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Redstone

Redstone may refer to several topics, primarily related to military, people, places, and technology:
  • [[Redstone Arsenal]], a United States Army base in Huntsville, Alabama
  • [[PGM-11 Redstone]], a short-range ballistic missile developed by the United States Army in the 1950s, named after the arsenal
  • [[Sumner Redstone]], American media proprietor (1923–2020)
  • [[Shari Redstone]], American businesswoman, daughter of Sumner Redstone
  • [[Redstone (Minecraft)]], a fictional mineral used for crafting and redstone circuitry in the video game ''Minecraft''
For other uses, see the sections below.

Military

Redstone Arsenal

, located adjacent to Huntsville in , was established in 1941 during as the Huntsville Arsenal to serve as a chemical and storage facility for the U.S. Army. Congress approved funding in April 1941 amid escalating global tensions, with groundbreaking occurring on October 25, 1941, for the production of chemical munitions, grenades, bombs, and artillery ammunition. During the war, the facility produced over 27 million chemical munitions items, supporting the Allied effort. Following the end of , the Arsenal was repurposed from chemical weapons production to rocketry research and development, with the arrival of German rocket scientist and his team in 1950. Von Braun's group, transferred from , , established the at Redstone, focusing on guided missile programs that built on technology. This shift transformed the site into a hub for U.S. Army ordnance innovation, including early testing. The Arsenal also served as the launch site for initial Redstone rockets, marking a pivotal transition to space-related endeavors. In 1960, a portion of was designated as the site for NASA's , which played a central role in developing the rocket for the . Under von Braun's direction as the center's first director, Marshall led the engineering of the multi-stage launch vehicle, enabling the successful moon landing in 1969 and subsequent lunar missions. The integration of NASA's operations on the Arsenal solidified its status as a cornerstone of American . Today, Redstone Arsenal spans approximately 38,000 acres and functions as a key U.S. Army installation under the Army Materiel Command, emphasizing missile defense research, aviation and missile command operations, and sustainment of Army aviation systems. It hosts approximately 43,000 personnel, including about 800 active-duty military members, 27,000 civilians, and over 15,000 contractors as of October 2025, alongside numerous contractors supporting federal agencies. The site also accommodates the U.S. Space & Rocket Center museum, which preserves artifacts from its rocketry heritage. Recent expansions include a $115 million upgrade to Raytheon's missile integration facility, completed in 2025, to enhance hypersonic weapons testing and production capabilities for missile defense programs.

Redstone Missiles and Rockets

The was a developed by the U.S. Army, serving as the first large-scale American liquid-fueled missile with capability. Deployed from June 1958 to October 1964, it measured approximately 69 feet in length and 5.8 feet in diameter, with a range of up to 200 miles, and was primarily stationed in , including , to counter Soviet threats during the . Capable of carrying either or conventional warheads weighing up to 6,900 pounds, the Redstone achieved operational status after rigorous testing, with its first production flight in July 1956 and full deployment by mid-1958. A total of about 120 missiles were produced by Chrysler Corporation between 1955 and 1960, marking a significant step in U.S. tactical deterrence. The Redstone's nuclear role culminated in key tests during the late 1950s, including the operation on August 1, 1958, when it became the first U.S. missile to detonate a live megaton-yield nuclear warhead at high altitude over . This test, yielding approximately 3.8 megatons, validated the missile's reliability for nuclear delivery and provided data on high-altitude effects like electromagnetic pulses. Launched from , the Redstone also transitioned into the early U.S. space program, evolving from its ballistic origins to support scientific missions. The Redstone family evolved through variants that bridged military and space applications, beginning with the Jupiter-A, an extended-range test vehicle derived from the Redstone airframe to develop the intermediate-range ballistic missile. This led to the configuration, which added upper stages and launched the satellite on January 31, 1958, marking America's first satellite success. Further adaptation produced the , a stretched variant that carried astronaut on the first U.S. crewed suborbital flight on May 5, 1961, from . The Redstone's design influenced subsequent programs, including the booster, whose first stage clustered engines and tanks based on Redstone and components, paving the way for larger intercontinental ballistic missiles and heavy-lift space vehicles. Retired by the mid-1960s and replaced by the Pershing system, the Redstone's legacy endures in the foundational technologies of U.S. rocketry.

