Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Levent

Levent is a neighborhood in the district of , , located on the European side of the city along the central business corridor near and . It serves as a major financial and commercial hub in the Maslak-Levent district, featuring high-rise skyscrapers such as the —a prominent building at 261 meters and 64 floors, completed in 2010—and the Sabancı Center, a 158-meter, 39-floor complex finished in 1993. With a of 2,911 as of 2022, Levent combines upscale residential areas with , banks, and shopping malls like Kanyon, attracting professionals and offering modern amenities. The area's name derives from the naval infantry known as "Levents," elite soldiers whose term originated from the "Levantino," meaning "of the East." Historically, it began as farmland called Levend Çiftliği in the late , gifted by Abdulhamid I to an admiral; by the 1790s, Selim III established the first military barracks of the Nizam-ı Cedid () Army there, marking its early transformation from rural land. In the mid-20th century, Levent developed into a residential zone primarily for middle-income citizens, such as civil servants and teachers, before evolving into a prominent business district by the 1980s with the rise of skyscrapers and corporate presence along Büyükdere Avenue. Today, Levent's economy thrives as a key center for finance, hosting numerous multinational company offices, banks, and pharmaceutical facilities like those of . Its residential landscape features luxurious apartments and advanced infrastructure, appealing to high-income residents and celebrities. Transportation is well-connected via the M2 metro line, including stations like Gayrettepe and Levent, providing links to and central , as well as proximity to major bridges like the 15 July Martyrs Bridge. Notable landmarks include the Levent Mosque, a historic , the nearby Khedive Palace, and shopping destinations such as Özdilek Park and Kanyon Mall, which blend retail, dining, and entertainment in a vibrant urban setting. The district also benefits from its closeness to nine universities, including and Galatasaray, and hospitals like Bayındır, underscoring its role in education and healthcare.

Geography and Location

Position within Istanbul

Levent is situated at coordinates 41°04′55″N 29°00′57″E within the district of Province, , covering an area of approximately 1.09 km². This neighborhood occupies a strategic position on the European side of , lying north of the and directly along the western shore of the Bosphorus Strait. As a sub-neighborhood of the municipality, Levent integrates seamlessly into the surrounding urban fabric, bordering affluent areas such as to the north and Ulus to the west, forming a cohesive corridor of residential and commercial development along the Bosphorus.

Boundaries and Topography

Levent is bordered to the north by Gayrettepe in , to the south by the central neighborhoods of such as Levazım and Konaklar, to the east by and parts of Esentepe in and , and to the west by the Bosphorus Strait, with intervening areas like providing a transitional zone toward the shoreline. The topography of Levent consists of a gently sloping that ascends from the Bosphorus waterfront, characterized by low-angle slopes and forming the Levent Plateau, with elevations ranging from near at the coastal edges to an average of 114 meters and up to 130-140 meters in the plateau interior. Urban density patterns in Levent reflect a framework that prioritizes high-rise developments in the central core along key corridors like Büyükdere Avenue, where commercial and mixed-use towers create intense built-up areas, while the peripheral edges feature lower-density residential zones with mid-rise apartments and green buffers to mitigate overcrowding.

History

Ottoman Origins

The name Levent originates from the term levend, denoting irregular soldiers or naval infantry who served in the , often as or troops recruited from various regions of the . These levends were known for their role in maritime defense and expeditions, and the term evolved to symbolize hardy seafarers in culture. In the late , during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I (1774–1789), the area east of was designated as a for levend troops, with initial land allocations occurring around 1780. This grant was given to Cezayirli Hasan , the Grand (Kaptan-ı Derya) of the fleet, transforming the previously agrarian lands into Levend Çiftliği (Levend Farm), a strategic site for housing and supporting naval personnel near the Bosphorus. In the 1790s, Sultan Selim III established the first of the Nizam-ı Cedid () Army there, expanding its role in reforms. The establishment aimed to bolster maritime strength amid ongoing wars with and internal reforms, providing , grounds, and support facilities for the troops. Throughout the Ottoman period, Levent remained characterized by sparse settlement patterns, with land grants primarily allocated for military purposes rather than dense civilian habitation. The area functioned mainly as a complex of barracks, workshops, and agricultural plots to sustain the levend garrison, housing approximately 4,000 troops but reverting to limited farming outposts following the 1807–1808 Alemdar Mustafa Pasha rebellions, which disrupted Nizam-ı Cedid reforms. This military-focused use persisted with minimal urban development until the early 20th century transition to residential planning.

