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Transit

Transit may refer to:

Transportation

Public transportation

Public transportation, also known as public transit or mass transit, encompasses shared passenger transportation services that operate on fixed or semi-fixed routes and schedules, available to the general public for a fare. These systems typically include buses, trains, subways, light rail, ferries, and trams, designed to efficiently transport large volumes of people within urban, suburban, and regional areas while promoting accessibility and sustainability.^[1] The historical evolution of public transportation began in the early 19th century with horse-drawn omnibuses, which provided the first organized mass transit services in cities like Paris and New York, evolving from private carriages to scheduled routes carrying multiple passengers. By the mid-19th century, steam-powered railways and electric trolleys emerged, leading to the development of underground systems; the London Underground, the world's first subterranean railway, opened in 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon, revolutionizing urban mobility by alleviating surface congestion. In the United States, the New York City Subway followed in 1904 with the opening of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company's initial line, marking the advent of modern rapid transit networks that integrated electrification and extensive infrastructure.^[2]^[3]^[4] This progression from animal-powered vehicles to electrified, high-capacity systems laid the foundation for contemporary public transit, adapting to growing urban populations and technological advancements. Essential components of public transit systems include predefined routes that connect key origins and destinations, timetables ensuring reliable service frequencies, fare structures that balance affordability and revenue, and accessibility features such as ramps, low-floor vehicles, and real-time information for users with disabilities. These elements are closely integrated with urban planning to align transit corridors with land-use patterns, fostering compact development and reducing reliance on personal automobiles. For instance, effective route design and scheduling can enhance connectivity, while fare policies often incorporate subsidies or integrated ticketing to encourage ridership across modes.^[5]^[6] As of 2025, public transit trends emphasize electrification to curb emissions, with many cities mandating the phase-out of diesel buses in favor of electric and hybrid fleets to meet climate goals. Pilot programs for autonomous vehicles are expanding, particularly in shuttle services and low-speed environments, aiming to improve operational efficiency and safety. Ridership has shown robust post-pandemic recovery, reaching 85% of pre-2020 levels in the United States by April 2025, driven by hybrid work patterns and investments in service reliability. Economically, public transit mitigates traffic congestion by shifting commuters from private cars, potentially reducing urban travel times and vehicle miles traveled, while delivering environmental benefits through lower per-passenger greenhouse gas emissions compared to solo driving.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Commercial vehicles and services

The Ford Transit van, introduced in 1965 as Ford's first vehicle specifically designed for the European market, revolutionized commercial transportation by offering a versatile platform for cargo and passenger use.^[11] It evolved through six generations: the first (Mk1, 1965–1978) featured a forward-control cab with rear-engine layout for improved load space; the second (Mk2, 1978–1986) added refinements like updated styling and better fuel efficiency; the third (Mk3, 1986–2000) introduced a more aerodynamic body and front-engine options; the fourth (Mk4, 2000–2006) enhanced safety with ABS and improved payload capacity; the fifth (Mk5, 2006–2014) incorporated Euro 5 emissions compliance and modular interiors; and the sixth (Mk6, 2014–present) offers electric variants like the E-Transit alongside traditional diesel models, emphasizing connectivity and zero-emission capabilities.^[12] Available in cargo, passenger, and cutaway chassis configurations, it serves diverse roles from urban delivery to shuttle services, with global production exceeding 13 million units by 2025 and annual sales surpassing 96,000 in the UK alone in 2024.^[13]^[14] Transit buses, optimized for short-distance urban and suburban routes, prioritize rapid passenger loading and high capacity over long-haul comfort, featuring multiple wide doors (often three or more), low-floor designs for wheelchair accessibility, and durable bench or perimeter seating without reclining or individual amenities.^[15] Unlike motor coaches, which emphasize luxury with higher floors for undercarriage luggage storage, panoramic windows, onboard restrooms, and air-suspended seats for extended intercity travel, transit buses have a lower overall height, simpler interiors, and robust construction for frequent stops and starts, typically in 35-, 40-, or 60-foot lengths including articulated models for crowded corridors.^[16]^[17] Leading manufacturers include New Flyer, whose Xcelsior series offers battery-electric, hybrid, and trolley variants with dual-sided boarding for bus rapid transit and speeds up to 65 mph under load, and Prevost, known for commuter-oriented models like the X3-45 with tall cabins (79.5 inches floor-to-ceiling), wide aisles, and power outlets, increasingly adopted for public express routes as seen in New York City's MTA fleet.^[18]^[19]^[20] The Transit mobile application, launched in 2013, provides comprehensive public transportation tools including multimodal trip planning that combines buses, trains, biking, and walking; real-time vehicle tracking via agency data and crowdsourcing; and service alerts for disruptions.^[21] It integrates with over 200 transit agencies across more than 1,000 cities worldwide, customizing interfaces for local fares, branding, and rider feedback to enhance usability.^[22] With over 40 million downloads by 2025, the app has become a key resource for efficient urban mobility.^[22] TransIT, the public transit service operated by Frederick County, Maryland, since 1991, connects residents via nine fixed-route Connector buses primarily within Frederick city, six shuttle services for targeted areas like hospitals and campuses, and on-demand paratransit for seniors and individuals with disabilities.^[23] The fleet consists of low-floor models including Gillig and cutaway vehicles, with plans for expansion and electrification in fiscal year 2026 to support growing demand.^[24] Ridership reached a record 928,650 passengers in fiscal year 2025, reflecting a 22% increase from the prior year and underscoring its role in community connectivity.^[25]^[26] Transit ships refer to a series of innovative early 19th-century sailing vessels designed by Captain Richard Hall Gower, an English mariner and naval architect, to achieve superior speed for passenger and mail transport. The first Transit, launched in 1800 at Itchenor, England, was a 102-foot, four-masted barquentine with fine bow and stern lines, a burthen of 195 tons, and advanced rigging that allowed it to outpace contemporary vessels by up to 50%, predating clipper ships and enabling faster transatlantic routes.^[27] Gower built two additional Transits (1801 and 1809), incorporating empirical improvements in hull form and sail plans for efficiency, though commercial adoption was limited due to the era's reliance on traditional designs.^[28] In international law, transit passage is defined under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982 as the exercise of freedom of navigation and overflight solely for continuous and expeditious transit through straits used for international navigation, connecting one part of the high seas or exclusive economic zone to another.^[29] Article 38 grants all ships and aircraft this right, which shall not be impeded, while allowing states bordering straits to regulate for safety and environmental protection without hampering passage or prejudicing coastal state sovereignty (Articles 42 and 44).^[29] Foreign vessels enjoy high seas-like freedoms during transit but must proceed without delay, avoid threats of force, and comply with applicable international rules on collision prevention, pollution, and sea lanes (Article 39).^[29]

