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MDA

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a synthetic phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative that functions as an entactogen, stimulant, and hallucinogen, primarily encountered as a recreational drug with effects including heightened empathy, sensory enhancement, and visual distortions.^[1]^[2] Its chemical structure features a methylenedioxy group on the phenyl ring of amphetamine, which modulates its interaction with monoamine transporters to promote release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain.^[1] First synthesized in the early 20th century, MDA entered psychotherapeutic experimentation and recreational use by the mid-1960s, predating widespread adoption of its N-methylated analog MDMA.^[3] In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act, indicating high abuse potential, severe dependence risk, and no currently accepted medical application in treatment.^[4] Empirical studies demonstrate MDA elevates heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, and prolactin levels while producing subjective prosocial and euphoric states, though with documented cardiovascular and potential neurotoxic risks exceeding those of many stimulants.^[5] Compared to MDMA, MDA exhibits more pronounced hallucinogenic qualities and greater sympathomimetic stimulation, contributing to its nickname "Love Drug" in some user contexts, amid ongoing debates over its relative safety profile despite regulatory prohibition.^[6]^[4]

Organizations

Government and military

The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) is a component of the United States Department of Defense established on January 2, 2002, as the successor to the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, with the mission to develop, deploy, and sustain a layered ballistic missile defense system capable of defending the United States, its deployed forces, allies, and partners against missile threats.^[7]^[8] The agency focuses on countering ballistic missile attacks from rogue actors, including North Korea and Iran, as well as evolving threats from regional powers such as China and Russia, through systems like ground-based midcourse defense and sea-based Aegis capabilities.^[9] As of fiscal year 2025, MDA oversees research, development, testing, and evaluation budgets exceeding $10 billion annually to address these proliferating threats.^[9] In U.S. defense acquisition processes, the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA) refers to the senior official responsible for approving a program's progression through key milestones, ensuring accountability for cost, schedule, and performance in major defense acquisition programs.^[10] Under 10 U.S. Code § 4204, for programs reaching Milestone A after October 1, 2016, the MDA is typically the service acquisition executive, who evaluates risks and authorizes entry into subsequent development phases.^[11] This role, delegated based on program acquisition category (e.g., ACAT ID programs overseen by the Defense Acquisition Executive), aims to mitigate overruns and align programs with national security needs.^[10] In Ghana, Municipal and District Assemblies (MDAs) form the foundational units of decentralized local governance, comprising 56 municipal and 154 district assemblies that handle political, administrative, and developmental functions under the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development.^[12] Established through the Local Government Act of 1993 and subsequent reforms, these assemblies promote grassroots participation in policy-making, resource allocation, and service delivery, with structures including elected members, appointed representatives, and chief executives.^[12] As of 2021, MDAs oversee sub-district units for implementing national development agendas, funded partly through the District Assemblies Common Fund.^[13]

Charitable and medical

The Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA), a United States-based nonprofit organization founded in 1950, funds research into neuromuscular diseases such as muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), while also supporting clinical trials and providing care services including summer camps and equipment distribution for affected individuals.^[14]^[15] MDA has invested over $178 million in ALS research alone, contributing to advancements from basic biology to therapeutic development.^[16] Its sponsored research has led to seven FDA-approved therapies, including Rilutek (riluzole) for ALS in 1995, which extends life expectancy by a few months by blocking glutamate toxicity.^[14]^[17] In 2025, amid proposed budget cuts to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that could halt ongoing research and limit new drug approvals—potentially reversing gains like the 25 therapies for neuromuscular diseases approved in the prior decade—MDA advocated for sustained federal funding through events like its November 4 congressional push and sessions addressing threats to the research pipeline.^[18]^[19]^[20] These efforts emphasize voluntary philanthropy to counter funding shortfalls that could impede empirical progress in disease-modifying treatments, prioritizing causal mechanisms like genetic mutations over unsubstantiated narratives. Magen David Adom (MDA), established in 1930 as Israel's national voluntary emergency medical, disaster response, and ambulance service, operates with over 35,000 volunteers and staff to deliver pre-hospital care, blood services, and mass casualty management independent of government coercion.^[21]^[22] In 2025, it responded to heightened threats including missile strikes in June that prompted highest-alert status across multiple sites and ramming attacks requiring immediate trauma interventions, building on its post-October 7, 2023, mobilization for rocket barrages and infiltrations that saved lives through rapid deployment of paramedics and innovative tech like mobile medical units.^[23]^[24]^[25] This humanitarian focus relies on donor-funded infrastructure for empirical efficacy in high-conflict scenarios, distinguishing it from state militaries by emphasizing apolitical lifesaving over partisan aims.^[26]