People

Sumner Redstone

Sumner Murray Redstone was born on May 27, 1923, in , , to Max Rothstein, a linoleum salesman who later founded a chain of drive-in theaters, and his wife, Belle Ostrovsky Rothstein; the family lived in the predominantly Jewish West End neighborhood. He originally bore the surname Rothstein but later changed it to Redstone. Redstone attended , completing his undergraduate degree in three years in 1944 amid World War II's accelerated academic programs. During the war, he served as a in the U.S. , working as a cryptographer in a special intelligence unit that helped decipher military and diplomatic codes. After the war, he returned to , earning his J.D. in 1947. Following a brief stint practicing corporate law in Washington, D.C., Redstone joined his father's company, National Amusements—a regional chain of drive-in theaters—in 1954, assuming full control by 1967. He expanded the business aggressively, shifting focus from theaters to cable television investments and content syndication to capitalize on emerging media trends. In 1987, National Amusements launched a hostile takeover to gain control of Viacom Inc., a company originally spun off from CBS in 1971 to manage syndication rights; under Redstone's leadership, Viacom evolved from a niche distributor into a multimedia powerhouse. Key moves included acquiring Blockbuster Entertainment in 1994 for $8.4 billion, which provided cash flow for further expansion, and purchasing Paramount Communications the same year for $10 billion, bringing Paramount Pictures, Simon & Schuster, and Madison Square Garden under the fold. In 1999, Viacom acquired CBS in a $37 billion deal—the largest media acquisition at the time—creating a conglomerate that included MTV, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, and Showtime, valued at over $80 billion by the mid-2000s. Redstone served as Viacom's CEO from 1995 to 2006 and executive chairman until February 2016, when he stepped down amid health concerns and legal challenges over his competency. Redstone's career was marked by tenacity, exemplified by his survival of a devastating fire at Boston's Copley in March 1979, where he suffered third-degree burns over half his body but escaped by clinging to a third-floor window ledge for over 30 minutes until rescued; the incident, started by an arsonist, fueled his relentless drive, as he later credited it with reinforcing his belief in personal resilience. He built a media empire worth billions, with his personal peaking at $7.6 billion in 2007 before declining to $1.7 billion by due to market shifts and family disputes. Redstone was active in philanthropy, donating tens of millions to Jewish organizations like the Combined Jewish Philanthropies of and educational institutions including and , often focusing on scholarships and programs. He died on August 11, 2020, at his home in at age 97; control of the family-controlled media assets then passed to his daughter, .

Shari Redstone

was born on April 14, 1954, in , as the daughter of media mogul and Phyllis Gloria Raphael. She earned a degree from in 1975 and subsequently obtained a from in 1978, along with a in Taxation in 1981. Following her legal education, Redstone practiced corporate law, estate planning, and at a small firm in before transitioning to the family business in the early ; she was appointed president of , the theater chain that controls , in 1999 and has served as its chairwoman and chief executive officer since. Redstone inherited substantial influence over the family's holdings from her upon his in 2020, solidifying her role in sustaining the legacy. A pivotal figure in consolidation, she orchestrated the 2019 merger of and Viacom Inc., which reunited the entities under ViacomCBS (later rebranded ), with Redstone appointed as non-executive chairwoman of the $30 billion combined company. In 2024, she spearheaded negotiations for a merger between and amid intense family control battles and regulatory scrutiny, culminating in an $8.4 billion deal that closed in August 2025, transferring control to Skydance founder while providing Redstone's with a significant equity stake. Following the merger's closure, Redstone stepped down from her role as chairwoman and is not serving on the board of the newly formed company. Under Redstone's leadership, advanced its digital transformation, notably with the launch of the Paramount+ streaming service on March 4, 2021, which she promoted as a core strategy to compete in the evolving media landscape by integrating , Viacom, and other content libraries. By 2025, Paramount+ had grown to approximately 78 million subscribers worldwide, establishing it as a major player in the global subscription video-on-demand market. Redstone has also been a prominent advocate for , leveraging her position to mentor and support female executives through initiatives and engagements. Her tenure has been marked by involvement in high-profile shareholder lawsuits, including 2024 and 2025 actions alleging breaches by her and Paramount's board in the Skydance transaction, such as claims of unfair terms favoring over minority investors. These disputes, filed by entities like and New York City pension funds, underscore ongoing litigation over and deal fairness in the Redstone-controlled assets.

