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Pigface

Pigface is an American industrial rock supergroup formed in 1990 by Martin Atkins and William Rieflin. Both former drummers for Ministry, Atkins and Rieflin created the project as a platform for collaborative experimentation, drawing from the industrial music scene associated with Wax Trax! Records.^[1] The band operates with a revolving-door lineup, featuring a wide array of guest musicians and vocalists from the alternative and industrial genres, including Trent Reznor, Skinny Puppy members, and others, resulting in a dynamic, ever-evolving sound.^[2]

History

Formation and early years

Pigface was formed in 1990 in Chicago by drummers Martin Atkins and Bill Rieflin, who had previously collaborated as dual percussionists on Ministry's tour supporting the album The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste (1989).^[3]^[4] The project emerged as a way to explore creative freedom beyond Ministry's rigid structure, with Atkins drawing on his experience founding Invisible Records in 1987 to facilitate the endeavor.^[5]^[4] Conceived as a revolving-door industrial rock collective, Pigface emphasized fluid collaboration among musicians from the Wax Trax! label scene, allowing for a rotating cast of contributors rather than a fixed band lineup.^[4] This approach fostered an experimental ethos, where participants could join for recordings or tours without long-term commitments, reflecting the improvisational spirit of Chicago's industrial underground.^[5]^[3] The group's first live performances took place in 1990, capturing the raw energy of its supergroup dynamic through high-intensity shows that often featured surprise guest appearances.^[6] One early milestone was the recording of the promotional release Lean Juicy Pork in 1990, a hybrid interview and live document that included discussions with members about the band's philosophy alongside remixed and onstage tracks from initial gigs.^[7]^[8] Pigface's debut album, Gub, was recorded in late 1990 with engineer Steve Albini and released in 1991 on Invisible Records, showcasing a chaotic yet cohesive collaborative process where core members like Atkins, Rieflin, Chris Connelly, and William Tucker were joined by guests including Nivek Ogre of Skinny Puppy and Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails.^[4]^[9] The follow-up, Fook, arrived in 1992 and expanded the ensemble further, incorporating additional voices like Mary Byker and Lesley Rankine in a similarly spontaneous recording session that highlighted the band's emphasis on collective improvisation over traditional songwriting.^[4] These early efforts established Pigface as a pivotal force in industrial music, blending aggression with communal creativity up to 1995.^[3]

Peak activity and expansion

Following the initial formation, Pigface entered its most prolific phase from 1996 to 2009, marked by a series of album releases that highlighted the collective's evolving sound and collaborative ethos. The 1997 double-disc album A New High in Low, released on Martin Atkins' Invisible Records, featured extensive experimental elements, including spoken-word contributions from Genesis P-Orridge and vocal performances by Meg Lee Chin, blending industrial noise with avant-garde structures across 33 tracks recorded primarily at Atkins' Mattress Factory studio in Chicago.^[10] This release exemplified the band's shift toward more boundary-pushing formats, incorporating multimedia and thematic explorations of underground culture. By 2003, Pigface had further embraced remix-heavy and genre-fluid experimentation with Easy Listening... For Difficult F**heads*, issued on Underground Inc. (an imprint associated with TVT Records), which traversed styles from trip-hop to harsh electronics through contributions from producers like Chris Vrenna (formerly of Nine Inch Nails) and vocalists including Fallon Bowman.^[11] The album's diverse sonic palette underscored the collective's maturation, prioritizing improvisational remixing over rigid song structures, as noted in contemporary reviews praising its stylistic breadth amid the revolving roster.^[12] The expansion of Pigface's lineup during this era involved increasingly broad guest appearances, with Lesley Rankine of Ruby providing vocals on tracks like "Hips, Tits, Lips, Power" and subsequent works, drawn from her early encounters with the group during Silverfish's 1991 tour support slot.^[13] Rankine's involvement highlighted the band's open-door policy, fostering rapid creative synergies in studio sessions that prioritized artistic immediacy over formal credits. Internal dynamics evolved as co-founder Bill Rieflin reduced his participation after the early 1990s, positioning Atkins as the primary director and curator of the project's chaotic energy.^[14] Label transitions posed ongoing challenges, particularly after Wax Trax! Records—the label central to the Chicago industrial scene from which Pigface emerged—was acquired by TVT Records in 1992, which disrupted distribution and artist support within the industrial scene and prompted a pivot to independent outlets like Invisible for sustained output.^[15] This culminated in 2009 with a signing to Detroit-based Full Effect Records for 6, a compilation of tracks recorded over prior years, emphasizing remixed and archival material that captured the collective's experimental legacy without new studio commitments.^[16] The album's release signaled the close of this expansive period, as Atkins shifted focus toward documentation and education amid the band's fluid structure.