Political

The Maldives Development Alliance (MDA) is a political party in the Maldives, registered on December 20, 2010, and emphasizing nationalism rooted in Islamic faith, the Dhivehi language, and national history and culture.^[27] Led by Ahmed Siyam Mohamed, a tourism entrepreneur and member of parliament for Meedhoo, the party has positioned itself within ruling coalitions, contributing to government stability under President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih and later administrations.^[28] As of September 2024, MDA ranks as the fifth-largest party by membership according to the Elections Commission, with recent recruitment drives attracting professionals from various sectors to bolster its influence in atoll development and conservative policy advocacy.^[29] Its operational impact includes alliance participation that has supported pro-development agendas, though internal leadership transitions, such as Siyam Mohamed's temporary relinquishment in 2023, have tested coalition cohesion.^[30] In India, the Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (MDA) operates as a state-level post-poll coalition in Meghalaya, formed after the 2018 assembly elections under the leadership of the National People's Party (NPP) headed by Conrad K. Sangma.^[31] Comprising parties like the United Democratic Party (UDP), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP), the alliance secured a second term in March 2023 as MDA 2.0 following competitive elections, with power-sharing allocating eight cabinet positions to NPP, two to UDP, and one each to BJP and HSPDP.^[32] Ideologically diverse yet pragmatically united on regional autonomy and development in the Northeast, MDA has governed amid ethnic tensions between Khasi, Garo, and other communities, implementing policies on infrastructure and resource management while navigating criticisms of favoritism toward allied factions.^[33] Its formation reflects post-electoral realignments common in India's fragmented state politics, prioritizing stability over pre-poll ideological purity.^[34] The Movement for Democracy in Algeria (MDA), established on May 20, 1984, by former President Ahmed Ben Bella, functioned as a moderate Islamist opposition movement advocating democratic reforms amid Algeria's authoritarian regime.^[35] Operating largely from exile in Europe, it critiqued the one-party system and military influence, drawing on Ben Bella's revolutionary credentials to appeal to exiled Algerians and domestic dissidents.^[36] The party's limited operational reach was curtailed when Algeria's Interior Ministry dissolved it in mid-1997 for failing to meet activity thresholds, reflecting the government's suppression of fragmented opposition during the civil conflict era.^[37] MDA's ideological blend of Islamism and democracy influenced broader debates on pluralism but achieved minimal electoral or institutional impact before dissolution.

Commercial

MDA Space Ltd., formerly known as MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd., is a Canadian for-profit aerospace company headquartered in Brampton, Ontario, specializing in robotics, satellite systems, and geointelligence technologies for space missions.^[39]^[40] Founded in 1969, the company has supported over 450 space missions and employs more than 3,000 people across Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, contributing to the global space economy through innovations in satellite manufacturing, Earth observation, and robotic systems for applications including communications, defense, and scientific exploration.^[41]^[42] Its economic impact includes a contract backlog exceeding C$6 billion as of mid-2025, with projected revenues approaching C$1.63 billion for the fiscal year, driven by rising demand for low-Earth orbit constellations and defense technologies amid commercial space sector expansion.^[43] In 2025, MDA Space secured several high-value contracts underscoring its role in advanced defense and satellite projects, including a $60 million award on June 24 for delivering and integrating sensor systems to enhance situational awareness on the first three River-class destroyers for the Canadian government, and a $1.1 billion agreement with GlobalStar announced February 10 to build next-generation low-Earth orbit satellites, with approximately $750 million added to its backlog in the first quarter.^[44]^[45] Although an initial $1.8 billion deal with EchoStar for direct-to-device satellites announced August 1 was cancelled in September due to EchoStar's spectrum sale to SpaceX, the company maintained its fiscal 2025 guidance, reflecting resilience in a competitive market.^[46]^[47]^[48] Other commercial entities operating under the MDA acronym include MDA Group, a U.S.-based construction firm in Canton, Ohio, providing residential and commercial building services such as design, renovation, and project management, and MDA US LLC, involved in manufacturing boilers, tanks, shipping containers, and related industrial components.^[49]^[50] These smaller-scale operations contribute to niche sectors like construction and industrial fabrication but lack the global scale and innovation profile of MDA Space.

