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Mist Trail

The Mist Trail is a popular and historic hiking trail in Yosemite National Park, California, renowned for providing hikers with spectacular, up-close views of two major waterfalls—Vernal Fall (317 feet high) and Nevada Fall (594 feet high)—as it ascends alongside the Merced River through a dramatic granite staircase-like landscape.^[1] The trail begins at the Happy Isles trailhead in eastern Yosemite Valley and is part of a larger corridor that includes the John Muir Trail, offering diverse scenery such as cascading water, misty spray, and unique geological features like the Emerald Pool and Silver Apron.^[2]^[1] Spanning approximately 5.4 miles round trip to the top of Nevada Fall, the trail features a strenuous elevation gain of about 2,000 feet, with steep granite steps that can become slippery from waterfall mist, especially during peak flow in spring and early summer.^[1] Access is via Yosemite Valley's free shuttle system to stop #16 at Happy Isles, with parking available at nearby Curry Village; the hike typically takes 5–6 hours and is rated strenuous due to its length and terrain, though shorter segments to the Vernal Fall footbridge (1.6 miles round trip) or top (2.4 miles round trip) accommodate moderate hikers.^[1] Swimming and wading are prohibited in hazardous areas like the Emerald Pool due to strong currents and sudden drops, contributing to the trail's reputation for both beauty and risk.^[1] As one of the busiest trails in the National Park Service, seeing over 5,000 visitors per day in peak season, the Mist Trail Corridor is undergoing rehabilitation projects to improve safety, wayfinding, and resource protection while preserving its historic character, which dates back to the mid-19th century with significant developments in the 1870s and 1880s.^[3]^[4]^[5] In winter, icy conditions often close portions of the trail, requiring alternative routes like the snow-free John Muir Trail path.^[6] The trail's enduring popularity underscores Yosemite's appeal as a premier destination for experiencing the Sierra Nevada's natural wonders.^[4]

History

Early Development

The origins of the Mist Trail trace back to the mid-19th century, emerging as part of Yosemite Valley's burgeoning tourism industry during the 1850s and 1860s. Initial paths in the area followed ancient Native American routes, such as the Mono Trail developed by the Ahwahneechee people (a band of the Southern Sierra Miwok) for trade with the Mono Lake Paiute, which traversed the corridor between Vernal and Nevada Falls.^[7] Early Euro-American settlers adapted these indigenous trails for recreational and exploratory purposes, with the first organized tourist party led by James Mason Hutchings in 1855 marking a surge in visitor interest and trail use.^[8] By 1855–1856, brothers Milton and Houston Mann had forged the initial Euro-American trail to Nevada Fall, building upon the Mono Trail from the park's southwestern reaches.^[7] These developments aligned with broader efforts to promote Yosemite as a scenic destination, including the construction of the Mann Toll Horse Trail in 1856, which facilitated access from Mariposa to the valley via old Indian routes near Bridalveil Fall.^[8] A pivotal advancement occurred in 1870 when Albert Snow constructed a horse trail along the Mist Trail route, starting from Register Rock and ascending over the rugged shoulder near Clark Point to the top of Vernal Fall.^[5] This path, completed to support Snow's La Casa Nevada hotel—a small inn built on a flat between Vernal and Nevada Falls—opened on April 28, 1870, and enhanced accessibility for equestrian travel amid the challenging granite terrain.^[5] Snow collaborated with trail builder Stephen Cunningham, who had earlier improved access to Vernal Fall in 1858 by installing ladders through the misty section, establishing it as a primary tourist route.^[7] The trail's development reflected the era's focus on accommodating growing numbers of visitors, with Register Rock serving as a signature site for travelers since the 1860s.^[7] Chinese American laborers played a crucial role in constructing access roads and early trail segments in Yosemite during the 19th century, particularly those leading to the waterfalls along the Mist Trail. Approximately 250 Cantonese immigrants, drawn to California as part of the Gold Rush era's "Gold Mountain" migration, undertook this grueling work, often in harsh winter conditions involving blizzards and isolation.^[9] Their contributions included building infrastructure that provided vital pathways to Vernal and Nevada Falls, supporting the valley's transformation into a tourist hub despite facing discrimination and perilous environments.^[9] These early trail efforts were instrumental in Yosemite's designation as a national park in 1890, as they bolstered visitor access to iconic waterfalls and underscored the area's scenic value under the preceding Yosemite Grant established in 1864.^[8] By then, the state had purchased the Mist Trail in 1882 for $300, securing its role in promoting tourism while two key paths—to Vernal Fall and beyond—already existed within the grant boundaries.^[5]^[7] This infrastructure laid the foundation for sustained public appreciation of the region's natural wonders.

Modern Improvements

In the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) collaborated with the National Park Service to enhance Yosemite's trail infrastructure, including the installation of stone steps and railings along the granite stairs near Vernal Fall on the Mist Trail to improve safety and durability.^[10] These efforts built upon earlier constructions, replacing wooden elements with more resilient materials amid growing visitor numbers.^[11] The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), active in Yosemite from 1933 to 1942, contributed significantly to trail stabilization and erosion control during the same period. CCC enrollees conducted extensive work along the Merced River from Happy Isles, including bank revegetation, willow planting for stabilization, and debris removal to mitigate flood damage and prevent soil loss near the Mist Trail corridor.^[10] They also reconstructed key features, such as the Vernal Fall Bridge in 1939 using prefabricated steel and log veneer, and the Nevada Fall bridge in 1940 with log-covered steel girders, enhancing access and structural integrity.^[11] Following the CCC era, the Mist Trail saw targeted rehabilitations in the post-2000s to address escalating use. The Mist Trail Corridor Project, initiated in the 2010s, focused on mitigating overcrowding—which averaged 85,000 summer visitors since 2010—through safety enhancements, resource protection, and educational measures.^[4] This initiative aims to introduce wayfinding signage, stewardship messaging to promote Leave No Trace principles, and minor trail hardening to reduce environmental impact while accommodating high traffic.^[12] As of November 2025, the project is advancing through the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process, which began on September 4, 2025, following a public comment period from October 24 to November 23, 2024, with the environmental assessment scheduled for release in winter 2025–2026.^[4] These efforts aim to incorporate improvements such as enhanced interpretive signage at trailheads, installation of rest benches along high-use sections, and targeted vegetation restoration to bolster riparian habitats and curb erosion, with public input shaping further implementations.^[4]