Science and technology

Computing

In computer networking, Internet transit refers to a commercial arrangement in which one Internet service provider (ISP) purchases bandwidth and routing services from another, larger ISP to enable access to the full Internet for its customers. This allows smaller or regional networks to connect to the global Internet without building extensive infrastructure, in contrast to peering, which involves direct, typically settlement-free interconnections between networks of comparable size to exchange traffic mutually.^[30]^[31] The concept of Internet transit emerged in the early 1990s amid the commercialization of the Internet, following the decommissioning of the U.S. National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1995, which transitioned the backbone to private providers. Early adopters included companies like UUNET and PSINet, which began offering paid transit services to support the growing demand for commercial connectivity. As of 2025, major transit providers include Lumen (formerly Level 3), Cogent Communications, AT&T, Verizon, and NTT Communications, which dominate the market by offering high-capacity global routes.^[32]^[33] Technically, Internet transit relies on the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to exchange routing information between autonomous systems (ASes), enabling transit providers to advertise full Internet routes—often the complete BGP table of over 900,000 prefixes—to customers. Costs are primarily determined by traffic volume, measured via metrics like the 95th percentile bitrate to avoid penalizing brief spikes, with pricing typically structured as a flat rate per Mbps per month; for instance, global averages have fallen to under $1 per Mbps/month in competitive markets due to oversupply of capacity. Models include paid transit, where customers compensate upstream providers, versus settlement-free peering for balanced exchanges, though transit remains unidirectional in providing default routes to the entire Internet.^[34]^[35]^[36] For smaller ISPs and enterprises, Internet transit offers scalability by outsourcing global reachability and providing service level agreements (SLAs) for uptime and performance, allowing focus on local operations without massive capital investment. However, it introduces dependencies on upstream carriers, which can lead to outages if the provider experiences failures—such as the 2021 Fastly incident that disrupted transit-dependent networks worldwide—and incurs ongoing costs that scale with bandwidth demands, potentially limiting flexibility compared to direct peering.^[37]^[38] In modern developments, the rise of content delivery networks (CDNs) like Cloudflare and Akamai has reduced reliance on traditional transit by enabling content providers to establish direct peering relationships with eyeballs networks, bypassing long-haul transit paths for faster delivery of popular traffic, which now accounts for over 70% of Internet volume. Additionally, IPv6 implementation has influenced transit dynamics by expanding address space to 128 bits, facilitating native end-to-end connectivity without NAT complexities and encouraging more peering over transit, though adoption remains uneven at around 43% globally in 2025, requiring dual-stack support from providers.^[39]^[40] In astronomy, a transit refers to the apparent passage of a smaller celestial body directly between a larger one and an observer, such that the smaller body crosses the visible disk of the larger body.^[41] This phenomenon is observable only when the orbits are nearly edge-on from Earth's perspective, as with the inner planets Mercury and Venus transiting the Sun.^[42] Historical observations of such events, such as the 1639 transit of Venus predicted using Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion and observed by Jeremiah Horrocks, enabled early determinations of the solar parallax—the angular size of Earth's orbit—to refine measurements of the Earth-Sun distance.^[43]^[44] The transit method has become a cornerstone of exoplanet detection, identifying planets by the periodic dimming of a star's light as an orbiting body passes in front of it, producing a characteristic light curve dip whose depth reveals the planet's size relative to the star.^[45] NASA's Kepler Space Telescope, launched in 2009, revolutionized this field by monitoring over 150,000 stars and confirming more than 2,600 exoplanets primarily through transits, demonstrating the prevalence of small, rocky worlds.^[45] Its successor, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) launched in 2018, has extended surveys to brighter, nearby stars, confirming over 700 exoplanets as of late 2025 via the same technique, bringing the total confirmed exoplanets detected by transits to over 5,000.^[46] Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations of transit-detected systems, such as the Earth-sized TRAPPIST-1e in its star's habitable zone, have provided spectroscopic data hinting at atmospheric compositions that could indicate water vapor or other biosignatures.^[47] A transit instrument, also known as a meridian telescope, is a fixed astronomical telescope mounted on an east-west axis to observe the precise timing of stars crossing the local meridian, aiding in the determination of sidereal time and longitude.^[48] Developed in the late 17th century by astronomers like Ole Rømer at the Paris Observatory, these instruments featured a horizontal telescope pivoting around a vertical axis, with a plumb line for alignment, and were essential for establishing accurate observatory clocks and star catalogs.^[49] By the 18th century, refined versions like James Bradley's 8-foot transit at Greenwich Observatory in 1750 supported nautical almanacs and global time standardization, remaining in use for over 65 years.^[48] In surveying, the transit—often called a transit theodolite—is a portable optical instrument that measures horizontal and vertical angles by sighting distant points through a telescope that can rotate freely in azimuth and elevation.^[50] Emerging in the early 19th century as an evolution of the European theodolite, pioneered by makers like Edward Troughton, the American "wild transit" or plain transit design simplified construction with a telescope that "transits" (reverses) over the horizontal circle for error elimination, becoming standard for railroad and land surveys in the expanding United States.^[51] By the late 19th century, these instruments achieved angular precision to 20 seconds of arc, enabling large-scale mapping; modern digital theodolites, introduced in the mid-20th century, integrate electronic angle encoders and data logging, evolving into total stations that also measure distances via laser for sub-millimeter accuracy in contemporary geospatial work.^[52] Navigational transit, or pilotage by transit lines, involves aligning two fixed landmarks—such as headlands, lighthouses, or buoys—from a vessel's position to establish a bearing and confirm location relative to a chart, particularly in coastal or harbor approaches.^[53] This technique, dating back to ancient mariners who used visual cues like island silhouettes for safe passage, was a fundamental piloting method before chronometers, often combined with rudimentary celestial observations of the Sun or stars for latitude.^[54] Historical examples include 16th-century European explorers aligning African capes or Pacific atolls to avoid reefs, providing a low-tech backup still taught in modern seamanship for GPS-denied scenarios. The Transit satellite system, operational from the 1960s, was the U.S. Navy's pioneering navigation network using Doppler shift measurements from polar-orbiting satellites to compute user positions with accuracies up to 200 meters.^[55] Launched starting with Transit 1B in 1960 under the Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS), it broadcast orbital data via low-frequency signals, allowing submerged submarines and surface ships to determine latitude and longitude every 90 minutes as satellites passed overhead.^[56] Serving for over three decades until 1996, Transit provided all-weather global coverage and directly influenced the development of the Global Positioning System (GPS) by validating satellite-based ranging concepts.^[57]

