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Muir

Muir most commonly refers to John Muir (1838–1914), a Scottish-born American naturalist and conservationist regarded as a founding figure of the modern environmental movement. Muir may also refer to a surname, places, educational institutions, people, fictional elements, or other uses, as detailed in the following sections of this article.

Etymology and Usage

Linguistic Origins

The word "muir" in Scots primarily denotes "moorland" or open heathland, a term rooted in the landscape of northern Britain. It derives from Middle English more, which in turn comes from Old English mōr meaning "moor, marsh, or uncultivated upland," tracing back to Proto-Germanic *mōraz and ultimately Proto-Indo-European *móri, signifying a body of water or swampy terrain.^[1] This evolution reflects influences from Old Norse mýrr ("marsh" or "bog"), which shared the same Proto-Germanic origin and contributed to Scots vocabulary through Viking settlements in Scotland, blending with Anglo-Saxon elements to describe expansive, often peaty wildlands. The term appears in medieval Scottish records as early as 1137 in place-name forms like "mur," evolving into the common noun by 1375, as seen in texts such as John Barbour's The Bruce, where it evokes rugged, open terrains central to the narrative's setting.^[1]^[2] In Scottish literature, "muir" frequently symbolizes untamed nature and isolation, appearing in medieval works to depict heather-covered expanses or hunting grounds, such as references to "mur cock" (red grouse) in 1427 accounts and "muir-hen" by 1512, highlighting its association with wildlife on open heathlands.^[1] Geographically, the word underscores Scotland's topography, where muirs represent vast, windswept areas unsuitable for intensive farming but vital for grazing and peat extraction, a usage persisting from medieval times into modern Scots dialects with phonetic variations like mair or mure.^[1] This linguistic persistence illustrates how Old English and Norse substrates shaped Scots, distinguishing it from southern English forms while emphasizing environmental descriptors over abstract concepts. Independently, in Irish and Scots Gaelic, "muir" means "sea," deriving from Old Irish muir, from Proto-Celtic *mori and the same Proto-Indo-European *móri root, which broadly connoted large bodies of water and links the Celtic and Germanic senses through ancient watery origins.^[3] Etymological derivations include compounds like muirbolc ("sea-inlet") in medieval glosses and muirchrech ("sea-boundary") in Old Irish law texts from the 7th–9th centuries, defining maritime limits for legal purposes such as salvage rights.^[4] Historical usage in place names and literature, such as epic tales and poetry from the early medieval period, portrays muir as a dynamic, often perilous element, evoking waves and oceans in works like the Lebor na hUidre manuscript, where it appears in navigational and mythological contexts without the terrestrial connotations of its Scots counterpart.^[5] This Celtic lineage highlights "muir"'s role in denoting vast, fluid expanses, influencing coastal nomenclature across Gaelic-speaking regions. The dual meanings of "muir"—as moorland in Scots and sea in Gaelic—stem from a shared prehistoric root but diverged through distinct linguistic paths, occasionally intersecting in surnames adopted by families near such features.^[6]

As a Surname

Muir is a Scottish surname derived from the Middle English word "more," meaning moor or moorland, originally denoting someone who lived near such terrain.^[7] It is closely associated with Clan Muir (also spelled Mure or Moore), an armigerous Lowland Scottish clan with historical septs including variations like Moir and More.^[8] The clan's notable history centers on the Mures of Rowallan branch in Ayrshire, which rose to prominence in the 14th century; a daughter of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan married King Robert II, linking the family to the Scottish royal line.^[8] The Rowallan Muirs faced persecution as Covenanters in the 17th century, leading to the loss of their estates to the Earls of Loudoun, and the direct male line ended around 1700.^[8] Clan members migrated to Ireland during the Plantation period, where the name sometimes anglicized from the Gaelic Ó Mórdha (O'More), particularly in Ulster.^[9] Further migrations to North America occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries amid broader Scottish emigration, with early settlers including James Muir arriving in Savannah, Georgia, in 1733.^[7] In modern times, the surname remains prevalent in Scotland, where it ranks among the more common names with approximately 10,539 bearers as of recent estimates.^[10] It has spread significantly to the United States, with around 15,815 individuals, and Canada, with about 6,487, reflecting patterns from 19th- and 20th-century immigration waves documented in censuses up to 2020.^[10]