Hiatus and revivals

Following the release of the 2009 studio album 6, Pigface entered a period of dormancy lasting until 2016, during which core members Martin Atkins and Bill Rieflin pursued individual endeavors, including Atkins' solo work and Rieflin's ongoing commitments with bands such as R.E.M. and King Crimson.^[17]^[18] The project revived in November 2016 with two Chicago-area performances marking the band's 25th anniversary. A rehearsal show took place at Reggie's Rock Club on November 24, followed by the primary event at the House of Blues on November 25, where proceeds benefited music charities. The lineup included original collaborators such as Lesley Rankine (Ruby), Charles Levi (My Life With the Thrill Kill Kult), En Esch (KMFDM), Fallon Bowman (ex-Kittie), Greta Brinkman, Mary Byker (Pop Will Eat Itself), Jeff Scheel, and Franke Nardiello (Front Line Assembly).^[19]^[20]^[21] In August 2019, Pigface announced its first tour in 14 years, comprising 13 dates across the East Coast and Midwest from mid-November to early December, with a rotating lineup anchored by Atkins, En Esch, Mary Byker, Lesley Rankine, and Curse Mackey, joined by guests including Randy Blythe (Lamb of God) for the initial dates.^[22]^[23] The momentum was disrupted in 2020 by the death of co-founder Bill Rieflin on March 24 from cancer and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which canceled planned follow-up activities. In response, Pigface streamed a full 2019 concert performance in September 2020 to support affected local venues.^[17]^[24] As of 2025, Pigface remains in a state of intermittent activity without new full-scale tours, with Atkins preserving the project's legacy through sporadic events and exhibits at the Museum of Post Punk & Industrial Music in Chicago, which he founded using his personal collection of industrial artifacts. Notable recent efforts include a June 2025 listening session for Pigface's unreleased "lost album" Made in China, accompanied by a museum tour and access to archived material.^[25]^[26]

Musical style and influences

Core elements

Pigface's musical style is rooted in industrial rock, incorporating elements of noise, aggressive rhythms, and controlled chaos to create a dynamic and unpredictable sound. This foundation features prominent heavy percussion driving the energy, often layered with distorted guitars and electronic manipulations such as samples and triggers, allowing for a fusion of raw rock aggression and experimental textures.^[1]^[27] A defining structural feature of Pigface is its revolving lineup, which eschews a fixed band configuration in favor of collaborative ensembles that vary for each album and live performance, resulting in unique sonic experiences that highlight the collective's improvisational spirit. This approach, spearheaded by founder Martin Atkins, draws on a pool of over 500 contributors from the industrial scene, ensuring that no two releases or shows replicate the same chemistry.^[20] Thematically, Pigface explores aggression, sexuality, and absurdity, often manifesting in provocative lyrics, album artwork, and performance spectacles like on-stage weddings that blend spectacle with intimate acts. For instance, the debut album Gub (1990) derives its title from slang within the Pigface circle, evoking irreverent humor tied to the band's name and ethos.^[27]^[28] Production techniques emphasize multi-layered collaborations captured in intensive recording sessions, bypassing conventional songwriting in favor of spontaneous jams and post-tour captures with engineers like Steve Albini to preserve raw intensity. This method positions Pigface as a supergroup akin to a "recombination lab," where industrial talents remix and evolve ideas across tracks, yielding cohesive yet diverse outputs that thrive in live settings.^[27]^[20]

