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Marsa Matrouh

Marsa Matrouh is a Mediterranean port city in northwestern Egypt, serving as the capital of Matrouh Governorate, which spans approximately 166,000 square kilometers along a 550-kilometer coastal strip bordered by Libya to the west and the New Valley Governorate to the south.^[1] With a resident population of around 176,000, the city functions primarily as a seasonal tourism hub, attracting millions of domestic visitors each summer for its white-sand beaches, clear waters, and mild climate, while its economy also encompasses fishing and infrastructure developments like port expansions.^[2]^[3] Archaeological evidence points to ancient origins, including Egyptian temples from the Ramesside period around 1200 BCE and nearby Roman-era tombs, underscoring its historical role as a maritime settlement amid the broader North African coastal trade networks.^[4] The city's strategic location has influenced regional events, such as its use as a logistical base during the Second World War's North African campaign, though modern growth emphasizes sustainable tourism amid challenges like coastal urbanization and foreign investments in nearby resorts.^[5]^[6]

History

Ancient and Pre-Modern Periods

Marsa Matruh's recorded history begins in the Late Bronze Age, with Bates' Island in its eastern lagoon serving as a seasonal trading outpost around the 14th century BCE. Excavations by the University of Pennsylvania Museum uncovered a modest shelter structure alongside pottery sherds from Mycenaean Greece, Canaanite regions, Cyprus, and local Egyptian sources, indicating multicultural maritime exchange among seafarers en route between the Aegean and Levantine coasts during non-winter months.^[7]^[8] This site underscores the area's early role in facilitating overland and sea trade across North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean, with artifacts like ostrich eggshell fragments suggesting connections to desert nomads such as Libyans.^[9] During the New Kingdom, particularly under Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BCE), the locality—known as Amunia, derived from the god Amun—gained pharaonic attention as a strategic coastal anchorage and hosted a temple. Approximately 25 kilometers west, the fortress-town of Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham was established as a fortified military and administrative center, enclosing barracks, granaries, and chapels dedicated to the deified pharaoh, to defend against Libyan threats and safeguard desert trade routes extending Egypt's influence westward.^[10]^[11]^[12] Inscriptions and architecture at the site reflect centralized royal control over borderlands, with a garrison likely numbering several hundred to monitor and tax passing caravans and ships. In the Greco-Roman period, renamed Paraetonium, Marsa Matruh emerged as a vital port for trans-Mediterranean commerce, evidenced by extensive Roman-era remains. Recent Egyptian excavations in the Umm al-Rakham vicinity revealed a necropolis featuring two catacomb-style rock-cut tombs with 29 burial loculi, alongside a bathhouse complex including reception halls, seating benches, bathing pools, and drainage systems.^[13] Artifacts such as glass lamps, carved stone altars, a statue of a toga-clad man, a ram figure, a female bust, and bronze coins date primarily to the 1st–3rd centuries CE, affirming the settlement's prosperity through trade in goods like grain, oil, and textiles until late antiquity.^[14]^[15] Post-Roman and early Islamic periods (Byzantine through Fatimid/Mamluk eras) show limited archaeological or textual evidence of continuous occupation, with the area reverting to sporadic use as a fishing harbor and anchorage amid regional decline in coastal settlements; no major medieval structures or inscriptions have been documented, suggesting a small, transient population reliant on maritime activities until Ottoman resurgence.^[16]

Ottoman and Modern Development

During the Ottoman era, Marsa Matrouh functioned primarily as a remote anchorage and small fishing settlement along Egypt's Mediterranean coast, with scant evidence of significant administrative, economic, or urban development.^[17] The locality, inhabited largely by Bedouin families, saw minimal population or infrastructural growth, remaining peripheral to major Ottoman trade routes and centers of power in Egypt. Historical records indicate no major ports, fortifications, or settlements beyond basic maritime stopover use, consistent with its Arabic name denoting an isolated harbor.^[17] In the late 19th century, under Khedivial rule nominally aligned with Ottoman suzerainty, initial administrative presence emerged through the establishment of a customs branch, facilitating limited cross-border trade with Libya and marking the site's transition from neglect.^[18] The Sidi 'Awam Mosque's inauguration around this period, overseen by officials like Ahmad Shafiq under Khedive Abbas Hilmi II (r. 1892–1914), represented one of the few documented cultural investments, underscoring modest efforts to integrate the area into Egyptian governance structures.^[19] Entering the 20th century, Marsa Matrouh remained a modest village of approximately 20 white-plastered, single-story houses clustered around local Bedouin communities and foreign traders, supporting rudimentary market activities rather than large-scale commerce.^[20] By the 1930s, early signs of modernization appeared, including basic port facilities and road connections, as captured in 1938 aerial surveys showing a compact settlement poised for expansion amid growing regional connectivity.^[17] This pre-World War II phase laid foundational infrastructure, shifting the town from seasonal anchorage to a nascent hub for coastal trade and settlement, though population and built environment stayed limited to a few hundred residents.^[20]

World War II and Post-War Era

During World War II, Mersa Matruh functioned as a vital British military base and port in Egypt's Western Desert, serving as the terminus of the Egyptian state railway and a primary supply hub approximately 240 kilometers (150 miles) west of Alexandria. The surrounding area featured extensive fortifications, including the Baggush Box—a fortified defensive zone east of the city designed to halt Axis advances from Libya—and was reinforced with minefields, anti-tank obstacles, and barbed wire to protect against Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps. British forces, including elements of the Western Desert Force, utilized the port for logistics during earlier phases of the campaign, such as Operation Compass in 1940–1941, where it supported retreats and counteroffensives.^[21]^[22] The Battle of Mersa Matruh, fought from June 26 to 29, 1942, marked a pivotal Axis success following their victory at Gazala earlier that month. After the defeat at Gazala, British Eighth Army commander General Claude Auchinleck ordered a withdrawal to the Mersa Matruh line, where approximately 170,000 troops, including the 13th and 50th Infantry Divisions, prepared static defenses in "boxes" around the port. Rommel's Panzer Army Africa, comprising around 100,000 men and 500 tanks, executed a flanking maneuver through the Qattara Depression, bypassing minefields and enveloping the British positions; this led to chaotic retreats, heavy casualties (over 6,000 British troops captured), and the loss of significant materiel, including 500 vehicles and artillery pieces. The port fell to Axis forces on June 29, enabling Rommel's advance to El Alamein, though supply strains ultimately halted further progress.^[23]^[22]^[21] In the post-war era, Mersa Matruh recovered from wartime damage to its infrastructure, with the port resuming civilian operations for grain exports and fishing by the late 1940s, leveraging Roman-era foundations augmented during the conflict. British military presence diminished after 1945, shifting local economy toward agriculture and coastal trade under Egyptian administration following independence in 1952. Urban expansion was gradual, with population growth from around 10,000 in the 1940s to over 50,000 by the 1970s, driven by government investments in roads and water supply that facilitated seasonal migration from Cairo and Alexandria; however, large-scale tourism development, emphasizing beaches like Rommel Beach (named for the wartime commander), accelerated primarily in the 1980s rather than immediately post-war.^[22]^[24]