Places

In the United States

Several small communities and notable natural features across the United States bear the name Muir, reflecting local history, settlement patterns, or tributes to the conservationist John Muir. These locations span rural inland areas, coastal zones, and glacial landscapes, highlighting diverse geographical and ecological contexts. Muir, Michigan, is a small village in Lyons Township, Ionia County, with a population of 646 as of the 2020 census. Originally platted as Montrose in 1856 and established with a post office in 1860, it was renamed Muir that year to honor early settler H.K. Muir, who operated a sawmill and hotel on the site; the community developed around farming and lumber industries in the 19th century.^[11] In Pennsylvania, Muir is a census-designated place in Porter Township, Schuylkill County, with a population of 525 as of the 2020 census and covering about 0.5 square miles. This rural community, part of the broader anthracite coal region, features residential areas and limited commercial development, with a median household income of $96,750 in 2023. Muir Beach, California, is an unincorporated community and adjacent beach in Marin County, located about 16 miles north of San Francisco along the Pacific coast. The area, part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, encompasses a sheltered cove with soft sands, a restored lagoon fed by Redwood Creek, and dunes supporting diverse ecosystems including wetlands and shorebird habitats; it is popular for surfing during northwest swells and ecological observation of species like coho salmon. The community itself had 304 residents as of the 2020 census and emphasizes preservation through local services like fire protection and water management.^[12]^[13] Muir Woods National Monument, also in Marin County, California, preserves 554 acres of old-growth coast redwood forest along Redwood Creek, featuring ancient trees up to 1,000 years old and 250 feet tall. Established on January 9, 1908, by President Theodore Roosevelt via the Antiquities Act at the urging of local conservationists, it was named for John Muir, the influential naturalist who advocated for its protection shortly before his death; today, it attracts over a million visitors annually for its pristine ecology and hiking trails.^[14] In Alaska's Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Muir Glacier is a major tidewater glacier in the east arm of the bay, currently about 0.7 km (0.4 mi) wide at its terminus and retreating significantly since the late 18th century due to climatic warming. First documented by British explorer George Vancouver in 1794 as advancing, it had retreated over 30 miles by the time John Muir visited in 1879; from 1941 to 2004 alone, it receded more than 7 miles and thinned by over 2,600 feet, contributing to the park's dynamic glacial history.^[15]^[16] Adjacent to the glacier, Muir Inlet is a 30-mile-long fjord in Glacier Bay, extending southward from the glacier's head to the main bay and reaching depths over 1,000 feet in places. Formed by glacial erosion during the Little Ice Age, this silled fjord traps sediments and supports marine habitats, including deep basins separated by shallow sills; it is a key area for studying post-glacial rebound and biodiversity in the park.^[17]

Outside the United States

In Scotland, the term "muir" derives from Old English and Scots Gaelic roots meaning moor or heathland, reflecting the country's landscape heritage. Muir of Ord is a village in the Highland council area, located on the Black Isle peninsula near the Beauly Firth, with a population of 2,840 as of 2020, historically serving as a hub for local agriculture.^[18] It hosts the annual Black Isle Show, recognized as the largest agricultural event in northern Scotland, attracting thousands for livestock displays, farming demonstrations, and markets that highlight regional produce and traditions.^[19] Nearby, Calais Muir Wood in Dunfermline functions as a public recreational woodland, encompassing ancient paths, trails for walking and wildlife observation, and remnants of 19th-century industrial history including limekilns and a disused waggonway linked to local quarrying.^[20] The area preserves archaeological features such as a Bronze Age tumulus, underscoring its long-standing environmental and cultural significance in Fife's clan-influenced heritage.^[21] In Canada, Muir Lake lies in Parkland County, Alberta, within the aspen parkland ecoregion of the Rocky Mountain foothills, offering a serene setting for outdoor activities. Designated as a Public Land Recreation Area, it spans approximately 30 hectares with a maximum depth of 6 meters and features interpretive trails, a dock for non-motorized boating, and shoreline access for angling, where the lake is annually stocked with rainbow and brown trout to support recreational fishing.^[22] The site's natural amenities, including surrounding mixed woodlands and meadows, provide opportunities for hiking and birdwatching, emphasizing Alberta's commitment to accessible public lands for low-impact recreation amid its prairie-forest transition zone.^[23]

Educational Institutions

K-12 Schools

Several K-12 schools in the United States are named after John Muir, the renowned conservationist, reflecting his enduring influence on education and environmental awareness. These institutions often incorporate themes inspired by his legacy, such as nature appreciation and outdoor learning, while serving diverse student populations in primary and secondary grades. John Muir High School in Pasadena, California, was built in 1926 as part of the Pasadena Unified School District and serves students in grades 9-12.^[24] The school is known for its notable alumni, including figures in entertainment like actor Dax Shepard and musician David Lee Roth, as well as scientists and athletes, highlighting its role in fostering diverse talents.^[25] John Muir Middle School in San Leandro, California, was originally constructed in 1950 and serves grades 6-8 within the San Leandro Unified School District.^[26] The school offers core programs in mathematics, science, English language arts, and history, with elective options tailored to student needs, promoting active engagement in a safe and inclusive environment.^[27] John Muir Elementary School in San Francisco, California, was completed in 1927 and serves students from pre-kindergarten through grade 5 in the San Francisco Unified School District.^[28] The school emphasizes environmental education through partnerships like the Pollinator Garden Project, where students plant native species, manage compost, and learn about sustainability, aligning with Muir's conservation philosophy.^[29] Similar namesake elementary schools exist in other U.S. cities, such as John Muir Literacy Academy in Hoffman Estates, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, which serves grades K-6 and focuses on literacy and gifted programs.^[30] In the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, area, historical references note a John Muir school that evolved into Carmen High School of Science and Technology, originally serving younger grades before transitioning.^[31] Internationally, schools like the John Muir Campus of Dunbar Primary School in Scotland integrate outdoor learning experiences inspired by Muir's emphasis on nature, though specific primary schools bearing his name in cities like Edinburgh are less documented in recent records.^[32]