20th Century Development

In the mid-20th century, Levent transitioned from its military legacy as a site to a planned residential neighborhood, reflecting broader efforts to modernize Istanbul's suburbs amid rapid . The development began in 1947 when Emlak Kredi Bankası, a state-owned institution established in 1926 to provide low-interest housing loans, initiated the Levent Housing Project on approximately 100 hectares of former farmland and military land. This project, designed by architects Kemal Ahmet Aru and Rebii Gorbon, aimed to create for middle-income families through a garden city model inspired by post-World War II European planning ideals, featuring single- or two-story detached houses with gardens. The first phase, completed between 1947 and 1950, constructed 412 units, followed by the second phase (1950–1952) with 319 units and the third (1951–1953) with 277 units, emphasizing low-density layouts to foster community living. Influenced by post-World War II trends, including cooperative models from Western examples like the , the project prioritized organized suburban expansion to address Istanbul's shortages without relying on informal settlements. Initial focused on essential utilities such as connecting to the Şişli-Sarıyer Road, water systems adapted from prior military use, and basic social facilities, though public transport remained limited to buses from central areas like and Taksim. By the mid-1950s, the fourth phase introduced multi-story apartment blocks alongside low-rise homes, signaling early adaptations to increasing demand while maintaining a residential core. During the and , Levent's character gradually shifted from purely residential to mixed-use, as and peripheral urban expansion led to initial commercial encroachments, including small offices and shops along main avenues. This evolution increased density and traffic, with nearby informal developments adding pressure, though the area retained its foundational middle-class housing identity until later decades.

Contemporary Growth

The of the Turkish in the 1980s, spearheaded by Turgut Özal's program, shifted the nation toward free-market policies, export promotion, and deregulation, attracting and fostering the growth of the sector. This economic opening positioned as Turkey's gateway to global markets, with Levent—initially planned as a residential neighborhood—experiencing a surge in banks and corporations relocating to its central European-side location for its proximity to key transport links and undeveloped land suitable for commercial expansion. The sector's share in 's rose sharply during this period, solidifying Levent's role as an emerging financial hub amid efforts that moved industries outward while concentrating white-collar activities inward. Key milestones accelerated this transformation: the 1973 completion of the connected Europe directly to , reducing commute times and spurring urban expansion and increased commercial activity in . Complementing this, amendments in the transitioned Levent from low-density residential and light industrial use to mixed-use commercial , enabling high-rise developments that redefined the district's and supported its evolution into a modern business center. These changes aligned with national neoliberal , prioritizing vertical growth to accommodate economic demands without sprawling into historic cores. From the 2010s to 2025, Levent has undergone projects focused on and upgrades, driven by Istanbul's status as a prone to earthquakes, with initiatives replacing aging structures through public-private partnerships to enhance density and functionality. Amid this expansion, efforts have gained prominence, including the of standards and energy-efficient designs in renewal schemes, as part of Istanbul's broader Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP), which targets reduced emissions and across districts like Levent. These measures address the pressures of a population exceeding 15 million, promoting low-carbon mobility and waste reduction to balance growth with .

Economy and Business

Financial Hub

Levent stands as one of Istanbul's three principal business districts, alongside on the side and on the Asian side, forming critical nodes in the city's economic landscape. This positioning has established Levent as a focal point for commercial activity, particularly in and related services, drawing a concentration of professional operations that support Turkey's broader . The district's evolution into this role reflects a strategic urban transformation, briefly noted in its contemporary growth phase where former residential zones adapted to accommodate expanding needs. The economic significance of Levent is underscored by its contributions to 's dominance in Turkey's , , and sectors, which collectively drive substantial value addition. accounts for a significant share of the national in these sectors. This sectoral concentration not only bolsters local employment and investment but also enhances 's role as a gateway for international financial flows, fostering resilience amid Turkey's economic fluctuations. Within the sector breakdown, banking exhibits particular dominance in Levent, where a significant portion of Turkey's leading financial institutions maintain their headquarters and core operations. This includes major commercial banks that manage substantial portions of national assets, contributing to the district's status as a center for credit intermediation and activities. Additionally, the presence of multinational in Levent amplifies its influence, enabling cross-border services and strategic decision-making that align with global economic trends. The sector's overall expansion in , supported by regulatory reforms, has reinforced Levent's vitality, with assets in the banking system at approximately 90% of GDP as of 2023.

Key Corporations and Institutions

Levent serves as a prominent hub for major corporations and institutions in Istanbul, particularly those in the financial, conglomerate, and professional services sectors. Türkiye İş Bankası, the largest private bank in Turkey by assets and customer base, maintains its headquarters at İş Kuleleri in the district, overseeing operations for over 1,300 branches nationwide and serving millions of clients. Sabancı Holding, one of the country's leading conglomerates with diverse interests in finance, energy, and retail, is headquartered at Sabancı Center in Levent, managing a portfolio that generates billions in annual revenue. Akbank, a key subsidiary of Sabancı Holding and among Turkey's top private banks, also bases its head office at the same Sabancı Center complex, supporting extensive retail and corporate banking services. The district features a concentration of financial services, with several major banks establishing significant presences through headquarters or primary offices, fostering a cluster that drives economic activity in banking and related services. Notable examples include , headquartered on Büyükdere Avenue in Levent, which provides comprehensive financial products to over 18 million customers, and , with its main office on Aytar Caddesi in the area, focusing on digital banking innovations. QNB Finansbank similarly operates a key facility in Levent, contributing to the neighborhood's role in Turkey's banking landscape. In the technology sector, Levent attracts international firms as early adopters of fintech and digital solutions. Microsoft Turkey has its regional office at Levent Mahallesi Aydin Sokak No:7, supporting software development, cloud services, and AI initiatives across the Middle East and Central Asia. Eczacıbaşı Holding, a major conglomerate with divisions in healthcare, building products, and consumer goods, is headquartered at Kanyon Ofis on Büyükdere Caddesi, integrating into its industrial operations. Consulting giants further bolster Levent's institutional profile, with firms like Boston Consulting Group (BCG) locating its Turkish headquarters at Kanyon Plaza on Büyükdere Caddesi, offering strategy and management advisory services to regional clients. , a global organizational consulting leader, maintains its Istanbul office in the same Kanyon complex, specializing in executive search and leadership development for multinational enterprises.