Route Description

Lower Section: Happy Isles to Vernal Fall

The lower section of the Mist Trail begins at the Happy Isles trailhead in eastern Yosemite Valley, a classic U-shaped glacial valley carved by ancient glaciers and drained by the Merced River.^[13]^[14] From this starting point, accessible via shuttle stop #16, the trail follows the Merced River upstream through a forested area featuring mixed conifers and oaks, offering shaded paths and scenic river views amid the valley's granite walls.^[1]^[2] The initial segment covers 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the Vernal Fall Footbridge, gaining 400 feet (120 m) in elevation along mostly paved paths that wind gently uphill.^[1] This footbridge, spanning the Merced River, provides a prime overlook for viewing Vernal Fall's 317-foot (97 m) cascade, especially during peak spring flow when water volume creates rainbows in the spray.^[2] The terrain here is moderate, suitable for most hikers, with an average one-way time of 30-45 minutes.^[1] Beyond the footbridge, the trail intensifies over the next 0.4 miles (0.6 km), ascending another 600 feet (180 m) via over 600 steep, uneven granite steps carved directly into the cliffside, for a total elevation gain of 1,000 feet (300 m) from the trailhead.^[1] These mist-sprayed stairs, particularly drenching in spring and early summer due to wind-blown spray from the falls, give the trail its name as hikers navigate slippery conditions while climbing alongside the thundering water.^[2] The surface transitions from pavement to rough granite, requiring sturdy footwear and caution, with the full 1.2-mile (1.9 km) segment typically taking 1-2 hours one way depending on pace and conditions.^[1] At the summit, the trail reaches the brink of Vernal Fall and the serene Emerald Pool, a small, emerald-tinted basin where the river pools briefly before spilling over the edge, offering a rewarding vantage for reflection amid the roar of the falls.^[1] This endpoint marks a natural pause, with the option to continue upward for further exploration.^[2]

Upper Section: Vernal Fall to Nevada Fall

The upper section of the Mist Trail begins at Emerald Pool, just above Vernal Fall, where hikers transition from the lower granite stairs to a more rugged ascent paralleling the Merced River. This segment features a series of steep switchbacks carved into the granite slopes, interspersed with exposed slabs that offer dramatic views of the river canyon below. The trail surface shifts from constructed steps to natural dirt and rock, demanding greater footing awareness as it climbs through a mix of forested areas and open rock faces.^[1]^[15] Key landmarks along this 1.5-mile (2.4 km) stretch include Clark Point, an overlook providing panoramic vistas of Vernal Fall and the surrounding Yosemite Valley, followed by the Silver Apron—a smooth granite chute where water from the Merced River cascades in a thin sheet during high flow. As hikers approach Nevada Fall, the path narrows considerably, culminating at the base for close-up views of the 594-foot (181 m) cascade before a final set of switchbacks leads to the top, where the river plunges over the edge into the mist-shrouded gorge. This section gains approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) in elevation, contributing to a total rise of about 2,000 feet (610 m) from the trailhead at Happy Isles.^[1]^[15]^[16] The strenuous nature of this portion typically requires 1.5 to 2.5 hours to complete one way from the top of Vernal Fall, depending on pace and conditions, with the terrain presenting narrow paths flanked by steep drop-offs and intensifying spray from Nevada Fall that can drench hikers and slick the rocks. Unlike the more structured lower stairs, this upper route emphasizes endurance on uneven, natural surfaces, rewarding climbers with unobstructed sights of the waterfalls and Sierra Nevada backdrop.^[1]^[15]^[16]

Natural Features

Waterfalls and Hydrology

The Mist Trail features two prominent waterfalls along the Merced River in Yosemite National Park: Vernal Fall and Nevada Fall. These waterfalls are formed by the river's descent through the granite landscape of Little Yosemite Valley, with their flows driven primarily by seasonal snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada. Both falls exhibit significant variations in volume throughout the year, peaking during spring and early summer when snowpack accumulation is at its highest.^[17]^[18] Vernal Fall drops 317 feet (97 m) in a single plunge, making it one of Yosemite's most accessible yet powerful waterfalls. Its flow is strongest from late April to early June, fueled by melting snow, which generates a heavy mist that often soaks hikers ascending the nearby granite stairs along the trail. This mist, combined with the slippery surfaces, requires caution during peak season. The fall maintains a year-round flow but diminishes to a thin stream by late summer and fall.^[17]^[1] Upstream of Vernal Fall, Nevada Fall plunges 594 feet (181 m), creating a thunderous cascade fed by the Merced River's waters from higher elevations in the park. Its peak flow occurs between May and July, when the river can exceed 2,000 cubic feet per second (57 m³/s) during intense snowmelt periods, though historical maxima at nearby gauging stations have reached over 10,000 cubic feet per second (280 m³/s) during major runoff events. Like Vernal Fall, it flows year-round but reduces to a trickle in drier months.^[17]^[1]^[19] The hydrology of the Merced River, which powers both waterfalls, is heavily influenced by the Sierra Nevada snowpack, acting as a natural reservoir that releases water gradually through spring and early summer. Originating in the park's high country, the river flows through Little Yosemite Valley, where seasonal dynamics shift from roaring torrents—driven by snowmelt peaking in May—to minimal trickles by late summer, often below 100 cubic feet per second (2.8 m³/s). This variability underscores the river's role in sustaining the waterfalls' dramatic displays.^[18]^[20]^[21] Above Vernal Fall lies Emerald Pool, a shallow basin where the river briefly pools before the drop; however, it is fraught with dangerous undercurrents that have led to multiple near-drownings and fatalities, prompting the National Park Service to prohibit swimming and wading there.^[22]^[23]

