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Pratap Singh

Maharana Pratap (Pratap Singh I; 9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597) was a Rajput ruler of the Kingdom of Mewar in northwestern India, ascending to the throne in 1572 as the successor to his father, Udai Singh II, and leading a prolonged campaign of resistance against Mughal expansion under Emperor Akbar.^[1]^[2] Despite numerical disadvantages and a tactical setback at the Battle of Haldighati in 1576—where his forces clashed with Mughal troops commanded by Man Singh of Amber—Pratap evaded capture through the sacrifice of his loyal warhorse Chetak and sustained independence via guerrilla warfare in the Aravalli hills, eventually reclaiming key territories like Kumbhalgarh and Udaipur without compromising Mewar's sovereignty.^[3]^[1] His steadfast refusal to accept Mughal suzerainty, even amid personal hardships including exile and resource scarcity, established him as an exemplar of martial autonomy and Rajput martial ethos, though his campaigns imposed heavy burdens on his realm and delayed full territorial recovery until after his death from injuries sustained in a 1597 hunting accident.^[1]^[4]

Indian Royalty and Rulers

Maharana Pratap of Mewar

Maharana Pratap Singh, born on 9 May 1540 in Kumbhalgarh to Udai Singh II and Rani Jaiwanta Bai, ascended the throne of Mewar as its 54th ruler on 1 March 1572 following his father's death.^[5]^[6] Unlike many contemporaneous Rajput rulers who accepted Mughal suzerainty through alliances or submission, Pratap rejected overtures from Emperor Akbar, prioritizing Mewar's sovereignty and refusing to compromise its independence.^[7] This stance stemmed from a commitment to Rajput traditions of autonomy, as evidenced by his avoidance of the Mughal court's demands for personal attendance or tribute, which Akbar extended via envoys and even offered generous jagir grants in exchange for nominal allegiance, according to accounts in the Akbarnama.^[7] The defining conflict occurred at the Battle of Haldighati on 18 June 1576, where Pratap's forces of approximately 3,000 cavalry, 400 Bhil archers, and war elephants clashed against a Mughal army of around 10,000-80,000 led by Man Singh I of Amber, though Akbar himself was not present.^[8]^[9] Despite initial fierce resistance, including personal combat by Pratap, his army executed a tactical retreat to preserve fighting capacity, evading capture and enabling prolonged guerrilla warfare in the Aravalli hills.^[10] Mughal records claim victory through occupation of temporary Mewar holdings like Gogunda, but Pratap's evasion and subsequent raids prevented full subjugation, with Akbar's forces withdrawing after fruitless pursuits by 1577.^[10] Pratap sustained resistance through alliances with local tribes and loyal nobles, recapturing significant territories such as Kumbhalgarh, Udaipur, and Gogunda by the early 1580s, culminating in the decisive Battle of Dewair on 16 September 1582, where his forces defeated Mughal outposts and reclaimed 36 forts, restoring control over much of Mewar except Chittor and Mandalgarh.^[7]^[10] This resurgence demonstrated effective asymmetric tactics against superior numbers, as Pratap rebuilt his administration amid hardship, including periods of foraging for sustenance noted in contemporary accounts. He died on 19 January 1597 at Chavand from injuries sustained in a hunting accident, leaving Mewar largely intact and his son Amar Singh to continue limited resistance until eventual treaty in 1615.^[11] Pratap's unyielding stance, never formalized in Mughal submission, positioned him as a symbol of defiance in Rajput historiography, though Mughal chronicles like the Akbarnama emphasize Akbar's strategic forbearance rather than outright conquest failure.^[7]