Colleges and Universities

John Muir College at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), is a residential undergraduate college named in honor of the renowned Scottish-American conservationist John Muir. Established in 1967 as the second college on the UCSD campus, it admits students from all academic majors and emphasizes themes of individual responsibility, self-reliance, and environmental stewardship, reflecting Muir's legacy as a naturalist and advocate for wilderness preservation. The college houses the UCSD Environmental Studies minor, which provides an interdisciplinary perspective on environmental issues, including climate justice and Indigenous land relationships, and serves over 5,000 students through its flexible general education requirements in natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities.^[33] Muir Central College, located in Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad), India, was founded by Sir William Muir, the Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces, to advance higher education in arts and sciences amid growing local demand for accessible institutions. The foundation stone was laid on December 9, 1873, by Lord Northbrook, marking the formal beginning of construction for this central college aimed at fostering comprehensive academic programs. In 1887, it became a constituent part of the newly established University of Allahabad under Act XVIII, and by 1921, it fully integrated as a unitary teaching and residential entity, contributing to the university's development as one of India's oldest higher education institutions.^[34]

People

Conservationists and Naturalists

John Muir (1838–1914) was a Scottish-born American naturalist and conservationist whose advocacy played a pivotal role in the establishment of the U.S. national parks system. Born on April 21, 1838, in Dunbar, Scotland, Muir immigrated to the United States with his family in 1849, settling in Wisconsin where he developed an early fascination with the natural world through self-directed studies in botany and geology. After a period of invention and factory work, including a life-altering industrial accident in 1867 that temporarily blinded him, Muir embarked on extensive explorations of the American West, particularly the Sierra Nevada mountains, which became the focus of his lifelong passion. He is credited with influencing the preservation of Yosemite Valley, advocating against commercial exploitation through writings and lobbying that contributed to Yosemite's designation as a national park in 1890.^[35]^[36]^[37] In 1892, Muir co-founded the Sierra Club, serving as its first president and using the organization to promote environmental protection and public access to wilderness areas.^[38] His efforts extended to the creation of Sequoia National Park in 1890 and other protected lands, including influencing President Theodore Roosevelt's policies that established 148 national forests, 51 federal bird reserves, 5 national parks, and 18 national monuments during his administration. Muir's prolific output included over 300 articles and 12 books, such as My First Summer in the Sierra (1911), which vividly chronicled his transformative experiences in California's wilderness and emphasized the spiritual and recreational value of untouched nature.^[39] His legacy endures in the Antiquities Act of 1906 and the founding of the National Park Service in 1916, institutions that safeguard millions of acres of public land for future generations.^[40] Muir died on December 24, 1914, in Los Angeles, California, leaving an indelible mark as a foundational figure in modern environmentalism.^[36] Alexander Muir (1830–1906) was a Scottish-born Canadian schoolmaster, poet, and composer whose work incorporated natural symbols, reflecting a subtle affinity for environmental themes in his patriotic writings. Born on 5 April 1830 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Muir moved to Canada with his family in 1833, settling in Scarborough Township near Toronto, where he taught in public schools and joined the volunteer militia in 1862.^[41] In 1867, the year of Canadian Confederation, he composed "The Maple Leaf Forever," a song that celebrates the maple tree as an enduring emblem of Canadian identity and resilience, evoking themes of natural beauty and national unity rooted in the landscape.^[42] While primarily known for his educational and musical contributions, Muir's lyrics in this anthem and other poems drew on environmental imagery, such as forests and foliage, to foster a sense of connection to Canada's wild heritage, aligning with broader 19th-century romanticism of nature.^[41] He passed away on 26 June 1906 in Toronto, remembered for blending cultural expression with subtle nods to the natural world.^[42] Edwin Muir (1887–1959), a Scottish poet and critic, contributed to conservation literature through his evocative depictions of nature, drawing from his Orkney upbringing to explore themes of ecological harmony and human impact on the environment. Born on May 15, 1887, in Deerness, Orkney Islands, Muir experienced a idyllic rural childhood on his family's farm before economic hardship forced a move to industrial Glasgow in 1901, a contrast that profoundly shaped his writing.^[43] His poetry often bridged personal memory with broader ecological concerns, as seen in works like "The Horses" (1956), which imagines a post-apocalyptic world where wild horses reclaim the earth, symbolizing nature's restorative power and critiquing technological overreach.^[44] Other poems, such as "The Animal Kingdom" and "Orpheus' Dream," portray animals and landscapes as integral to human spiritual life, influencing mid-20th-century environmental thought by emphasizing paradise lost through industrialization.^[43] Muir's translations and essays further amplified nature-inspired literature, connecting Scottish traditions to global conservation narratives until his death on January 3, 1959, in Cambridge, England.^[43]

