Mack and Mabel
Mack & Mabel is a musical with a book by Michael Stewart and music and lyrics by Jerry Herman, chronicling the bittersweet romance and professional partnership between pioneering silent film director Mack Sennett and his star discovery, actress Mabel Normand, set against the backdrop of early Hollywood's transition from silent films to talkies.[1][2] The story unfolds through Sennett's narration, beginning in 1911 when he establishes Keystone Studios and transforms Normand from an artist's model into a comedic sensation, only for their personal and professional entanglements to unravel amid fame, jealousy, and industry changes by 1938.[1] Herman's score features memorable songs such as "I Won't Send Roses," "When Mabel Comes in the Room," and "Time Heals Everything," which capture the era's glamour and emotional depth.[1] The original Broadway production opened on October 6, 1974, at the Majestic Theatre, directed and choreographed by Gower Champion, with Robert Preston starring as Sennett and Bernadette Peters as Normand; it ran for 66 performances despite critical praise for its leads and music.[3][2] The show received eight Tony Award nominations in 1975, including for Best Musical, Best Actor, and Best Actress, though it won none, and has seen revivals, including a revised version by Francine Pascal that earned the 1995 Evening Standard Award for Best Musical in London.[3][1][2]Background and development
Conception and writing
The conception of Mack & Mabel stemmed from an idea by Leonard Spigelgass, a Hollywood screenwriter and close friend of Jerry Herman, who in 1971 pitched a musical celebrating the early days of silent films through the lens of director Mack Sennett and his star Mabel Normand.[4] Spigelgass, who had experience in both theater and film, saw potential in their real-life collaboration and romance as a vehicle for nostalgia and drama, initially approaching Edwin Lester of the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera to develop the project.[5] Herman, eager to explore the vibrant slapstick era, joined as composer and lyricist, describing the score as a "composer's dream" due to its opportunities to evoke ragtime rhythms, jangling pianos, and the exuberance of custard-pie comedy.[6] Herman drew inspiration from Sennett's pioneering Keystone Studios and Normand's rise from artist's model to comedy icon, researching their documented relationship which blended professional triumph with personal turmoil, including Normand's struggles with addiction and scandals linked to figures like William Desmond Taylor.[4] This historical foundation informed a fictionalized narrative emphasizing their unfulfilled romance, with Sennett's devotion to filmmaking forming a central conflict. The book, penned by Michael Stewart and announced in 1972, structured the story as a tragicomedy satirizing Hollywood's cutthroat glamour and the fleeting nature of silent-era fame, while weaving in elements like bathing beauties and chaotic film shoots to capture the industry's chaotic energy.[6] Herman's composition unfolded primarily from 1973 to 1974, yielding a score of upbeat ensemble numbers and introspective solos that contrasted the era's frivolity with underlying pathos; notably, he labored over "I Won't Send Roses," a ballad revealing Sennett's emotional guardedness, which Herman later called his most challenging song due to the character's aversion to vulnerability.[7] The team grappled with integrating historical details—such as Sennett's real-life reluctance in personal matters and Normand's tragic decline—with theatrical demands, aiming to humanize Sennett's arc from ambitious innovator to isolated figure without diluting the show's satirical bite or Herman's characteristically tuneful optimism.[5] Casting deliberations focused on performers who could embody the leads' complexities, with Robert Preston secured early for Sennett to leverage his authoritative stage presence in capturing the director's brusque charisma, while Bernadette Peters was chosen as Normand after producers dismissed initial options like Penny Fuller and Marcia Rodd, valuing her comedic timing and vulnerability to portray the star's fiery independence.[4]Pre-Broadway tryouts