People

Public figures and professionals

Ashby Peter Mda (1916–1993), also known as A. P. Mda, was a South African teacher, lawyer, and political activist. Born on April 6, 1916, in the Herschel district near the Lesotho border, he became a founding member of the African National Congress Youth League in 1944, advocating African nationalism and self-reliance as key to anti-colonial struggle.^[51]^[52] He collaborated with early ANC figures such as Anton Lembede, Walter Sisulu, and Nelson Mandela, emphasizing intellectual preparation for political action, before dying of heart failure on August 7, 1993, in Bloemfontein.^[51]^[53] Zanemvula Kizito Gatyeni Mda, pen name Zakes Mda (born 1948), is a South African novelist, poet, playwright, painter, and academic. Born in Herschel to A. P. Mda and nurse Rose Nompumelelo, he grew up amid political exile and apartheid, later earning degrees in arts and theater from institutions in South Africa and the United States.^[54] His works, including novels like Ways of Dying (1995) and The Heart of Redness (2000), explore post-apartheid themes, historical memory, and rural South African life, earning the Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book, Africa Region in 1996, and the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award.^[55]^[56] Mda holds a professorship in creative writing at Ohio University and has composed music and exhibited paintings tied to his literary themes.^[56]

Science and technology

Computing

Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) is a software development standard established by the Object Management Group (OMG) in 2001, providing guidelines for structuring specifications as models that separate business and application logic from underlying platform technologies.^[57] This approach employs platform-independent models (PIMs) to define system functionality in a technology-agnostic manner, which are then transformed into platform-specific models (PSMs) for implementation on targets such as Java/EJB, CORBA, or XML/SOAP, enabling automated code generation and promoting interoperability across diverse environments.^[58] By standardizing model transformations via technologies like the Meta-Object Facility (MOF) and XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), MDA reduces vendor lock-in and supports lifecycle management from analysis through deployment, building on prior OMG standards including the Unified Modeling Language (UML).^[59] The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA), introduced by IBM on August 12, 1981, alongside the IBM PC 5150, served as the initial text-mode video standard for personal computing, delivering monochrome output optimized for business applications with sharp, high-resolution characters but no graphics support.^[60] It utilized a Motorola MC6845 CRT controller and 4 KB of dual-ported RAM for a display buffer, supporting an 80-column by 25-row text mode where each character occupied a 9×14 pixel matrix, yielding an effective resolution of 720×350 pixels for precise rendering on TTL monochrome monitors like the IBM 5151.^[61] Features included character attributes such as bold (via intensity modulation), underline, blink, and reverse video, with an integrated parallel printer port for direct output, making it suitable for word processing and data entry while prioritizing readability over color or imagery.^[62] This adapter laid foundational principles for subsequent PC display standards, influencing text-based interfaces in early computing ecosystems.^[63]

Chemistry

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), chemically known as 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-2-amine, is a synthetic phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative characterized by a methylenedioxy ring attached to the phenyl group at the 3,4-positions.^[64] First reported in scientific literature in 1910 through a synthesis described in Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, MDA produces stimulant, entactogenic, and hallucinogenic effects primarily via release and inhibition of reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the central nervous system.^[65] Its pharmacological profile includes empathogenic properties that enhance emotional openness, alongside psychedelic perceptual alterations, though these are accompanied by significant physiological activation such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure.^[64] ^[66] Empirical studies in animal models demonstrate MDA's capacity to induce acute hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome-like symptoms, and cardiovascular strain, with doses as low as 1-20 mg/kg eliciting dose-dependent increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity.^[66] Neurotoxicity is evidenced by immunocytochemical and biochemical assays showing structural damage to serotonin axon terminals, leading to persistent denervation in forebrain regions and reductions in serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA.^[67] Human case reports and preclinical data link MDA exposure to rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and long-term cognitive deficits including impaired memory and executive function, with serotonin system disruptions implicated in mood dysregulation persisting beyond acute intoxication.^[68] ^[69] A positional isomer, 2,3-methylenedioxyamphetamine, features the methylenedioxy ring at the adjacent 2,3-positions on the phenyl ring, resulting in altered binding affinities at monoamine transporters; it exhibits reduced potency at the serotonin transporter compared to 3,4-MDA while maintaining comparable effects at norepinephrine sites, yielding a distinct balance of stimulant and serotonergic actions.^[70] In the United States, MDA is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act, reflecting its high potential for abuse, absence of accepted safety for medical use, and lack of recognized therapeutic value, a designation upheld by the Drug Enforcement Administration based on pharmacological and abuse liability assessments.^[4] ^[68]