Pratap Singh of Satara

Pratap Singh Bhosale (18 January 1793 – 14 October 1847) was the last independent ruler of Satara, serving as its nominal Chhatrapati from 1808 to 1818 and as Raja from 1818 to 1839 under British suzerainty.^[12]^[13] Born at Ajinkyatara Fort in Satara as the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shahu II, he succeeded his father on 3 May 1808 at age 15, though effective authority remained with the Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy until the British intervention.^[12] Following the British victory in the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818), which culminated in the defeat of Peshwa Baji Rao II at the Battle of Koregaon on 1 January 1818, the East India Company restored Pratap Singh as the Raja of Satara on 19 September 1818.^[13] This arrangement granted him internal autonomy over Satara in exchange for recognizing British paramountcy, foreign policy control, and tribute payments, effectively ending the Peshwa's dominance and fragmenting Maratha power.^[13] During his 21-year rule, Pratap Singh focused on infrastructure and administrative modernization, constructing the Pune-Satara Road, Satara-Medha-Mahabaleshwar Road, and Malcom Peth marketplace; erecting the Rajwada palace (now a courthouse); and establishing schools, including one that later influenced early education for figures like B.R. Ambedkar, along with a public library known as Chhatrapati Pratap Sinh Maharaj Nagar Vachanalay.^[12] Relations with the British deteriorated in the 1830s amid Pratap Singh's efforts to assert greater independence, including appeals directly to the British Court of Directors in London.^[14] In September 1839, he was deposed on charges of conspiring with foreign powers and other Indian states against British interests, a claim the East India Company used to justify stripping him of his throne, personal possessions, and exiling him to Benares with a pension of 3 lakh rupees annually.^[15] His ambassador, Rango Bapuji Gupte, traveled to London to contest the deposition legally but failed to reverse it.^[13] The ouster provoked local unrest, including renewed Ramosi uprisings in 1839–1841 led by figures like Chittur Singh, who resented British interference and the loss of the raja's patronage.^[16]^[17] Pratap Singh died in exile in Benares on 14 October 1847 at age 54, leaving no recognized legitimate heir—his adopted son Shahu III was deemed invalid under British policy.^[12]^[13] Satara was annexed by the British in 1848 via the Doctrine of Lapse, marking the end of the Bhonsle dynasty's rule over the state and integrating it into the Bombay Presidency.^[13] His deposition highlighted tensions in subsidiary alliances, where British oversight often escalated to direct intervention on suspicions of disloyalty, contributing to broader patterns of princely state absorption.

Pratap Singh of Idar

Lieutenant-General Maharaja Sir Pratap Singh Sahib Bahadur (22 October 1845 – 4 September 1922) ruled as Maharaja of Idar from 1902 to 1911, following resolution of a succession dispute that recognized him as heir after the throne fell vacant on 30 November 1901; he was formally installed on 12 February 1902.^[18]^[19] Born as the third son of Maharaja Takht Singh of Jodhpur and his consort Gulab Kunwarji, Pratap Singh belonged to the Rathore Rajput clan and received early private education before attending Mayo College in Ajmer and Wellington College in England.^[18] Commissioned into the Jodhpur Risala in 1878, he pursued a distinguished military career in the British Indian Army, serving in the Second Anglo-Afghan War (where he was mentioned in despatches), the Tirah Campaign of 1897–1898, the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, and World War I—leading the Jodhpur Imperial Service Lancers in France at age 70 before shifting to operations in the Middle East, including advances on Haifa and Aleppo.^[18]^[19] Promoted to Lieutenant-General in 1916, he also acted as Aide-de-Camp to King Edward VII from 1907 to 1910.^[18] In parallel with his military duties, Pratap Singh held key administrative positions in Jodhpur (Marwar), serving as Chief Minister from 1878 to 1895 and as Regent during multiple periods: 1895–1898, 1911–1918, and 1918–1922, overseeing governance amid successions of minor rulers and demonstrating efficiency in state administration.^[19]^[18] During his brief tenure in Idar, he focused on reuniting fragmented territories of the princely state and renamed its capital from Ahmedabad to Himmatnagar in 1911, reflecting efforts to consolidate authority.^[19] Lacking a natural heir despite multiple marriages, he adopted his nephew Daulat Singh (from the Jodhpur royal house) and abdicated the Idar throne in 1911 to prioritize regency duties in Jodhpur, installing Daulat as successor.^[19]^[18] Pratap Singh received numerous honors for his services, including elevation to Knight Commander of the Star of India (KCSI) in 1886, Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India (GCSI) in 1897, Knight Grand Cross of the Bath (GCB), and Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO); he was also conferred an honorary LLD.^[19] Renowned as a warrior, administrator, and sportsman—particularly in polo, where he contributed to popularizing jodhpurs as riding attire—he died at Jodhpur on 4 September 1922 at age 76, leaving a legacy of loyalty to the British Empire alongside effective princely rule.^[18]^[19]