Geology and Landscape

The Mist Trail traverses landscapes dominated by El Capitan Granite, a coarse-grained igneous rock intruded into the Sierra Nevada Batholith approximately 108 million years ago during the Cretaceous period. This granite, composed primarily of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, biotite, and hornblende, forms the resistant bedrock that underlies much of Yosemite Valley, exhibiting a characteristic "salt-and-pepper" texture due to its mineral composition. The trail's path follows smooth granite slabs resulting from exfoliation, a weathering process where tensile stresses from the unloading of overlying rock cause the formation of sheet-like joints parallel to the surface, leading to the peeling away of large, curved slabs up to hundreds of feet thick. These joints, spaced widely in the massive El Capitan Granite, contribute to the polished and rounded appearances of exposed rock faces along the route.^[24]^[25] The geological framework of the Mist Trail area reflects profound glacial modification during the Pleistocene epoch, particularly the Tioga Glaciation peaking around 20,000 years ago, when massive ice sheets up to 1,200 feet thick flowed through the region. These glaciers excavated the pre-existing V-shaped river canyon into the iconic U-shaped Little Yosemite Valley, broadening it to about a mile wide while steepening its walls through plucking and abrasion, which exposed sheer granite cliffs and created the abrupt topography that defines the trail's challenging ascent. The Merced River's path through this glacially scoured gorge exhibits distinctive erosion patterns, including polished bedrock surfaces striated by glacial debris and hanging valleys that accentuate the valley's cross-profile. Such features, including outcrops displaying glacial polish—smooth, shiny surfaces abraded by ice-embedded rocks—provide tangible evidence of these ancient erosional forces along the lower and middle sections of the trail.^[14]^[25]^[26] From the upper reaches of the Mist Trail, hikers encounter panoramic vistas that highlight the interplay of glacial and fluvial erosion in shaping Yosemite's granitic terrain, with prominent views of Cathedral Rocks to the south—a pair of exfoliated granite spires—and Liberty Cap to the north, a near-perfect glacial dome rising over 7,000 feet. These formations, sculpted by the same Pleistocene ice advances that deepened the Merced River's gradient, underscore the valley's evolution from tectonic uplift around 10 million years ago to post-glacial stream incision that refined the gorge's inner walls. The steep drop in elevation along the river, a legacy of this combined erosion, facilitates the dramatic waterfalls like Vernal and Nevada Falls encountered en route.^[14]^[25]

Ecology

Flora

The flora along the Mist Trail thrives in the diverse microhabitats created by the Merced River corridor, ranging from moist riparian zones to mist-saturated seeps and drier forested slopes. In the lower sections near Happy Isles and Vernal Fall, riparian vegetation dominates the riverbanks, featuring black cottonwoods (Populus trichocarpa), willows (Salix spp.), and white alders (Alnus rhombifolia), which are adapted to thrive in the consistently wet soils and periodic flooding of the area.^[27]^[28] These species provide essential shade and stabilization to the banks, with black cottonwoods reaching heights of up to 100 feet in the moist conditions of Yosemite Valley.^[29] Near the waterfalls, wetland species flourish in the seeps and spray zones, where constant mist from Vernal and Nevada Falls creates ideal humid environments. Sedges (Carex spp.) and ferns, such as those in the Polypodiaceae family, form dense ground cover in these palustrine wetlands, alongside wildflowers like shooting stars (Primula hendersonii), which bloom in early spring within the wet meadows.^[28]^[30] As the trail ascends to drier upper sections toward Nevada Fall, the vegetation transitions to lower montane forest communities, including ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) and incense cedars (Calocedrus decurrens), which tolerate the seasonal snowmelt and exposed rocky slopes. Manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.) appears on sunnier, steeper inclines, its evergreen leaves and red bark suited to the variable moisture levels.^[27] Spring snowmelt triggers vibrant wildflower displays along the trail, with species like lupines (Lupinus spp., including Gray's lupine) and red columbines (Aquilegia formosa) emerging in the moist areas below 6,000 feet, drawing pollinators and adding color to the riparian edges.^[31]^[30] Conservation efforts by Yosemite National Park and partners focus on mitigating trail erosion to safeguard these plant communities, including the removal of informal social trails that damage roots and compact soils near sensitive wetland habitats.^[32]^[4]