Entertainers and Media Figures

David Muir (born November 8, 1973) is an American journalist and anchor who has served as the lead anchor and managing editor of ABC World News Tonight since September 2014.^[45] His reporting on global events, including international conflicts and humanitarian crises, has earned him multiple Emmy Awards, including one in 2023 for Outstanding Live News Program, as well as several Edward R. Murrow Awards from the Radio Television Digital News Association.^[46] In 2025, Muir was named to TIME magazine's list of the 100 most influential people, recognized for his influential role in broadcast journalism.^[47] Jean Muir (1911–1996) was an American actress prominent in Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940s, known for her roles in films such as The Invisible Ray (1936), where she played opposite Boris Karloff, and A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935) as Helena.^[48] Born Jean Muir Fullarton in Suffern, New York, she began her career on stage before transitioning to film, appearing in over 20 movies including The Constant Nymph (1943).^[49] Her career was disrupted in the 1950s when she became one of the first performers blacklisted by the entertainment industry following allegations during the Red Scare, leading her to retire from acting until brief returns in television in the late 1950s and early 1960s.^[50] Frank Muir (1920–1998) was a British writer, broadcaster, and humorist renowned for his contributions to radio comedy.^[51] He co-created and starred in the long-running BBC radio panel show My Word!, which aired from 1956 to 1977 (with repeats until 1990), where he collaborated with Denis Norden to deliver witty quotations and stories in response to literary clues.^[52] Muir's broadcasting career also included appearances on My Music and writing for shows like Take It from Here.^[53] Among his books, The Frank Muir Book: An Irreverent Companion to Social History (1976) collects humorous anecdotes and quotations spanning centuries of British customs and follies.^[54] Jo Muir (born 1994) is a British former modern pentathlete who gained media attention through her participation in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, where she competed for Great Britain in the women's modern pentathlon event.^[55] Following the Olympics, Muir has appeared in media interviews discussing her athletic career and transition to post-competitive life, including a BBC Scotland feature on her experiences in the sport.^[56] She retired from professional pentathlon in 2023 after a decade on the World Class Programme, during which she secured notable results like second place at the 2021 Modern Pentathlon World Cup opener.^[57]

Fictional Elements

Characters

In the supernatural romantic fantasy novel The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1945) by R.A. Dick (pseudonym of Josephine Leslie), Lucy Muir is the central character, a strong-willed young widow and aspiring writer who relocates from London to the seaside Gull Cottage in the fictional village of Whitecliff, only to discover it is haunted by the spirit of its previous owner, sea captain Daniel Gregg. The narrative explores themes of independence, love beyond death, and artistic fulfillment as Lucy collaborates with the captain's ghost to write his biography, Blood and Swash^[58]. This character embodies mid-20th-century ideals of female autonomy amid societal constraints. The 1947 film adaptation, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and produced by 20th Century Fox, faithfully portrays Lucy Muir, played by Gene Tierney, emphasizing her transformation from a grieving mother to a self-reliant author through her ethereal romance with Captain Gregg (Rex Harrison). The story concludes with Lucy's successful publication of the captain's memoirs, symbolizing enduring partnership. The film's lush cinematography and poignant score by Bernard Herrmann underscore the character's emotional depth. A 1968–1970 NBC sitcom adaptation, The Ghost & Mrs. Muir, modernizes the role as Carolyn Muir, a widowed novelist and mother portrayed by Hope Lange, who moves into the haunted Gull Cottage in the contemporary (for the time) coastal town of Schooner Bay, Maine. Carolyn navigates single parenthood, career ambitions, and comedic supernatural interactions with the ghostly Captain Gregg (Edward Mulhare), often clashing with the meddlesome medium Claymore Gregg (Charles Nelson Reilly). Over 50 episodes, the series highlights Carolyn's wit and resilience while softening the original's gothic tone for family-friendly humor. In the 2024 survival horror video game Still Wakes the Deep, developed by The Chinese Room, Ewan Muir is a supporting human character, a rough-edged Glaswegian deckhand aboard the Beira D oil platform off the Scottish coast in 1975. As tensions rise amid a supernatural infestation that mutates the crew, Ewan's early infection and tragic fate heighten the game's atmosphere of isolation and dread, drawing on his backstory as a family man grappling with rig life. Muir Castrea appears in the Japanese light novel series Konjiki no Wordmaster: Shijō Saikyō no Kokka wo Mezasu (2012–present) by Tomoto Sui, as a young, cat-eared beastkin girl enslaved in the fantasy nation of Raetsia. Rescued by the protagonist Hiiro Okamura, a high school student transported to this world with word-manipulating powers, Muir evolves from a timid, loyal companion to a skilled fighter using her agility and claws in battles against discriminators. Her arc emphasizes themes of freedom and found family in the isekai genre.