Key influences

Pigface's formation was deeply rooted in the Chicago industrial music scene, particularly through the influential Wax Trax! label, which served as a hub for pioneering acts like Ministry and Front 242 during the late 1980s.^[29] The collective's inception was inspired by Ministry's 1989–1990 tour for The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste, where drummer Martin Atkins and guitarist Bill Rieflin, along with other touring musicians, experimented with improvisational jams that evolved into Pigface's fluid, collaborative format.^[30] This tour environment fostered a sense of communal creativity, allowing Atkins and Rieflin to break away from rigid band structures and embrace a rotating lineup that reflected the DIY spirit of the Wax Trax! ethos.^[31] The band's sound drew heavily from punk and post-punk origins, shaped by Atkins' formative years drumming for Public Image Ltd. (PiL) from 1979 to 1985, where he contributed to the group's experimental dub-reggae fusion and anti-establishment attitude on albums like Metal Box.^[32] Pigface diverged from PiL's structured post-punk toward a more chaotic, less predictable aesthetic, incorporating raw energy and noise elements that echoed the genre's rebellious roots. Early industrial pioneers also exerted a profound influence, with acts like Throbbing Gristle's confrontational electronics and performance art inspiring Pigface's boundary-pushing intensity, while Skinny Puppy's layered sampling and gothic industrial textures informed the collective's atmospheric aggression.^[32] Collaborations with members from prominent bands amplified Pigface's crossover appeal within the expanding industrial landscape. Contributions from Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails on tracks like "Suck" introduced a polished, metallic edge that bridged underground experimentation with emerging alternative rock audiences, helping Pigface tap into the 1990s industrial boom fueled by MTV exposure and major-label signings.^[33] Similarly, involvement from KMFDM members such as En Esch and Sascha Konietzko brought EBM rhythms and satirical lyrics, enhancing the project's rhythmic drive and broadening its reach to European techno-industrial fans.^[34] Culturally, Pigface embodied the anti-commercialism and DIY principles prevalent in the industrial scene, rejecting polished production in favor of raw, community-driven output that critiqued mainstream conformity. Atkins emphasized hands-on involvement over passive consumption, stating, "If you roll up your sleeves and do something, it’s better than going to a bar to sit and complain," which underscored the collective's commitment to fostering artist autonomy amid the genre's commercial surge.^[32] This ethos positioned Pigface as a key player in the 1990s industrial explosion, where acts like Ministry and Nine Inch Nails propelled the genre from niche subculture to broader cultural relevance.^[33]

Personnel

Founders and core members

Pigface was founded in 1990 by drummers Martin Atkins and Bill Rieflin as an industrial rock collective designed to foster collaborative creativity without traditional band hierarchies.^[20] Both Atkins and Rieflin had previously drummed together for Ministry during its 1989-1990 The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste tour, where their warm-up sessions sparked the idea for a fluid, non-hierarchical project that could incorporate diverse contributors rather than a fixed lineup.^[35] This vision emphasized an open-door policy, allowing hundreds of musicians to participate across recordings and performances, distinguishing Pigface from conventional bands.^[20] Martin Atkins served as the primary founder, drummer, and producer, steering the project's direction from its inception and managing its business operations through his independent label, Invisible Records, which he established in 1988.^[15] Born in Coventry, England, Atkins built a prolific career prior to Pigface, joining Public Image Ltd. (PiL) from 1979 to 1985, where he contributed to albums like Metal Box and Flowers of Romance, and later performing with Killing Joke on their Extremities... Dirt and All (1990) and with Nine Inch Nails on early tours.^[15] He also developed his solo industrial outlet under the moniker Pig, releasing abrasive, experimental works that paralleled Pigface's ethos, and has pursued solo endeavors including music business education and authorship.^[15] Following Rieflin's gradual withdrawal from active involvement in the 1990s to focus on other projects, Atkins assumed full leadership, curating revivals such as the 2016 25th-anniversary performances and subsequent tours. Following Rieflin's death, Pigface has remained inactive with no new tours or releases as of 2025.^[20]^[36] Bill Rieflin, the project's co-founder and a multi-instrumentalist, played a crucial role in its early formation, contributing drums and keyboards to the debut album Gub (1990) and helping shape its experimental sound during the initial Ministry-inspired phase.^[37] Born in Seattle in 1960, Rieflin rose through the local punk scene with bands like The Blackouts before joining Ministry in the late 1980s, and his Pigface work extended his industrial collaborations to acts like Revolting Cocks, KMFDM, and Swans.^[37] He later achieved wider recognition as R.E.M.'s touring and recording drummer from 2003 to 2011, contributing to albums such as Around the Sun (2004), and as a percussionist and keyboardist with King Crimson starting in 2013, participating in their double-drumming configurations.^[37] Rieflin's death from cancer on March 24, 2020, at age 59, marked a significant loss for Pigface, as the co-founder who helped envision its collective spirit was no longer available for potential reunions.^[37]