Arts and entertainment

Film

Several films titled Transit have been produced, often centering on themes of passage, displacement, and the liminal spaces of human movement across borders or within societies. These works span dramas and thrillers, using the title to evoke the precariousness of transition in personal and geopolitical contexts. Transit (1980) is an Israeli drama directed by Daniel Wachsmann in his feature debut. The film follows Erich Nussbaum, a Jewish refugee expelled from Germany who struggles with isolation and alienation in his new home in Israel decades after arriving on the eve of World War II, underscoring themes of perpetual internal exile and failed assimilation. It premiered at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival, where it was selected for the main competition and praised for its poignant portrayal of immigrant disconnection.^[58]^[59] Transit (2012) is an American action thriller directed by Antonio Negret. The story revolves around a family on a road trip whose vehicle unwittingly carries stolen bank loot, leading to a relentless cross-country pursuit by criminals, which highlights the dangers and urgency of being caught in unwanted transit. Released directly to video in some markets, it received mixed reviews for its tense pacing but formulaic plot, grossing modestly in limited distribution.^[60]^[61] Transit (2013) is a Filipino drama directed by Hannah Espia, exploring the lives of undocumented migrant workers from the Philippines in Tel Aviv amid an impending law threatening to deport children born to foreign laborers. Through intersecting family stories, it delves into urban migration, cultural adaptation, and the fragility of temporary residency without revealing specific plot resolutions. The film debuted at the 18th Busan International Film Festival, earning acclaim for its empathetic depiction of diaspora challenges and winning the Audience Award there; it later received nominations at the Asian Film Awards.^[62]^[63] Transit (2018) is a German-French drama directed by Christian Petzold, loosely adapting Anna Seghers' 1944 novel and transposing its World War II refugee narrative to a contemporary Marseille port city amid modern geopolitical unrest. A young German exile assumes the identity of a deceased writer to secure passage, navigating bureaucratic hurdles and fleeting relationships in a world of waiting and uncertainty. Premiering at the 68th Berlin International Film Festival, where it competed for the Golden Bear and earned Franz Rogowski a Silver Bear for Best Actor, the film garnered widespread critical praise for its innovative temporal blend and exploration of enduring refugee experiences, with a 94% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes as of November 2025 and ongoing scholarly analysis of its themes.^[64] In Transit (2025) is an American drama directed by Jaclyn Bethany, starring Alex Sarrigeorgiou as a young bartender from small-town Maine who models for an artist's retreat, exploring themes of personal transformation and existential crisis alongside a painter (Jennifer Ehle). The film premiered in 2025 and received positive reviews for its intimate character study.^[65] Across these films, common motifs include exile, the porosity of borders, and the psychological toll of journeys—whether literal escapes or metaphorical displacements—mirroring the titular word's implication of impermanent motion and the human cost of relocation.^[66]