Architecture and Landmarks

Skyscrapers

Levent, a prominent business district in Istanbul, features a skyline dominated by modern skyscrapers that reflect the area's evolution into a financial powerhouse. These high-rises, primarily office and mixed-use structures, incorporate advanced engineering to address the region's seismic vulnerabilities while contributing to urban density. Among the most notable is the , completed in 2010, which stands at 261 meters tall with 55 floors above ground, making it the tallest building in Turkey from its completion until 2016 and currently ranking as the fifth tallest in the city. Designed by , it includes an observation deck at 234.9 meters, offering panoramic views, and utilizes a concrete structure reinforced with steel elements and dual supporting cores for stability. Other significant structures include the İşbank Tower 1, a 52-story office building reaching 181.2 meters, completed in 2000 and serving as the headquarters for Türkiye İş Bankası. The Sabancı Center complex, finished in 1993, comprises two towers: the taller Akbank Tower at 158 meters with 39 floors and the Sabancı Tower at 140 meters with 34 floors, both exemplifying early 1990s corporate architecture in Levent. The Tekfen Tower, a 28-story edifice standing 118 meters high, was completed in 2003 and houses offices for the Tekfen Holding company. Post-2010 developments in Levent have emphasized sustainable design principles alongside rigorous seismic engineering, driven by Istanbul's location on active fault lines. The Istanbul Sapphire pioneered this trend as Turkey's first "ecological skyscraper," featuring vertical gardens, natural ventilation systems via louvers that reduce air conditioning needs by 25-30%, and overall energy consumption lowered by up to 30% through eco-friendly materials and indoor green spaces. A notable example is the Istanbul Tower 205, a 52-story office completed in 2019 at 220 meters, incorporating modern seismic features like outrigger systems. Newer high-rises incorporate performance-based seismic designs, such as base isolation and outrigger systems, which have proven effective in reducing structural damage during earthquakes, as demonstrated in Turkey's updated building codes following major seismic events. This shift aligns with broader economic expansion that has fueled high-rise construction, enhancing Levent's role as a resilient urban center.

Shopping and Commercial Centers

Levent's shopping and commercial centers serve as vital hubs for retail, leisure, and social interaction, blending modern architecture with everyday commerce in the district's bustling business environment. The , opened in 2006, stands out as a prominent mixed-use complex featuring 160 stores that house a mix of local and international luxury brands, including high-end fashion and jewelry outlets. Complementing this, the center incorporates extensive entertainment facilities, such as a nine-screen cinema complex with a capacity of 1,600 seats, alongside fitness centers and open-air performance spaces that attract diverse crowds for leisure activities. Metrocity Mall, which opened on April 30, 2003, enhances Levent's commercial landscape with 175 stores spread across five floors, offering a range of retail options from everyday essentials to premium boutiques integrated into the surrounding financial district. Its strategic location in the 1. Levent business quarter facilitates seamless access for professionals and residents, with direct connections to public transport that underscore its role in supporting the area's dynamic economy. ÖzdilekPark İstanbul, opened in 2014, adds to the district's retail offerings with 140 stores across five floors, including international brands, a cinema, and children's entertainment areas, located adjacent to . These centers exemplify thoughtful urban planning by promoting a walkable integration of commerce, business, and residential spaces, where pedestrian-friendly designs like curving streets and open-air layouts encourage daily foot traffic and foster a cohesive neighborhood experience in .

Other Landmarks

The Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha Mosque, completed in 2023, represents a blend of neo-Ottoman architecture in Levent, featuring a 23-meter diameter main dome rising to 44 meters, with minarets reaching 66 and 77 meters, built on a 18,500 square meter plot at a cost of approximately 750 million Turkish lira.

Transportation

Metro and Rail

Levent Metro Station is an underground facility on the M2 Yenikapı–Hacıosman line of the Metro system, providing essential connectivity to the district's business core. The station opened as part of the line's initial phase on September 16, 2000, facilitating rapid transit along a 23.49 km route with 16 stations. As a pivotal hub in the financial district, it supports high volumes of commuter traffic, contributing to the M2 line's average daily ridership of 500,000 passengers. Adjacent to Levent Station, the 4. Levent Station serves as another critical stop on the same M2 line, also operational since September 16, 2000. This station is particularly vital for business professionals, offering nearby access to the metrobus network at Zincirlikuyu, which enhances regional mobility across Istanbul's European side. Its location under Büyükdere Avenue positions it as a gateway for workers accessing nearby corporate offices and commercial areas. The Gayrettepe station, located south of Levent on the M2 line and serving as an interchange with the M11 line to Istanbul Airport, opened on January 29, 2024, further improving connectivity for the district.) Ongoing infrastructure developments aim to further integrate Levent into Istanbul's broader rail network. Planned extensions to the M7 Yıldız–Mahmutbey line, including the Kabataş section targeted for completion by 2026, will bolster connections via interchanges at nearby stations like Mecidiyeköy, ultimately improving access to the Asian side through linked systems such as Marmaray. These enhancements build on the foundational accessibility improvements from mid-20th-century infrastructure, amplifying Levent's role as a nexus.