Fauna

The Mist Trail, traversing riparian zones and forested areas along the Merced River in Yosemite National Park, serves as a vital wildlife corridor supporting a portion of the park's over 400 vertebrate species.^[33] These habitats, characterized by mist from waterfalls and dense vegetation, attract diverse animals adapted to aquatic and terrestrial environments.^[34] Among mammals, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are frequently observed grazing in open meadows near Happy Isles at the trail's start, particularly in early morning when they forage on grasses and shrubs.^[35] Black bears (Ursus americanus) occasionally forage in the surrounding coniferous forests for berries, acorns, and insects, though daytime sightings along the trail remain rare due to their primarily nocturnal habits.^[36] Small mammals such as California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi), golden-mantled ground squirrels (Callospermophilus lateralis), and various chipmunks (Neotamias spp.) scamper along the path and rocky outcrops, often alerting hikers to their presence with vocalizations while seeking seeds and nuts.^[35] Bobcats (Lynx rufus) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) prowl the area at dawn or dusk, hunting smaller prey in the underbrush, but encounters are infrequent and typically occur off-trail.^[37] Birds thrive in the trail's moist, riverine setting, with Steller's jays (Cyanocitta stelleri) boldly approaching hikers for food scraps amid the pines, their striking blue plumage and crested heads a common sight.^[38] American dippers (Cinclus mexicanus), also known as water ouzels, are iconic near Vernal and Nevada Falls, diving into turbulent waters to feed on aquatic insects and larvae along the river's edge.^[38] Raptors such as red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) soar overhead, scanning the canyon for rodents and reptiles from thermal updrafts.^[38] Reptiles and amphibians favor the trail's sunny rocks and damp riparian zones; western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) bask on granite boulders, their blue-bellied males defending territories during breeding season.^[39] Garter snakes, including the Sierra garter snake (Thamnophis couchii), slither through grassy areas near the Merced River, preying on amphibians and fish in the watery habitat.^[39] For optimal wildlife viewing, hike early in the morning when mule deer are active in meadows, and maintain a distance of at least 25 yards from most wildlife and 50 yards from bears and other large predators to avoid disturbing their natural behaviors—feeding wildlife is prohibited and can lead to dangerous habituation.^[40]^[41] The surrounding plant cover enhances these habitats by offering shelter and food sources, making the trail an important migration route for species moving through the Sierra Nevada.^[34]

Access and Preparation

Getting There and Parking

The Mist Trail trailhead is situated at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley, near Happy Isles, with coordinates approximately 37°43′56″N 119°33′29″W.^[42] To reach Yosemite Valley, drivers can access the park via California State Route 41 from the south entrance near Fresno or Route 120 from the east (via Tioga Pass) or west (Big Oak Flat Road). Note that starting in 2025, no advance reservations are required for vehicle entry into Yosemite Valley during peak periods.^[43] Once in the valley, the free Yosemite Valley shuttle system provides the most convenient access to the trailhead, with Stop 16 directly serving Happy Isles and operating daily from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. during the peak season (spring through fall).^[44]^[45] Driving directly to the trailhead is not recommended due to congestion and limited availability. Parking is unavailable at the Happy Isles trailhead itself, but visitors can park at Curry Village (less than one mile away) or the Yosemite Valley Lodge parking areas, both of which offer shuttle access.^[1]^[46] In peak season (May through September), spaces fill quickly, so arriving before 7 a.m. is advised to secure a spot.^[46] All private vehicles require a $35 entrance fee upon arrival at the park, valid for seven days.^[47] Alternative transportation options include renting bicycles at the Curry Village Bike Stand, available daily from spring through fall for easy pedaling to the trailhead along paved paths.^[48]^[49] Walking from the Yosemite Valley Welcome Center is also feasible, covering about 1.5 miles on flat, scenic trails.^[50] Note that the trail may experience seasonal closures for maintenance or weather, with full details available in park condition updates.^[1]

Best Times and Conditions

The peak season for hiking the Mist Trail spans April to October, when the trail is generally accessible and weather is favorable for most visitors. Spring months, particularly May and June, offer the optimal conditions for experiencing maximum waterfall flow, as snowmelt from higher elevations dramatically increases water volume in the Merced River, creating spectacular displays at Vernal and Nevada Falls.^[51] In contrast, summer (July through August) provides drier trail conditions with minimal mud or snow, though this period coincides with peak crowds drawn to the warmer weather.^[51] Winter presents significant challenges for the Mist Trail, with the lower section from Happy Isles to the top of Vernal Fall often closed from November through March due to hazardous ice formations and rockfall risks on the stone steps.^[6] The upper section beyond Vernal Fall remains open but requires advanced preparation, including the use of microspikes or other traction devices to navigate icy surfaces safely.^[6] Yosemite Valley experiences mild temperatures along the Mist Trail during spring and fall, typically ranging from 50°F to 80°F, making it comfortable for hiking despite the elevation gain.^[51] However, weather can change rapidly, with sudden afternoon thunderstorms possible in summer; visitors should consult National Park Service forecasts for real-time updates on air quality, which can be affected by wildfires, and associated fire risks.^[51] To manage crowds, which intensify during the peak season, weekdays are preferable over weekends for a less congested experience on the trail. As of August 2025, Yosemite National Park had recorded 2.92 million visitors year-to-date, suggesting a full-year total around 4.2-4.5 million based on trends from previous years (4.1 million in 2024).^[52]^[53] Parking limitations may further influence planning during high-traffic periods.^[54]