Literature

One of the most influential works titled Transit is the 1944 novel by German author Anna Seghers, originally published in German as Transit. Set in the port city of Marseille during World War II, the story follows an unnamed German refugee who assumes the identity of a deceased writer to secure exit visas amid the chaos of Vichy France, capturing the harrowing experiences of exiles fleeing Nazi persecution.^[67] The narrative explores profound themes of bureaucratic absurdity, existential uncertainty, and human displacement, drawing from Seghers' own exile in Mexico after escaping France in 1941.^[68] As a cornerstone of exile literature, Transit has been widely translated, with notable English editions including a 1944 version and a critically acclaimed 2007 retranslation by Margot Bettauer Dembo published by New York Review Books; it continues to resonate with its relevance to contemporary refugee crises.^[67] In more recent literature, Rachel Cusk's 2016 novel Transit, the second installment in her Outline trilogy, reimagines the motif through a contemporary lens of personal and societal upheaval. The protagonist, a divorced writer named Faye relocating to London with her sons, navigates renovations, chance encounters, and introspective dialogues that blur the boundaries between self and others, emphasizing themes of reinvention and the fluidity of identity in urban transition.^[69] Cusk's experimental structure, relying on overheard conversations rather than traditional plot, highlights the liminal spaces of everyday life, earning praise for its innovative form and psychological depth; the book was shortlisted for the Goldsmiths Prize in 2016.^[70] Another significant contribution is Abdourahman A. Waberi's Transit (2003, English translation 2012), a polyphonic novel unfolding at a Paris airport where Djiboutian immigrants share monologues about civil war, child soldiers, and the perilous journeys of migration from the Horn of Africa. Through fragmented narratives, Waberi examines the intersections of trauma, hope, and cultural dislocation, portraying transit not merely as physical movement but as a psychological and social limbo. The work, part of the Global African Voices series, amplifies voices from underrepresented regions and has been lauded for its poignant critique of global inequalities in migration.^[71] Short stories bearing the title Transit or centered on its motif further illustrate these themes, such as Mavis Gallant's "In Transit" (collected in her 1988 anthology of the same name), which depicts a young woman's disorienting passage through European cities, evoking isolation and the search for belonging amid transient encounters. Gallant's tale underscores the emotional toll of perpetual movement, a recurring element in modernist short fiction.^[72] Across these works, transit narratives recurrently employ motifs of liminality—the threshold state between departure and arrival—to probe identity formation, where characters grapple with fragmented selves in spaces of ambiguity and potential transformation. This literary device, as analyzed in studies of migration literature, reflects broader human experiences of exile and change, positioning Transit as both title and conceptual framework for exploring instability and resilience.^[73] Seghers' novel, in particular, exemplifies this tradition, influencing subsequent explorations of displacement in global literature.

Music

Transit is an American emo and pop-punk band formed in Stoneham, Massachusetts, in 2006 by vocalist Joe Boynton, guitarist Tim Browne, bassist Peter Adams, and drummer Matt Roman.^[74] The group gained prominence in the mid-2010s emo revival scene through their energetic live performances and introspective lyrics exploring themes of personal growth and relationships.^[74] Their discography includes key releases such as the debut EP Stay Home (2007), full-length albums Listen & Forgive (2011), Young New England (2013), and Joyride (2014), the latter featuring collaborations like "All Your Heart" with Fall Out Boy's Patrick Stump and peaking at number 11 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart. After a decade of extensive touring across North America and Europe, including appearances at festivals like The Fest and Warped Tour, Transit announced their breakup in February 2016, concluding with a final Northeast U.S. tour in April.^[75] As of November 2025, former members continue in new projects, such as Boynton's band Narrowcast, which has released singles and EPs since 2021.^[76] Several notable albums bear the title Transit, spanning diverse genres and often evoking themes of movement and transition. Autolux's Transit Transit (2010), the Los Angeles-based alternative rock trio's second studio album, blends shoegaze and electronic elements with tracks like "Census Seal" and "Superbini," earning critical acclaim for its experimental production and receiving an 8/10 rating from AllMusic reviewers.^[77] In the electronic realm, a 1998 compilation album Transit on Systematic Records showcases trance and progressive house tracks by artists including Sasha ("Xpander") and Paul van Dyk ("For An Angel '98"), which contributed to the genre's mainstream breakthrough in the late 1990s club scene. Jazz offerings include Transit (1975) by French singer Colette Magny with the Free Jazz Workshop, a fusion of chanson and avant-garde improvisation that highlights Magny's socially charged vocals amid free-form instrumentation. More recently, German producer FloFilz's Transit (2021) on Melting Pot Music merges hip-hop beats with UK jazz influences, featuring collaborations with Alfa Mist and Barney Artist, and underscoring the album's ambient, travel-inspired soundscapes.^[78] In 2024, prog-metal band Transit Method released Othervoid, their third full-length album, exploring themes of otherworldliness through heavy instrumentation.^[79] Prominent songs titled "Transit" or variations thereof appear across rock, folk, and pop genres, frequently symbolizing journeys or impermanence. Brand New's "Sic Transit Gloria... Glory Fades" (2003) from the album Deja Entendu—Latin for "thus passes the glory of the world"—is a seminal emo track with driving guitars and poignant lyrics about fleeting youth, helping propel the band to cult status and charting on Billboard's Alternative Songs at number 29. Folk artist Richard Shindell's "Transit" (1998) from Reunion Hill narrates the stresses of highway travel in a narrative style reminiscent of storytelling ballads, praised for its vivid imagery and acoustic arrangement. In contemporary pop, Corinne Bailey Rae's "New York Transit Queen" (2023), the lead single from her album Black Rainbows, draws on subway experiences in Harlem for its soulful reflection on urban life and resilience, released amid the project's Mercury Prize nomination. In 2025, alt pop-punk band The Transits released the single "Electric New," part of their ongoing work following their 2024 self-titled debut album.^[80] Transit Records, an independent electronic music label founded in Manila, Philippines, in the mid-2010s, has become a hub for Southeast Asian club culture, releasing EPs and tracks by local DJs and producers focused on house, techno, and experimental sounds.^[81] The label's events and releases, such as those featuring Yuzo Iwata, emphasize community-driven nightlife and have expanded to include virtual parties and radio shows by 2025.^[82] Overall, works titled "Transit" in music often draw on motifs of motion and change, predominating in rock and electronic genres while occasionally venturing into jazz and folk for thematic depth.^[74]