Medicine and biology

Mass drug administration (MDA) is a public health strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the control and elimination of parasitic neglected tropical diseases, involving the distribution of safe anthelmintic medications to entire at-risk populations regardless of infection status to interrupt transmission.^[71] For lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused by filarial worms transmitted by mosquitoes, MDA typically employs annual or biannual rounds of drugs such as diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, and ivermectin, targeting a minimum coverage of 65-80% of the eligible population over multiple years to reduce microfilarial prevalence below 1%.^[72] Evaluations of MDA programs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing LF prevalence and antigenemia rates, with meta-analyses showing significant declines in infection metrics post-implementation in endemic areas like India and Africa, enabling transmission interruption in over 20 countries as of 2024.^[73]^[71] Despite these outcomes, MDA faces challenges including suboptimal coverage due to logistical barriers, community hesitancy from fear of adverse effects (such as mild fever or itching in those infected), and low compliance linked to insufficient awareness campaigns.^[74]^[75] Emerging anthelmintic resistance and post-MDA resurgence in some regions underscore the need for surveillance and complementary vector control measures, with program costs estimated at $0.50-2.00 per person treated, comparable to other elimination efforts but straining resources in low-income settings.^[76]^[77] MDA has also been applied to other parasites like soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis, yielding similar transmission reductions when coverage thresholds are met, though causal attribution requires accounting for co-interventions like sanitation improvements.^[78] In radiological and nuclear medicine contexts, minimum detectable activity (MDA) quantifies the smallest radionuclide activity level in a sample that an instrument can distinguish from background noise with a specified low probability of false negative (typically β = 0.05 Type II error rate).^[79] This threshold, calculated via formulas incorporating counting statistics, background radiation, and efficiency (e.g., Currie's method: MDA ≈ 4.66 √(background counts) / efficiency for 95% confidence), guides detection sensitivity in biological assays, environmental monitoring of bioaccumulated radionuclides, and medical dosimetry.^[80] MDA values vary by instrument; for example, portable gamma spectrometers achieve MDAs of 0.1-1 Bq/g for common isotopes in tissue samples, but must not be conflated with decision thresholds to avoid under-detection in low-level contamination scenarios.^[81]^[82] In practice, MDA informs protocols for radiation protection in biomedical research, ensuring reliable quantification of internalized doses from procedures like PET imaging or accidental exposures.^[83]

Engineering and physics

The megadalton (MDa), equivalent to one million daltons (10^6 Da), serves as a unit for measuring the mass of large macromolecules, such as polymers and biomolecules, in applications like mass spectrometry and materials characterization. This scale is particularly relevant for analyzing structures exceeding typical kilodalton ranges, including DNA complexes and protein assemblies where precise mass-to-charge ratios enable structural elucidation. For instance, electrospray ionization techniques have been used to determine masses of megadalton-scale DNA ions by correlating observed charge states with known base-pair masses averaging 615.9 Da per paired nucleotides.^[84]^[85] Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is a multivariate statistical method that derives linear combinations of predictor variables to maximize separation between multiple predefined classes in high-dimensional data, facilitating dimensionality reduction and classification tasks. In engineering contexts, MDA processes multi-input signals for fault detection, such as identifying broken rotor bars in induction motors by partitioning features into monolith or segmented schemes that enhance discriminability under varying loads. It has also been adapted for collaborative representation-based classification in pattern recognition, improving robustness in signal processing pipelines where traditional linear discriminant analysis falters with more than two classes.^[86]^[87]^[88] Mean directional accuracy (MDA) quantifies the predictive efficacy of models by computing the fraction of instances where the forecasted direction of change aligns with observed outcomes, defined as MDA = (1/N) Σ I(sign(ŷ_t - y_{t-1}) = sign(y_t - y_{t-1})), where N is the number of predictions, ŷ_t the forecast, y_t the actual value, and I the indicator function. This metric is applied in physics-informed forecasting for time-dependent phenomena, including local scour around hydraulic structures and air temperature variations in permafrost environments, where it complements error measures like RMSE by emphasizing directional reliability over magnitude. In neuroforecasting constrained by physical laws, MDA evaluates hybrid models integrating convolutional LSTM with domain-specific data, achieving values above 0.8 in sea wave height predictions to validate directional consistency against naive benchmarks.^[89]^[90]^[91]