Notable collaborators

Pigface's collaborative ethos has drawn over 100 musicians from the industrial, rock, and experimental scenes, enabling a fluid supergroup dynamic that emphasizes one-off contributions alongside recurring roles. This revolving-door approach, orchestrated by founders Martin Atkins and Bill Rieflin, fostered innovative recordings and unpredictable live shows where guests often improvised alongside core members. Vocalists have been central to Pigface's sound, with Nivek Ogre of Skinny Puppy delivering raw, intense performances on tracks like "Tapeworm" from the 1990 debut album Gub and recurring on later releases such as Fook (1992), as well as numerous live dates that highlighted his Skinny Puppy-style vocal distortions.^[38]^[39] Chris Connelly, formerly of Ministry, contributed brooding vocals across multiple projects, including key tracks on Gub ("Asphole") and Fook ("Weightless"), establishing him as a staple guest whose baritone added emotional depth to the band's abrasive rhythms.^[38]^[40] Groovie Mann of My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult brought theatrical flair to Easy Listening... For Difficult F**heads* (2001), notably on "Closer to Heaven," where his delivery infused hip-hop-inflected grooves into Pigface's industrial framework.^[41] Instrumentalists expanded the group's sonic palette, with Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails handling early production and mixing on Gub, alongside vocals on "The Bushmaster" and "Suck," marking a pivotal crossover from his nascent NIN work to Pigface's collective experimentation.^[38]^[42] Geordie Walker, Killing Joke's guitarist, provided his signature angular riffs on Fook tracks like "Can You Feel Pain?" and "White Trash Reggae," bridging post-punk textures with Pigface's noise-rock aggression in both studio and occasional live settings.^[40] Bassist Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers appeared as a one-off on Notes from Thee Underground's "Divebomber," injecting funk basslines that contrasted the album's typical industrial grind.^[43] Guitarist Dean Ween of Ween contributed eclectic leads to select recordings, including remixed tracks on compilations like Preaching to the Perverted (2001), adding psychedelic twists to the band's heavier moments.^[44] Steve Albini lent guitar and engineering expertise to Gub cuts such as "Tapeworm" and "Point Blank," his raw production style amplifying the album's lo-fi intensity.^[42] Other contributors included DJs and electronic specialists who enhanced Pigface's remixes and live electronics, such as turntablist inputs on albums like Below the Belt (1998), though specific names varied by project. Keyboardists like Steven Seidenberg provided atmospheric layers on mid-1990s tours and recordings, supporting the band's evolving electronic elements. Occasional rappers and noise artists, including David Yow of The Jesus Lizard on Gub's "The Bushmaster," brought chaotic energy to one-off tracks, underscoring Pigface's inclusive ethos.^[39]^[38] The lineup's variability created distinct live dynamics, with ad-hoc ensembles allowing for spontaneous collaborations that differed markedly from the curated studio lineups, often resulting in high-energy performances featuring subsets of these guests.^[14]

Discography

Studio albums

Pigface's debut studio album, Gub, released in 1991 on Invisible Records, established the collective's raw industrial sound through chaotic, high-energy tracks driven by aggressive percussion and distorted guitars.^[45] The album's frenetic pace and collaborative intensity drew critical praise for its visceral energy, marking a pivotal moment in the industrial rock scene.^[34] The follow-up, Fook, arrived in 1992 via Invisible Records, expanding on the debut with an even larger roster of guest artists including members from Skinny Puppy and KMFDM, resulting in a denser, more eclectic production.^[46] Themes of hedonistic excess permeated the lyrics and sonic overload, reflecting the band's indulgent supergroup ethos.^[34] Pigface's 1997 release A New High in Low was issued on Invisible Records, embracing a more experimental edge with fragmented structures and electronic manipulations that pushed beyond traditional industrial boundaries.^[47] The album's title ironically highlighted its dive into abrasive, low-fi experimentation.^[48] Easy Listening..., issued in 2003, adopted a softer yet still confrontational tone under the ironic moniker, contrasting its aggressive industrial core with moments of melodic restraint while maintaining the project's revolving-door lineup.^[49] This release underscored Pigface's evolution toward nuanced aggression without diluting its roots.^[50] The collective's final studio album, 6 (2009) on Full Effect Records, served as a retrospective collection of new material, blending past influences with reflective tracks that revisited the raw energy of earlier works.^[51] As of 2025, no new studio albums have been released. Overall, Pigface's studio albums garnered a dedicated cult following within the industrial music community, influencing the genre through their model of fluid collaboration and boundary-pushing soundscapes, though commercial sales remained modest in the tens of thousands.^[4]