Geography

Location and Physical Features

Marsa Matrouh is positioned along the Mediterranean Sea coastline in northwestern Egypt, functioning as the administrative capital of Matrouh Governorate. The city lies roughly 290 kilometers west of Alexandria and 524 kilometers northwest of Cairo, accessible via the coastal highway connecting the Nile Delta to the Libyan border.^[25] ^[26] The local terrain consists of a flat coastal plain at low elevation, averaging around 7 to 37 meters above sea level, with the urban area situated near sea level adjacent to a sheltered bay. This bay is naturally protected from rough seas by offshore rock formations, contributing to calm, transparent waters and expansive white sand beaches extending approximately 7 kilometers in length. Inland, the landscape transitions to sandy dunes and rocky outcrops, with some beaches like Ageeba framed by limestone cliffs rising prominently from the shore.^[27] ^[28] ^[29]

Climate and Environmental Conditions

Marsa Matrouh has a hot desert climate classified as BWh under the Köppen-Geiger system, with mild winters moderated by the Mediterranean Sea and hot, dry summers.^[30] The average annual temperature is approximately 20 °C (68 °F).^[30] Summers, from June to September, feature average high temperatures of 27–29 °C (81–85 °F) and lows of 20–23 °C (68–73 °F), accompanied by high humidity levels that make conditions muggy, particularly peaking in August with nearly 28 muggy days on average.^[31] Winters, spanning December to February, are cooler and windier, with highs around 18–19 °C (64–66 °F) and lows of 10–11 °C (50–52 °F).^[31] Precipitation is scarce, totaling 100–150 mm (4–6 inches) annually, concentrated in the winter months of December and January, which each receive about 20–30 mm (0.8–1.2 inches).^[32] ^[33] Winds are persistent, averaging 16–21 km/h (10–13 mph) year-round, with the strongest gusts in winter reaching higher speeds due to northerly Mediterranean influences, contributing to the area's reputation for breezy coastal conditions.^[31] Sea surface temperatures vary from about 17 °C (62 °F) in March to 27 °C (80 °F) in August, supporting seasonal beach tourism.^[31] The surrounding environment is arid semi-desert, with sandy dunes and rocky plateaus inland, transitioning to sheltered bays and lagoons along the coast that provide natural harbors but are vulnerable to erosion and sedimentation.^[34] Human activities, including tourism infrastructure, urban expansion, and inadequate waste management, have exacerbated coastal degradation, particularly in lagoons such as Cleopatra's Lagoon, where accretion at entrances and erosion of shorelines have altered morphology and reduced water circulation since the early 2000s.^[35] Sediments show elevated levels of trace metals like vanadium, aluminum, arsenic, and selenium, linked to anthropogenic inputs, though concentrations in seawater and biota remain below acute toxicity thresholds in monitored beaches.^[36] Water quality in coastal areas has declined due to untreated sewage and seasonal tourist pressures, prompting calls for integrated management to mitigate saltwater intrusion and habitat loss.^[37]

Demographics and Society

Population Dynamics

The population of Matrouh Governorate, with Marsa Matrouh as its administrative capital and primary urban center, stood at 538,546 residents as of January 1, 2023, according to estimates from Egypt's Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). This figure rose to 557,193 by January 1, 2024, reflecting an annual growth rate of approximately 3.5 percent over that period. Such rates surpass Egypt's national average of about 1.4 percent decline in growth momentum as of 2023, driven by a combination of elevated natural increase and net positive migration.^[38] High fertility contributes significantly to this expansion, with Matrouh recording one of Egypt's highest total fertility rates at roughly 4.4 children per woman, exceeding the national average of around 3.0.^[39] Crude birth rates in the governorate were estimated at 50.6 per 1,000 population in 2015, paired with a low crude death rate of 4 per 1,000, yielding a robust natural growth component.^[40] Internal migration from southern and inland governorates, such as Sohag and Qena, further accelerates urbanization in Marsa Matrouh, as workers seek employment in the expanding tourism sector, including hotels and coastal developments.^[41] This influx has led to population densities in the city's kism (urban-rural administrative unit) reaching about 92 persons per square kilometer as of recent estimates, contrasting sharply with the governorate's overall low density of 3.3 persons per square kilometer across its vast 166,563 square kilometers.^[42] These dynamics underscore a shift from sparse Bedouin nomadic patterns to concentrated coastal settlement, fueled by economic opportunities rather than solely agricultural or industrial bases. While official CAPMAS data emphasizes resident counts, seasonal tourism swells the transient population during summer, straining infrastructure but not altering long-term resident trends. Projections suggest continued growth, potentially reaching 600,000 governorate-wide by mid-decade if migration and fertility patterns persist, though national policies aim to moderate overall Egyptian population pressures.^[38]

Ethnic and Cultural Composition

The ethnic composition of Marsa Matrouh is dominated by Bedouin Arabs, with the Awlad Ali tribe—originating from the Beni Sulaim confederation—forming approximately 85% of the city's roughly 150,000 inhabitants as of recent estimates.^[43] Other Bedouin groups include the Jumiaat, an earlier Beni Sulaim branch, and the Saada tribe with subgroups such as Jibarna, Aqaqra, and Beni Sallam.^[44] A secondary ethnic layer consists of "Sons of the Nile Valley," referring to migrants from Egypt's interior who settled in the area since the 1960s, primarily in administrative, military, or urban roles; these settlers, ethnically Arab Egyptians, have integrated through intermarriages with Bedouin families.^[44] Minor influences from Libyan, Sudanese, and historical Greek communities exist but remain marginal in demographic terms.^[44] Culturally, Bedouin traditions prevail, characterized by strong tribal kinship networks, patrilineal structures, and adaptations of nomadic pastoralism to semi-urban life, including continued camel herding and resource-based livelihoods like herding and subsistence farming.^[45] ^[43] The five principal tribes in Matrouh Governorate, including variants of Awlad Ali (such as Abyad and Ahmar) and the Senennah, trace migrations to the Islamic conquests and subsequent waves up to the 17th century, fostering a desert-oriented heritage with limited historical maritime engagement.^[45] This Bedouin dominance shapes social norms, with male-led activities in traditional sectors and preservation of ancestral tools and practices amid modern tourism pressures.^[44] Linguistic diversity reflects this, with Egyptian Arabic predominant (around 68% in the governorate), supplemented by Bedouin Arabic dialects (1.6%) and Sa'idi variants from Nile Valley migrants (29%).^[40] Religiously, the population is overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, aligning with broader Egyptian norms, though tribal affiliations often supersede other identities in local governance and conflict resolution.^[46] Overall, moderate socio-cultural diversity persists, blending Bedouin autonomy with settler influences, yet without significant non-Arab or non-Muslim minorities in the urban core.^[44]