Other uses

General and miscellaneous

MDA serves as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code for the Republic of Moldova, a standard three-letter identifier used internationally for the country in data processing, trade, and geographic information systems.^[92] In urban planning and regional governance, MDA denotes Metropolitan Development Authorities, statutory bodies tasked with coordinating infrastructure, land use, and economic development in metropolitan areas across various jurisdictions. For instance, in June 2022, the government of Haryana, India, announced the establishment of such an authority for Panchkula to manage urban growth and planning in the region.^[93] Niche military terminology occasionally employs MDA for Main Defensive Area, referring to a designated primary zone for defensive troop dispositions and fortifications in tactical operations.^[94]

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[58]
[PDF] Model-Driven Architecture - Object Management Group
Recently, the Object Management Group introduced the Model-Driven Architecture. (MDA) initiative as an approach to system-specification and interoperability ...
[59]
[PDF] Model Driven Architecture (MDA) - Document number ormsc/2001 ...
Jul 9, 2001 · The work of the OMG has been driven since 1990 by a clear architectural statement that has not changed much since it was first designed.
[60]
Graphics Cards - DOS Days
MDA. The first display card for the PC was launched in 1981 - the MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter) and was available for both the 5150 (IBM ...Ramdac · Mda · Super Vga And Vesa Vbe
[61]
MDA notes - Monochrome Display Adapter
The MDA is a monochrome card for TTL monitors, using 4k RAM for display buffer, 720x350 resolution, and based on an MC6845 controller.Missing: 1981 | Show results with:1981
[62]
[PDF] IBM Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter - Bitsavers.org
The 4K display buffer supports one screen of the 25 rows of 80 characters, plus a character attribute for each display character.
[63]
Japanese Display Adapters - Ardent Tool of Capitalism
The original IBM PC was introduced together with MDA - Monochrome Display Adapter (720x350 text only) and CGA - Color Graphics Array (640x200 2 colors) in 1981.
[64]
The pharmacology and toxicology of “ecstasy” (MDMA) and related ...
Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine isomers on central serotonergic, dopaminergic and nigral neurotensin systems ...
[65]
An unusual clandestine laboratory synthesis of 3,4 ...
Nov 30, 2012 · The first report of the synthesis of MDA was published in Berichte in 1910 [8] and later appeared in a 1912 German Patent [9] describing its ...
[66]
Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its ...
MDMA (1–20 mg·kg−1) produced dose-related increases in BP, HR and activity. The peak effects on HR occurred at a lower dose than peak effects on BP or activity.<|separator|>
[67]
immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity - PubMed - NIH
The results establish that MDA and MDMA produce structural damage to 5-HT axon terminals followed by lasting denervation of the forebrain.
[68]
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) - PubMed Central
Better known as “ecstasy,” 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a small molecule that has played a prominent role in defining the ethos of today's ...<|separator|>
[69]
The ugly side of amphetamines: short- and long-term toxicity of 3,4 ...
Two scenarios are conceivable: (i) frequent MDMA use causes impaired cognition and (ii) psychological difficulties associated with mild cognitive impairment ...
[70]
Comparative potencies of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ...
2,3-MDMA was significantly less potent than MDMA at SERT, but equipotent with MDMA at NET. 2CB and BDB were both significantly less potent than MDMA at NET, but ...
[71]
Lymphatic filariasis - World Health Organization (WHO)
Nov 21, 2024 · The WHO recommended preventive chemotherapy strategy for lymphatic filariasis elimination is mass drug administration (MDA). MDA involves ...Cause And Transmission · Treatment · Morbidity Management
[72]
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: current perspectives on mass drug ...
Mar 6, 2018 · This paper focuses on current perspectives of mass drug administration (MDA) towards the elimination of LF. The goal of MDA is to reduce the ...
[73]
The Impact of Mass Drug Administration on Lymphatic Filariasis
Dec 28, 2022 · This study assessed the impact of MDA implementation on the control of LF in endemic areas and identifies specific challenges that may hinder effective ...3. Results · 3.2. Data Extraction · 4. Discussion
[74]
Mass drug administration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: A ...