Maharaja Pratap Singh of Nabha

Maharaja Pratap Singh (21 September 1919 – 22 July 1995) was the eighth and last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Nabha in Punjab, serving from 1928 until its merger with India in 1948.^[20] A member of the Phulkian dynasty and Jat Sikh of the Sidhu clan, he succeeded as a minor following the deposition of his father, Maharaja Ripudaman Singh, by the British authorities amid political tensions involving support for the Akali movement.^[21] His reign occurred during the twilight of British India, culminating in the accession of Nabha to the Indian Union on 15 August 1947 and its integration into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on 20 August 1948.^[20] Born at Nabha Palace in Mussoorie as the eldest surviving son of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh and Maharani Sarojan Devi, Pratap Singh received a modern Western education at Woodstock School, Badingham College, and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.^[20] He was proclaimed heir apparent at birth and formally succeeded to the gaddi on 2 February 1928, with installation on 23 February 1928, under a regency council due to his minority.^[20] Full ruling powers were granted on 5 March 1941, after which he was honored with the Knight Commander of the Star of India (KCSI) in 1946 and held the honorary rank of colonel.^[20] During his brief period of direct rule, Pratap Singh navigated the transition to Indian independence, signing the Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India.^[20] He married Maharani Urmila Devi, daughter of the Maharaja of Dholpur, on 25 April 1944; the couple had three sons—Maharaja Hanuwant Singh, Hemant Singh, and Himmat Singh—and one daughter, Sneh Lata.^[20] ^[22] After the merger, the family retained titular privileges until the abolition of privy purses on 28 December 1971, with Pratap Singh residing primarily in New Delhi until his death.^[20] His legacy reflects the end of princely autonomy in Punjab, with Nabha's Sikh heritage preserved through family custodianship of historical relics during his tenure.^[23]

Political and Administrative Figures

Vishwanath Pratap Singh

Vishwanath Pratap Singh (25 June 1931 – 27 November 2008) was an Indian politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of India from 2 December 1989 to 7 November 1990, leading a minority National Front coalition government supported externally by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and leftist parties.^[24] Born into a Rajput zamindari family in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh, as the son of Raja Bahadur Ram Gopal Singh, he inherited the title of Raja Bahadur of Manda and pursued education in science and law, earning a B.Sc. in physics from Fergusson College, Pune, and an LL.B. from Allahabad University.^[25] Married to Sita Kumari in 1955, with whom he had two sons, Singh initially engaged in social activism, including participation in the Bhoodan land redistribution movement in 1957, before entering politics with the Indian National Congress.^[24] Singh's early political career within Congress saw rapid ascent: elected to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1969 and the Lok Sabha in 1971, he held positions such as Deputy Minister of Commerce (October 1974–November 1976) and Minister of State for Commerce (November 1976–March 1977 and 1983).^[25] He served as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 9 June 1980 to 28 June 1982, resigning amid internal party pressures. Reappointed Union Finance Minister on 31 December 1984 under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, Singh initiated aggressive anti-evasion measures, including raids on wealthy industrialists and asset declarations for high-net-worth individuals, which generated revenue but drew accusations of political vendetta.^[24] Elevated to Defence Minister in January 1987, he resigned later that year upon uncovering irregularities in the Bofors howitzer procurement deal, a scandal involving alleged kickbacks of approximately ₹640 million (about $64 million at the time) paid to intermediaries, which implicated Gandhi's government and propelled Singh into opposition leadership.^[24] Opposed to Congress corruption, Singh founded the Janata Dal in 1988, uniting anti-Congress factions, and led the National Front to victory in the 1989 general elections, securing 143 seats and forming government with external support.^[24] His premiership emphasized social justice and anti-corruption, notably implementing the Mandal Commission recommendations on 7 August 1990, mandating 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in central government jobs and education, fulfilling a 1980 report's quota formula but igniting widespread protests, including over 200 reported suicides by upper-caste students opposing caste-based affirmative action.^[24] Other actions included pursuing Bofors investigations and addressing the Kashmir insurgency by releasing five militants in December 1989 to secure the freedom of Rubaiya Sayeed, daughter of a cabinet minister, a decision criticized for emboldening separatists. The government's collapse followed BJP withdrawal of support in October 1990 over the handling of the Ram Janmabhoomi dispute in Ayodhya, prompting ally Chandra Shekhar to split Janata Dal and table a no-confidence motion, which Singh lost 142–320 on 7 November 1990.^[24] Post-premiership, Singh remained influential in opposition coalitions, including the 1996 United Front government, and continued advocating for marginalized groups until his death from multiple organ failure due to renal complications in New Delhi.^[24] His tenure, though brief, marked a shift toward coalition politics and intensified caste-based mobilization in Indian democracy, with Mandal's legacy enduring in reservation policies despite initial violence, while Bofors symbolized persistent defense procurement graft, though courts later found insufficient evidence for convictions against key figures.^[24] Singh also pursued personal interests in painting and poetry, reflecting a patrician background that contrasted with his populist policies.^[25]