Locations

In the Marvel Comics universe, Muir Island is a fictional private island situated off the northern coast of Scotland, first introduced in Uncanny X-Men #104 (1977). It houses the Muir Island Research Facility, a specialized center for genetic and mutant research founded by the scientist Moira MacTaggert, where extensive studies on mutant physiology, abilities, and related phenomena like the Legacy Virus have been conducted. The island's remote location and convergence of Earth's ley lines make it a pivotal setting in X-Men narratives, notably during the 1991 Muir Island Saga crossover, where it becomes a battleground against threats like the Shadow King.^[59]^[60] In literature, the Muir House appears as a central fictional location in Mary E. DeMuth's 2011 novel The Muir House, depicted as a converted funeral home in a suburban Texas neighborhood that symbolizes profound isolation and psychological haunting for its protagonist, Willa Muir. The house, once the site of Willa's traumatic childhood experiences she struggles to recall, underscores themes of repressed memory and emotional recovery amid its eerie, confining atmosphere. This invented setting draws no direct parallel to real-world locales like Muir Beach in California, which features in naturalist accounts rather than fiction.

Other Uses

Natural and Astronomical Features

The minor planet (128523) Johnmuir is a main-belt asteroid approximately 1–2 km in diameter, discovered on August 11, 2004, by amateur astronomer R. E. Jones at the Francisquito Observatory in Santa Clarita, California, and officially named in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in recognition of John Muir's contributions to conservation and natural history.^[61]^[62] Several biological taxa have been named in honor of John Muir, reflecting his influence on natural history and exploration, particularly in the Sierra Nevada and coastal regions. In entomology, the butterfly Thecla muirii, a species in the family Lycaenidae found in the Sierra Nevada mountains, was described in 1881 by Henry Edwards based on specimens collected by Muir during his early surveys.^[63] Other examples include the subspecies Trogolodytes troglodytes muiri of the winter wren, a small bird inhabiting coastal redwood forests from southwest Oregon to Marin County, California, named for Muir's advocacy in protecting these habitats, and Ochotona princeps muirii, a subspecies of the American pika (Yosemite cony) endemic to Yosemite National Park, identified by Joseph Grinnell and Tracy Storer with a type locality at Ten Lakes.^[63] Additionally, the millipede Amplaria muiri from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks was described in 2007 by William A. Shear and Julian J. Krejca to commemorate Muir's legacy in the Sierra Nevada ecosystems.^[63] Muir moraine refers to glacial deposits associated with the advances of the Muir Glacier in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, primarily formed during the Little Ice Age (approximately 1250–1850 CE), a period of regional cooling that led to glacier expansion and sediment accumulation. These moraines consist of unsorted till—mixtures of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders—deposited at the glacier's terminus and margins as ice advanced, with terminal moraines marking the maximum extent and lateral moraines tracing the sides of the ice flow. In Muir Inlet, a 48-km-long fjord, morainal banks up to 140 m thick developed during stillstands at constrictions, trapping sediments from glacial erosion of bedrock and subglacial streams, as evidenced by seismic profiles and core samples showing layered glacimarine deposits. Observations through 2025 indicate that post-Little Ice Age retreat has exposed these features, with the Muir Glacier receding over 50 km since the late 18th century at rates exceeding 1 km per year in the 20th century, though the moraines persist as stable landforms amid ongoing deglaciation and marine benthic habitat succession.^[64]^[65]^[66]

Organizations and Vehicles

The USS Muir (DE-770) was a Cannon-class destroyer escort of the United States Navy, named after Lieutenant Kenneth Hart Muir, a naval aviator killed in 1942.^[67] Laid down on 1 June 1943 by the Tampa Shipbuilding Company in Tampa, Florida, the vessel was launched on 4 June 1944 and commissioned on 30 August 1944 under the command of Lieutenant Commander Theodore A. O'Gorman, USNR.^[67] During World War II, it conducted shakedown training off Bermuda before serving as a schoolship in Chesapeake Bay from November to December 1944, followed by convoy escort duties between U.S. East Coast ports and the Mediterranean until May 1945.^[67] As part of antisubmarine "Killer Group" Task Group 22.13 and Task Force 63, the Muir hunted German U-boats in the North Atlantic, notably participating in the acceptance of the surrender of the German submarine U-858 on 10 May 1945 and escorting the captured U-234 to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, by 19 May 1945.^[67] After Japan's surrender in August 1945, the ship shifted to training carrier pilots off Mayport, Florida, until late 1945, with no direct combat deployment to the Pacific theater.^[67] Decommissioned in September 1947 at Green Cove Springs, Florida, it joined the Atlantic Reserve Fleet before being loaned to the Republic of Korea on 2 February 1956 as the Kyong-ki (DE-71) and struck from the U.S. Navy list on 1 July 1960.^[67] The John Muir Trust is a UK-based conservation charity dedicated to protecting and enhancing wild places for public benefit, drawing inspiration from the Scots-born naturalist John Muir (1838–1914), founder of the modern conservation movement.^[68] Established in February 1983, the organization focuses on acquiring, managing, and restoring land to promote biodiversity, sustainable access, and protection from development.^[69] It owns several key sites across Scotland, including Ben Nevis, Sandwood Bay, and East Schiehallion, acquired in 1999 to safeguard the mountain's habitats and improve public paths for non-intrusive access.^[68] At Schiehallion, the Trust has led habitat restoration efforts, such as realigning trails and creating woodland corridors spanning over 3,000 hectares in partnership with neighboring landowners, while opposing threats like telecommunications infrastructure in sensitive areas.^[70] As of 2025, the Trust remains active, managing these holdings through community collaboration, running the John Muir Award program to encourage outdoor engagement, and advocating against industrialization of wild lands.^[68]