Safety and Regulations

Potential Hazards

The Mist Trail in Yosemite National Park presents several water-related hazards, primarily due to the proximity of the Merced River and the spray from Vernal and Nevada Falls. The granite stairs, particularly those ascending to Vernal Fall, become extremely slippery from constant mist and spray, increasing the risk of falls; sturdy footwear with excellent traction is essential, and hikers should use handrails where available to mitigate slips. Drownings are the most common cause of fatalities on the trail, often occurring when visitors venture off designated paths to swim in Emerald Pool or are swept away by strong river currents near the falls—historical NPS incident reports document over a dozen such deaths since the 1990s, including multiple cases of individuals slipping while photographing or boulder-hopping near Vernal Fall. To prevent these risks, hikers must stay on marked trails and avoid approaching the water's edge, especially during high spring flows when river levels peak. Terrain challenges on the Mist Trail include steep drop-offs along exposed sections, particularly above the falls, where a misstep can lead to serious injury or death; the upper portions near Nevada Fall feature narrow paths with significant elevation gain of about 2,000 feet over 3 miles, contributing to hiker fatigue and potential altitude-related symptoms like dizziness at elevations up to 6,000 feet. Loose rocks and gravel, common on the unmaintained stretches between the falls, can cause ankle twists or slides, while icy conditions form on stairs during shoulder seasons (early spring or late fall) when mist freezes, making the route impassable without crampons. Prevention involves pacing oneself, carrying trekking poles for stability, and checking trail conditions via NPS updates before starting. Weather-related dangers exacerbate other risks on the Mist Trail, as the persistent spray soaks clothing, leading to hypothermia even in mild temperatures if hikers lack waterproof layers or dry quickly after exposure. Lightning strikes pose a threat during summer thunderstorms, with the trail's open, elevated areas near the falls offering little shelter; NPS advises descending immediately if thunder is heard within 30 minutes. Bear encounters, though rare and typically non-aggressive, occur occasionally along the corridor due to the trail's popularity and food attractants—black bears have been sighted near Vernal Fall, and hikers should store food properly and make noise to avoid surprises. Crowding on the Mist Trail, which sees an average of 85,000 visitors per summer, heightens accident risks through congestion on narrow stairs and distractions that lead to slips or collisions; NPS reports indicate frequent search-and-rescue operations for injuries on this route, contributing to Yosemite's overall 250 annual hiking incidents park-wide, with the Mist Trail accounting for a notable portion due to its accessibility and appeal. To manage this, travel in small groups, yield to uphill hikers, and visit during off-peak hours like early morning.

Park Rules and Permits

Visitors to the Mist Trail must adhere to Yosemite National Park's general regulations to protect the environment and ensure safety. Pets are prohibited on all hiking trails, including the Mist Trail, to prevent wildlife disturbance and reduce risks from steep terrain. Swimming and wading in the Merced River, particularly at Emerald Pool and Silver Apron near Vernal Fall, are illegal due to strong, hazardous currents that have led to fatalities. Hikers are required to stay on designated trails, avoiding shortcuts or veering off-path, which helps prevent erosion and falls. All trash and food waste must be packed out, as there are no receptacles along the trail, promoting a "leave no trace" ethic.^[55]^[2]^[1]^[56] A $35 entrance fee per private vehicle is required upon arrival, valid for seven consecutive days and covering access to the park, including the Mist Trail trailhead. No wilderness permit is needed for day hikes to Vernal or Nevada Fall via the Mist Trail. However, extending the hike to Half Dome requires a separate day-use permit, available through a lottery system on Recreation.gov; the preseason lottery runs in March, with daily lotteries opening two days in advance, limited to 300 permits per day from late May through mid-October.^[57]^[58]^[59] The lower section of the Mist Trail, from the footbridge to the top of Vernal Fall, is closed during winter months (typically November to April) due to falling ice and rock hazards from overhanging cliffs. In 2025, temporary closures occur on weekdays for trail maintenance, such as the section above the Vernal Fall footbridge closed to entry Mondays through Thursdays until early December. Peak-hour entry reservations for the park (required on select weekends and holidays from May 24 to September 1, 2025, between 5 a.m. and 4 p.m.) help manage overall visitation and indirectly limit trail crowding during high-use periods.^[6]^[54]^[60] Violations of park rules, such as off-trail travel or ignoring closures, are enforced by National Park Service rangers, with potential fines up to $5,000 and up to six months imprisonment under 36 CFR regulations. The ongoing Mist Trail Corridor Project includes installation of educational signage to promote compliance, wayfinding, and stewardship along the trail.^[61]^[4]

Connections to John Muir Trail

The Mist Trail integrates with the John Muir Trail (JMT) at the top of Nevada Fall, where the two paths merge after diverging earlier near the Vernal Fall Footbridge.^[2] From this junction, hikers follow a shared approximately 1-mile (1.6 km) segment of the Mist Trail/JMT ascending through forested terrain to Little Yosemite Valley, offering continued views of the Merced River canyon.^[1] This overlap provides a direct link for those transitioning from the shorter Mist Trail day hike to the longer JMT route, which extends 211 miles (340 km) southward through the Sierra Nevada to Mount Whitney. This connection also forms the initial segment of the Half Dome Trail, attracting hikers aiming for the iconic summit.^[62]^[63] Historically, the connection ties into John Muir's legacy, as the JMT—named for the conservationist who advocated for Yosemite's protection in the late 19th century—incorporates the Mist Trail corridor as an early segment favored by thru-hikers for its dramatic Merced River vistas and waterfall proximity.^[4] Muir himself explored and documented these areas, influencing the trail's development and its role in promoting wilderness preservation. Logistically, accessing the JMT via the Mist Trail requires a wilderness permit for overnight stays beyond Yosemite Valley, obtainable through the National Park Service's reservation system to manage high demand on this popular long-distance route. As of late 2025, portions of the Mist Trail and connecting JMT segments may be closed for rehabilitation work; check current conditions on the NPS website.^[1]^[54] Day hikers, however, can utilize the connection without a permit to reach Clark Point—a viewpoint overlooking Nevada Fall—via the Clark Point Cutoff trail that links the Mist Trail and JMT between Vernal Fall and Nevada Fall. For those preferring a less strenuous alternative to the full JMT ascent, the Panorama Trail offers a parallel route from Glacier Point down to Nevada Fall, intersecting the shared segment.