Other uses

Astrology

In astrology, a transit refers to the ongoing movement of a planet through the zodiac, forming aspects to the positions in an individual's natal chart, which is believed to trigger corresponding influences on personal experiences, emotions, and life developments.^[83] These interactions are interpreted as dynamic energies that activate specific themes based on the planet involved, its zodiac sign, the house it occupies, and the aspect it makes to natal points. For instance, transits are seen as catalysts for change, contrasting with the static natal chart by introducing real-time celestial influences.^[83] The concept of transits originated in Hellenistic astrology during the 1st century CE, where they were integrated into predictive techniques like solar returns to forecast annual events, as detailed by astrologer Dorotheus of Sidon in his Carmen Astrologicum.^[84] This tradition emphasized transits relative to the natal chart for timing life cycles, building on earlier Babylonian horoscopic methods. In the 20th century, Dane Rudhyar popularized transits within humanistic and evolutionary astrology, reframing them as tools for psychological growth and individuation, drawing from Jungian concepts to view planetary cycles as metaphors for human transformation.^[85] Transits vary by planetary speed: fast-moving inner planets like the Moon produce short-term, daily effects, while slow outer planets such as Pluto create prolonged influences spanning years, often revisited due to retrogrades.^[83] Key aspects include conjunctions (planets aligning at 0° for intensified energy), oppositions (180° for tension and awareness), and squares (90° for challenges and action).^[83] Interpretations focus on how these activate natal houses and signs; a Saturn transit, for example, typically imposes lessons in responsibility and limitation, prompting maturation in the affected area of life.^[86] Astrologers rely on ephemerides—tabular data of planetary positions over time—to compute and track these configurations accurately.^[83] As of 2025, modern astrology integrates transits into digital tools, with apps like Lila offering personalized forecasts that align with evolutionary astrology by combining Rudhyar's cycle-based insights with psychological guidance for decision-making.^[87] These platforms emphasize empowerment through cosmic awareness, often incorporating user birth data for tailored predictions on relationships and career. Despite this popularity, transits face scientific criticism for lacking empirical validation; controlled studies, including time-twin analyses and predictive tests, demonstrate no correlation between planetary positions and life events, attributing perceived accuracy to cognitive biases rather than causal mechanisms.^[88]^[89] Nonetheless, transits persist in popular media and self-help contexts as symbolic frameworks for introspection.

Biology and medicine

In biology, transit refers to the directed movement of substances, cells, or molecules through physiological pathways within organisms, playing critical roles in digestion, protein localization, reproduction, and disease processes.^[90] In medicine, disruptions in these transits contribute to disorders like gastroparesis and constipation, where diagnostic and therapeutic interventions focus on restoring normal motility. These processes are influenced by factors such as diet, genetics, and the microbiome, with ongoing research exploring their implications for health and biotechnology. Intestinal transit encompasses the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract, with whole gut transit time (WGTT) in healthy adults typically averaging around 28 hours, though it varies widely between individuals.^[91] Segmental times include gastric emptying (0.4–15.3 hours), small intestinal transit (3.3–7 hours), colonic transit (15.9–28.9 hours), and overall WGTT (23–37.4 hours), modulated by dietary composition, physical activity, and microbial activity.^[91] Scintigraphy, a noninvasive imaging technique using radioactive markers, serves as a primary method to measure these times, providing quantitative data on regional motility.^[92] Factors like high-fiber diets can accelerate transit, while low-fiber intake or certain medications may delay it, impacting nutrient absorption and metabolic health. Transit peptides are N-terminal amino acid sequences that direct nuclear-encoded proteins to specific organelles, particularly chloroplasts in plant cells, where they are essential for photosynthesis and metabolic functions.^[93] These peptides, typically 40–80 residues long, feature a positively charged N-terminal domain, a central hydrophobic region, and a C-terminal cleavage motif, enabling recognition by import receptors on the organelle envelope.^[93] Upon translocation, stromal processing peptidases cleave the transit peptide, releasing the mature protein into the chloroplast stroma; this post-translational mechanism ensures efficient targeting without energy expenditure from the organelle itself. In plant biology, variations in transit peptide structure influence import specificity and efficiency, with evolutionary adaptations optimizing protein routing in response to environmental stresses. Medically, delayed transit manifests in conditions like gastroparesis, a disorder of impaired gastric motility leading to symptoms such as nausea and bloating, diagnosed primarily through gastric emptying scintigraphy, which quantifies retention of a radiolabeled meal at 1, 2, and 4 hours.^[94] This test is considered the gold standard, identifying delayed emptying when more than 10% of solids remain after 4 hours.^[94] For slow-transit constipation, characterized by prolonged colonic movement, prokinetic agents like prucalopride—a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist—enhance gastrointestinal and colonic transit, improving stool frequency and consistency in patients unresponsive to laxatives.^[95] Clinical trials demonstrate prucalopride's efficacy in accelerating transit without significant evacuation disorders, positioning it as a first-line therapy for idiopathic cases.^[95] In reproductive biology, sperm transit involves the rapid migration of spermatozoa from the female cervix through the uterus to the fallopian tubes, a process completed within minutes to hours post-ejaculation to enable fertilization.^[96] Cervical mucus acts as a selective barrier, favoring motile sperm with normal morphology while impeding others, a mechanism that ensures genetic quality. Evolutionary aspects include co-adaptation between male ejaculate volume and female tract architecture across mammals, enhancing reproductive success by optimizing sperm survival and transport efficiency during estrus. As of 2025, research highlights the gut microbiome's role in modulating intestinal transit, with dysbiosis linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) through altered short-chain fatty acid production and epithelial barrier function, potentially slowing motility and exacerbating symptoms.^[97] Studies show microbiome-targeted interventions, such as probiotics, can normalize transit in IBS subtypes by repairing gut integrity.^[97] In biotechnology, genetic analyses of transit peptides have identified high-efficiency variants for chloroplast targeting, enabling enhanced protein import in crops; for instance, engineered peptides deliver up to twice the yield of recombinant proteins compared to standard ones, advancing sustainable agriculture and biofuel production.^[98]