Economy

Tourism and Hospitality Sector

Marsa Matrouh's tourism and hospitality sector primarily revolves around seasonal beach vacations, drawing predominantly domestic Egyptian tourists during the summer months due to its 10-kilometer stretch of white-sand beaches and clear Mediterranean waters.^[3] The sector contributes significantly to the local economy, supported by a network of resorts and hotels catering to holidaymakers seeking respite from inland heat. Key attractions like Cleopatra's Bath, a natural rock pool, and associated sites such as the glass walkway, attract over three million visitors annually, underscoring the area's appeal for day trips and short stays.^[47] The hospitality infrastructure includes approximately 14 major resorts and around 40 independent hotels, with hotel chains like Jaz Hotel Group operating five properties totaling 1,288 rooms in the region.^[48]^[49] Establishments such as Jaz Almaza Beach Resort and Porto Matrouh Beach Resort provide amenities including private beaches, pools, and dining, targeting families and groups.^[50] This setup aligns with Egypt's broader tourism recovery, where coastal destinations like the North Coast, including Marsa Matrouh, benefit from national growth in visitor numbers exceeding 14.9 million in 2023 and projected toward 18 million in 2025.^[51]^[52] Despite the influx, tourism remains highly seasonal, with peak occupancy in July and August leading to temporary population surges beyond the city's resident base of under 100,000.^[3] Historical data indicate around 45,000 overnight stays annually in Marsa Matrouh and nearby El Alamein, though recent expansions in North Coast developments suggest potential increases amid Egypt's hospitality market growth from $3.78 billion in 2024.^[53]^[54] Efforts to extend the season include infrastructure improvements, but challenges persist from over-reliance on domestic demand and environmental pressures on coastal ecosystems.^[55]

Real Estate and Development

The real estate market in Marsa Matrouh has expanded rapidly as part of Egypt's North Coast boom, fueled by tourism demand and foreign capital inflows exceeding $150 billion, predominantly from Gulf investors targeting luxury coastal properties.^[56]^[57] This growth has transformed underdeveloped stretches into high-end resorts and residential enclaves, with developers reporting strong summer sales, including units in Marsa Matrouh-specific projects contributing to over LE12 billion in contracted sales across coastal areas in the first half of 2025.^[58] Key developments include luxury resorts like Ajar Resort and Marsa Baghush, offering chalets and villas with starting prices around 17.1 million Egyptian pounds (EGP), often featuring installment plans with 5% down payments over up to eight years.^[59] In the city proper, available properties range from modest apartments at 750,000 EGP to expansive villas exceeding 80 million EGP, reflecting a market skewed toward vacation homes and investment units near beaches.^[60] Urban projects such as Zahret Matrouh in nearby Garawla provide mixed-use residential-commercial buildings, with 156 units completed to support media and tourism-related housing.^[61] Property prices have surged due to demand from Gulf buyers, expatriates, and domestic elites, with premium North Coast villas averaging tens of millions of EGP, prompting warnings of an affordability crisis and potential speculative bubble.^[62] Government initiatives, including approved strategic plans for 21 villages in Matrouh Governorate as of 2025, aim to guide sustainable expansion, while larger-scale efforts like the Gargoub Seaport integrate real estate with port infrastructure to foster regional economic hubs.^[63]^[64] Complementary projects, such as the New Alamein Towers—a major residential complex in the governorate—further bolster housing stock with thousands of units targeted at middle- and upper-income buyers.^[65]

Other Economic Activities

Fishing serves as a key non-tourism economic sector in Marsa Matrouh, leveraging its Mediterranean port facilities for both artisanal and commercial operations. The port records official annual fish landings of approximately 270 tons, mainly from deep-sea trawling by larger vessels, with catches including species integrated into local diets and exported to markets like Alexandria.^[66] Artisanal fishing persists among coastal communities, including Bedouin groups, but output ranks lowest among Egyptian ports due to overexploitation by industrial fleets depleting stocks.^[67]^[68] Aquaculture projects represent emerging diversification, notably a bluefin tuna breeding and fattening facility in Jarjoub, about 50 kilometers west of the city, which approached operational readiness in early 2023 to boost sustainable marine protein production.^[69] Agriculture remains marginal, constrained by the arid North Coast's erratic rainfall (averaging under 150 mm annually) and acute water shortages, which hinder staple crops like barley and wheat. Initiatives by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) promote drought-resistant varieties and soil management for rain-fed systems, targeting smallholder viability.^[70] Livestock grazing and limited market gardening supplement incomes in surrounding rural areas, drawing on traditional practices amid broader governorate efforts to expand irrigated plots via desalination projects like El Dabaa.^[44]^[71]

Government and Infrastructure

Administration and Governance

Marsa Matrouh serves as the capital and primary administrative hub of Matrouh Governorate, which encompasses the city's governance within Egypt's provincial structure. Egypt's system divides the country into 27 governorates, each administered by a governor appointed directly by the President of the Republic, who holds executive authority over local policies, budgeting, and development initiatives.^[72] The governor coordinates with a governorate council comprising elected and appointed members to oversee subordinate units, including cities like Marsa Matrouh, centers, districts, and villages, ensuring alignment with national directives on infrastructure, services, and security.^[72] As of July 2024, Major General Khaled Shuaib Mahmoud Hussein holds the position of Governor of Matrouh Governorate, a role involving oversight of regional projects such as coastal zone management and urban planning.^[73] Local municipal affairs in Marsa Matrouh, including public services, waste management, and community development, are managed through city-level councils subordinate to the governorate, with powers delegated for legislative and budgetary decisions at lower tiers but subject to gubernatorial approval.^[72] This structure emphasizes centralized executive control while incorporating local input, as evidenced by ongoing initiatives like the 17.3 billion EGP investment allocation for 2023/2024 focused on development in the governorate.^[74]