References

[1]
John Muir: A Brief Biography - Sierra Club
John Muir - farmer, inventor, sheepherder, naturalist, explorer, writer, and conservationist - was born on April 21, 1838 in Dunbar, Scotland.
[2]
About John Muir
We take our name from John Muir (1838-1914), the Scots-born founder of the modern conservation movement. Muir was passionate about wild places.
[3]
John Muir Papers | University of the Pacific Research
As a renowned naturalist, explorer, writer, and conservationist, John Muir is considered a forefather of the modern environmental movement.
[4]
John Muir Global Network – A portal to celebrating environmental ...
John Muir was America's most famous and influential naturalist and conservationist, and founder of the Sierra Club. He has been called “The Father of our ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[5]
SND :: muir - Dictionaries of the Scots Language
1. Sc. form of Eng. moor. ne.Sc. 1952 John R. Allan North-East Lowlands of Scotland (1974) 19: The countryside was bare and wild. Most of it was muir if dry ...
[6]
The Bruce, by John Barbour - Project Gutenberg
... muir in Angus, “the name of a great track of waste ground a few miles to the north of Forfar” and about two miles east of it, “a village vulgarly named ...
[7]
muir - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
### Etymology and Historical Usage of 'muir' in Irish and Scottish Gaelic
[8]
Old Irish muirchrech 'sea-boundary'
Abstract. The Old Irish word muirchrech (also murchrech and muirchreth) is found in law texts where it refers to the distance out to sea at which certain ...Missing: historical | Show results with:historical
[9]
https://www.libraryireland.com/AnglicisedSurnames/Moore-Mure-Muir.php
[10]
https://forebears.io/surnames/muir
[11]
Muir History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
Early Origins of the Muir family. The surname Muir was first found in Ayrshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Àir), formerly a county in the southwestern Strathclyde ...Muir History · Etymology · Early Origins · Early History
[12]
More / Muir Clan History - ScotClans
The gaelic 'mór' is translated as 'large' or 'big', and the surname may simply refer to such physical attributes. As one of the commonest descriptive titles ...
[13]
Moore, Mure, Muir - Anglicised Surnames in Ireland
Moore, Mure, Muir, Moir—These four names are the anglicised forms of the ancient O'More clan in Ulster. The O'Mores formerly occupied a district in S.W. Co.
[14]
Muir Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
It is also found in Australia, where 18 percent are found and Scotland, where 17 percent are found. Muir Family Population Trend historical fluctuation. The ...Missing: census 2020-2025
[15]
A History Of Muir
The Village of Muir is located on a tract of land first improved by W.Z. Blanchard and J.C. Blanchard, who cleared a farm there, built a farm house and barn ...Missing: Indiana unincorporated
[16]
Muir Beach - National Park Service
Oct 10, 2024 · The waters of Redwood Creek flow through Muir Woods and enter the ocean at Muir Beach. They're home to coho salmon, which use the creek for ...
[17]
About MBCSD - Muir Beach Community Services District
Jul 31, 2017 · Muir Beach is only six miles from San Francisco and the North end of the Golden Gate Bridge. Yet, it is surrounded by state and federal forests.
[18]
https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/Muir_of_Ord
[19]
Glacier Bay's Glacial History - National Park Service
Sep 26, 2025 · When conservationist John Muir traveled here in search of active glaciers in 1879, the glacier he sought had retreated 40 more miles up the bay ...
[20]
Muir Glacier in Glacier Bay National Monument 1941 - USGS.gov
For nearly two centuries before 1941, Muir Glacier had been retreating. In places, a thickness of more than two-thirds of a mile of ice had been lost. Sources/ ...
[21]
Muir Inlet (U.S. National Park Service)
Mar 31, 2021 · Muir Inlet, the east arm of Glacier Bay, is surrounded by green mountains and hills. It is over 20 miles long, and is popular for kayakers and ...
[22]
Muir of Ord - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki
Mar 13, 2025 · Muir of Ord is a sleepy little village that sits in the hollow at the western end of the Black Isle, near the head of the Beauly Firth.
[23]
In pictures: The Highlands' 186th Black Isle Show - BBC
Aug 8, 2025 · Black Isle is the north of Scotland's largest agricultural show. The 186th Black Isle Show has taken place in Muir of Ord in the Highlands.
[24]
History - Calais Woods
Discovered in late 1800s, the Calais Muir tumulus (cairn/barrow) is described as a c.4,000 year old mound of earth (barrow/cairn/tumulus).
[25]
Fife business - Calais Muir Wood
A lovely local community woodland which has recently been upgraded with new paths, signage and a nature trail. A historically important ancient woodland ...
[26]
Muir Lake - Stocking Maps | My Wild Alberta
Muir Lake is in Stony Plain, stocked with Rainbow and Brown Trout, has a max depth of 6m, and is easily accessible with seasonal closures.
[27]
Public land recreation areas and trails | Alberta.ca
Public land recreation includes Public Land Recreation Areas (PLRAs) for managing high use and designated provincial trails for sustainable recreation.