Live and remix albums

Pigface's live and remix albums capture the project's dynamic, collaborative spirit, emphasizing raw performance energy and experimental reinterpretations rather than polished studio compositions. These releases often highlight the rotating lineup's variability and the industrial scene's interconnectedness, with remixes inviting contributions from peers to reshape original tracks into new sonic territories.^[39] The debut non-studio output, Lean Juicy Pork (1991), serves as a promotional interview disc tied to the Welcome to Mexico... Asshole tour, blending conversations with core members like Martin Atkins and guests such as Nivek Ogre on the band's ethos and chaotic early shows, interspersed with remixed live versions of tracks like "Suck." This hybrid format underscores Pigface's grassroots, supergroup origins, offering insights into the project's improvisational live dynamic.^[7]^[52] Washingmachine Mouth (1993) expands on the remix concept with nine tracks drawn from the Gub album, reimagined by industrial contemporaries in noisy, experimental electronic styles that amplify the originals' abrasive edges, such as the "Gas Mask Mix" of "Cutting Face." Released on Invisible Records, it exemplifies Pigface's emphasis on communal creativity, turning core material into a platform for genre peers to explore industrial noise and abstraction.^[53]^[54] Following the 1993 tour, Notes from Thee Underground (1994) documents live performances, capturing the lineup's fluidity with contributions from vocalists like Ogre and Chris Connelly across tracks like "Asphole" and "Divebomber," recorded in venues that highlight the band's raw, high-energy industrial rock delivery. This double-disc set, also on Invisible Records, preserves the variability of Pigface's stage iterations, blending abstract experimentation with alternative rock aggression.^[55]^[56] Feels Like Heaven... Sounds Like Shit (1995) compiles remixes of Fook selections across two discs, featuring reinterpretations by artists including Die Warzau and Psychic TV that lean into electronic dance and industrial influences, such as extended mixes emphasizing rhythmic pulses over vocal intensity. Clocking in at over 70 minutes, it showcases Pigface's ability to evolve material through external collaborations, prioritizing atmospheric depth and club-oriented experimentation.^[57]^[58] In later years, Everything Remixes (2007) delivers an expansive 29-track collection of variations on the Easy Listening... album's track "Everything," including dub, ecstasy, and instrumental editions that strip back layers to reveal production intricacies like Atkins' drumming and synthetic textures. Released digitally via Invisible Records, this set highlights the project's enduring remix tradition, allowing fans to dissect the song's modular structure through diverse sonic lenses.^[59]^[60]

Tours and performances

Early tours

Pigface's earliest tours, beginning in 1990, were intimate club performances designed to promote the debut album Gub and build momentum within the industrial underground scene. These shows often featured a core lineup drawn from Martin Atkins' connections during Ministry's 1989–1990 The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste tour, including members like Chris Connelly, Nivek Ogre, and William Tucker, supplemented by guest appearances from acts such as Silverfish, Front Line Assembly, Devo, and GWAR.^[4] The revolving door format allowed for spontaneous collaborations, but the ad-hoc nature created early logistical hurdles in coordinating schedules across multiple labels and artists. All performances from this debut run were captured on digital audio tape (DAT), a then-emerging technology, later compiled into the live release Welcome to Mexico! in 1991, which captured the raw energy of these small-venue gigs and helped cultivate a dedicated fanbase.^[4] By 1992, tours supporting Fook expanded slightly but remained rooted in U.S. club circuits, with lineups swelling to include Mary Byker, En Esch, Paul Raven, Lesley Rankine, and others, often exceeding a dozen performers onstage at once.^[4] This period emphasized the project's anti-establishment ethos, fostering underground buzz through high-energy sets that blurred lines between band and audience, though the unwieldy roster foreshadowed ongoing challenges in artist availability and travel coordination. The format's flexibility highlighted Pigface's appeal as a collective rather than a fixed band, drawing from Atkins' vision of intense, face-to-face industrial collaboration.^[20] From 1993 to 1995, Pigface undertook more extensive U.S. tours to promote remix-focused releases like Notes from Thee Underground (1994), featuring expansive ad-hoc ensembles with over 20 members per show, including guests such as Genesis P-Orridge and Danny Carey.^[4] These outings, documented in locations like Ann Arbor and Milwaukee, amplified the revolving lineup's chaotic creativity but amplified logistical nightmares, as Atkins described coordinating "nightmarish" permissions and schedules across disparate acts.^[4]^[61] The tours marked an initial foray into broader international reach, particularly in Europe, where the project's supergroup allure attracted diverse contributors and tested the limits of on-the-fly assembly.^[20] The late 1990s and early 2000s saw Pigface's touring evolve with international expansion, including European dates tied to cycles like A New High in Low (1997) and Easy Listening... (2003). The 1998 "The Lowest of the Low Tour" and the 2001 United Tour—a 42-date package with My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, Zeromancer, and Bile—highlighted logistical strains from guest scheduling, yet delivered highlights through massive onstage collectives of up to 10 or more musicians.^[61]^[62] The 2003 United I Tour, captured in a live DVD, exemplified these challenges while showcasing the format's strengths in creating unpredictable, high-impact performances across continents.^[63] In 2009, Pigface mounted a brief U.S. tour to support the album 6, limited to select dates that signaled the onset of an extended hiatus, with performances emphasizing core remnants of the revolving roster amid waning activity.^[20]^[64] Throughout its early era, Pigface innovated by integrating audience participation—such as direct stage interactions and custom experiences via VIP packages—and merging tours with Invisible Records' merchandise ecosystem, including on-site vinyl pressing and collaborative releases that extended the live event's communal spirit.^[20]^[29] This approach not only mitigated the revolving lineup's instability but also reinforced the project's role as a dynamic industrial hub.^[4]