Roads and Accessibility

Levent's road network is anchored by Büyükdere Avenue, which functions as the primary north-south corridor through the district, linking it to key regional infrastructure including the that opened on October 29, 1973. This avenue supports heavy commercial and commuter traffic, forming a vital artery for the area's business activities and extending connectivity toward central Istanbul and beyond. The district faces notable traffic congestion, reflective of Istanbul's status as the world's most congested city in 2024, where drivers lose an average of 105 hours annually to delays. Major inbound routes near Levent experience high vehicle volumes, exacerbating bottlenecks during peak hours. To address these challenges, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality has deployed intelligent transport systems, including smart traffic signals for real-time flow optimization and dynamic parking guidance to reduce on-street search times. Pedestrian infrastructure in Levent emphasizes safe navigation amid high vehicular volumes, with integrated pedestrian walkways and passages, such as the canyon-like open-air path in the , to facilitate movement between offices, malls, and transit points. Since the 2010s, the district has seen the addition of bike lanes as part of Istanbul's Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, promoting non-motorized options within the business core. These features integrate briefly with the metro network to support multi-modal accessibility.

Demographics and Society

Population Statistics

Levent's population stood at 2,911 according to the 2022 estimate from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). This figure reflects the neighborhood's status as a primarily commercial area with limited residential space, though recent high-rise developments have contributed to gradual growth. The population density in Levent is 2,675 persons per square kilometer (2022), higher than the broader Beşiktaş district average due to concentrated urban development. Demographic trends show a skew toward working-age adults, aligning with the area's role as a business hub that draws commuters and professionals. Levent exhibits a strong socioeconomic profile, characterized by high income levels relative to national averages. The national mean equivalised annual household disposable income was approximately 187,000 TL in 2023. e area benefits from proximity to major financial institutions and corporate headquarters, with Istanbul's rate at 10.2% in 2022, below the national figure of 10.4%. A 2013 survey indicated that 34% of Levent's population held university degrees.

Residential Life and Community

Levent's residential landscape is dominated by high-end apartments and gated communities, catering primarily to affluent residents seeking modern, secure living spaces. Projects such as the and exclusive 5-star residences exemplify this trend, featuring 1+1 to 4+1 bedroom units ranging from 73 m² to 246 m², equipped with amenities like 24-hour security, spas, fitness centers, and landscaped gardens within enclosed complexes. These developments emphasize privacy and luxury, with many offering Bosphorus views and proximity to transforming Levent into a preferred enclave for upscale urban living. Average unit prices in such luxury properties reached approximately 10,000 USD per m² as of 2025, reflecting the area's premium status amid Istanbul's competitive real estate market. The community in Levent reflects a blend of affluent Turkish professionals and a significant , fostering a multicultural environment. Many residents are high-income executives drawn to the district's corporate opportunities, alongside foreign-born individuals comprising an estimated 10-15% of the local demographic, often from Europe, the Middle East, and beyond. This diversity is enhanced by international schools like the MEF International School in Levent, which serves students from over 50 nationalities and promotes global curricula such as the International Baccalaureate program, encouraging cross-cultural interactions among families. Such institutions contribute to a vibrant social fabric, where community events and multilingual environments support integration for both locals and newcomers. Despite its prosperity, Levent has faced social challenges from gentrification processes that began in the 1990s, leading to the displacement of original middle-class residents. As the area evolved from mid-20th-century developments into a high-rise financial and residential hub, rising property values and urban renewal projects have priced out long-term inhabitants unable to afford escalating rents and home costs. This wave of transformation, part of broader patterns in Istanbul's inner districts, has shifted the socioeconomic composition toward wealthier demographics, exacerbating inequalities and altering neighborhood identities since the late 20th century.

Culture and Recreation

Parks and Green Spaces

Levent residents benefit from convenient access to , located in the neighboring Sarıyer district approximately 7 kilometers away, offering a 47-hectare expanse of wooded hillsides and waterfront paths ideal for picnics and seasonal events like the . Within Levent itself, green spaces are integrated into the urban fabric through innovative designs on high-rises and along major thoroughfares. High-rise developments such as the feature sky gardens and terraced pools that provide elevated outdoor areas blending residential living with natural elements. The includes an open-air observation terrace at its summit, serving as a public vantage point amid the district's dense built environment. Complementing these are pocket parks like , a 9,283-square-meter green area along Büyükdere Caddesi that functions as both a corporate headquarters landscape and a community recreational spot with landscaped paths and seating. To address urban heat island effects exacerbated by Levent's high-rise density, local and municipal efforts since 2010 have emphasized tree planting and green infrastructure enhancements. A 2024 study on surface heat islands in the Levent region documents temperature rises associated with high-rise density, informing ongoing afforestation projects that promote cooler microclimates. Istanbul's green space planning under the YAYSİS framework provides 7.2 square meters per capita citywide as of 2022, with municipal efforts emphasizing expanded urban forestry and park development to improve environmental resilience.