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[22]
Celebrating 60 Years and Counting – The Ford Transit's ...
Aug 8, 2025 · Globally, over 13,000,000 Transits have been produced. Almost 1 in 5 vans sold in Europe in 2024 in the 1-tonne and 2-tonne segments was a Ford ...
[23]
The Backbone of Britain: Ford Transit Celebrates 60 Years
Apr 29, 2025 · Transit has remained the UK's best-selling commercial vehicle for 59 years, with total nameplate sales of more than 96,000 in 2024 – accounting ...Missing: figures | Show results with:figures
[24]
[PDF] Transit Bus Mirror Configuration Pilot Project Final Report
Jun 20, 2022 · VTTI delivered to Safe Fleet the CAD models of the three different design prototypes for street-side mirrors on the New Flyer bus. VTTI ...
[25]
What's the Difference Between a Bus and a Coach?
Feb 19, 2021 · Coaches have a raised floor that creates space underneath the bus for luggage storage, making it taller than your average transit bus. This ...
[26]
What's the Difference Between a Bus & a Coach Bus?
Dec 23, 2024 · Standard buses are for short, frequent stops, while coach buses are for long, limited stops, with more comfort and amenities.
[27]
Features - New Flyer | North America's Bus Leader
Dual-sided Boarding Option.. ... New Flyer offers an optional three-door configuration that includes a street-side door for bus rapid transit (BRT) application.
[28]
Specs - New Flyer | North America's Bus Leader
New Flyer hybrid buses are the most powerful vehicles in their class, capable of speeds up to 65 mph while carrying maximum loads.
[29]
Commuter | Prevost
The Prevost X3-45 Commuter offers a smooth, quiet ride with amenities, a tall cabin, wide aisle, 110V outlets, and a 79.5" floor-to-ceiling height. It has a ...Missing: models | Show results with:models
[30]
The Transit App Launches On Android, Will Find Out If Users Need A ...
Jul 30, 2013 · 8:15 AM PDT · July 30, 2013 ... The app offers real-time transit directions, notifications and route planning, and on Android brings most of the ...
[31]
Transit - the best app for buses and trains
### Summary of Transit App
[32]
Driven by Community: Transit Services Celebrates Record Ridership
Jul 17, 2025 · FREDERICK, MD – Transit Services of Frederick County is proud to celebrate a record-breaking year, serving over 928,650 riders during Fiscal ...
[33]
TransIT Services of Frederick County - CPTDB Wiki (Canadian ...
Sep 6, 2025 · Transit Fleet. Current Roster. Fleet Number(s), Thumbnail, Build Date ... 2025, Gillig · Low Floor Plus 35' (G27B102N4), VIN range ...
[34]
Driven by Community: Transit Services Celebrates Record Ridership
Jul 17, 2025 · FREDERICK, MD – Transit Services of Frederick County is proud to celebrate a record-breaking year, serving over 928,650 riders during Fiscal ...
[35]
Ridership Data | Frederick County MD - Official Website
FY 2025 was a big year for us—we were able to reach over 928,650 passengers. We firmly believe that our improved outreach and our Travel Training program played ...Missing: size | Show results with:size
[36]
1799 to 1810 - early "Clippers" built by Captain Richard Hall Gower
Feb 7, 2019 · Transit was the name given to three sailing vessels designed and built to the order of Captain Richard Hall Gower.Missing: century | Show results with:century
[37]
Ships: The Clipper's Ancestor - Pauline's Pirates & Privateers
Mar 29, 2011 · R.H. Gower was a visionary ahead of his time. Though his ship was superior to anything else available in the early 19th century, Transit did not ...Missing: Richard | Show results with:Richard
[38]
None
Below is a merged response that consolidates all the information from the provided segments into a single, comprehensive summary of transit passage rights under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. To maximize detail and clarity, I will use a table in CSV format to organize the key elements (Definition, Rights, Duties, and Relevant Articles) across the different contexts (straits used for international navigation and land-locked states). Following the table, I will include additional details and useful URLs as a narrative summary.
[39]
What is an Internet IP Transit Provider? - ThousandEyes
Transit providers are ISPs that offer commercial services to carry traffic from ISP or customer networks and "transit" it to the rest of the Internet.
[40]
What is IP Transit? - Colt Technology Services
Jul 11, 2025 · IP transit is a paid service where a network pays for access to the entire internet through another network's infrastructure, whereas peering is ...
[41]
A Brief History of the Internet - Internet Society
The original Cerf/Kahn paper on the Internet described one protocol, called TCP, which provided all the transport and forwarding services in the Internet.
[42]
IP transit providers | IP transit quotation service - Fiberguide
Level3 (now CenturyLink), AT&T, Verizon, Cogent, Global Telecom and Technology (GTT), Telia Carrier, NTT Communications, Tata Communications and Telecom Italia ...
[43]
IP Transit and the Tiers of Transit Providers - Noction
Apr 12, 2022 · IP transit service is BGP-based, so customers who buy IP transit must operate their own Autonomous System (AS). Customers receive a full BGP ...
[44]
IP Transit Pricing in 2025: More Competition, More Price Erosion
Sep 8, 2025 · IP transit prices have remained low thanks to increased competition. Learn more about the market and IP transit costs.Missing: volume | Show results with:volume