Recent tours and events

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November 28-29, 2023: #extremities live performance at Reggies Rock Club, Chicago. Featuring Pigface-related artists.[](https://www.facebook.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

References

[1]
Carpobrotus glaucescens - Growing Native Plants
Jan 10, 2019 · Carpobrotus glaucescens is found growing naturally in coastal areas on sand dunes along the NSW and Queensland coast, north to Rockhampton. It ...Missing: habitat | Show results with:habitat
[2]
[PDF] Pigface - NSW Landcare Gateway
Habitat: grows on the front of sand dunes and acts as a pioneer species to stabilise dunes. Grows in full sun or partial shade, drought tolerant. Uses: The ...
[3]
Pigface | Northern Beaches Council
It prefers sandy well-drained soils, in full sun to light shade. It is highly effective as a dune stabiliser, and is salt tolerant and drought resistant.
[4]
Foreshore plants and animals | Noosa Shire Council
Pigface. (show below). Pigface Carpobrotus glaucescens. With only spinifex and a couple of vines growing closer to the sea, pigface is a vital foredune sand ...
[5]
Do you have a Pig Face in your garden? | Port Stephens Council
Feb 10, 2023 · Pig Face or Carpobrotus glaucescens species are a common trailing plant with succulent leaves and large flower found in sand dunes along Australian coastlines.
[6]
Carpobrotus glaucescens - Botanic Gardens Plant Selector
Uses: Sand and soil binding plant for foreshores, embankments, coastal reserves and parks. Showy displays of bright coloured flowers.
[7]
Heart of Darkness: A Brief History of Chicago Industrial—Part Two
Nov 27, 2020 · After wrapping a 1990 tour with Ministry, Martin Atkins and Bill Rieflin formed Pigface to avoid turning into a Ministry cover band. Rounded out ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[8]
Pigface | Encyclopedia.com
Rieflin and Atkins had met as dual drummers for the Ministry tour. It was Atkins who came up with the name Pigface for the collective; long ago, he had been in ...Missing: Bill | Show results with:Bill<|control11|><|separator|>
[9]
MARTIN ATKINS: BREAKING OUT OF PIL'S METAL BOX
Sep 24, 2019 · In 1990 he started Pigface, a 'supergroup' whose rotating lineup leaned heavily towards industrial rock musicians but was always wide open ...
[10]
Pigface - T.F.W.O. Live [Skinny Puppy Cover] - YouTube
Jun 28, 2009 · This is a video of Pigface circa 1990 covering Skinny Puppy's ... " A (different) live performance of this song is available on Pigface's "Welcome ...
[11]
Pigface: Lean Juicy Pork Limited Edition Release - Martin Atkins
It seems completely bizarre to me that Pigface created an interview disc. Usually reserved for world-famous, heavy rock bands to speak about their ...Missing: first 1990
[12]
https://lollipopmagazine.com/2003/09/pigface-easy-listening-review/
[13]
Gub - Pigface | Album - AllMusic
Rating 7.6/10 (40) Gub by Pigface released in 1990. Find album reviews, track lists, credits ... Release Date. 1990. Duration. 01:06:37. Genre. Pop/Rock, Electronic. Styles.
[14]
https://www.masqueradeatlanta.com/attraction/pigface/
[15]
https://blog.threadless.com/martin-atkins-on-preserving-the-legacy-of-post-punk-and-industrial-music/
[16]
Pigface – Easy Listening… – Review - Lollipop Magazine
Sep 11, 2003 · For starters, Easy Listening rolls through more styles of music than collaborators (as always, the revolving door of Pigface is spinning like a ...
[17]
Lesley Rankine of Ruby interviewed about "Salt Peter"
Rankine and Walk met in Chicago a few years ago and went on to work together in Pigface. In Pigface, Rankine says that they “discovered in like five minutes” ...Missing: DJ Spooky
[18]
Pigface - The Masquerade
Pigface is an industrial rock group formed in 1990 by Martin Atkins and William Rieflin. Pigface was formed from Ministry's The Mind Is A Terrible Thing To ...Missing: Bill | Show results with:Bill
[19]
Martin Atkins on Preserving the Legacy of Post Punk and Industrial ...