Transportation Networks

Marsa Matrouh is connected to major Egyptian cities primarily via road and rail networks, with ongoing high-speed rail development aimed at enhancing connectivity. The city lies along Egypt's Mediterranean coast, approximately 538 kilometers west of Cairo, facilitating overland travel for both passengers and freight.^[75] Buses operated by the West Delta Bus Company provide regular service from Cairo to Marsa Matrouh, covering the distance in about 8-10 hours, serving as a cost-effective option for domestic travelers.^[76] Rail transport includes conventional services from Cairo's Ramses Station to Marsa Matruh Station, with Egyptian National Railways operating three daily trains that take approximately 7 hours and 45 minutes, with fares ranging from $40 to $80 depending on class.^[75] Specific schedules include departures from Marsa Matruh every Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday at 10:30 PM, arriving in Cairo at 5:35 AM, alongside return services.^[77] A significant upgrade is underway with Egypt's first high-speed electric rail line, spanning 660 kilometers from Ain Sokhna on the Red Sea to Marsa Matrouh, reported 67% complete as of September 28, 2025, featuring 22 stations to boost tourism and logistics integration.^[78] This project, part of a broader national network, prioritizes both passenger and freight capacity, connecting coastal ports while addressing redundancy in existing routes.^[79] Road infrastructure includes segments of the Mediterranean Coastal Highway linking Marsa Matrouh eastward to Port Said and westward toward the Libyan border, supporting vehicular traffic amid Egypt's expansion of 7,000 kilometers of new roads nationwide by 2025.^[80] In Matrouh Governorate, six road projects totaling 270 kilometers were implemented in fiscal year 2020/2021 to improve local access and connectivity.^[81] Marsa Matruh International Airport (MUH/HEMM) handles limited scheduled flights, primarily seasonal non-stop services to Italian destinations such as Milan Malpensa, Rimini, Rome Fiumicino, and Verona, operated year-round or seasonally to support summer tourism.^[82] No regular domestic flights originate from the airport, with travelers typically relying on ground transport for inter-city links.^[82] Maritime access is provided by Mersa Matruh Port, featuring three concrete jetties including a western berth over 300 meters long with drafts of 7-10 meters, accommodating general cargo and smaller vessels for regional shipping and logistics.^[83] Nearby developments, such as the Gargoub Seaport project, allocate 500,000 square meters for expanded facilities with a 500-meter berth at 17 meters depth, positioning the area as a Mediterranean logistics hub.^[64]

Attractions and Tourism

Historical and Cultural Sites

Marsa Matrouh preserves historical sites reflecting its role as a Mediterranean coastal settlement from ancient Egyptian times through the Roman era and into the 20th century. Key attractions include remnants of Pharaonic temples, Roman burials, and World War II military installations, underscoring the area's strategic importance for trade, conquest, and defense.^[13]^[84]^[85] Among ancient sites, the ruins of a temple dedicated to Pharaoh Ramesses II, constructed around 1200 BC, lie approximately 24 kilometers west of the city center. These remnants highlight early Egyptian architectural influence in the region, though limited excavation has preserved only foundational structures.^[84] Roman-era discoveries further enrich the site's antiquity. In August 2024, archaeologists uncovered a necropolis featuring two catacomb-style rock-cut tombs with 29 burial chambers, along with glass lamps, carved stone vessels, and pottery shards indicative of Mediterranean trade networks. This find, located near the ancient city of Amm Rakham, confirms Marsa Matrouh's function as a Roman commercial hub between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD.^[86]^[13] Cleopatra's Bath consists of natural rock pools formed by coastal erosion, accessible via wading from adjacent beaches. Local legend attributes the site's name to Cleopatra VII, claiming she bathed there for its purported therapeutic waters, though no archaeological evidence supports her presence; strong wave action restricts use to observation rather than swimming.^[87] The Rommel Cave, situated on a peninsula overlooking the sea, served as a forward headquarters for German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel during the 1942 North African campaign, including planning for advances toward El Alamein. Converted into a museum post-war, it displays wartime maps, equipment, and photographs recovered from Allied and Axis forces, offering insights into desert warfare logistics despite the site's partisan framing in Egyptian narratives.^[85]^[88] Culturally, the Marsa Matrouh Museum, spanning 728 square meters across two floors, exhibits artifacts from Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, and Islamic periods, including statues, jewelry, and inscriptions that trace regional continuity from ancient worship sites to medieval trade. Religious structures like the Al-Awwam Mosque represent Islamic heritage, blending Ottoman architectural elements with local coastal adaptations.^[10]

Beaches and Natural Attractions

Marsa Matrouh's beaches are distinguished by their fine white sands and clear, calm Mediterranean waters, largely protected from open-sea swells by natural rock formations acting as breakwaters.^[89] These coastal features create sheltered bays ideal for swimming and relaxation, drawing visitors during the summer months when the area sees high tourist influx.^[87] The beaches span several kilometers along the city's shoreline, with water temperatures averaging 22–25°C (72–77°F) in peak season from June to September.^[90] Agiba Beach stands out as one of the most picturesque, featuring a small cove framed by two white cliffs that enhance its seclusion and scenic appeal, with panoramic views of turquoise waters.^[90] Accessible via a steep path, it offers clear waters suitable for snorkeling, though space is limited during high season.^[90] Nearby, Cleopatra Beach provides a broader stretch of soft sand and transparent sea, traditionally associated with ancient legends of Queen Cleopatra bathing in the area, though historical evidence for her visits remains anecdotal.^[91] The adjacent Cleopatra's Bath, a natural rock pool filled by tidal waters, exemplifies the region's geological formations, where seawater surges into a carved basin during high tide.^[92] To the east, Rommel Beach derives its name from German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, who reportedly swam there during World War II campaigns in North Africa, utilizing nearby caves for strategic planning.^[93] This rocky shoreline transitions to sandy areas suitable for swimming, with an adjacent cave system offering natural shade and exploration opportunities, though the terrain requires caution due to uneven rocks.^[94] El Gharam Beach, known as "Shore of Love" in Arabic, extends as the longest continuous beach in the vicinity, approximately 17 km from the city center, characterized by gentle waves, a gradually sloping seabed, and warm, calm conditions favorable for families and divers.^[95] Its fine white sand and minimal currents contribute to its popularity for leisurely activities.^[90] Beyond the beaches, natural attractions include the protective rock arches and bays that define Marsa Matrouh's ("Anchorage of the Cape") geography, formed by erosion over millennia, providing habitats for marine life visible during low tide.^[96] These features, combined with the absence of strong currents in most areas, support biodiversity such as small fish schools and occasional seabirds, though over-tourism poses risks to water clarity and coastal ecosystems.^[28]