Cultural Facilities

Levent hosts several prominent educational institutions that contribute to its reputation as a hub for high-quality international and local schooling. Nearby, in the adjacent Bebek area stands as one of Turkey's elite preparatory schools, founded in 1863 and known for its rigorous academic curriculum and diverse student body drawn from international and local communities. The ' Levent Campus integrates academic, social, and cultural education, featuring specialized facilities including a cultural center with two auditoriums seating 473 and 270 for performances and seminars. Cultural venues in Levent provide spaces for artistic expression and public engagement. Kanyon, a major mixed-use development, includes event spaces that host annual festivals, live performances, and cultural exhibitions. The İş Sanat Cultural Center, situated in the Levent business district, serves as a key venue for classical music concerts, theater productions, and dance performances, drawing audiences with its focus on both local and global artists. Community programs in Levent foster cultural exchange among residents, particularly its diverse expatriate population. Expat organizations such as and the Istanbul Expat Community arrange regular events including cultural workshops, networking gatherings, and themed festivals that promote intercultural dialogue. These initiatives often culminate in city-wide events, such as editions of the , which has attracted nearly 50,000 visitors across its editions with independent theater, music, and art performances across multiple venues.

References

  1. [1]
    Levent in Istanbul: Business and Residential Powerhouse
    “Levents” — elite soldiers whose name derived from the Italian word Levantino, meaning “of the ...
  2. [2]
    Levent (Neighborhood, Turkey) - Greater İstanbul - City Population
    Contents: Population ; Levent, Neighborhood ; Levent. 2,911 Population [2022] – Estimate. 1.088 km² Area.Missing: 2024 | Show results with:2024
  3. [3]
    Levent district in Istanbul: learn about it in detail - Imtilak Real Estate
    Levent is one of the main active movement areas in Istanbul, and it was originally designed for the beautiful livelihood of middle-income citizens.
  4. [4]
    GPS coordinates for Levent, Istanbul - CoordinatesFinder.com
    GPS coordinates for Levent, Istanbul · Latitude: 41.0815723. Longitude: 29.0169502 · More coordinates for Levent, Istanbul · Extra information about Levent, ...Missing: geographic | Show results with:geographic
  5. [5]
    Levent area in Istanbul and the advantages of buying a property
    Dec 24, 2022 · The Levent region is administratively affiliated to the Besiktas municipality, north of the Golden Horn, and the fifth of it follows the Eyup ...
  6. [6]
    Istanbul Levent: the mad rush of the Bosphorus - Voyages d'affaires
    Dec 27, 2011 · The model has its business epicentre just north of the Golden Horn, on the European side of Istanbul. It is here, in Levent, along the ...Missing: relative | Show results with:relative
  7. [7]
    METRO CITY - BEŞİKTAŞ MUNICIPALITY
    Web Site: METRO CITY. LOCATION. Adress: Büyükdere Cad. No: 171 1.Levent Beşiktaş /İSTANBUL. +90 (212) 344 06 60. To navigate the map with touch gestures double ...
  8. [8]
    Beşiktaş, Istanbul - Turkey: Explore Charming Districts and Towns ...
    Jul 30, 2024 · Levent and Etiler are upscale neighborhoods within Beşiktaş, known for their modern shopping malls, high-end residential buildings, and business ...
  9. [9]
    Besiktas Area Guide: Exploring Neighbourhoods of Istanbul
    Jan 16, 2019 · 5: Levent: This bustling business ... 9: Ulus: Until 1998, Ulus was part of Ortakoy but broke away because of a booming population.
  10. [10]
    Levent Nerede? İstanbul Levent Hakkında Bilmeniz Gereken Her Şey
    Levent'in güney sınırında Beşiktaş'ın merkez mahalleleri yer alırken, kuzeyine doğru ilerledikçe Şişli'nin sınırlarıyla komşu hâle geliyor. Bu özelliğiyle ...
  11. [11]
    Levent Mahallesi topographic map, elevation, terrain
    Average elevation: 374 ft • Levent Mahallesi, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Marmara Region, 34330, Turkey • Visualization and sharing of free topographic maps.
  12. [12]
    [PDF] MIXED-USE HIGH-RISE [RESIDENTIAL] COMPLEXES
    Sep 5, 2014 · Mixed-use high-rise complexes in Istanbul are capital-oriented, combining work, leisure, and accommodation, and are seen as a new urban form.
  13. [13]
    https://doi.org/10.14744/megaron.2024.99148
  14. [14]
    [PDF] The case of Istanbul, Levent Farm and Barracks - JournalAgent
    Oct 18, 2024 · In the late 18th century, with the allocation of Levent Farm and its immediate vicinity to. Cezayirli Hasan Paşa, Levent Farm and Barracks ...
  15. [15]
    [PDF] osmanlı devleti'nde askerî çiftlikler - DergiPark
