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SERT

The serotonin transporter (SERT), encoded by the SLC6A4 gene on chromosome 17, is a sodium- and chloride-dependent integral membrane protein that reuptakes serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons, thereby terminating serotonergic signaling and maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis in the central and peripheral nervous systems.^[1]^[2]^[3] Expressed primarily in serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei and also in platelets and gastrointestinal cells, SERT operates via an alternating access mechanism, coupling serotonin influx with ion gradients to recycle the neurotransmitter for vesicular repackaging.^[4]^[5] SERT's physiological significance extends to modulating mood, anxiety, appetite, and pain perception through precise control of extracellular serotonin levels, with disruptions linked to disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum conditions.^[2]^[6] As the primary target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine and sertraline, which bind to SERT's central binding site to block reuptake and elevate synaptic serotonin, it underpins the mechanism of many first-line antidepressants, though therapeutic efficacy varies due to factors including transporter occupancy and downstream adaptations.^[7] Structural studies, including high-resolution crystal structures of SERT in various conformational states, have elucidated its transport cycle and allosteric modulation, advancing drug design efforts.^[7]^[8] Genetic variants in SLC6A4, notably the 5-HTTLPR promoter polymorphism yielding short (S) and long (L) alleles that influence SERT expression levels, have been extensively investigated for associations with psychiatric vulnerability, particularly in gene-environment interactions with childhood adversity or stress.^[9] However, large-scale meta-analyses of cohort and case-control studies have found no robust evidence for a strong interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype and stress in predicting depression onset, highlighting issues of replication failure, small effect sizes, and potential publication biases in earlier candidate gene research.^[10]^[11] Recent multi-level meta-analyses confirm modest or null main effects of SERT variants on depression risk, underscoring the polygenic complexity of such traits over single-locus models.^[12] These findings reflect broader challenges in psychiatric genetics, where empirical scrutiny has tempered initial optimism about SERT's causal primacy in affective disorders.

Emergency Response and Law Enforcement

Special Emergency Response Team (RCMP, Canada)

The Special Emergency Response Team (SERT) served as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's (RCMP) national counter-terrorism tactical unit from 1986 to 1993, designed to execute high-risk operations such as hostage rescues, hijackings, and assaults against armed threats in terrorist scenarios.^[13] Comprising approximately 51 officers drawn from existing RCMP Emergency Response Teams (ERTs), SERT maintained a state of high readiness for nationwide deployment, operating under the tactical command of its unit leader once committed to an incident, with on-scene authority retained by the senior RCMP official.^[13] The unit's creation addressed gaps in domestic capabilities following the evolution of local ERTs, which had been established in 31 centers starting in 1977 to handle regional high-risk situations beyond standard policing resources.^[13] Selection for SERT emphasized rigorous screening of ERT-experienced candidates according to specialized antiterrorist criteria, ensuring personnel possessed advanced proficiency in dynamic threat environments.^[13] Training was intensive and ongoing, focusing on hostage rescue tactics, route marches for endurance, precision marksmanship, instinctive shooting under stress, rappelling for building entries, stalking for surveillance, and explosives handling for breaching.^[13] Members utilized specialized equipment including gas masks for chemical environments, black hoods for anonymity, bullet-proof vests, radios for coordination, stun grenades for disorientation, commando knives, submachine guns, automatic pistols, rappelling gear, and an expanded arsenal for combat adaptability.^[13] The unit's primary base was the Dwyer Hill training facility, a 200-acre site acquired by the RCMP in 1987 approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Ottawa, which supported live-fire exercises and tactical simulations.^[14] SERT operated in a support role alongside military liaison officers but prioritized police-oriented rules of engagement, which emphasized de-escalation where feasible over unrestricted lethal force.^[13] No major public deployments or terrorist incidents requiring SERT activation were documented during its existence, reflecting Canada's relatively low incidence of such events in the late 1980s and early 1990s, though the unit remained on constant alert for potential threats like aircraft hijackings or barricaded suspects with explosives.^[13] The unit was disbanded in 1993 amid concerns over its suitability for evolving quasi-military counter-terrorism demands, including debates on the appropriateness of a civilian police force wielding expansive lethal authority in national security contexts.^[15] Responsibilities transferred to the newly expanded Joint Task Force 2 (JTF 2) of the Canadian Armed Forces, which assumed SERT's counter-terrorism mandate and repurposed the Dwyer Hill site as its training headquarters.^[14] This shift aligned federal capabilities more closely with military structures for operations requiring sustained overseas projection or integration with international allies, leaving regional ERTs to manage domestic tactical policing.^[15]

Special Emergency Reaction Team (Portland Police Bureau)