Pratap Singh Kairon

Partap Singh Kairon (1 October 1901 – 6 February 1965) was an Indian politician who served as Chief Minister of the undivided Punjab from 1956 to 1964.^[26] Born into a Dhillon Jat Sikh family in Kairon village, Amritsar district, he pursued higher education at Khalsa College, Amritsar, before becoming the first prominent Sikh leader to study abroad, earning a postgraduate degree in political science from the University of Michigan.^[26] During the Indian independence movement, Kairon was imprisoned for five years starting in 1932 for organizing civil disobedience protests against British rule.^[27] After independence in 1947, Kairon joined the Indian National Congress and served as a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly for 26 years, initially elected as an Akali nominee before aligning with Congress.^[28] He held ministerial positions in Gopi Chand Bhargava's cabinet from 1947 to 1949, focusing on rehabilitation efforts for Partition refugees, successfully resettling approximately three million displaced persons in under a decade.^[29] Appointed Punjab's development minister in 1952, he initiated land reforms and infrastructure projects; by 1956, he succeeded Bhim Sen Sachar as Chief Minister on 21 January.^[30] As Chief Minister, Kairon prioritized agricultural modernization and industrialization in the undivided Punjab, which then included present-day Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. He established the Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana in 1962, which laid foundational research for the Green Revolution by promoting high-yield seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation techniques that boosted Punjab's grain output.^[31] His administration implemented land ceiling reforms to redistribute holdings, expanded canal irrigation networks, and attracted industries, transforming Punjab into India's most prosperous state per capita by the early 1960s.^[32] Kairon also enhanced higher education by founding institutions and restored communal harmony post-Partition through inclusive policies, though his firm opposition to the Akali Dal's demand for a Punjabi-speaking Suba (reorganization on linguistic lines) drew criticism from Sikh separatist elements, who accused him of suppressing Punjabi identity in favor of central government directives under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.^[32] Kairon's tenure ended amid corruption allegations. In 1963, the Das Commission investigated claims of favoritism and misuse of power, issuing a report in June 1964 with findings that prompted his resignation on 21 June, shortly after Nehru's death in May.^[32] ^[26] Subsequent probes, including three formal inquiries, exonerated him of most charges, suggesting political motivations amid rivalries within Congress and opposition from Akali factions; critics, however, maintained that electoral manipulations occurred under his rule, such as in the 1962 assembly elections.^[32] ^[31] On 6 February 1965, while traveling by car from Delhi to Chandigarh on the Grand Trunk Road near Sonipat, Kairon was assassinated along with two aides by gunmen led by Sucha Singh, who was convicted and hanged.^[32] ^[31] The killers cited personal vendettas tied to land disputes, but conspiracy theories persist, linking the murder to political opponents opposed to his resistance to Punjab's linguistic reorganization or unresolved corruption probes.^[33]

Other Notable Individuals

Pratap Singh (Sikh prince)

Pratap Singh Bahadur (1831 – 15 September 1843), also known as Tikka Sahib or Kanwar Partap Singh, was the eldest son and heir apparent of Maharaja Sher Singh, ruler of the Sikh Empire from 1841 to 1843.^[34] Born to Maharani Prem Kaur, Sher Singh's second wife whom he married in 1822 following the death of his first spouse, Pratap Singh was recognized for his intelligence, charm, and graceful demeanor from a young age.^[34] As the designated successor in a realm marked by succession disputes after the 1839 death of founder Maharaja Ranjit Singh, he held symbolic importance amid the empire's internal power struggles involving court factions, military leaders, and Dogra ministers.^[35] His brief life ended violently during a period of acute political intrigue in Lahore. On 15 September 1843, while Sher Singh was attending a public event involving weapon demonstrations, he was assassinated by gunfire from Ajit Singh Sandhanwalia, a disaffected noble seeking to exploit the power vacuum.^[35] Simultaneously, the elder Sandhanwalia brother, Lahna Singh, attacked and killed the 12-year-old Pratap Singh, who had accompanied his father.^[36] This coordinated betrayal, rooted in the Sandhanwalias' grievances over lost influence under Ranjit Singh and subsequent rulers, decapitated the ruling line and paved the way for the installation of Pratap Singh's younger half-brother, Duleep Singh, as nominal maharaja under a regency council.^[35] The assassinations accelerated the Sikh Empire's fragmentation, contributing to British intervention via the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845–1846.^[36] Contemporary accounts, including portraits from British observers like Emily Eden, depict Pratap Singh as a poised young royal, reflecting the cultural exchanges between the Sikh court and European visitors amid the empire's diplomatic overtures to Britain. His death underscored the fragility of Sikh governance, reliant on personal loyalties rather than institutionalized succession, and highlighted the role of factional vendettas in undermining the Khalsa state's stability post-Ranjit Singh.^[35]