    Apr 18, 2025 · Çiftliğin bulunduğu bölge Cezayirli Hasan Paşa'nın denizci ... kullanıldığından dolayı Levent Çiftliği adını almıştır. III. Selim ...
  16. [16]
    None
    ### Summary of Levent's 20th Century Development
  17. [17]
    [PDF] ıe MOS - Prof. Dr. Nuran Zeren Gulersoy
    This study is developed within the conservation concept of the 20th century's urban planning implementation. It concerns the Levent District. one of the ...
  18. [18]
    (PDF) Istanbul since 1923: a difficult entry into the 20th century
    ... Levent, are launched. The central participant in these two model operations is the bank Emlak Kredi Bankası,18 founded in 1926 to facilitate the access of ...
  19. [19]
    [PDF] The effects of western housing practices on Turkey's social housing ...
    Apr 30, 2025 · Among them was providing individual low-rate credits via Emlak. Kredi Bankası ... projects like Levent (1947-1951) and Koşuyolu (1951) cases ...
  20. [20]
    5 Financial Liberalization in Turkey in - IMF eLibrary
    In 1980, the government launched a structural adjustment program that was based on free market principles and an outward approach to economic policies. During ...Interbank Money Market: The... · Securities Market And The... · Foreign Exchange RegimeMissing: Levent | Show results with:Levent
  21. [21]
    [PDF] Neoliberal Urbanization in the case of Istanbul - DiVA portal
    Following the introduction of free market economy and neoliberal political economic context in Turkey in 1980s, Istanbul was given the role for being the ...
  22. [22]
    globalisation and development strategies for istanbul - ResearchGate
    Like many cities around the world Istanbul has, especially since the 1980s, been subject to this process of decentralization (Karaman and Levent, 2000; Kurtarir ...
  23. [23]
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23730114_GLOBALISATION_AND_DEVELOPMENT_STRATEGIES_FOR_ISTANBUL
  24. [24]
    a critical review of Turkey metropolitan city centers - ScienceDirect
    This study describes the transition from zoning approach to mixed use. The new mixed-use central business areas and mixed use projects are analysed in the ...
  25. [25]
    [PDF] Istanbul: Impact of High-Rises on a Historic, Yet Contemporary, City
    High-rise buildings have a significant impact on cities and their metropolitan areas in a variety of ways, most notably on cities with extensive historic ...
  26. [26]
    Project-Based Urban Renewal and Transformation of ... - IntechOpen
    The objective of this research is to determine the problems of project-based urban renewal approach and to examine the effects on the urban landscape in Turkey.
  27. [27]
    Istanbul - ICLEI Europe
    City has prepared a “Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan for Istanbul” (Istanbul SECAP) which includes Istanbul's determined goals on sustainable energy ...Missing: Levent 2020s
  28. [28]
    [PDF] Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality - Sustainable Finance Framework ...
    The Strategic Plan 2020-2024 was co-produced with the Istanbulites by adopting the policies outlined on its main service areas such as disaster and risk ...
  29. [29]
    Business districts of Istanbul - Prime Property Turkey
    Istanbul's business districts include Maslak, Kazyatagi, Altunizade, Sisli, Beyoglu, Basin Express, and the Istanbul International Financial Centre (IIFC).
  30. [30]
    Gross Domestic Product by Provinces, 2023 - TURKSTAT Corporate
    Dec 12, 2024 · The share of İstanbul in information and communication activities was 64.8%, finance and insurance activities was 62.5%, professional, ...
  31. [31]
    Sapphire Tower - The Skyscraper Center
    261 m / 856 ft 2 Architectural: Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the ...Missing: Turkey | Show results with:Turkey
  32. [32]
    Istanbul Sapphire Tabanlioglu Architects
    Istanbul Sapphire, a residential-led, leisure and shopping center project, which is located in the "business administration" center of the city, is the highest ...Missing: height tallest<|separator|>
  33. [33]
    IS Bankasi Tower I - The Skyscraper Center
    Height: 181.2 m / 594 ft. Floors: 52. Official Name: The current legal building name. IS Bankasi Tower I.Missing: Levent | Show results with:Levent
  34. [34]
    Sabanci Center - Koray Group
    This twin tower office complex, which consists of Akbank tower with 39 floors (h=158 m), Sabanci Tower with 34 floors (h=140 m) and two annex buildings that ...Missing: height | Show results with:height
  35. [35]
    Sabancı Center - Boğaziçi Group
    Sabancı Center The construction of the Center started in April 1988 and was completed in May 1993. It was inaugurated on October 20, 1993. LOCATION İSTANBUL ...Missing: height | Show results with:height
  36. [36]
    Turkey - Buildings - Skyscrapers - High-rise-Buildings - SKYDB