[45]
[PDF] Volume-based Transit Pricing: Is 95 The Right Percentile? - CAIDA
In this paper, we evaluate the 95th percentile pricing mechanism from the perspective of transit providers, using a decade of traffic statistics from SWITCH (a ...
[46]
IP Transit vs Peering: What's the Difference? - Kentik
The major differences between peering and IP transit lie in their cost, performance, control, and security.What Is Ip Transit? · Ip Transit Ranking · What Is Kentik Market...
[47]
Transit IP vs. Peering: Understanding the Backbone of Internet ...
Mar 24, 2025 · Disadvantages of Transit IP - Cost: High expenses for high-bandwidth users. - Latency: Traffic may traverse multiple hops through the transit ...How Transit Ip Works · How Peering Works · When To Use Peering
[48]
Peering vs Transit: An In-Depth Analysis of Internet Connectivity
Feb 1, 2024 · By establishing peering agreements, CDNs can minimize latency, a crucial factor in user experience, especially for high-bandwidth applications ...
[49]
The State of IPv6 Adoption in 2025: Progress, Pitfalls, and Pathways ...
Mar 13, 2025 · Global IPv6 adoption is slightly over 43% in early 2025, with the US at slightly above 50%, while France, Germany, and India have higher rates.
[50]
Glossary term: Transit - IAU Office of Astronomy for Education
A transit occurs when a celestial body passes between another celestial body of larger angular size and the observer.
[51]
What's a transit? - NASA Science
Nov 8, 2024 · Most known exoplanets have been discovered using the transit method. A transit occurs when a planet passes between a star and its observer.
[52]
Transits of Venus | The Royal Astronomical Society
The first person to predict a transit of Venus was Johannes Kepler, who calculated that one would take place on 6 December 1631. Kepler died in 1630, and there ...<|separator|>
[53]
The Venus Transit 2004 - ESO
Apr 3, 2007 · 1. First predictions and the transits of 1631 and 1639 ; Authors, Value of the Sun-Earth distance, Value of the parallax ; Anaximander, ~54 ...
[54]
Transit Method - NASA Science
Oct 25, 2023 · The transit method for finding exoplanets has been wildly successful for NASA's Kepler and K2 missions, which have discovered more than 3,000 ...
[55]
NASA Exoplanet Archive
6,045. Confirmed Planets. 11/13/2025 ; 710. TESS Confirmed Planets. 11/13/2025 ; 7,771. TESS Project Candidates. 11/08/2025 ; View more Planet and Candidate ...Planet Counts · Data · Kepler Mission Information · 2025 Exoplanet Archive NewsMissing: method | Show results with:method
[56]
NASA Webb Looks at Earth-Sized, Habitable-Zone Exoplanet ...
Sep 8, 2025 · This artist's concept shows the volatile red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 and its four most closely orbiting planets, all of which have been observed ...
[57]
Bradley's 8-foot Transit Instrument (1750)
Made by John Bird, it defined the Greenwich Meridian from September 1750 until 1816. With a working life that exceeded 65 years, it was used by four different ...
[58]
Introduction - Re-Assembling the History of Meridian Circles
3The history of the meridian circle originated with Ole Roemer (1644-1710) (Nielsen, 1968; Ziggelaar, 1986). Taking advantage of his experiments at the Paris ...
[59]
Surveying and the future: Where is technology going? - GPS World
Jul 7, 2021 · The creation of the theodolite and the transit revolutionized the ability of the surveyor to accurately measure angles and apply trigonometric ...
[60]
Evolution of the Transit
The transit evolved from the theodolite, with early models having capstan screws and flat plates. Later, spring-opposed screws and closer screw placement were ...
[61]
The History Of Land Surveying: From Ancient Boundaries To ...
Mar 20, 2025 · The 20th century marked revolutionary advancements in land surveying, transitioning from manual methods to digital technologies. The ...
[62]
Location, Location, Location: Navigating at Sea | YachtBuyer
Aug 13, 2024 · Creating or using a transit is a navigational technique that involves aligning two prominent and visually aligned landmarks, and creating a ...
[63]
Navigation - Naval History and Heritage Command - Navy.mil
Oct 12, 2022 · A sailor's feel for the sea, the directional guidance of the sun, landmarks, and oral directions framed the earliest navigational aids.
[64]
Transit Satellite | Time and Navigation - Smithsonian Institution
The Transit system grew to six satellites, gave worldwide coverage every 90 minutes, and provided position accuracy to within 200 meters (660 feet).
[65]
Transit satellite: Space-based navigation - DARPA
Known as Transit, the system provided accurate, all-weather navigation to both military and commercial vessels, including most importantly the U.S. Navy's ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[66]
TIMATION: GPS Predecessor Program - eoPortal
Jun 18, 2012 · During its 32 years of operation, the Transit Navigations System (or NNSS) provided global navigation measurements for the US Navy and for the ...
[67]
Transit (1980) - IMDb
Rating 6.1/10 (23) Erich Nussbaum is a Jew who fled from Germany before the horrors of World War ll. He has settled in Israel for many years, but has always found it hard to ...Missing: Zvi Dor- Ner
[68]
Transit (1980) directed by Daniel Wachsmann • Reviews, film + cast
It articulates the essence of one's internal exile through the portrait of a Jewish-German refugee who arrived in Israel on the eve of World War II, ...
[69]
Transit (2012) - IMDb