Contemporary Developments and Challenges

Recent Infrastructure and Economic Projects

In 2023, the Egyptian government allocated 17.3 billion Egyptian pounds (EGP) to Matruh Governorate for 216 development projects in fiscal year 2023/2024, marking a 30% increase from the previous year's plan of 13.3 billion EGP; these initiatives span infrastructure, education, housing, and healthcare, with significant focus on New Alamein City within the governorate.^[74]^[97] A key transportation project is the 660-kilometer high-speed electric rail line connecting Ain Sokhna on the Red Sea to Marsa Matrouh via Alexandria and El Alamein, part of a broader 2,000-kilometer national network; as of September 2025, implementation developments were under review, aimed at enhancing tourism connectivity and urban growth by linking coastal regions.^[98]^[79] The Gargoub Seaport and Special Economic Zone (SEZ), located 70 kilometers west of Marsa Matrouh in El Negila, represent a $1.2 billion, 30-year build-operate-transfer (BOT) initiative launched in 2024 to establish a logistics and industrial hub specializing in grain trading, bulk cargo, and related industries like feed and oils; the port features a 500,000 square meter area, a 500-meter berth with 17-meter depth, and multipurpose terminals, integrated with the high-speed rail and an 800-kilometer coastal road for improved trade links to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.^[64]^[99] The Egyptian Cabinet approved the Gargoub SEZ in June 2025, with master plans reviewed in August 2025 to position it as a green, smart city fostering foreign trade and job creation.^[100] Airport infrastructure upgrades include Marsa Matruh Airport as one of 11 facilities selected for public-private partnerships (PPPs) under an advisory agreement signed with the International Finance Corporation on March 24, 2025; the program seeks private sector financing for enhancements in operations, maintenance, and capacity without state ownership transfer, aligning with Egypt's Asset Monetization Program to boost efficiency and passenger services.^[101] Marsa Matruh faces environmental challenges primarily from coastal pollution and urban pressures. Sediments in local beaches contain elevated concentrations of heavy metals such as vanadium, aluminum, tin, arsenic, and selenium, with a longitudinal analysis from 2011 to 2021 revealing persistent contamination that poses risks to marine ecosystems and human health through bioaccumulation in fish and seaweeds.^[102]^[36] Water scarcity exacerbates these issues, as the arid northwest coast relies on limited groundwater and Nile-dependent supplies; a 60,000 cubic meters per day desalination plant has been established to address domestic and tourism demands, though climate-induced variability in rainfall and rising temperatures threaten agricultural viability for local communities.^[103]^[46] Coastal erosion and lagoon degradation further compound environmental degradation. Matruh lagoons, including Cleopatra Lagoon, have experienced siltation, erosion, and declining water quality due to human activities like unregulated construction and tourism runoff.^[35] Unexpected flooding events, such as the October 2023 incident in the Alo Watershed, have caused significant damage, attributed to intense rainfall on impermeable urban surfaces and inadequate drainage, highlighting vulnerabilities in hydrological management.^[104] Rapid urban expansion has destroyed ancient coastal heritage sites, including harbor facilities, through encroachment and construction, altering natural sediment dynamics and littoral drift rates of 5,000 to 10,000 cubic meters per year.^[17]^[105] Social issues in Marsa Matruh stem largely from development-induced displacements and security concerns. In November 2024, residents of Jemima village clashed with military forces protesting land seizures for a Talaat Moustafa Group tourism project, resulting in one shooting and two arrests, reflecting tensions over privatization of coastal areas that erode public beach access.^[106] Human Rights Watch documented apparent extrajudicial killings by security forces in the area in early 2025, part of a pattern of impunity in Egypt's northwest, amid broader unrest linked to economic grievances and border smuggling routes.^[107] Bedouin communities face social strain from climate change degrading agricultural lands, compounded by desert society's isolation and limited infrastructure, as assessed in field studies of Matrouh Governorate.^[108]^[109] These conflicts underscore causal links between unchecked tourism growth and local disenfranchisement, prioritizing elite investments over community sustainability.