References

[1]
Check here Maharana Pratap History in Hindi
Born into the Sisodiya clan of Rajputs, Maharana Pratap was the eldest son of Maharana Udai Singh II of Mewar. Though his father chose Jagmal as his successor, ...
[2]
[PDF] 1572 CE) Mother's
Maharana Pratap Apex of. Chivalry and Heroics by. Mohmmad Idris, Page No. 36. 1586-1597 CE. Maharana Pratap controlled complete Mewar except Chittor and ...
[3]
Haldighati, Battlefield of Rana Pratap Singh - Rajasthan Tourism
Maharana Pratap fought a brave war, but his loyal horse, Chetak, gave up his life as the Maharana was leaving the battlefield. In 1997, the Government of ...
[4]
[PDF] The Chronicles of Mewar and Maharana Pratap
Abstract: The battle of Haldighati is one of the most fiercest battles ever fought in the annals of Indian History and it truly showcases.
[5]
Maharana Pratap Singh - Early Life, Battles & Administration
Facts about Maharana Pratap for UPSC ; Birthday. 9 May 1540 ; Birth Place. Kumbhalgarh, Rajasthan ; Coronation Date, and Year. 1 March 1572 ; Dynasty. Sisodiya ...<|separator|>
[6]
Eternal Mewar | Mewar Dynasty | Lineage of Mewar
... Pratap on Mahadev Bawdi at Gogunda. On 28th February 1572 CE, Maharana Pratap became the ruler of Mewar. Later, at Kumbhalgarh, the coronation celebration ...
[7]
How Maharana Pratap became Akbar's greatest unfinished conquest
Oct 28, 2024 · The two forces clashed at Haldighati in 1576, with Maharana Pratap and his warriors fighting against overwhelming odds. Despite the battle's ...
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Why Battle of Haldighati between Maharana Pratap and Akbar is ...
Jun 14, 2021 · About the battle The Battle of Haldighati was fought on 18 June 1576 between the armies of Maharana Pratap, the Rana of Mewar, and the Mughal ...
[9]
1576: Battle of Haldighati- Akbar vs Maharana Pratap - Connect Civils
The Battle of Haldighati was a battle fought on 18 June 1576 between Maharana Pratap and the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces.<|separator|>
[10]
Revisiting Haldighati: Examining the claims of the Maharana's defeat
Jun 18, 2024 · Akbar stayed in Mewar in the search of Maharana Pratap for many months but had to return empty-handed in May 1577. Maharana Pratap quickly ...
[11]
Maharana Pratap - UPSC Notes - LotusArise
Mar 18, 2024 · Even after his death on January 19, 1597, Pratap's legacy continued to inspire generations of Indians. He left behind a united Mewar, which ...
[12]
Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara - A Deep Human Development
Feb 6, 2018 · Pratap Singh Bhosle (18 January 1793 – 14 October 1847) was the nominal emperor of the Maratha Empire, Satara from 1808 to 1819.Missing: historical facts
[13]
The Lost Crown of Satara
### Summary of Biographical Details of Pratap Singh of Satara
[14]
The political setting of Satara in the nineteenth century
However, during the 1830s, Raja Pratapsinh's relations with the Bombay Government started to deteriorate. Raja decided to appeal directly to the Directors of ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[15]
Civil Uprisings Before 1857, UPSC Notes - Vajiram & Ravi
Oct 1, 2025 · - Reason for the revolt: This uprising was caused as a result of the British deposition of Chhatrapati Pratapsingh in 1839 when he attempted to ...
[16]
Ramosi Rebellion 1822-1829, History, Timeline, Leaders, Impact
Oct 1, 2025 · Raja Pratap Singh's Banishment(1839): The Ramosi community rose again in 1839, spurred by the deposition and banishment of Raja Pratap Singh of ...
[17]
Important Rebellion - CivilsDaily
May 16, 2021 · The disturbance occurred again in 1839 over deposition and banishment of Raja Pratap Singh of Satara, and disturbances erupted in 1840-41 also.
[18]
Pratap Singh, Ruler of Idar - IndiaNetzone
He reigned over the territory of Idar from the year 1902 to 1911, when he resigned in favor of his adopted son. He was born on 22nd October 1845 as the 3rd son ...
[19]
idar - Royal Ark
The third son of Maharaja Takht Singhji of Jodhpur and Ahmadnagar, Maharaja Sir Pratap Singhji was the best known and most popular Indian of his day. A born ...
[20]
NABHA4 - Royal Ark