[28]
John Muir High School - Pasadena Unified School District
John Muir High School was built in 1926 and is 1905 Lincoln Ave, Pasadena, CA 91103. Completed: Roofing Replacement Project.
[29]
The John Muir High School Alumni Hall of Fame
The Hall of Fame recognizes some of our classmates that have made a truly outstanding contribution in seeking to achieve their goal.Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[30]
John Muir Middle - School Accountability Report Card
John Muir Middle School was originally constructed in 1950 and is currently comprised of 58 permanent classrooms, a library, a staff lounge, a multipurpose/ ...
[31]
Programs - John Muir Middle - San Leandro Unified School District
All students are required to take a math, science, ELA, and history course, and depending on the student's needs they can choose their electives.
[32]
John Muir Elementary School
Apr 20, 2016 · John Muir Elementary was begun in 1926 and completed in 1927. Its stucco covered, reinforced concrete construction is minimal.Missing: date | Show results with:date
[33]
John Muir School's Pollinator Project - CommunityGrows
Dec 9, 2013 · A Pollinator Garden Project at the school. They planted California native and other climate-adapted plants, feed the garden's Recology compost, sowed hundreds ...
[34]
John Muir Literacy Academy in Hoffman Estates, IL - Niche
Rating 4.0 (2) John Muir Literacy Academy is an above average, public school located in HOFFMAN ESTATES, IL. It has 453 students in grades K-6 with a student-teacher ratio ...
[35]
MPS: A trip down memory lane for alumni - Milwaukee Public Schools
Oct 4, 2017 · A group of Milwaukee Public Schools Alumni recently toured their former stomping grounds. The group -- former students from Grantosa, John Muir (now Carment ...
[36]
School Days - John Gray Centre
The new primary school opened in 1951 and the new Grammar followed 10 years later in 1961. ... Today the primary school is split into two campuses – John Muir ...
[37]
Welcome to John Muir College
John Muir College, the second oldest college of UC San Diego, admitted its first students in the fall of 1967 and moved to its present quarters in 1970.
[38]
History - University of Allahabad
As a result of his initiative the foundation stone of the Muir Central College (named after him) was laid on Dec. 9 1873 by His Excellency Lord Northbrook. Sir ...Missing: 1866 | Show results with:1866
[39]
John Muir Health Introduces New Brand Identity and Logo
Aug 7, 2017 · Since the 1997 merger of the Concord and Walnut Creek medical centers that created John Muir Health, the health system has evolved significantly ...
[40]
Training and Education - John Muir Health
John Muir Health is pleased to offer a variety of training and education opportunities for physicians. After logging in you will find links to:.
[41]
Student Programs - John Muir Health
John Muir Health offers student programs for healthcare careers, including high school and college programs, focused on diverse populations.Missing: founded 1997 outreach
[42]
Biography (John Muir) - National Park Service
Mar 27, 2017 · John Muir was born in Dunbar, Scotland, in 1838 and died in Los Angeles, California, in 1914. His family emigrated to Wisconsin in 1849 to work a series of ...
[43]
John Muir (U.S. National Park Service)
Jun 18, 2025 · John Muir was one of the country's most famous naturalist and conservationist. Muir is credited with the establishment of the National Park System and the ...
[44]
John Muir - Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
John Muir, in his beloved Sierra Nevada, sparks dialogue leading to the creation of Yosemite National Park in 1890. John Muir has inspired Yosemite's ...
[45]
John Muir Timeline - National Park Service
John Muir, the renowned naturalist and conservationist, led a life filled with exploration, discovery, and advocacy for the natural world.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[46]
John Muir's Books and Publications - National Park Service
Oct 15, 2025 · John Muir, a prolific writer and passionate naturalist, left an indelible mark on the world of literature and environmental conservation.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[47]
Education: The Importance of John Muir - National Park Service
Oct 15, 2025 · Muir shared his love of nature through writing and inspired people to protect our country's wild places, fueling the formation of the National Park Service.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[48]
MUIR, ALEXANDER – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
Original title: Alexander Muir, auteur de « The Maple Leaf Forever ». Source ... MUIR, ALEXANDER, schoolteacher, office holder, poet, songwriter, and militiaman; ...Missing: composer | Show results with:composer
[49]
https://www.the-independent.com/news/people/obituary-jean-muir-1307784.html
[50]
Edwin Muir | The Poetry Foundation
A prominent Scottish poet and critic of the mid-twentieth century, Edwin Muir is also remembered as the translator who first brought the works of Franz Kafka ...Missing: conservation | Show results with:conservation
[51]
The Horses of Edward Muir: An Ecological Perspective