May 12, 2023 · ... Atkins also founded the industrial supergroups Pigface and The Damage Manual. ... I didn't get to work with the Wax Trax label (although I ...
[20]
https://regenmag.com/interviews/pigface-interview-this-aint-no-easy-listening/
[21]
Bill Rieflin, Drummer For Ministry, R.E.M. and More, Dies at 59
a truly agnostic drummer, if ...Missing: COVID | Show results with:COVID
[22]
Drummer Bill Rieflin (Ministry, King Crimson, R.E.M.) Dead at 59
Mar 25, 2020 · During his time in Ministry, Rieflin also made time for the indsutrial supergroup Pigface ... death metal group The Agony Scene, died in 2020.
[23]
25 Years of Pigface 11/25/2016 - FourteenG
Nov 26, 2016 · Pigface was basically everyone in industrial/metal music. If you look up all its members, many familiar faces pop up for their band roster. They ...
[24]
Pigface InterView: This Ain't No Easy Listening - ReGen Magazine
Then in November 2016, a vast lineup of Pigface alumni gathered onstage at the House of Blues in Chicago to commemorate the band's 25th Anniversary… and what a ...
[25]
PIGFACE 25 PHOTOS/VIDEOS - Facebook
Pigface 25 lineup (not complete): Lesley Rankine, Charles Levi, En Esch, Fallon Bowman, Greta Brinkman, Mary Byker, Jeff Scheel, Franke Nardiello, ...
[26]
Pigface Announce First Tour in 14 Years - Consequence.net
Aug 23, 2019 · Pigface 2019 Tour Dates: 11/15 – Cleveland, OH @ Beachland Ballroom & Tavern 11/16 – Pontiac, MI @ The Crofoot Ballroom 11/17 – Toronto, ON ...
[27]
Pigface announce lineup/guests for fall tour (Randy Blythe, En Esch ...
Aug 27, 2019 · Pigface will also be joined by Lamb of God's Randy Blythe from November 15-19 (that includes the NYC stop on 11/19 at Le Poisson Rouge); ex-Kittie guitarist ...
[28]
Pigface Announces Everywhere All At Once Live Stream of 2019 ...
Sep 30, 2020 · Martin Atkins' legendary industrial supergroup Pigface went on their first tour in 14 years last year alongside Lamb of God frontman Randy ...
[29]
Pigface's Lost Album (made in China) in Chicago at The Museum of
Jun 23, 2025 · Check out Pigface's Lost Album (made in China) at The Museum of Post Punk & Industrial Music in Chicago on June 23, 2025 and get detailed ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[30]
Pigface to Reznor: Here's what you'll find in Chicago's new industrial ...
Jan 20, 2023 · Industrial music heavyweight Martin Atkins pulled from his personal collection of memorabilia to create Chicago's new Museum of Post Punk ...Missing: retrospective | Show results with:retrospective
[31]
Pigface Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More | A... | AllMusic
Formed. 1990 in Chicago, IL ; Genre. Pop/Rock, Electronic ; Styles. Alternative/Indie Rock, Industrial ...Missing: style | Show results with:style
[32]
Martin Atkins - The Blogcritics.org Interview
Feb 5, 2003 · We spoke to Atkins about his 25 years in the center of the storm: EO: What was the original impulse behind Pigface? MA: The idea that the 12 ...
[33]
Conversation With En Esch | HuffPost Entertainment
Aug 12, 2015 · You know this track I was singing on, on the first Pigface record called Gub was the name of Martin Atkins's cat, "Gub." I came on crutches ...
[34]
Pigface - Rocky Road Touring
Pigface was formed from Ministry's The Mind Is A Terrible Thing To Taste tour, which produced the In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up live album and video.Missing: Lean Juicy Pork<|control11|><|separator|>
[35]
Pigface - LPR
Pigface was formed from Ministry's The Mind Is A Terrible Thing To Taste tour, which produced the In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up live album and ...
[36]
A History of Industrial Music in 45 Songs | Treble
Oct 27, 2021 · Pigface – “Suck” (1990). The original 1990 iteration of “Suck” is a maelstrom of drumbeats performed by Pigface co-founders Martin Atkins and ...
[37]
Rx – Bedside Toxicology – Martin Atkins – Interview
Nov 1, 1998 · Invisible became Pigface's label. I like to work with people that, though we might not share the same musical aesthetic, we all share the idea ...