Proclaimed as Heir Apparent with the title of Tikka Sahib Bahadur, at his birth, 21st September 1919. Succeeded on the permanent deposition of his father, 2nd ...
[21]
Obituary: The Maharaja of Nabha | The Independent
Aug 4, 1995 · Pratap Singh Malvendra Bahadur, maharaja: born Nabha 21 September 1919; Maharaja of Nabha 1940-48; married Princess of Dholpur (two sons, one ...
[22]
Maharaja Pratap Singh Of Nabha - Jat Chiefs
Apr 26, 2022 · Pratap Singh was born on 21 September 1919, the son of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh. He began his education in Mussoorie, close to Dehra Dun, the ...
[23]
Punjab forgets man who fought to get guru's relics from Nabha royals
May 7, 2015 · During his reign, the relics were kept in Hira Mahal, the palatial residence of the Nabha royals, and displayed for public on festival days.
[24]
V.P. Singh | Biography, Education, Party, & Facts - Britannica
V.P. Singh, politician and government official who was prime minister of India 1989–90. He was the principal founder in 1988 of the Janata Dal political ...Missing: key | Show results with:key
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Shri Vishwanath Pratap Singh - Prime Minister of India
He was the Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) in July 16, 1983; on September 1, 1984 he was elected President, Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee and on December ...Missing: key | Show results with:key
[26]
Sardar Partap Singh Kairon | SikhNet
May 23, 2023 · Kairon was the first Sikh leader who went to America for higher studies. He received a postgraduate degree in Political Science from the University of Michigan.
[27]
Pratap Singh Kairon - Jatland Wiki
Sep 15, 2022 · He was jailed in 1932 for five years for participating in the Civil disobedience. He entered the Punjab Legislative Assembly as an Akali nominee ...Missing: biography facts
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Partap Singh Kairon
Kairon was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Punjab for 26 years. From 1947 to 1949, he was a minister in the Gopi Chand Bhargava's Cabinet and from 1952 ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[29]
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Dec 15, 2016 · To him goes the credit of rehabilitating three million refugees of Partition in less than 10 years and laying the foundation of a robust Punjab ...
[30]
Partap Singh Kairon's life and achievements revisited - The Tribune
Aug 23, 2020 · Replacing Sachar, Partap Singh Kairon became Chief Minister of Punjab on January 21, 1956. He transformed Punjab with his leadership, and by ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography<|separator|>
[31]
Partap Singh Kairon - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
Feb 8, 2012 · Partap Singh Kairon (4 October 1901–6 February 1965) was the Chief Minister of the Punjab province (then comprising Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh)Missing: biography facts
[32]
Why Partap Singh Kairon, man behind Punjab's industrial ... - ThePrint
Jan 5, 2020 · As development minister and then CM, Kairon boosted higher education and restored communal harmony in Punjab. Then, he was killed by 3 men in February 1965.
[33]
55 years after former Punjab CM Partap Singh Kairon's ...
Aug 20, 2020 · A year after US-educated Kairon stepped down as chief minister in 1964, he was waylaid and shot dead on February 6, 1965 on Grand Trunk Road ...
[34]
Tragic Fate of Young Prince Partap Singh - The Sikh Encyclopedia
PARTAP SINGH, KANVAR (1831-1843), born in 1831 to Prem Kaur, second wife of Maharaja Sher Singh, to whom he had been married in 1822, after the death of his ...Missing: Pratap | Show results with:Pratap
[35]
Maharaja Sher Singh | Discover Sikhism
... assassination in September 1843. He was the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh ... Murder of Sher Singh. Totally without suspicion, Sher Singh agreed and came ...
[36]
sher singh namah - The Sikh Encyclopedia
On 15 September 1843, the Sandhanvalia chiefs murdered Sher Singh, his son Partap Singh and Wazir Dhian Singh (ff. 3840″). and proclaimed Duleep Singh as ...Missing: Pratap | Show results with:Pratap