Places and Structures

Settlements

Redstone, Colorado, is an unincorporated community located in Pitkin County, nestled in the Crystal River Valley west of Aspen and south of Glenwood Springs. Founded during the 1890s mining boom by industrialist John C. Osgood as a progressive for the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, it attracted workers to nearby mines and coke ovens. Today, with a population of 127 as of the , Redstone is renowned for its appeal, drawing visitors to its scenic valley and efforts in historic preservation, including well-maintained Victorian-era homes that reflect its early industrial heritage. The community briefly references nearby landmarks like Redstone Castle, built by Osgood as a symbol of the area's prosperity. Redstone Township, Pennsylvania, lies in Fayette County and was established in 1783 shortly after the county's formation from Westmoreland County. With a population of 5,079 as recorded in the 2020 United States Census (approximately 4,900 as of 2023 estimates), the township embodies the region's industrial legacy, particularly its deep ties to coal mining that fueled economic growth from the 19th century onward. Positioned near Uniontown, the county seat, it features historical connections to the Civil War era, including contributions from local residents to Union forces and the broader Fayette County involvement in regional conflicts. Other notable settlements bearing the name Redstone include a in , established amid the early 1900s homesteading boom in areas rich with and deposits, featuring a coal mine that operated until the 1940s before declining into abandonment. In , Redstone is a small former village within the town of , near the White Mountains, developed from the late 19th century around granite extraction and evolving into a modest area with remnants of its industrial past.

Buildings and Historic Sites

The Redstone Castle, also known as Cleveholm Manor or Osgood Castle, stands as a landmark of architecture in Redstone, . Constructed from 1899 to 1902 by industrialist John Cleveland Osgood, the founder of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, the mansion served as his family residence and a symbol of his wealth from operations. The structure covers approximately 24,000 square feet and includes 42 rooms, with interiors featuring high-end craftsmanship such as wooden paneling by and brass lighting by . Its exterior, built primarily from local red sandstone, embodies Tudor Revival style blended with Gothic Revival elements, including towers, turrets, oriel windows, and half-timbered gables that evoke a 16th-century English . Listed on the in 1971 as the first property in Pitkin County to receive this designation, the castle highlights Osgood's vision of a model estate amid the rugged Crystal Valley. Today, it functions as a and event venue, offering overnight accommodations in restored suites and hosting weddings, retreats, and tours while preserving its historical integrity. The Redstone Historic District, encompassing the castle and surrounding areas in , represents a well-preserved example of an early 20th-century industrial . Developed primarily between 1899 and 1909 by the Company, the district spans about 493 acres along the Crystal River and includes 53 resources, such as 32 contributing buildings like workers' cottages, managers' residences, the Redstone Inn, and commercial structures, along with three structures and one object. These elements reflect Osgood's influence in creating a to support production for manufacturing, with architecture ranging from modest Victorian worker housing to more elaborate and Craftsman-style buildings. Added to the in 1989, the district maintains high integrity due to its remote location and community preservation efforts, which emphasize original materials and designs to interpret the area's mining heritage. Nearby, the separate Redstone Coke Oven Historic District preserves 41 beehive ovens built in 1899, integral to the local coal-to- process that fueled regional iron and industries until operations ceased in 1909. Other notable structures bearing the Redstone name include the Louis G. Redstone Residential Historic District in Detroit, Michigan, comprising three Modernist homes designed in 1940 by architect Louis G. Redstone. Located at 19303, 19309, and 19315 Appoline Street, these single-family dwellings feature innovative brick and glass facades integrated with sculptural art elements, reflecting Redstone's approach to blending architecture and aesthetics in suburban settings in the . Listed on the in 2014, the district exemplifies mid-20th-century residential design and the architect's influence on Detroit's built environment.