The pre-Broadway tryouts for Mack and Mabel commenced at the San Diego Civic Theatre from June 17 to 22, 1974, where initial audience response was generally positive, though reviewers noted the need for refinements to enhance pacing and emotional depth.[8][9] The production then transferred to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, running from June 25 to August 17, 1974, allowing for extended testing in a major market with strong box office interest.[9][10] Subsequently, the show played at the Municipal Opera (The Muny) in St. Louis from August 19 to 25, 1974, an 11,000-seat outdoor amphitheater that amplified logistical challenges, including sound projection and visibility for intricate dance numbers, ultimately deemed a mismatch for the material.[9][4] The tryout concluded at the Kennedy Center Opera House in Washington, D.C., from September 3 to 28, 1974, where further adjustments were implemented ahead of the Broadway transfer.[9][11] Director-choreographer Gower Champion played a pivotal role in shaping the staging during rehearsals and tryouts, devoting extensive time to elaborate Keystone Kops chase sequences that captured the chaotic energy of silent-era comedy while integrating live action with projected film footage.[12][13] Scenic designer Robin Wagner created a versatile set representing Mack Sennett's derelict Hollywood studio, utilizing moving platforms, projections of vintage film clips, and modular elements to transition between eras and scenes efficiently.[4] Costume designer Patricia Zipprodt contributed period-authentic attire that evoked the glamour and whimsy of 1910s-1920s silent films, featuring flapper silhouettes, bathing beauty ensembles, and comedic cop uniforms to highlight the show's Keystone Studios theme.[14][3] Feedback from these engagements prompted substantial revisions, including efforts to streamline the second act's pacing to mitigate audience confusion over its darker tragic turns and to refine Mabel Normand's character arc for greater emotional coherence amid the score's optimistic melodies.[4] These alterations addressed a core tension between Champion's vision of a somber dramatic narrative and composer-lyricist Jerry Herman's lighter musical style, resulting in a more focused but still challenging show by the end of the tryout period.[4] Producer David Merrick oversaw the financing and logistical coordination for the entire out-of-town run, enabling the creative team to iterate based on real-time responses.[15]Original productions
Broadway premiere
Mack & Mabel premiered on Broadway on October 6, 1974, at the Majestic Theatre in New York City, following five previews.[3] The production, presented by David Merrick in association with Edwin H. Morris, was directed and choreographed by Gower Champion, with a book by Michael Stewart and music and lyrics by Jerry Herman.[3] Scenic design was by Robin Wagner, costume design by Patricia Zipprodt, lighting design by Tharon Musser, and sound consultation by Abe Jacob, whose work represented early innovations in Broadway audio integration for musicals of the era.[3][16] The original cast starred Robert Preston as Mack Sennett and Bernadette Peters as Mabel Normand, supported by a company that brought the silent film era to life through elaborate ensemble sequences. Key roles were filled by Lisa Kirk as Lottie Ames, James Mitchell as William Desmond Taylor, Christopher Murney as Charlie Muldoon, Jerry Dodge as Frank Wyman, Tom Batten as Mr. Kleinman, Robert Fitch as Wally, Cheryl Armstrong as Phyllis Foster, Marie Santell as Iris, and Stanley Simmonds as Eddie, with an ensemble portraying bathing beauties, grips, and other studio figures including John Almberg, Claudia Asbury, and Sandahl Bergman.[3][9][17] From pre-Broadway tryouts in San Diego and Los Angeles—as part of an extended tour that also included St. Louis and Washington, D.C., where significant revisions were made to the book and staging—the show enjoyed strong attendance. The Broadway staging incorporated further adjustments to streamline transitions and heighten the comedic impact of its Keystone Kops-inspired chase scenes, adapting them to the Majestic's proscenium for more dynamic visual flow.[4][1] Despite generating significant pre-opening buzz from its star power and Herman's reputation—building on brisk tryout sales—the production faced declining attendance after mixed reviews, with weekly grosses unable to sustain operations.[18] It closed on November 30, 1974, after 66 performances, even as it earned eight Tony Award nominations including Best Musical, Best Actor for Preston, and Best Actress for Peters.[3]1995 West End revival
