Morake and Disney or Zimmer, though his involvement in prolonged personal legal battles over royalty shares from The Lion King-related assets has occasionally overshadowed discussions of his artistic merits.[94] Debates on authenticity persist in broader critiques of commercial African fusion, with proponents praising its accessibility and detractors arguing it prioritizes market appeal over unadulterated traditional forms, though Morake's work has largely evaded direct reproach in this regard.[95]Works
Filmography
| Year | Title | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | The Power of One | Co-composed soundtrack tracks including "Mother Africa," "Rainmaker," and "The Penny Whistle Song" with Hans Zimmer; provided vocals and arrangements.[96][2] |
| 1994 | The Lion King | Arranged and performed Zulu chants and vocals for "Circle of Life"; conducted African choir; contributed to overall soundtrack with Hans Zimmer.[3][2] |
| 1995 | Congo | Composer for select musical elements.[5][3] |
| 1995 | Outbreak | Contributed to soundtrack production.[3] |
| 1998 | The Lion King II: Simba's Pride | Provided vocal performances and arrangements for direct-to-video sequel soundtrack.[6] |
| 2003 | Tears of the Sun | Composer for additional music and African choral elements.[5] |
| 2024 | Mufasa: The Lion King | Arranged African choir; composed and performed choral pieces including "Ngomso" and contributions to songs like "Home."[97][98] |
Discography
Lebo M's discography primarily consists of albums featuring his compositions and productions that fuse African traditional elements with pop, gospel, and world music influences, often in collaboration with Disney for Lion King-related projects. Key albums- Rhythm of the Pride Lands (1995, Walt Disney Records), a 11-track album of original songs inspired by The Lion King, co-composed by Lebo M with Jay Rifkin and Hans Zimmer, including standout tracks like "He Lives in You" and a version of "Hakuna Matata" featuring Jimmy Cliff.[99][26]
- Deeper Meaning (1997, Gallo Records), a 12-track studio album released in South Africa, showcasing tracks such as "No Fear," "African Bride," and "Kube," emphasizing Lebo M's vocal and production style in genres spanning hip hop, reggae, and African folk.[100][101]
- Lebo M Presents: Open Summahhh Open Happiness (2009), a promotional compilation tied to a Coca-Cola campaign, featuring Lebo M's arrangements of upbeat, summery tracks with African rhythms.[102]
- Contributions to Mufasa: The Lion King (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (2024, Walt Disney Records), co-credited with Lin-Manuel Miranda on select tracks incorporating Zulu chants and orchestral elements, released in conjunction with the film's December premiere.[103]