Conclusion. This recent round of MDA was effective but still fear of side effects and lack of awareness were major challenges for the compliance of MDA drugs ...Original Article · 2. Materials And Methods · 3. Results
[75]
Are Alternative Strategies Required to Accelerate the Global ...
Jun 1, 2018 · Mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in a coastal state of India: a study on barriers to coverage and compliance.Abstract · Methods · Results
[76]
National Mass Drug Administration Costs for Lymphatic Filariasis ...
The study demonstrates that the costs of MDA programs for LF elimination are comparable to those estimated for other similar disease control and elimination ...
[77]
Challenges in mass drug administration for treating lymphatic ...
LF disease transmission can be stopped through a feasible, effective, and relatively inexpensive prevention strategy through mass drug administration (MDA) of ...
[78]
Antifilarial treatment strategies: a systematic review and network ...
May 16, 2025 · The World Health Organization (WHO) prescribes mass drug administration (MDA) to eradicate lymphatic filariasis within endemic populations.
[79]
Minimum Detectable Amount (MDA) - DOE Directives
The smallest amount (activity or mass) of an analyte in a sample that will be detected with a probability, β, of non-detection (Type II error)
[80]
[PDF] Chapter 20, Detection and Quantification Capabilities Overview - EPA
The minimum detectable value of the activity or mass of analyte in a sample is sometimes called the minimum detectable amount, which may be abbreviated as MDA ( ...
[81]
[PDF] NUREG-1507, Rev. 1, "Minimum Detectable Concentrations with ...
This document describes and quantitatively evaluates the effects of various factors on the detection sensitivity of commercially available portable field ...
[82]
[PDF] MWDS-TNI Standard-V1M6-Radiochemistry-11-1-14.pdf
the MDA must never be used instead of the critical value as a detection threshold. 106. Note 2: For the purpose of this Standard, the terms MDA and minimum ...
[83]
[PDF] Radiological Instrumentation
Typically, detection sensitivity has been defined (EPA 1980) as that level above which there is less than a 5% probability that radioactivity will be reported ...
[84]
Mass Determination of Megadalton-DNA Electrospray Ions Using ...
Bare mass calculated from average value of 615.9 Da per base pair for paired nucleotides without counterions or 307.9 Da per base without counterion for ss DNA.
[85]
Dalton - Sisneo Bioscience
When they are small they are measured in Da (daltons) and when they are larger they are measured in kDa (kilo daltons) or even MDA (mega daltons). Thus, ...
[86]
Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Neural-Network-Based Monolith ...
Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Neural-Network-Based Monolith and Partition Fault-Detection Schemes for Broken Rotor Bar in Induction Motors ... To read the ...<|separator|>
[87]
Multiple discriminant analysis for collaborative representation-based ...
We propose a novel dimensionality reduction method termed Multiple Discriminant Analysis for Collaborative Representation-based Classification (MDA-CRC).
[88]
[PDF] Multiple Signature Processing-Based Fault Detection Schemes for ...
Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) provides an appropriate environment to develop such fault detection schemes because of its multi-input processing ...
[89]
Physics-constrained neuroforecasting of time-dependent local scour ...
Evaluation criteria include using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Directional Accuracy (MDA), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), R-squared (R2), and Mean ...
[90]
Predictive Analytics of Air Temperature in Alaskan Permafrost ...
Jan 9, 2024 · ... determination, and the mean directional accuracy. Superior forecasting performance is achieved consistently using the proposed hybrid technique.
[91]
Combining Conv-LSTM and wind-wave data for enhanced sea wave ...
May 15, 2025 · A MASE value of one means that the model is not better than the naïve model. Finally, MDA (Mean Directional Accuracy), Equation (11) ...
[92]
MD - Moldova (the Republic of) - ISO
Full name. the Republic of Moldova ; Alpha-3 code. MDA ; Numeric code. 498 ; Independent. Yes ; Status. Officially assigned.
[93]
Panchkula gets metropolitan development authority
Jun 17, 2022 · Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar on Tuesday announced setting up of a Metropolitan Development Authority (MDA) for Panchkula, ...
[94]
abbreviation: mda - all meanings - Woxikon.com
MDA, Muscular Dystrophy Association ; MDA, Main Defensive Action/Area ; MDA, Moldova (ISO 3166 trigram) – Muscular Dystrophy Association ; MDA, Martindale Army ...Missing: professionals | Show results with:professionals<|control11|><|separator|>