A revised revival of Mack & Mabel opened in the West End on November 7, 1995, at the Piccadilly Theatre, where it played for 270 performances until June 29, 1996.[19][20] The show featured significant book revisions by Francine Pascal based on the original by Michael Stewart, notably omitting explicit references to Mabel Normand's tragic death to provide a more uplifting conclusion, adapting the narrative for broader appeal.[21] The London cast included Howard McGillin as Mack Sennett and Caroline O'Connor as Mabel Normand; supporting roles were filled by Kathryn Evans as Lottie Ames and Philip Herbert as Fatty Arbuckle.[21][22] Directed by Paul Kerryson, the staging incorporated adjustments for the Piccadilly's proscenium dimensions, with simplified choreography and sets compared to the Broadway version, emphasizing the score's strengths while streamlining visual elements for intimacy.[21] Promotion in the UK leveraged the musical's cultural familiarity, particularly Jerry Herman's "Time Heals Everything," popularized by Olympic skaters Torvill and Dean's 1984 routine, which drew strong press preview interest and positioned the show as a beloved score ripe for revival.[21] Reception differed from Broadway's swift closure, with critics praising the leads' chemistry and Herman's melodies but noting uneven pacing in the revised book; overall, it garnered positive attention for its tuneful energy, contributing to a respectable run.[21] Financially, the production achieved moderate success in the 1,200-seat venue, sustaining operations through consistent attendance without matching the blockbuster scale of concurrent West End hits, though exact box office figures remain undisclosed.[21]Synopsis
Act I
In 1938, an aging Mack Sennett returns to his former Keystone Studios in Hollywood, now forced to sell it due to the rise of talkies. Bitter and alone, he reminisces about the golden age of silent films ("Movies Were Movies"). The scene flashes back to 1911 in New York. Mack, an ambitious director, spots Mabel Normand, a feisty chorus girl and artist's model working as a sandwich delivery girl, after she disrupts one of his film shoots. Impressed by her natural comedic talent, he casts her in a short film, where she excels in a slapstick fight scene ("Look What Happened to Mabel"). Mabel quickly rises to stardom in the Keystone Comedies, becoming the female lead opposite Fatty Arbuckle in the "Fatty and Mabel" series. As the company's success grows, Mack secures backing to relocate to a larger studio in Edendale, California ("Big Time"). On the train to Hollywood, Mack and Mabel share a romantic moment and declare their love ("I Won't Send Roses"). In Hollywood, Mack's relentless focus on work strains their relationship. He insists on keeping Mabel in light comedies to make audiences laugh ("I Wanna Make the World Laugh"), but she yearns for more dramatic roles. Tensions escalate during a pie-throwing scene that humiliates her. Seeking respect as an actress, Mabel turns to the sophisticated director William Desmond Taylor, who promises her serious parts ("When Mabel Comes in the Room"). After a heated argument with Mack, she leaves him ("Wherever He Ain't"). To fill the void, Mack introduces his famous Bathing Beauties ("Hundreds of Girls"), but he remains heartbroken.Act II
Mabel returns to Keystone after a failed dramatic film, and Mack agrees to direct her in a serious role. However, he cannot resist adding comedic elements, leading to another clash. Desperate for escape, Mabel fully embraces the party lifestyle with Taylor, who introduces her to drugs ("My Heart Leaps"). Years pass amid escalating scandals. The murder of Taylor implicates Mabel, and rumors of her drug use damage her reputation ("Tap Your Troubles Away"). Meanwhile, external pressures like the Fatty Arbuckle scandal and the Great Depression hit Hollywood hard. Mabel's health deteriorates from addiction, and by 1930, she dies of tuberculosis, alone and forgotten. Back in 1938, Mack reflects on his lost love and the end of an era ("Time Heals Everything"). Unable to accept the tragedy, he imagines a fantasy sequence where he and Mabel reunite in a lavish slapstick wedding ("I Promise You a Happy Ending"), providing a bittersweet resolution.[1][23][2]Musical numbers
The following is the list of musical numbers in the original Broadway production of Mack & Mabel.[24][25]Act I
- "Overture" – Orchestra
- "Movies Were Movies" – Mack Sennett
- "Look What Happened to Mabel" – Mabel Normand and Company
- "Big Time" – Lottie Ames and Company
- "I Won't Send Roses" – Mack Sennett
- "I Promise You a Happy Ending" – Mabel Normand
- "Hand Me the Purple" – Mabel Normand and Company
- "When Mabel Comes in the Room" – Mack Sennett
Act II
Roles and casts
The following table lists the principal roles in Mack & Mabel along with the actors who originated them in the 1974 Broadway production.[3][9]| Role | Actor (1974 Broadway) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mack Sennett | Robert Preston | Pioneering silent film director and narrator. |