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[13]
Uncovering the ancient city of Marsa Matruh during the Roman era
Numerous tombs, baths, statues and artifacts confirm the importance of the city as a center of foreign trade in the Mediterranean basin throughout different ...
[14]
In Photos: Ancient Roman necropolis uncovered in Marsa Matrouh
Aug 15, 2024 · An Egyptian archaeological mission has made a significant discovery in Marsa Matrouh city, uncovering an ancient Roman necropolis at the Umm ...
[15]
1300+ Year Old Roman Necropolis Unearthed Near Egypt's ...
Aug 16, 2024 · An Egyptian archaeological team has uncovered a Roman-era cemetery in Marsa Matruh dating back to the 1st and 7th centuries AD during ...
[16]
Marsa Matruh, Egypt excavation records - Philadelphia Area Archives
Marsa Matruh, on the northwest coast of Egypt, has been the site of trade and commerce among ancient seafarers since the late Bronze Age. The records here ...<|separator|>
[17]
Changing Urban Environments and the Impact on Coastal Cultural ...
Sep 26, 2022 · This paper examines the impact of urban expansion on coastal heritage in and around the port-city of Marsa Matruh on the northwest coast of Egypt.
[18]
Decentering Egyptian History: The View from the Libyan Borderland
Mar 25, 2021 · ... Marsa Matruh shortly before the bedouin spy episode in Sollum. ... pre–WWI years was not limited to Egypt's family rivalry with the Ottomans.Missing: Mersa | Show results with:Mersa
[19]
Egypt, Libya, and the Desert Borderlands - Ottoman History Podcast
Aug 27, 2019 · The Sidi 'Awam mosque in Marsa Matruh, on the day of its inauguration by Ahmad Shafiq, an Egyptian official serving the Khedive 'Abbas Hilmi II.Missing: Matrouh period
[20]
[PDF] Changing Urban Environments and the Impact on Coastal Cultural ...
Sep 26, 2022 · Over the last. 80 years Marsa Matruh has developed from a small settlement of a few houses into a large port city that sprawls along the lagoons ...Missing: 20th | Show results with:20th
[21]
North Africa campaigns - Egypt, Libya, 1941-1943 | Britannica
Oct 6, 2025 · Ritchie's intention was to make a stand at Mersa Matruh, but on the evening of June 25, Auchinleck assumed command and decided to fight a more- ...
[22]
Battle of Mersa Matruh | World War II Database
Upon defeat at the Battle of Gazala in mid-Jun 1942, the British Eighth Army fell back to Mersa Matruh, Egypt, 100 miles east of the Libyan-Egyptian border.
[23]
Battle of Mersa Matruh, 26-28 June 1942
The battle of Mersa Matruh (26-28 June 1942) was Rommel's last victory against the Eighth Army, and saw him brush aside a British attempt to defend the Mersa ...
[24]
How The British Secured A Victory In The Desert During WW2
Defeated again at Mersa Matruh, the Eighth Army withdrew to El Alamein, causing panic in Cairo and the Mediterranean Fleet to evacuate Alexandria. A German ...
[25]
Marsa Matrouh
Marsa Matrouh lies 290 km. West of Alexandria and 222 km. from Saloum. The distance from Cairo to Matrouh is 524 km. It lies on a bay on ...
[26]
Marsa Matrouh - Egypt Luxury Vacations
Marsa Matruh "overlooking the Mediterranean Sea": 420 km North West of Cairo, 200 km West of El Alamein, 300 km West of Alexandria and 275 km North of Siwa.<|separator|>
[27]
Marsa Matruh topographic map, elevation, terrain
Average elevation: 37 m • Marsa Matruh, Matruh, 51511, Egypt • Visualization and sharing of free topographic maps.Missing: landform | Show results with:landform
[28]
Marsa Matrouh Egypt - Memphis Tours
Marsa Matrouh lies 180 miles west of Alexandria, 138 miles from Sallum and 267 miles far from Cairo. It has a beautiful 4.5 miles beach with almost pure white ...Missing: coordinates | Show results with:coordinates
[29]
Marsa Matrouh: Beaches, History & Travel Tips | Egypt Guide
Mar 6, 2025 · Ageeba Beach is a true natural wonder. Surrounded by towering limestone cliffs, this beach offers stunning views and a sense of seclusion.Top Beaches In Marsa Matrouh · Historical And Cultural... · Things To Do In Marsa...<|separator|>
[30]
Matrouh Governorate - Climate Data
The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is BWh. In Marsa Matruh‎, the average annual temperature is 20.0 °C | 67.9 °F.
[31]
Mersa Matruh Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature ...
The hottest month of the year in Mersa Matruh is August, with an average high of 85°F and low of 73°F. The cool season lasts for 3.4 months, from December 9 to ...
[32]
Marsa Matruh Weather & Climate | Year-Round Guide with Graphs
Marsa Matruh sits in an arid zone with minimal moisture, averaging 111 mm of rainfall per year. Marsa Matruh can be quite wet during January, receiving ...
[33]
Mersa Matrouh Weather Averages - Matruh, EG
The city receives an average annual rainfall of about 150 mm (5.9 inches). The wettest months are typically December and January, each receiving around 30 mm to ...
[34]
[PDF] Investigating shoreline development along of Marsa Matrouh coastal ...
The inputs include sand dunes, sand movement by waves, sediment transported by flash floods, organic material deposits, and wave's deposits at bays entrances.
[35]
Evolution of Matrouh Lagoons under the Effect of Human Activities
Aug 19, 2020 · Recently Matrouh Lagoons suffer from erosion, accretion, and water quality degradation, especially in Cleopatra Lagoon. Furthermore ...
[36]
Trace metals in seawater, sediments and some fish species from ...
The objective of this study was to assess the pollution status of Marsa Matrouh Beaches by estimating levels of V, Al, Sn, As, and Se in seawater, sediments ...
[37]
Social-Environmental Analysis for the Management of Coastal ...
Apr 22, 2020 · Marsa Matrouh lagoon (Egypt) is contaminated by pressures from metal pollution (Abdel, 2015) and inadequate sewage treatment due to high ...
[38]
Egypt population increases by a quarter mln in 72 days: CAPMAS
Jan 13, 2025 · In 2023, the population growth rate declined by 1.4 percent, the lowest in the last 50 years, compared to the 2.6 percent recorded in 2017 in a ...
[39]
[PDF] The National Population and Development Strategy - UNFPA Egypt
At the governorate level, Matrouh governorate recorded the highest fertility rate (approximately 4.4), while Port-Said governorate had the lowest rate (1.8).
[40]
Matruh - Egypt | Data and Statistics
Number of Households:23 (2015) · Crude Birth Rate (per 1000 population):50.6 (2015) · Crude Death Rate (per 1000 population):4 (2015) · Gross Enrollment Ratio, ...Missing: geography history
[41]
[PDF] arab republic of egypt urban sector update - World Bank Document
... population growth are Hurghada on the Red Sea (mainly due to its proximity to the depressed governorates of Sohag and Qena) and Marsa Matrouh. (domestic ...
[42]
Maṭrūḥ (Governorate, Egypt) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location
No readable text found in the HTML.<|separator|>
[43]
Tribes and Political Islam in the Borderland between Egypt and Libya
Marsa Matrouh has around 150,000 inhabitants, of which 85 per cent belong to the Awlad 'Ali. Matrouh is the second largest governorate in Egypt (in terms of ...
[44]
[PDF] SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY FOR THE SALLOUM MARINE ...
Population composition in Marsa. Matrouh. In broad terms, the northwest coast displays moderate socio cultural diversity, as people there divide themselves ...<|separator|>
[45]
Embracing Egypt's Local Tribal Communities and Protected Areas