Rating 5.8/10 (12,101) A gang of bank robbers hide their loot in the car of a family going camping. They chase down the family to kill them and get the loot back, but run into a fight ...
[70]
Transit (2012) | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 50% (8) A family's vacation goes horribly wrong when bank robbers hide their stolen loot in their car and try to intercept them later to retrieve it.
[71]
Transit (2013) - IMDb
Rating 7/10 (154) TRANSIT explores the intersecting stories of Filipinos in Tel Aviv when the threat of a law deporting the children of migrant workers looms their precarious ...
[72]
Busan Film Review: 'Transit' - Variety
Oct 2, 2013 · Hannah Espia makes an impressive debut with this gracefully directed, inventively edited look at the plight of Filipino immigrant workers in Israel.
[73]
Transit (2018) - IMDb
Rating 6.9/10 (12,590) "Transit" (2018 release from Germany; 101 min.) brings the story of Georg. As the movie opens, Georg and another German guy meet up at a cafe in Paris.Missing: Zvi Dor- Ner
[74]
Film of the Week: Transit - Film Comment
Mar 1, 2019 · Transit is set in France during World War Two, and follows its hero—a young German man who has escaped the camps—from Paris to Marseilles ...
[75]
Transit - New York Review Books
In stock Free delivery over $75May 7, 2013 · Anna Seghers's Transit is an existential, political, literary thriller that explores the agonies of boredom, the vitality of storytelling, and the plight of ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[76]
The Neck of the Hourglass: On Anna Seghers's "Transit"
Jun 26, 2025 · Transit takes place in a time of upheaval between worlds, a Europe that's being swept up by the Nazis on the one hand, and the New World many of ...
[77]
Transit by Rachel Cusk review – a triumphant follow-up to Outline
Sep 17, 2016 · Divorced and making a new start in London, a creative writing teacher is immersed in the lives of others in this radically inventive novel.
[78]
Book Review: 'Transit,' By Rachel Cusk - NPR
Jan 17, 2017 · Transit, the second installment of Rachel Cusk's cumulatively affecting post-divorce trilogy that began with Outline, is a reading journey you wish didn't have ...
[79]
Review of Transit (9780253008992) - Foreword Reviews
Rating 5.0 · Review by Shoilee KhanOct 9, 2012 · Transit, by acclaimed French novelist and short story writer Abdourahman Waberi, is a timely and politically relevant novel.
[80]
In Transit | short stories by Gallant - Britannica
In Mavis Gallant ...Balloon: Stories of Paris (1985), In Transit (1988), and Across the Bridge (1993).
[81]
Moving beyond liminality in the study of literature and culture - jstor
In the study of literature and culture, use of the term 'liminality' to describe situations of uncertainty and states of the in-between is ubiquitous.
[82]
Transit Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More | A... | AllMusic
Boston emo band formed in 2006 and gradually became more indie pop with every release. Read Full Biography. Active. 2010s. Formed. 2006 in Boston, MA. Genre.
[83]
Transit Announces Breakup - Stage Right Secrets
Mar 1, 2016 · After ten years as a band, Transit is putting away their instruments and is calling it quits. The band has announced their official breakup and final tour ...
[84]
Transit - Facebook
Joe Boynton has a new band called Narrowcast. They just released their first single, it's available for streaming on all platforms, go check it out!
[85]
Transit Transit - Autolux | Album - AllMusic
Rating 8/10 (106) Transit Transit by Autolux released in 2010. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic.Missing: band | Show results with:band
[86]
Transit | FloFilz - Bandcamp
Free deliveryFloFilz' third album for Melting Pot Music is deeply inspired by the UK jazz and hip-hop scene. “Transit” features collaborations with Alfa Mist, Barney Artist, ...
[87]
transit records: Music
transit records. Manila, Philippines. an independent electronic music label based in Manila.
[88]
https://skepticalinquirer.org/2016/11/does-astrology-need-to-be-true-a-thirty-year-update/
[89]
Transits in Astrology: Predictions | Cafe Astrology .com
### Summary of Astrological Transits from Cafe Astrology
[90]
Astrological Predictive Techniques | Returns | 1. Hellenistic Basics
Mar 17, 2012 · A return, also called a revolution, is the arrival of a transiting planet to the same position it held at the time of one's birth.
[91]
Dane Rudhyar (1895-1985) - The Urania Trust
Jan 25, 2016 · Rudhyar's astrological ideas were deeply grounded in the metaphysical concepts of change, motion, space, time and life cycles. Change was at the ...Missing: Hellenistic | Show results with:Hellenistic
[92]
Saturn Transits in Astrology: Predictions
Saturn takes about 28-29 years to come full circle. Therefore, every 7 years or so, Saturn will transit conjunct, square, or opposite a natal point.
[93]
Lila app
Lila: the ultimate evolutionary astrology app. Inspiring action and reminding you that your destiny is in your own hands.
[94]
Does Astrology Need to Be True? A Thirty-Year Update
Unwelcome evidence is dismissed because, they say, research is biased; astrology is too nuanced to be testable by science, and (the ultimate clincher) research ...
[95]
How Astrology Escaped the Pull of Science - McGill University
Oct 9, 2020 · Astrology is a pseudoscience due to its lack of progress and refusal to deal with a large body of critical scientific studies.