Other Nearby Hikes

The Panorama Trail offers a scenic alternative to the Mist Trail, providing expansive views of Yosemite Valley's landmarks during a descent from Glacier Point to the valley floor via Nevada Fall. This 8.2-mile (13.2 km) one-way route is rated moderate in difficulty, typically taking 6-8 hours to complete, and features panoramic vistas of Half Dome, Nevada Fall, and the Illilouette Creek drainage before joining the Mist or John Muir Trail for the final descent.^[64]^[65] For hikers seeking a steeper ascent with prominent views of Yosemite's granite formations, the Four Mile Trail provides a direct path from Yosemite Valley to Glacier Point. Spanning 4.8 miles (7.7 km) one way with a 3,200-foot (975 m) elevation gain, this strenuous trail takes 3-4 hours uphill and offers close-up sights of Yosemite Falls, El Capitan, Sentinel Rock, Half Dome, and Tenaya Canyon; a free shuttle from Glacier Point allows for a one-way hike.^[66]^[67] A gentler option, the Mirror Lake Trail, serves as an easy introduction to the area's natural beauty, starting from the Mirror Lake shuttle stop near Happy Isles. This 2-mile (3.2 km) round-trip path to the lake gains only 100 feet (30 m) in elevation and takes about 1 hour, revealing seasonal reflections of Half Dome in the lake's waters, while a full 5-mile (8 km) loop around the lake adds moderate terrain through forests and meadows.^[68] These trails complement the Mist Trail by offering varied experiences: the Panorama and Four Mile Trails emphasize broader valley panoramas and elevation changes suitable for experienced hikers, whereas the Mirror Lake Trail provides a flat, family-friendly route focused on serene reflections rather than waterfalls, with all access points conveniently near Yosemite Valley Lodge via shuttle or short walks.^[69]