Aug 21, 2023 · Matrouh Tribes: The coast of Matrouh is a place of cultural richness, with five main tribes who arrived in Matrouh in two main migrations, the ...
[46]
[PDF] A STUDY OF CLIMATE CHANGES IMPACT ON THE QUANTITIES ...
The people of Marsa Matrouh are Bedouins (the most common ethnic in Matrouh. Governorate), Egyptian, and Egyptian-Libyans ethnics. 2.2 Crop Water Requirement ...
[47]
Matruh glass walkway frequented by millions of visitors annually
Jun 29, 2022 · The glass walkway in front of the famous Queen Cleopatra bath in the west of Matruh city is frequented by more than three million visitors ...Missing: numbers | Show results with:numbers
[48]
Hotel chain overview for Marsa Matruh, Egypt
The only hotel chain in Marsa Matruh is Jaz Hotel Group with 5 hotels, 1,288 rooms and an average rating of 8.7. There are also 40 independent hotels in Marsa ...
[49]
THE 10 BEST Mersa Matruh Resorts 2025 (with Prices) - Tripadvisor
Best Mersa Matruh Resorts on Tripadvisor: Find 7158 traveler reviews, 12753 candid photos, and prices for 14 resorts in Mersa Matruh, ...
[50]
Resorts in Marsa Matruh, Egypt - price from $28, reviews
Immerse yourself in the ultimate stay in Marsa Matruh with top resorts like Jaz Crystal, Almaza Bay, Porto Matrouh Beach Resort and Jaz Almaza Beach Resort, ...
[51]
Travco News - 14.9M tourists visited Egypt in 2023: Tourism Minister
Feb 8, 2024 · Egypt's tourism sector in 2023 witnessed a series of achievements, with a total of 14.906 million. tourists visiting the country, ...
[52]
Egypt tourism - TravelMole
Aug 24, 2025 · Egypt's tourism industry recorded 8.7 million visitors in the first half of 2025 and is on track to meet its 18 million annual target.Missing: Marsa Matrouh 2023
[53]
[PDF] Profile of sustainability in some Mediterranean tourist destinations
- high numbers of summer visitors to the Marsa Matrouh and El Alamein sites (approximately 45,000 overnight stays per year).
[54]
Egypt's Hospitality Industry: Economic Revival and Tourism Growth
Oct 29, 2024 · The Egyptian hospitality market in Egypt is estimated at $3.78 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow to $4.65 billion by 2029.
[55]
Expanding North Coast tourism - Economy - Al-Ahram Weekly
Sep 4, 2024 · Tourism revenues have grown by five per cent, reaching $6.6 billion in the first half of 2024. During this period, Egypt received 7.069 million ...
[56]
Egypt's North Coast Real Estate Booms with $150 Billion Gulf ...
Oct 17, 2025 · Egypt's North Coast is undergoing a $150 billion real estate transformation, driven by Gulf investments and ambitious tourism growth plans ...
[57]
Gulf nations are betting big on Egypt's North Coast | CNN Business
Oct 16, 2025 · Qatar is reportedly currently discussing a $3.5 billion tourism project there, and last year, Egypt received its largest-ever single foreign ...
[58]
A promising summer for real estate - Economy - Al-Ahram Weekly
Aug 16, 2025 · He pointed to the company's LE12 billion in contracted sales during the first half of 2025, generated through the sale of some 700 units, ...
[59]
Marsa Baghush North Coast Shehab Mazhar Prices 2025
Sep 8, 2025 · Marsa Baghush By SQM Developments at Sidi Heniesh North Coast with starting prices 17,1 million, Down Payment 5%
[60]
49 Properties for Sale in Marsa Matrouh, Matruh | Bayut Egypt
Explore a vast array of Residential Properties available for Sale in Marsa Matrouh, Matruh with Egypt's leading real estate portal | Bayut Egypt.Missing: market | Show results with:market
[61]
Zahret Matrouh - Garawla in Marsa Matrouh | The Arab Contractors
The project consists of buildings within the Media City in Garawla, Marsa Matrouh. It consists of 13 buildings, 156 residential units, 38 commercial units.
[62]
Who can afford a beach house on the 'wicked coast'? | Al Manassa
Aug 12, 2025 · Skyrocketing property prices on Egypt's “wicked coast” raise fears of a looming bubble, as Gulf buyers, expats, and elites drive demand ...
[63]
Matrouh Governor: Minister of Housing Approves Strategic Plan for ...
With this approval, the governorate has now completed the strategic plans for 49 villages, while work remains underway for 6 villages included in new urban ...
[64]
Gargoub Seaport - THE D I O R GROUP
The project aims to create integrated development plan within Matrouh Governorate and the entire Northwest Coast region. The project comes within the Ministry ...<|separator|>
[65]
Al-Alamein Towers | Saveto Group - Egypt
Jul 15, 2025 · The New Alamein Towers project is one of the largest real estate projects in Egypt. The project is located in the center of Matrouh ...
[66]
[PDF] FOOD FROM THE LAND AND SEA
Jun 14, 2018 · More recently, the develop- ment of the fishing sector has led to a broad adoption of fish into the local diet. Marsa Matrouh's popularity in ...
[67]
Artisanal Fishing and Responsible Cooking on Both Sides of the ...
Apr 4, 2018 · Due to industrial overfishing, the quantity of fish caught in the port of Marsa Matruh (Egypt) is the smallest of all the Egyptian fishing ports ...Missing: economy | Show results with:economy
[68]
Marsa Matruh's Culinary Heritage - Google Arts & Culture
Red rice and chicken have now become a regularity in Bedouin traditions, along with their increased involvement in the fishing sector. Credits: Story.
[69]
Blue Tuna Aquaculture in Jarjoubb - Blue Life Hub
Mar 20, 2023 · The fish farming project for the breeding and fattening of bluefin tuna in the Jarjoub area, west of Marsa Matrouh city, is nearing completion, ...Missing: agriculture industry
[70]
New Agricultural Opportunities on Egypt's North Coast - ICARDA
Aug 6, 2025 · “The main challenge for Marsa Matrouh is irregular rainfall and water scarcity, which threaten barley and wheat cultivation. We are pleased to ...Missing: fishing | Show results with:fishing
[71]
Egypt's Challenges and Opportunities in Climate-Related Finance ...
Mar 13, 2025 · Located in the Matrouh Governorate of northern Egypt, El Dabaa increases water resources for both domestic and agricultural use by growing ...
[72]
Egypt - CoR
The governors and the governorate local council have extensive powers over lower local councils especially at legislative and budgetary levels.
[73]
Egypt names new governors set to take oath before President Sisi ...
Jul 3, 2024 · Major General Khaled Shuaib Mahmoud Hussein, Governor of Matrouh. 20. Major General Mohamed El-Zamalot, Governor of the New Valley. 21. Amr ...
[74]
Matrouh Governorate to Receive 17.3 Billion EGP for 216 ...
Jun 12, 2024 · The value of public investments allocated to Matrouh Governorate for 2023/2024 is 17.3 billion EGP, representing a 30% increase compared to the 2022/2023 plan.
[75]
Cairo to Marsa Matrouh - 5 ways to travel via train, bus, car, and taxi
Alternatively, Egyptian Railways operates a train from Cairo to Marsa Matruh 3 times a day. Tickets cost $40–80 and the journey takes 7h 45m. Train operators.Missing: networks | Show results with:networks<|separator|>
[76]
How to Get Around in Egypt: Everything You Need to Know - Atlys
Nov 28, 2024 · West Delta Bus Company has (you guessed it) the western routes locked down, connecting Cairo with destinations like Alexandria and Marsa Matruh.Missing: Matrouh | Show results with:Matrouh
[77]
Egyptian National Railways - News Details
Jul 25, 2025 · Operates every Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday, departing from Marsa Matruh at 10:30 PM and arriving in Cairo at 5:35 AM. Third: (First and Second ...