    Sabanci Center 2 - 34 floors - 140 m (459 ft); Nidakule Levent - 27 floors - 140 m (459 ft); Iconova Block A2 - 35 floors - 138 m (454 ft); Onalti Dokuz ...
  37. [37]
    [PDF] REFERENCE PROJECTS Sapphire – Istanbul HOUSING
    HOUSING. Urban chic in the 21st century. Sapphire, the first “ecological skyscraper” and the second- tallest building in Turkey, was completed in 2010.
  38. [38]
    Performance-based seismic design succeeds in Turkey - ASCE
    Mar 3, 2021 · The Başakşehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital, located in the highly seismic city of Istanbul, is the largest base-isolated structure in the world.
  39. [39]
    (PDF) Sustainable Buildings Versus Solid Structures: A Conceptual ...
    Jun 27, 2017 · In this respect, the paper has evaluated the development of high-rise buildings in Istanbul on Metrocity Millennium Towers (2001), Sapphire ( ...
  40. [40]
    KANYON - BEŞİKTAŞ MUNICIPALITY
    It has opened in 2006 and every day serves from 10.00 AM to 22.00 PM. Shopping mall received a name Kanyon which means Canyon in English because it'd ...
  41. [41]
    Kanyon - Tepe İnşaat
    Constructed by Tepe İnşaat on turn-key basis, Kanyon is one of the most prestigious shopping malls in Istanbul. Consisting of 4 floors and 160 shops, the ...
  42. [42]
    Kanyon - Malls.com
    Entertainment zone: In terms of entertainment Kanyon shopping center offers 9 screen cinema among with fitness center. Location and accessibility: Kanyon ...<|separator|>
  43. [43]
    Kanyon Shopping Mall: The Ultimate Guide to Istanbul's Premier ...
    Kanyon Shopping Mall has over 160 stores, featuring international and local brands, luxury and affordable options, and various categories of products, such as ...
  44. [44]
    Metrocity Shopping Center Istanbul
    Metrocity, opened on April 30, 2003, is a modern shopping mall in the finance and business quarter of 1. Levent in Istanbul, Turkey with a direct connection ...
  45. [45]
    Kurumsal - MetroCity AVM
    İstanbul'un merkezinde, 1. Levent'te yer alan MetroCity Alışveriş Merkezi, beş kat üzerinde 175 mağaza, restoran ve kafesi, 1.200 araç kapasiteli kapalı ...
  46. [46]
    Archnet > Site > Kanyon Complex
    This mixed-use development is anchored round a four storey shopping mall that is open like a traditional bazaar. The curving streets and courtyards giving ...Missing: walkable | Show results with:walkable
  47. [47]
    Kanyon, Levent - Istanbul Shopping - e-architect
    Sep 22, 2008 · Kanyon, one of Europe's largest mixed-use districts, introduces a new concept for urban living in Levent, Istanbul's central business district.<|control11|><|separator|>
  48. [48]
    Yenikapi-Seyrantepe-Haciosman Metro Line
    ### Levent Station Information
  49. [49]
    Metrobus Lines - İETT
    - 4.Levent in Mecidiyeköy – By Taksim Metro. - M2 Yenikapı in Zincirlikuyu – By Hacıosman Metro. 34A CEVİZLİBAĞ – SÖĞÜTLÜÇEŞME. Line distance: 22 kilometers.Missing: interchange | Show results with:interchange
  50. [50]
    Istanbul driverless metro line M7 opens - Railway Gazette
    Oct 28, 2020 · TURKEY: Metro Istanbul launched passenger services on the first stage of line M7 on October 28. This is the first driverless metro line to ...
  51. [51]
    The Bosphorus Bridge. The boundary between Europe and Asia
    Mar 21, 2022 · The bridge was inaugurated three years later, on October 29, 1973 to mark the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
  52. [52]
    Istanbul named world's most congested city for 2024
    Istanbul is the most congested city in the world for 2024, with drivers losing 105 hours to traffic delays, a 15% increase from 2023.
  53. [53]
    [PDF] Chapter 3 Road Network and Traffic Volume
    As for arrival and departures from/to the ferry boat in the Yenikapi ports, the vehicle and passenger volumes are 5,600-7,600 vehicles/day and 8,500-9,700 ...
  54. [54]
    Traffic management policies: experiences from Istanbul and Buenos ...
    Mar 6, 2025 · High accident rates due to congestion and human errors. Inefficient traffic flow, leading to extended commute times. Challenges in funding ...Missing: Levent | Show results with:Levent
  55. [55]
    Smart Parking Systems - UYM - İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi
    Feb 24, 2017 · Smart Parking System is a LED-based dynamic traffic information system developed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) Department of Transportation.Missing: Levent | Show results with:Levent
  56. [56]
    [PDF] SUMP Report
    Four projects aim to increase daily active mobility in Istanbul: Cycle Feeder Routes, Pedestrian Routes, Traffic Calming and Junction Improvements.
  57. [57]
    AI4LIFE - EIT Urban Mobility
    Jan 1, 2024 · AI4LIFE aims to build an integrated AI-based smart intersection management system that will reduce congestion, (thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions and time ...
  58. [58]