References

[1]
Vernal Fall and Nevada Fall Trails - National Park Service
Mist Trail, John Muir Trail, and Panorama Trail (Vernal Fall-Nevada Fall corridor). Trail projects are improving safety in the Vernal and Nevada Falls corridor.
[2]
Mist and John Muir Trailhead (U.S. National Park Service)
The very popular John Muir and Mist Trails offer spectacular, up-close views of two large waterfalls, enjoyable scenery along the Merced River, and unique ...
[3]
Mist Trail Visitor Safety Railing and Widening Improvements (2020)
The Mist Trail is the second most traveled trail in the National Park Service inventory and can see over 5,000 hikers per day during peak season.
[4]
Mist Trail Corridor Project - National Park Service
Oct 29, 2025 · The purpose of the project is to enhance the visitor experience in the Mist Trail Corridor by addressing safety, wayfinding, stewardship, ...
[5]
Pathways: A Story of Trails and Men (1968), by John W. Bingaman
The State purchased the Mist Trail in 1882 for $300. The original trail prom Glacier Point to Nevada Falls was one built by Washburn and McCready in 1872, ...
[6]
Vernal and Nevada Fall Winter Route - National Park Service
Due to icy conditions in the winter months, parts of the Mist Trail and the John Muir Trail are closed. Portions of the trails have overhanging rock where ...
[7]
[PDF] NEVADA FALL CORRIDOR: A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORT
These first trails followed paths established by Native Americans, but by the late. 1870s, these trails were tourist corridors within Yosemite Grant boundaries.
[8]
Early Tourism - Roads and Trails - Yosemite National Park (U.S. ...
The Mann Toll Horse Trail opened in 1856. Riders traveled 45 miles from Mariposa to Wawona, then followed old Indian routes into Yosemite Valley near Bridalveil ...
[9]
Explore Yosemite's Mist Trail—and the Park's Chinese American ...
Feb 28, 2018 · Explore Yosemite's Mist Trail—and the Park's Chinese American Legacy. Inside one writer's quest to unearth family history within "Gold Mountain".
[10]
Yosemite: the Park and its Resources (1987) by Linda W. Greene
By the early 1930s Yosemite's trail network was largely complete, and trail ... Willow planting in Yosemite Valley reached a peak during the CCC work of the 1930s ...
[11]
[PDF] Historic Resource Study - NPS History
John Muir Trail. By the early 1930s Yosemite's trail network was largely complete, and trail crews began concentrating more on maintenance than construction ...
[12]
Mist Trail Corridor Rehabilitation - National Park Service
The trails in the Mist Trail Corridor are the busiest in Yosemite National Park. This historic trail corridor features legendary trails and landmarks, ...
[13]
The Mist Trail Corridor Project - ArcGIS StoryMaps
Oct 24, 2024 · This historic trail corridor features legendary trails and landmarks, such as the Happy Isles, the John Muir Trail, the Mist Trail and the Half Dome Trail.
[14]
Yosemite Valley, California is an example of a U shaped glacial valley
Yosemite Valley is a glacial valley in the Sierra Nevada mountains and the focal point of Yosemite National Park. The Valley is drained by the Merced River.
[15]
Geology - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Lyell Canyon and Yosemite Valley are examples of U-shaped valleys. Glaciers carving the main valleys were thicker and had more erosive power than those in ...Rockfall · Glaciers · Granite
[16]
The Mist Trail (Vernal & Nevada Falls) - Yosemite Hikes
The Mist Trail is 3 miles to Vernal Fall, 7 to Nevada Fall, with 1000-1900 ft elevation gain. It's medium to strenuous, with waterfalls and views. Expect to ...Missing: WPA | Show results with:WPA
[17]
Nevada Fall via the Mist Trail, California - AllTrails
Rating 4.9 (5,258) Head out on this 5.7-mile out-and-back trail near Yosemite Valley, California. Generally considered a challenging route, it takes an average of 3 h 53 min to ...
[18]
Waterfalls - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Nov 26, 2024 · A one-mile loop trail leads to the base of Lower Yosemite Fall (the eastern side of the loop, from the shuttle stop to the base of the waterfall ...Exiting Nps.Gov · Alerts In Effect · Park Closures
[19]
Hydrology - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Webcam: View from Happy Isles Gaging Station (provided by the USGS) of the Merced River. · Springs: Explore Yosemite's springs and recent efforts to map them.Missing: U- | Show results with:U-
[20]
https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/ccsnowpack.htm
[21]
Climate Change: Snowpack and Waterfalls - Yosemite National Park ...
The total April–July flow of the Merced may drop by 16%, while winter flows may rise. More winter flooding: Days when the Merced River measures over 8.5 ...Exiting Nps.Gov · Alerts In Effect · Park Closures
[22]
Merced R a Happy Isles Bridge NR Yosemite CA - USGS-11264500
Discover water data collected at monitoring location USGS-11264500, located in California and find additional nearby monitoring locations.
[23]
Water Safety - Yosemite - National Park Service
Areas are closed to swimming and wading in places (like Emerald Pool, above Vernal Fall) where multiple incidents occur each year.
[24]
Turning Blue in the Emerald Pool - Yosemite National Park (U.S. ...
Jul 29, 2016 · A group of eight older teens were hiking the Mist Trail above Vernal Fall. Two of the teens, both from Southern California, were familiar with ...
[25]
Granite - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Granite dominates the geology of Yosemite National Park. The park boundary perfectly frames a landscape that is composed almost entirely of granite.
[26]
[PDF] The geologic story of Yosemite National Park
straightened U-shaped valley. (Fig. 58) results in this U -shaped valley. JAGGED ... upper Merced River basin via Little Yosemite Valley. B, Tioga- age ...
[27]
Researching Past Glaciers in Yosemite - National Park Service
During the maximum extent of the Tioga glaciation, glaciers and ice fields covered most areas in and around Yosemite National Park above 8,900 feet (2,700 m) in ...
[28]
Plants - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Vegetation zones range from scrub and chaparral communities at lower elevations, to subalpine forests and alpine meadows at the higher elevations.
[29]
Wetland Vegetation - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park ...
This wetland type includes wet meadows, densely vegetated riparian habitats, and shallow ponds. They provide cover and forage for wildlife traveling between ...Exiting Nps.Gov · Alerts In Effect · Park ClosuresMissing: flora | Show results with:flora
[30]
Black Cottonwood - Broadleaved Trees - Yosemite Online
It is rarely found above 4,500 feet and is common in the Yosemite Valley, Wawona, and Hetch Hetchy areas where it grows along streams or in moist meadows.
[31]
Common Wildflowers - Yosemite - National Park Service
As you wander through Yosemite National Park, you can expect to see a great diversity of wildflowers; to date about 1,450 species have been found in the ...
[32]
Where to See Wildflowers - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National ...
The full Mist Trail, the John Muir Trail between Clark Point and Panorama Trail ... Keep your eye out for groundsel, lupines, red columbine, wallflower ...Exiting Nps.Gov · Alerts In Effect · Park Closures
[33]
Refreshing the Mist Trail - Yosemite Conservancy
The project aims to improve visitor experience and safety by addressing issues like confusing signs, failing trails, and creating seating areas and removing ...
[34]
Yosemite - Nature - National Park Service
Oct 29, 2025 · Yosemite National Park supports more than 400 species of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Low intensity ...Natural Features & Ecosystems · Environmental Factors · Wildlife and Fire · Animals
[35]
Animals - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Yosemite National Park supports more than 400 species of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.Mammals · Reptiles · Birds · Amphibians