Apr 1, 2019 · Muir's poem “Horses” is an early example of the anxiety he faced when remembering his lost childhood and his early life on the Orkney Islands.
[52]
About David Muir - ABC News
Mar 12, 2025 · Muir's reporting has been honored with multiple Emmy awards and Edward R. Murrow awards, and the Society of Professional Journalists has honored ...
[53]
David Muir named in TIME100's list of most influential ... - ABC News
Apr 16, 2025 · In 2023, "ABC World News Tonight with David Muir" earned a News & Documentary Emmy for Outstanding Live News Program and an RTDNA Edward R.
[54]
Diane Sawyer pens tribute to David Muir in Time100's ... - ABC News
Apr 16, 2025 · In 2023, ABC World News Tonight with David Muir earned a News & Documentary Emmy for Outstanding Live News Program and an RTDNA Edward R. Murrow ...
[55]
Jean Muir, Actress Penalized By 50's Blacklist, Dies at 85
Jul 25, 1996 · Jean Muir, Actress Penalized By 50's Blacklist, Dies at 85 - The New York Times.Missing: 1911-1996 | Show results with:1911-1996
[56]
Obituary: Jean Muir | The Independent
Aug 2, 1996 · Jean Muir Fullarton (Jean Muir), actress: born New York City 13 February 1911; married Henry Jaffe (two sons, one daughter; marriage dissolved) ...
[57]
Jean Muir - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times
Jul 26, 1996 · Actress. Born Jean Muir Fullarton on Feb. 13, 1911 in New York, NY. Died July 23, 1996 in Mesa, AZ. Jean Muir was one of the first actresses ...Missing: obituary | Show results with:obituary
[58]
Obituary: Frank Muir | The Independent
Jan 3, 1998 · Frank Muir, writer and broadcaster: born Ramsgate, Kent 5 February 1920; Assistant Head, BBC Light Entertainment Group 1960-64; Head of Entertainment, London ...
[59]
My Word! : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming - Internet Archive
Oct 20, 2020 · My Word! was a BBC radio quiz program, which aired from 1956-1988. In the first half of each program, four panelists (always two men, two women) were asked ...
[60]
My Word! - Radio 4 Panel Show - British Comedy Guide
A guide to My Word!, the 1956 - 1988 BBC Radio 4 radio panel show. Long-running panel show with regulars Frank Muir and Denis Norden.
[61]
The Frank Muir Book: An Irreverent Companion to Social History
Rating 3.9 (28) The Frank Muir Book is both an extraordinary book and unique. It could be ... First published January 1, 1976. Book details & editions. 1 person is ...
[62]
Joanna MUIR - Olympics.com
Joanna MUIR. Great Britain. GBR. Modern Pentathlon. Games Participations1. First Olympic GamesTokyo 2020. Year of Birth1994. Olympic Results. Olympic Results.Missing: Jo appearances
[63]
Joanna Muir on modern pentathlon Olympic hopes - BBC Sport
Aug 4, 2021 · Modern pentathlete Joanna Muir tells BBC Scotland about having to calm horses, sword fighting, and her Olympic hopes.
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Olympian Jo Muir retires from modern pentathlon after ... - Team Bath
Jan 24, 2023 · Olympian and University of Bath alumna Jo Muir “happy, content and excited” after announcing retirement from modern pentathlon. 24 January 2023.
[65]
Muir Island | Marvel Database - Fandom
Muir Island's facility holds a wealth of knowledge on various mutants, their abilities, and other mutant-related issues and concerns (such as the Legacy Virus).
[66]
Muir Island (Location) - Comic Vine
Aug 1, 2023 · Muir Island was created by Chris Claremont and Dave Cockrum and first appeared in X-Men #104 (1977). ... In the Ultimate Marvel Universe, Muir ...
[67]
Minor Planet Named for John Muir - Johnmuir - Geography
The name Johnmuir was submitted to the 15-member Committee on Small Body Nomenclature of the IAU and approved just prior to publication of the SAO/MPC's June ...Missing: lunar crater
[68]
Scientific Names in Honor of John Muir - Sierra Club
Muir's Fleabane, Erigeron muirii, is a daisy-like member of the aster family, named by famed Harvard botanist Asa Gray.
[69]
an example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska - ScienceDirect
This study focuses on Muir Inlet, a deep (150–350 m), narrow (0.75–2.5 km), 48 km long fjord. Eight deep basins within the fjord are separated by shallow ...
[70]
[PDF] Marine Benthic Habitat Mapping of Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National ...
These data cover about 75 km2 or nearly 70 percent of Muir Inlet, extending vertically from just below sea level to over 300 m depth in the deepest fjord ...
[71]
(PDF) Fjords as temporary sediment traps: History of glacial erosion ...
Aug 6, 2025 · Glacimarine sedimentary deposits within the basins of Muir Inlet, a 48-km-long silled fjord, are interpreted from complimentary sets of ...
[72]
Muir (DE-770) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Apr 28, 2016 · Muir (DE‑770) was laid down by Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Tampa, Fla., 1 June 1943; launched 4 June 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Witten H. McConnochie, ...
[73]
Find out More about Us | Who We Are | John Muir Trust
- **Founding Year**: 1983
[74]
Celebrating 40 Years - John Muir Trust
The John Muir Trust was formed in February 1983 to conserve and protect wild places with their indigenous animals, plants and soils for the benefit of ...
[75]
https://www.johnmuirtrust.org/about-us/where-we-work/east-schiehallion