Literature and Media

Video Games

Red Stone is a isometric (MMORPG) developed by L&K Logic Korea and initially released in in 2003. Set in the of Prandel, the game's central narrative revolves around players embarking on quests to recover shattered pieces of a powerful red stone artifact from the Celestial World, which has caused chaos upon breaking. Gameplay emphasizes , , and resource gathering through gem-like shard collection in various dungeons and maps, blending traditional MMORPG elements with a unique transformation system where characters evolve into advanced forms. The game features eight base character classes, including the melee-focused (which advances to ), ranged Magic Archer (to Magic Lancer), support-oriented (to ), and spellcasting (to ), each allowing customizable skill builds and transformations that alter abilities and appearances. Player-versus-player (PvP) is prominent, with dedicated arenas supporting 1v1 duels and larger battles, alongside systems for play. Originally popular in , Red Stone was exported globally through publishers like GamersFirst (2007–2010) and OGPlanet (2011–2014), with the developer L&K Logic resuming direct operation in 2015 following license terminations. Servers have undergone multiple closures and revivals, including fan-supported private servers after official shutdowns, maintaining a niche community into the 2020s. As of 2025, L&K Logic continues to operate the game, with active servers and recent updates. Beyond Red Stone, fewer incorporate "Redstone" as a core title element. The title THE REDSTONE JOB, developed by an independent team, is a story-driven where players lead a team on missions involving high-stakes heists and moral choices in a sci-fi setting. Other minor projects, such as puzzle- prototypes, occasionally use "Redstone" thematically but lack widespread release or documentation.

Technology

Minecraft Redstone

In , redstone serves as a fictional that enables to create complex electrical circuits and automated systems within the game's block-based world. When mined, redstone ore yields redstone dust, which can be placed as wire to transmit power signals between components. This system mimics basic logic gates and wiring, allowing for contraptions that respond to player interactions or environmental changes. Redstone dust functions as a conductive wire, carrying signals with a maximum strength of 15 that decays by 1 for each traveled, limiting transmission to up to 15 s without amplification. It is obtained by redstone , which generates between Y-levels -64 and 15 in the , dropping 4-5 pieces of dust per when harvested with an iron or better. When lit—such as by or interacting—redstone emits a level of 9 and releases glowing particles until the effect resets. Key components include redstone torches, which act as constant power sources outputting a signal strength of 15 to adjacent blocks (though not the block they attach to), and , which extend signals beyond 15 blocks by resetting strength to 15 while introducing a configurable delay of 1-4 ticks (with game ticks occurring at 20 per second). Redstone comparators compare input signals or subtract one from another to output adjusted strengths, enabling precise control in circuits. These elements power mechanisms like pistons for moving doors or blocks, and observers that detect changes to propagate signals. As of Minecraft Java Edition 1.21 (released in 2024), features like blocks—introduced earlier but refined—detect arrows or other projectiles to output variable signal strengths based on impact, facilitating traps and sensors. Quasi-connectivity rules in Java Edition allow certain blocks, such as pistons and dispensers, to activate via indirect powering through the space above them, enhancing compact designs without direct wire contact. Redstone systems are essential for automations, such as automatic farms that harvest crops or hidden doors that open on levers, enabling thousands of creative contraptions.