| Mabel Normand | Bernadette Peters | Sennett's star actress and love interest. |
| Lottie Ames | Lisa Kirk | Mabel's friend and a performer. |
| William Desmond Taylor | James Mitchell | A director and Mabel's suitor. |
| Frank Wyman | Jerry Dodge | Young Frank Capra, an aspiring filmmaker. |
| Fatty (Charlie Muldoon) | Christopher Murney | Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, a Keystone comedian. |
| Biographer | John Almberg | Sennett's biographer framing the story. |
| Mr. Kleiman | Jack Dodson | Studio executive (based on Adam Kessel). |
| Iris | Barbara Lang | Wardrobe mistress. |
| Phyllis Foster | Chita Rivera | Supporting role in the ensemble. |
Subsequent productions and revivals
Major revivals
The first major professional revival of Mack and Mabel occurred in 1988 as a concert version at London's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, featuring Denis Quilley as Mack Sennett and shared Mabel Normand roles performed by Paige O'Hara, Frances Ruffelle, and Debbie Gravitte, among a star-studded ensemble.[26] This production, directed by David Toguri, emphasized the musical's score through minimal staging and highlighted Jerry Herman's melodies in a one-night benefit event that showcased the show's enduring appeal despite its original Broadway shortcomings. A more fully staged revival followed in 1995 at London's Piccadilly Theatre, directed by Paul Kerryson with choreography by Michael Smuin, running for 270 performances until June 1996.[19] Starring Howard McGillin as Mack and Caroline O'Connor as Mabel, this production incorporated revisions to the book by Francine Pascal, including a new optimistic ending where the leads reunite, along with the added song "Hit 'Em on the Head with a Mallet" to better align the narrative with modern sensibilities.[21] The staging innovated by updating the choreography to blend silent-era slapstick with contemporary dance elements, making the Keystone Studios sequences more dynamic for British audiences.[27] In 2000, Los Angeles' Reprise! series presented a semi-staged concert version at the UCLA Freud Playhouse, directed by Arthur Allan Seidelman, with Douglas Sills as Mack and Jane Krakowski as Mabel.[28] Running for a limited engagement of 12 performances, it retained the 1995 revisions but focused on intimate vocal interpretations, allowing Krakowski's vibrant performance to infuse Mabel's arc with fresh comedic energy while Sills conveyed Mack's gruff vulnerability.[29] Directorial choices emphasized emotional depth over spectacle, updating the choreography to incorporate subtle physical comedy suited to the smaller venue.[30] The 2004 revival at Connecticut's Goodspeed Opera House, directed by Greg Ganakas, marked another significant revisionary effort, running from October to December with Scott Waara as Mack and Christiane Noll as Mabel.[31] This production streamlined the script further, incorporating Jerry Herman's input to heighten the romantic tension and add transitional scenes for smoother pacing, while the choreography by Michael Tapley modernized the ensemble numbers with agile, film-noir-inspired movements to evoke early Hollywood without relying on outdated vaudeville tropes.[32] It received praise for balancing the musical's bittersweet tone, establishing it as a template for future stagings.[33] A 2006 British revival originated at the Watermill Theatre in Newbury, directed by John Doyle, before transferring to London's Criterion Theatre for a limited run, featuring David Soul as Mack and Janie Dee as Mabel (following Anna-Jane Casey in the initial Watermill run).[34] Doyle's direction innovated by using a thrust stage to immerse audiences in the silent film world, with projections and stylized choreography by Stephen Mear that updated the custard-pie fights into fluid, balletic sequences appealing to contemporary viewers.[35] The production retained the revised ending but emphasized thematic depth on fame's costs, running successfully for several months.[36] The 2012 revival at Southwark Playhouse in London, directed by Thom Southerland, featured Norman Bowman as Mack and Laura Pitt-Pulford as Mabel in an intimate staging with high production values for a fringe venue.[37] Running from June to August, it used the revised script and earned praise for its energetic ensemble and effective use of projections to evoke early Hollywood, highlighting the score's strengths in a compact space.[38] The 2015 Chichester Festival Theatre revival, directed by Jonathan Church, starred Michael Ball as Mack and Rebecca LaChance as Mabel, playing from July to September before a UK tour.[39] Church's staging featured innovative choreography by Stephen Mear that reimagined the ensemble dances with high-energy tap and acrobatics, modernizing the Keystone aesthetic while preserving Herman's score's nostalgic charm.[40] Ball's nuanced portrayal highlighted Mack's regrets, contributing to the production's critical acclaim for revitalizing the musical's emotional core.[41]Recent productions (post-2020)