[78]
First line of Egypt's high-speed rail network is 67% complete
Sep 28, 2025 · The first line of Egypt's high-speed electric train network, stretching 660 km from Ain Sokhna on the Red Sea to Marsa Matrouh on the ...
[79]
Egypt Advances High-Speed Rail Network Ain Sokhna–Marsa ...
Sep 29, 2025 · Egypt Advances High-Speed Rail Network Ain Sokhna–Marsa Matrouh Line, Enhancing National Tourism and Urban Growth: Here's What You Need to Know.
[80]
Highway work boost in North Africa
In Egypt, the Transportation Ministry is working on plans for the country's Mediterranean Coastal Highway between Marsa Matrouh and Port Said. This is one ...
[81]
Egypt to build roads in Marsa Matrouh - ZAWYA
Feb 21, 2021 · In addition, six other road projects with lengths of 270 km are being implemented in fiscal year 2020/2021 in Matrouh at an estimated cost of ...
[82]
Flights from Mersa Matruh (MUH) - Airports
Mersa Matruh Airport has non-stop passenger flights scheduled to 2 destinations in 1 country. At present, there are no domestic flights from Mersa Matruh. ✕ ...Points & Miles information · Best time to travel from Mersa... · Intercontinental flights
[83]
[PDF] Egypt – Ports – Marsa Matruh - Logistics Cluster
Berths & Cargo. There are three jetties (concrete dry berths) as follows: The western berth is over 300 metres long with a draft varying from 7-10 metres, ...Missing: shipping | Show results with:shipping
[84]
Ramses II temple Egypt information, tours, prices, booking - ETL Travel
Rating 3.0 (218) Ramses II temple located in fact about 24 km west of Marsa Matrouh, Egypt. In fact, you can explore the ruins of the temple there.
[85]
Marsa Matrouh's Rommel Museum, a cave of secrets - EgyptToday
Aug 29, 2022 · Rommel Cave is one of the natural caves in Matrouh Governorate. It is located in the mountain on the slope overlooking the beach on the island ...
[86]
Roman-era necropolis uncovered near Egypt's northern coast - Xinhua
Aug 16, 2024 · The discovery highlights Marsa Matruh's importance as a Mediterranean trade hub during the Roman era. The site includes two catacomb-style ...
[87]
Cleopatra's Beach | Attractions - Lonely Planet
You can wade to Cleopatra's Bath, a natural pool where legend has imagined the queen and Mark Antony enjoying a dip, but you can't actually swim because of the ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[88]
Rommel Museum - Mersa Matruh - TracesOfWar.com
This museum is located inside a cave used by Erwin Rommel during the El Alamein campaign. For current visiting hours, please contact the museum.<|separator|>
[89]
https://egyptatours.com/destination/marsa-matruh/
[90]
Visit Matruh's Classic Beaches - Experience Egypt
The most iconic of Marsa Matruh's beaches is Agiba, with its picturesque cove nestled between two white cliffs. For a panoramic view of the crystal-clear waters ...
[91]
Cleopatra Beach Marsa Matrouh information, tours - ETL Travel
Rating 3.0 (206) In fact, the beach located on the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast. Moreover, the beach is about 24km west of Marsa Matruh.
[92]
Cleopatra's Bath - Beau Site Hotels
Cleopatra's Bath, steeped in history and legend, is a mesmerizing site often associated with the famous Egyptian queen. This ancient bathing complex, believed ...
[93]
Rommel Beach Marsa Matrouh information, tours, prices - ETL Travel
Rating 3.9 (386) Rommel Beach is the beach in fact which the field marshal Erwin Rommel used. In fact, he supposedly took time off from war to have his daily swim in it.
[94]
Rommel's Beach | Attractions - Lonely Planet
Right at the tip of Marsa Matruh's eastern peninsula, this quiet but rocky piece of shore is good for swimming. Just before the beach is the cave system…
[95]
El Gharam Beach Marsa Matrouh information, tours - ETL Travel
Rating 3.6 (1,011) El Gharam Beach, meaning 'Shore of Love', is on the Mediterranean, 17km from Mersa Matruh, with gentle waves, soft sand, warm, calm water, and diving. Best to ...
[96]
Discover Marsa Matrouh Travel Guide | Ask Aladdin
Marsa Matrouh: Egypt's hidden gem with pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and rich history. Discover its beauty and vibrant local culture today.
[97]
Minister: EGP 13.3 bln earmarked for public investments in Matrouh ...
The plan also includes 36 projects to provide educational services in the New Alamein City, social housing projects, and healthcare projects that seek to build ...
[98]
2,000-km high-speed rail network in Egypt, world's sixth-largest of its ...
Sep 5, 2025 · There will be three lines in the high-speed network. The 660-kilometer line linking the Red Sea port cities of Ain Sokhna and Marsa Matrouh to ...
[99]
Vision | GARGOUB
Set to be a major logistics & trading hub, and Commercial port on the Mediterranean, North West Gate Gargoub SEZ will be the gateway to Europe, Africa, and the ...
[100]
Egypt's Sisi orders review of road maintenance, pushes ports, rail ...
Aug 25, 2025 · He reviewed updates on new and upgraded ports, including masterplans for Gargoub port and economic zone, Abu Qir port, and a liquid bulk station ...
[101]
Egypt Partners with IFC to Introduce Public Private Partnerships at ...
Mar 24, 2025 · This program aims to leverage private sector financing for airport upgrades and expansions without burdening the national budget. ... Marsa Matruh ...Missing: Matrouh | Show results with:Matrouh
[102]
A longitudinal study of the heavy metals in the sediments of Marsa ...
This study evaluates the changes in the environmental conditions of marine sediments over a decade. Pollution indices were calculated, and the obtained results ...Missing: erosion | Show results with:erosion
[103]
Seawater Desalination Plant in Matrouh/Egypt - UNIHA
Egypt is a country of water scarcity. More and more, the country will face water stress, particularly in the context of climate change and the rapidly ...
[104]
unexpected flooding in mersa matruh, egypt investigating causes ...
Mar 22, 2025 · Frequent flooding in the Alo Watershed has caused significant damage, with various contributing factors including high rainfall, low public ...
[105]
Full article: Stability of the Northern coast of Egypt under the effect of ...
The deterioration within the coastal zone is documented in the form of coastal erosion, siltation within lakes entrances, saltwater intrusion, increase soil ...
[106]
Residents clash with military in Matrouh to protest displacement for ...
Nov 5, 2024 · A resident of Jemima village in Matrouh Governorate was shot on Monday and two others were arrested during clashes which broke out between residents and ...
[107]
Egypt: Apparent Extrajudicial Killings - Human Rights Watch
May 14, 2025 · “The killings in Marsa Matrouh are only the latest in a long line of abuses carried out for years with near-absolute impunity by Egyptian ...
[108]
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ...
The research aims to socially evaluate the impact of climate change on the deterioration of agricultural lands for the Bedouins of the villages of Marsa Matrouh ...Missing: Matruh | Show results with:Matruh<|separator|>
[109]
Contemporary Social Problems in Desert Societies (Field Study in ...
This study targeted Matrouh Governorate and was conducted on a simple random sample of 377 respondents. It is a simple random sample.Missing: Marsa Matruh