    Levent (Neighborhood, Turkey) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location
    ### Summary of Levent Neighborhood, Beşiktaş, Istanbul
  59. [59]
    Income Distribution Statistics, 2024 - TURKSTAT Corporate
    The mean annual household disposable income was 374 thousand 899 TL in 2024 with an increase of 106.9% compared to previous year in Türkiye.
  60. [60]
    [PDF] SUPPORT FOR TRANSITION TO LABOR MARKET PROJECT
    A similar trend is observed across Türkiye, where the median age of women is higher than that of men. The change in the median age in İstanbul shows that.
  61. [61]
    The 6 Wealthiest Districts of Istanbul in 2024 | Pera Property
    Sep 30, 2024 · The wealthiest districts in Istanbul are Sarıyer, Beşiktaş, Kadıköy, Şişli, Bakırköy, and Beykoz. Sarıyer is the most expensive at $3,100 per ...
  62. [62]
    Independent Living Luxury in Residence - Polat Levent Exclusive
    Polat Levent Exclusive, in Istanbul's Levent, offers luxury living with downtown amenities, residences, home offices, and commercial units, and won an ...
  63. [63]
    Exclusive 5-Star Residences for Sale in the Heart of Levent, Istanbul
    Nov 1, 2025 · Step into a world of elegant design, sweeping green landscapes, and unmatched amenities in one of Istanbul's most sought-after locations.Missing: gated | Show results with:gated
  64. [64]
    Levent luxury Bosphorus Sea view residences for sale
    Offering a 5-star luxury lifestyle with access to amenities and facilities, this project offers Bosphorus view apartments in Levent area of central ...Missing: gated | Show results with:gated
  65. [65]
    Foreign education schools in Istanbul and their addresses
    Jan 22, 2025 · The MEF International School, with campuses in Ortaköy and Levent, specializes in the IB program and caters to students from over 50 countries.
  66. [66]
    Gentrification in Istanbul | Request PDF - ResearchGate
    Aug 7, 2025 · Ensuing gentrification leads to the displacement of those local residents who are no longer able to afford the increased housing costs ...
  67. [67]
    [PDF] RETHINKING GENTRIFICATION IN İSTANBUL THROUGH ...
    Mar 4, 2020 · this study aims to reveal the complex relations hidden behind the concrete abstraction in order to understand the nuanced way of gentrification ...
  68. [68]
    Emirgan Park to Levent - 4 ways to travel via bus, Metro, taxi, and foot
    Distance: 7.1 km; Duration: 25 min. What companies run services between Emirgan Park, Turkey and Levent, Istanbul, Turkey? İstanbul Elektrik Tramvay ve Tünel ...
  69. [69]
    Ultimate Guide to the Istanbul Tulip Festival 2025: 10 Best Places to ...
    Jan 7, 2025 · This is one of the largest parks in Istanbul (it's 47 hectares!) and you can easily spend an entire day seeing the tulips in Emirgan Park ...
  70. [70]
    POLAT LEVENT by GAD ARCHITECTURE - Architizer
    In the 1970s, Levent hosted industrial and factory buildings along Büyükdere Avenue, which evolved into business centers in the 1980s. The 1990s saw the ...
  71. [71]
    Modern Istanbul - skyscrapers & Istanbul Sapphire - Seven Hills Saga
    Aug 18, 2020 · As of 2019, Istanbul Sapphire was the 4th tallest skyscraper in Istanbul and in whole Turkey. Taller are only Metropol Istanbul Tower (70 floors ...
  72. [72]
    Yemeksepeti Park / Erginoğlu & Çalışlar Architects - ArchDaily
    Jun 4, 2018 · 'Yemeksepeti Park' is located in the centre of İstanbul on Büyükdere Street in Levent. It covers an area of 9,283 m² and serves as the ...Missing: size | Show results with:size
  73. [73]
    Investigation of Surface Urban Heat Island by High-Rise Buildings
    This study aims to determine the impact of skyscrapers on the formation of surface urban heat islands (SUHIs). Accordingly, an area within a radius of one ...
  74. [74]
    Spatial Analysis - Planning Approach - YAYSİS 2025
    The amount of green space per capita in Istanbul is 7.20 square meters by 2022. In the table below, the open and green space standards in the Spatial Plans ...
  75. [75]
    Levent Campus - Terakki Vakfı Okulları
    The Levent campus has a cultural center, two gyms, an indoor pool, and various classrooms and specialized facilities for each school level.
  76. [76]
    Top 10 Culture and Art Centers in İstanbul - Altınbaş Üniversitesi
    Zorlu PSM, one of the most important performing arts centers in İstanbul, hosts theater, music, dance and concert events. With its large stage capacity and ...
  77. [77]
    Istanbul for Expats - Pro's & cons, expat events & FAQs - InterNations
    Connect with fellow expats in Istanbul. Join exciting events and groups for expats. Get information in our expat guides.
  78. [78]
    (Past Event) Istanbul Fringe Festival Returns for Its 7th Edition ...
    Jun 8, 2025 · Over six editions, it has hosted more than 550 artists, 120 performances, 50 workshops, and reached audiences of nearly 50,000. By bridging ...