In February 2024, All Roads Theatre Company presented a fully staged concert version of Mack & Mabel from February 16 to 18 at the El Portal Theatre in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, as the Equity company's inaugural production.[42] Directed and choreographed by Scott Thompson, with musical direction by co-founder Fred Barton leading an 18-piece orchestra, the production starred Dermot Mulroney as Mack Sennett, Jenna Lea Rosen as Mabel Normand, and Caroline O'Connor as Lottie Ames, supported by a 40-member cast incorporating Keystone Cops-style choreography.[43][44] This event highlighted the musical's enduring appeal amid post-pandemic recovery in regional theater, though no full tours or additional major stagings have been announced as of November 2025.[45]Reception
Critical response
The original Broadway production of Mack and Mabel in 1974 received mixed reviews, with critics praising Jerry Herman's score while lamenting weaknesses in the book and pacing. Clive Barnes of The New York Times lauded the tuneful music and lively staging as evoking "a musical in the old and true tradition," highlighting the score's appeal alongside Bernadette Peters's vibrant performance as Mabel Normand.[46] However, Walter Kerr in the same publication described the show as dispiriting, criticizing Michael Stewart's libretto for lacking a coherent emotional narrative and failing to build momentum, resulting in slow pacing and dim humor that undermined the talent involved.[47] Other reviewers echoed these sentiments; Martin Gottfried noted the evident hard work but found it lacking deeper substance, while Douglas Watt expressed pity for the production's unrealized potential.[6] John Simon offered a contrarian view, calling it an "undervalued masterpiece" infused with existential insight and enrapturing melodies, particularly appreciating Robert Preston's portrayal of Mack Sennett.[6] Revivals have often fared better in critical reception, emphasizing the score's strengths and innovative staging to mitigate the original's shortcomings. The 2020 Encores! production at New York City Center was lauded for its fresh energy, with Ben Brantley of The New York Times praising Jerry Herman's buoyant score as the highlight and the inventive direction by Josh Rhodes for infusing the troubled romance with passion and visual flair, though the book's dramatic inconsistencies remained evident.[48] Similarly, the 2015 Chichester Festival Theatre revival drew acclaim for its emotional depth, particularly Michael Ball's magisterial Sennett and the haunting exploration of the central couple's dynamics in numbers like "I Won't Send Roses"; The Guardian noted how the production's exuberant choreography and designs amplified the Hollywood homage while acknowledging the second act's sagging momentum and underdeveloped tragedy.[40] Across productions, recurring themes in critiques include the score's tuneful homage to early Hollywood—exemplified by standards like "Time Heals Everything"—contrasted with flaws in the romance plot's pacing and the show's historical liberties with Sennett and Normand's real-life relationship, often leaving the narrative feeling uneven or overly sentimental.[40] Aggregate responses from outlets like Variety and The New York Times archives reflect this divide, with the music consistently earning high marks amid broader reservations about dramatic cohesion.[6]Awards and nominations
The original Broadway production of Mack and Mabel received widespread recognition during the 1974–1975 season, earning eight nominations at the 29th Tony Awards but no wins.[3] It also garnered four nominations at the Drama Desk Awards, highlighting achievements in performance, direction, and music.[3][2]| Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Best Musical | David Merrick, Producer | Nominated |
| Best Book of a Musical | Michael Stewart | Nominated |
| Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical | Robert Preston | Nominated |
| Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical | Bernadette Peters | Nominated |