[38]
The 33 Best Industrial Albums of All Time | Pitchfork
Jun 17, 2019 · 21. Pigface: Fook (1992). The Pigface project began among backing instrumentalists on Ministry's The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste tour, and ...
[39]
Pigface - Trouser Press
Pigface's first proper effort is an excellent synthesis of ideas and ... Chicago industro-dance nonsense: electronic beats, looped found-sound phrases ...
[40]
Celebrating Bill Rieflin Sept 30 1960 - Mar 24 2020 - Martin Atkins
Mar 24, 2023 · We met for rehearsals of the Ministry Cage tour and had swiftly imagined Pigface during our warm up sessions; clattering on rubber practice pads ...Missing: involvement 1990s
[41]
Bill Rieflin, Drummer for Ministry, R.E.M., King Crimson, Dies at 59
Mar 24, 2020 · ... the Revolting Cocks, Lard, KMFDM, Pigface, Swans, Chris Connelly, and Nine Inch Nails. He was most recently a member of King Crimson. pic ...
[42]
https://cleorecs.com/products/pigface-gub-cd
[43]
None
Nothing is retrieved...<|control11|><|separator|>
[44]
https://www.discogs.com/release/5649998-Pigface-The-Best-Of-Pigface-Preaching-To-The-Perverted
[45]
https://www.discogs.com/master/2542-Pigface-Gub
[46]
Flea on Bass: Guest Appearances - Spotify Classical Playlists
Jun 4, 2012 · Pigface – Divebomber, on Notes from Thee Underground (1994); Slash – Baby Can't Drive, on Slash (2010); Cheikha Rimitti – Sidi Mansour, on ...
[47]
https://www.discogs.com/master/223753-Pigface-A-New-High-In-Low
[48]
Pigface - Gub
- **Original Release Year**: 1990
[49]
https://www.discogs.com/master/32416-Pigface-Easy-Listening
[50]
https://www.allmusic.com/album/easy-listening-mw0000592607
[51]
A New High in Low - Pigface | Album - AllMusic
Rating 7.3/10 (15) A New High in Low by Pigface released in 1997. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic.
[52]
https://www.discogs.com/release/1136381-Pigface-Lean-Juicy-Pork-Welcome-To-Mexico-Promotional-Interview-Disk
[53]
Easy Listening... - Pigface | Album - AllMusic
Rating 6.8/10 (35) Easy Listening... by Pigface released in 2003. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic.
[54]
https://www.allmusic.com/album/washingmachine-mouth-mw0000102301
[55]
https://www.discogs.com/release/191019-Pigface-Notes-From-Thee-Underground
[56]
https://www.allmusic.com/album/notes-from-thee-underground-mw0000114703
[57]
Washingmachine Mouth - Pigface | Album - AllMusic
Rating 8.2/10 (6) Washingmachine Mouth by Pigface released in 1993. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic.
[58]
https://www.allmusic.com/album/feels-like-heaven-mw0000180962
[59]
Notes from Thee Underground - Pigface | Album - AllMusic
Rating 7.4/10 (12) Notes from Thee Underground by Pigface released in 1994. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic.
[60]
https://music.apple.com/us/album/everything-remixes/256389070
[61]
Feels Like Heaven - Pigface | Album - AllMusic
Rating 8.2/10 (5) Release Date: October 10, 1995. Duration: 01:09:45. Genre: Pop/Rock. Styles: Alternative Pop/Rock, Alternative/Indie Rock, Industrial.
[62]
https://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/58h03.html
[63]
‎Everything Remixes - Album by Pigface - Apple Music
Everything Remixes. Pigface. ROCK · 2007. Preview. March 22, 2007 ℗ Invisible. More By Pigface.
[64]
Pigface Concert & Tour History
Pigface Concert History. 283 Concerts. Pigface is an industrial rock supergroup formed in 1990 by Martin Atkins and Bill Rieflin. ... Chicago, Illinois, United ...
[65]
INTERVIEW: Martin Atkins - In Music We Trust
"I have been working on Easy Listening for about a year," Atkins informs me. "In the beginning I don't know if I intended to make a Pigface record and then, ...
[66]
https://www.discogs.com/release/320534-Pigface-United-I-Tour-03
[67]
Pigface – Free For All - The Punk Vault
Jan 23, 2009 · While early Pigface tours were a who's-who of Industrial Rock bands all on the same stage, the modern day version for me was more of a who's- ...