Software and Computing

Redstone served as an internal codename used by for a series of major feature updates to , beginning in 2015 and spanning several releases through 2018. The codename was first applied to the development of what became known as the Anniversary Update, internally designated Redstone 1 and corresponding to build , which was released in August 2016. This update introduced significant enhancements, including the (WSL), enabling developers to run a environment directly on Windows without traditional or dual-boot setups. Subsequent phases under the Redstone codename built on this foundation with iterative improvements focused on creativity, productivity, and system refinement. Redstone 2, released as the Creators Update (version 1703) in April 2017, incorporated tools for 3D content creation and , such as Windows Ink for stylus-based interactions and support for headsets through the Mixed Reality Portal. Redstone 3, the Fall Creators Update (version 1709) in October 2017, advanced the , introducing acrylic materials, parallax effects, and enhanced light theme options to modernize the across applications. The codename extended to Redstone 4 (April 2018 Update, version 1803) and Redstone 5 (October 2018 Update, version 1809), which further refined timeline features, virtual desktops, and cloud integration for file management. The Redstone era marked a shift toward more frequent, semi-annual feature updates for , emphasizing developer tools and cross-platform compatibility. Its naming drew inspiration from the redstone mineral in , reflecting 's acquisition of Mojang in 2014 and the growing integration of gaming elements into its ecosystem. Following Redstone 5, Microsoft transitioned away from the codename, adopting periodic table-inspired names like for subsequent updates before standardizing on numbering schemes such as 19H1 and 21H2 by 2019. As of 2025, Redstone's persists in discussions of Windows , particularly how its update cadence and features like influenced the modular design of Windows 11. , the platform for these Redstone updates, reached the end of on October 14, 2025, after which provides extended security updates for a fee.

Other Uses

Finance and Business

Redstone Federal (RFCU), established in 1951 in , initially served employees of the , a key U.S. Army installation tied to the region's military and development history. Founded by 11 members who each contributed $5, the credit union began with modest assets of $55 and has since grown into one of the largest in the United States. As of 2025, RFCU serves more than 809,800 members worldwide and manages over $7.7 billion in assets, making it the largest member-owned financial institution in . It provides a range of services, including competitive and auto loans, with the average 30-year fixed rate standing at approximately 6.5% throughout 2025. Another prominent entity in this domain is RedStone, a modular network launched in 2022 by a team focused on (DeFi) infrastructure. RedStone delivers customizable, secure data feeds to smart contracts, enabling real-time price and off-chain information for DeFi applications across multiple blockchains. By 2025, it has integrated with over 170 protocols, including major lending platforms like Aave, supporting operations on more than 110 chains and rollups. The network utilizes both push and pull models to handle over 1 million price updates daily, ensuring low-latency and cost-efficient data delivery for tokenized assets and yield protocols.

Miscellaneous

Redstone Foods is a family-owned wholesaler specializing in , glass-bottle , and gourmet snacks, founded in by Herman and Helen Rothstein in humble beginnings as a distribution operation. Headquartered in , the company has grown to become the largest and distributor in the Southwest , maintaining an inventory of over 6,000 items and supplying thousands of retailers including stores, shops, gourmet food outlets, and gift shops across and internationally. Its product lineup emphasizes nostalgic and imported confections, notably featuring a dedicated category of and European alongside more than 500 varieties of craft glass-bottle . Redstone American Grill operates as a casual dining chain offering modern prepared in a scratch kitchen, with an emphasis on wood-fired dishes, premium steaks, and an extensive selection of craft cocktails and wines. Established in 1999, the restaurant first opened in , and by 2025 maintained approximately 10 locations across states including , , , , , and . The menu highlights hearty entrees such as a 14-ounce hand-cut Cajun ribeye served with onion rings and potatoes, alongside signatures like BBQ baby back ribs and options, all paired with attentive service in an upscale yet approachable atmosphere. Redstone Creek in , is a 28.4-mile-long stream originating on Chestnut Ridge and flowing northward as a tributary to the near the town of Fredericktown. The creek's name derives from the reddish hue of local and iron-rich rocks exposed along its banks, a feature tied to the region's geological history of iron deposits that supported early industrial activity. It supports a variety of fish species, including , , and , with governed by Pennsylvania's general inland regulations allowing up to three rods and adherence to statewide creel limits for (typically five per day during open season). In , Redstone Run is a smaller in Richmond Heights, Cuyahoga County, approximately 2.65 miles (4.26 km) long as a to the East Branch of Euclid Creek, characterized by steep slopes and forested areas that contribute to local preservation efforts.

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