| Best Direction of a Musical | Gower Champion | Nominated |
| Best Choreography | Gower Champion | Nominated |
| Best Costume Design | Patricia Zipprodt | Nominated |
| Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical | James Mitchell | Nominated |
| Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Outstanding Actor in a Musical | Robert Preston | Nominated |
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical | Bernadette Peters | Nominated |
| Outstanding Director of a Musical | Gower Champion | Nominated |
| Outstanding Music and Lyrics | Jerry Herman | Nominated |
Legacy
Cultural impact
Despite its initial commercial failure on Broadway, Mack & Mabel has exerted a notable influence on subsequent theater works exploring Hollywood's silent era and the personal toll of stardom. The musical's depiction of the tumultuous relationship between Mack Sennett and Mabel Normand, framed against the backdrop of early filmmaking's chaos, echoes in later productions like Andrew Lloyd Webber's Sunset Boulevard (1993), which similarly probes the faded glory and emotional isolation of silent film icons through a lens of ambition and regret.[50][6] In educational contexts, Mack & Mabel serves as a key text for studying Jerry Herman's oeuvre, illustrating his signature blend of optimistic melodies with underlying melancholy, while also providing insight into the silent era's cultural significance. Theater programs and study guides from institutions such as New York City Center's Encores! series and the Shaw Festival Theatre incorporate the musical to teach students about historical representation in musical theater, emphasizing themes of innovation and loss in early 20th-century entertainment.[4][51] The character of Mabel Normand has sparked critiques of gender dynamics in the male-dominated film industry, portraying her rise from delivery girl to star as a narrative of agency amid exploitation and addiction. This arc has informed feminist analyses of women's contributions to early cinema, as explored in scholarly work on Normand's legacy, where the musical's 2015 revival is cited as prompting reevaluations of her as a trailblazing comedian challenging traditional roles.[52] Such discussions highlight how Normand's story in Mack & Mabel contributes to broader conversations on gender in Hollywood history.[53] References to Mack & Mabel abound in literature on Broadway's successes and failures, often positioning it as a "cult classic" flop with an enduring score. Ken Mandelbaum's Not Since Carrie: Forty Years of Broadway Musical Flops (1991) praises its music as one of the finest from a failed show, analyzing how structural issues overshadowed Herman's compositions and influencing studies of musical theater pitfalls.[54] Biographies of Jerry Herman, such as those detailing his career trajectory, frequently cite the musical as a pivotal, if bittersweet, entry in his catalog.[55] Globally, the musical has sustained interest through numerous professional productions since 1974, including major revivals in London (1988, 1995), New York (2000, 2020), and recent 2024 productions at El Portal Theatre in Los Angeles and Fountain Hills Theater in Arizona, demonstrating its appeal beyond its original run.[1][56][57][58]Recordings and adaptations
The original Broadway cast recording of Mack & Mabel was released in 1974 by MCA Records, capturing the performances of Robert Preston as Mack Sennett and Bernadette Peters as Mabel Normand, along with the full ensemble.[59] Produced under the direction of Jerry Herman, the album features 14 tracks from the score, highlighting Herman's melodic contributions to the silent film-era story.[17] The track listing is as follows:| Track | Title | Duration | Performers |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Overture | 4:36 | Orchestra |
| 2 | Movies Were Movies | 2:41 | Robert Preston |
| 3 | Look What Happened to Mabel | 3:38 | Bernadette Peters & Company |
| 4 | Big Time | 2:53 | Lisa Kirk |
| 5 | I Won't Send Roses | 3:06 | Robert Preston |
| 6 | Reprise: I Won't Send Roses | 2:06 | Bernadette Peters |
| 7 | I Wanna Make the World Laugh | 2:05 | Robert Preston & Company |
| 8 | Wherever He Ain't | 3:02 | Bernadette Peters |
| 9 | Hundreds of Girls | 3:32 | Robert Preston & The Bathing Beauties |
| 10 | When Mabel Comes in the Room | 5:29 | Stanley Simmonds & Full Company |
| 11 | My Heart Leaps Up | 2:18 | Robert Preston |
| 12 | Time Heals Everything | 3:20 | Bernadette Peters |
| 13 | Tap Your Troubles Away | 2:59 | Lisa Kirk & The Girls |
| 14 | I Promise You a Happy Ending | 2:49 | Robert Preston |