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Mammals - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Oct 29, 2025 · Yosemite National Park's approximately 90 mammal species, and their behaviors, are truly fascinating for park visitors to observe safely and responsibly.
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Bears - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
The full Mist Trail, the John Muir Trail between Clark Point and Panorama Trail ... Black bears vary greatly in size--the largest black bear captured in Yosemite ...
[38]
Mountain Lions - Yosemite - National Park Service
Mountain lions—also called cougars, pumas or panthers—roam Yosemite's mountains and valleys. These important predators, native to the Americas, are a natural ...
[39]
Birds - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Oct 29, 2025 · During the winter, it is a treat to watch John Muir's favorite bird, the American dipper, as it plunges underneath ice in its search for aquatic ...<|separator|>
[40]
Reptiles - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Feb 4, 2017 · Gartersnakes are the most common snake observed in the park. The park contains three species of gartersnakes, including the Sierra gartersnake.
[41]
Wilderness Safety - Yosemite - National Park Service
Oct 29, 2025 · Respect animals at a distance: never feed or approach them. If you encounter wildlife, maintain a safe distance. Animals are unpredictable and ...
[42]
The Mist Trail to Vernal Fall and Nevada Fall in Yosemite National ...
Mist Trail: description, photos, GPS map, and directions for this exciting hike to Vernal Fall and Nevada Fall in Yosemite National Park.
[43]
Public Transportation - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park ...
Oct 29, 2025 · Valleywide shuttle: This route serves all stops in Yosemite Valley, including lodges, food service, campgrounds, and trailheads. Buses arrive ...
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Valley Shuttle Stop 16: Happy Isles - National Park Service
Aug 13, 2025 · Yosemite Valley shuttles are free and operate from 7 am to 10 pm daily. ... Mist Trail/John Muir Trail trailhead. Shuttle Tips & Accessibility.Valley Shuttle Stop 16... · Shuttle Tips & Accessibility · Yosemite National Park
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Trailhead Parking - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park ...
Oct 29, 2025 · A shuttle bus stop is nearby, and a free shuttle bus can take you to other trailheads around Yosemite Valley. Overnight parking on the Tioga ...
[46]
Fees & Passes - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Oct 29, 2025 · Get an entrance pass. All visitors must have one of these entrance passes: Pass, Price. Standard Pass, $20.00–$35.00. Annual Pass, $70.00.
[47]
Curry Village bike stand - National Park Service
Aug 21, 2025 · See website for hours, or call 209/372-8323. Bicycle rentals are available daily spring through fall, conditions permitting. Accessibility. A ...
[48]
Biking - Yosemite Valley - National Park Service
Bicycles are available for rent in Yosemite Valley at Curry Village, Yosemite Village, and Yosemite Valley Lodge. Electric scooters, wheelchairs, strollers, ...
[49]
Trailhead Information - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park ...
This is a list of trailhead names for wilderness permit purposes. (A map showing each trailhead is also available [1.5 MB PDF].)Missing: coordinates | Show results with:coordinates
[50]
Seasons - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Oct 31, 2024 · Typically, snow coverage is consistent at elevations above 6,000 feet but by November or December, you should be prepared for snowy conditions ...
[51]
Park Statistics - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Oct 29, 2025 · 2009 · 75% of visitors were U.S. residents; and 62% of those were from California. · 25% of visitors were international visitors. · 87% of ...Infrastructure · Visitor UseMissing: projections | Show results with:projections
[52]
Current Conditions - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park ...
The full Mist Trail, the John Muir Trail between Clark Point and Panorama Trail junction, and the Panorama Trail in the vicinity of the John Muir Trail ...Webcams · Tioga and Glacier Point Roads · Yosemite Weather Forecast Map
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Pets - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Oct 29, 2025 · pets must be restrained on a leash not more than six feet long or otherwise physically restrained · leashed pets may not be left unattended · for ...
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Wilderness Regulations - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National ...
Oct 29, 2025 · A wilderness permit is required for all overnight wilderness use and MUST be in your possession while in the Wilderness.Exiting Nps.Gov · Alerts In Effect · Park Closures
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Permits & Reservations - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National ...
Oct 29, 2025 · You no longer need a reservation to drive into Yosemite in 2025. The $35/car park entrance fee still applies when you arrive.
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Wilderness Permits - National Park Service
A wilderness permit is required year-round for backpacking, overnight climbing, or any other overnight stay in the Yosemite Wilderness.Half Dome Permits · Reservations · Wilderness Climbing Permits · 24 weeks
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Half Dome Permits for Day Hikers - National Park Service
Permits for day hikers are distributed by lottery via Recreation.gov, with one preseason lottery having an application period in March and and daily lotteries ...Lottery Statistics · Yosemite National Park (U.S.... · Wilderness Permits
[58]
https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/wildpermits.htm
[59]
Three BASE Jumpers Convicted for Base Jumping in Yosemite ...
Oct 24, 2025 · On September 16, 2025, the judge sentenced Durell to 18 months of unsupervised probation, $600 in fines, and 40 hours of community service with ...
[60]
John Muir and Pacific Crest Trails - Yosemite National Park (U.S. ...
The full Mist Trail, the John Muir Trail between Clark Point and Panorama Trail junction, and the Panorama Trail in the vicinity of the John Muir Trail ...
[61]
Panorama and Pohono Trailheads (U.S. National Park Service)
At the junction above Nevada Fall, hikers can take either the Mist Trail or the John Muir Trail to the valley floor. Distance: 8.2 miles (13.2 km) one-wayPanorama And Pohono... · Panorama Trail · Pohono Trail
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Day Hikes along the Glacier Point Road - National Park Service
Sep 10, 2025 · The most direct route from Glacier Point to Yosemite Valley, this trail is a very steep descent with stunning views. Panorama Trail. Time 6–8 ...
[63]
Four Mile Trail - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
The Four Mile Trail is 4.8 miles one way, strenuous, with 3,200 ft elevation gain, taking 3-4 hours one-way, and has views of Yosemite Valley.<|separator|>
[64]
Four Mile Trailhead (U.S. National Park Service)
Aug 21, 2025 · The Four Mile Trail features remarkable, panoramic views of Yosemite Falls, El Capitan, Sentinel Rock, Half Dome, and Tenaya Canyon.Four Mile Trailhead · You Might Also Like · Historic Orchards In...Missing: details | Show results with:details
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Mirror Lake Trail - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Distance: 2 miles (3.2 km) round trip to lake and back; 5 miles (8 km) loop around lake ; Elevation: 100 feet ; Difficulty: Easy to Moderate ; Time: 1 hour round ...Trail Overview · Stay Safe
[66]
Yosemite Valley Day Hikes - National Park Service
Oct 29, 2025 · In this video, a ranger describes strenuous hikes in Yosemite Valley, including the Yosemite Falls Trail, Mist Trail to the top of Nevada ...Vernal Fall and Nevada Fall · Four Mile Trail · Yosemite Falls Trail · Mirror Lake Trail<|control11|><|separator|>