The Special Emergency Reaction Team (SERT) is a specialized tactical unit within the Portland Police Bureau, composed of highly trained sworn officers tasked with responding to critical incidents that exceed the capabilities of standard patrol resources.^[16] Its mission centers on the preservation of life and property through tactical interventions in high-risk scenarios, emphasizing de-escalation where possible to minimize injury or loss.^[16] SERT operates in coordination with the Crisis Negotiation Team (CNT) under the oversight of a Critical Incident Commander (CIC), who directs operations from an established command post to ensure situational awareness and coordinated resource deployment.^[17] ^[16] SERT's responsibilities include providing tactical support for barricaded suspects, hostage situations, active shooter events, block searches for armed individuals, execution of high-risk warrants, responses to potential terrorist acts, and management of civil disturbances.^[16] The unit also handles dignitary protection details and delivers tactical or medical support as needed.^[16] Responses are tiered based on incident severity: unit assistance involves individual SERT or CNT members providing tools like less-lethal options without full activation; limited deployment deploys tactical elements under CIC direction; and full activation mobilizes the entire team for major threats.^[17] Mandatory activations occur for active violence incidents, high-risk warrants, hostage takings, and sniper situations, while discretionary calls include barricaded persons or armed subject searches approved by the CIC.^[17] Operational procedures require an initial assessment by the on-scene incident commander, followed by CIC assumption of command, completion of a SERT Service Request Form for warrant services, and post-incident after-action reporting to evaluate tactics and outcomes.^[17] SERT members are authorized to use special weapons and tactics, restricted to trained personnel, with CIC approval required except in exigent circumstances where immediate action offers high success probability.^[17] Training encompasses advanced skills such as rappelling from high structures, as demonstrated in exercises at the Portland Justice Center.^[18] The unit integrates specialized assets, including tactical K-9 units, which have been deployed over 400 times in a single handler's career for search and apprehension tasks.^[19] SERT activations have been documented in real-world scenarios, such as standoffs involving barricaded suspects, armed carjacking responses, and searches for wanted individuals, often resulting in suspect apprehension without widespread collateral harm when managed effectively.^[20] ^[21] ^[22] Effective CIC oversight has historically contributed to peaceful resolutions in many cases, underscoring the unit's focus on operational precision over escalation.^[16]

State and Local Emergency Response Teams (United States)

State and local emergency response teams, commonly abbreviated as SERT, in the United States function as specialized tactical units within sheriff's offices, state police departments, and regional multi-agency collaborations to address high-risk law enforcement scenarios. These teams are deployed for operations including hostage rescues, barricaded suspect resolutions, high-risk warrant services, and active threat neutralizations, where standard patrol resources are insufficient.^[23]^[24] SERT members, typically selected from experienced officers, receive advanced training in areas such as precision marksmanship, dynamic entry tactics, less-lethal munitions, and crisis negotiation to minimize casualties and ensure operational success.^[25] The development of SERTs parallels the broader evolution of specialized police tactics in the U.S., emerging in the late 1980s and 1990s as local agencies adapted SWAT principles to regional needs amid rising incidents of armed confrontations and organized crime. For instance, the Utah Highway Patrol established its SERT in July 1988, initially comprising select troopers trained for escalated highway and rural threats.^[25] Regional models, such as New Hampshire's Seacoast Emergency Response Team, formed in 2001 through the merger of existing local units from 14 agencies, enabling shared resources for coastal and interstate operations.^[26] At the state level, units like the Pennsylvania State Police SERT provide statewide support for extraordinary events, coordinating with federal partners during multi-jurisdictional incidents. These teams often operate on-call, with members maintaining full-time duties elsewhere to optimize departmental efficiency. Training regimens for SERT personnel emphasize physical fitness, tactical proficiency, and scenario-based simulations, frequently incorporating joint exercises with entities like the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team to align with national standards. Selection processes involve rigorous physical tests, psychological evaluations, and firearms qualifications, ensuring only qualified personnel join.^[27] Equipment includes ballistic armor, specialized firearms, breaching tools, and unmanned aerial systems for reconnaissance, tailored to urban, rural, or maritime environments depending on jurisdictional demands.^[28] Deployments prioritize de-escalation when feasible, but authorize lethal force under strict rules of engagement to protect public safety and apprehend threats.^[24] Examples of operational use include the Erie County Sheriff's SERT in Pennsylvania, which draws from diverse office divisions for versatile crisis intervention, and California's Santa Clara County Sheriff's SERT, focused on resolving events beyond routine deputy capabilities.^[27]^[23] Such teams enhance local resilience by filling gaps in federal or neighboring agency responses, though critics have noted potential over-militarization risks in domestic policing, prompting ongoing debates on deployment thresholds.^[29] Overall, SERTs represent a decentralized approach to tactical readiness, adapting to evolving threats like mass violence while adhering to legal and ethical constraints.

Military Units

Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Team (United States Navy)

The Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Teams (SERTs) constituted specialized detachments within the U.S. Navy's Seabee forces, tasked with conducting forward engineer reconnaissance to support Marine Corps and joint operations in austere environments. These teams assessed infrastructure such as bridges, roads, and potential construction sites for load-bearing capacity, hazards, and feasibility of military use, enabling informed planning for logistics and base establishment ahead of main force movements. SERTs emphasized self-sufficiency, operating with organic security and minimal footprint to minimize detection risks. Each SERT comprised ten core members: two Civil Engineer Corps officers for leadership and technical oversight, eight enlisted Seabees selected from top performers in their battalions for expertise in construction trades like equipment operation and surveying, and an attached Navy Corpsman for medical support. All personnel qualified as Seabee Combat Warfare specialists, trained in small-unit tactics, weapons handling, and force protection to enable independent operations in contested areas. Teams augmented with specialized gear, such as the Instrument Set, Reconnaissance, and Surveying (ENFIRE) kit, for precise geospatial data collection on terrain and structures.^[30]^[31] The SERT concept originated in 2001 under the First Naval Construction Division (1st NCD), formed in August 2002 to address gaps in expeditionary engineering intelligence during the Global War on Terror. Initial deployments occurred in Operation Iraqi Freedom, with NMCB-5's SERT crossing from Kuwait into Iraq on March 21, 2003, embedded with Task Force Tarawa to evaluate bridges and convoy routes for heavy vehicle support. NMCB-4's SERT prepared in January 2003 for similar Kuwait-based staging, while NMCB-7 dispatched a team to Camp Commando on March 22, 2003, for infrastructure scouting. These efforts informed rapid construction of forward operating bases and logistics nodes amid urban and desert challenges.^[32]^[33] SERT training drew from battalion-level selections, emphasizing integration of engineering skills with reconnaissance tactics, though a 2005 U.S. Army War College study critiqued it as ad hoc and urged standardization via collaboration with Army Sapper, Navy SEAL, and Marine Corps Reconnaissance units to enhance survivability and output quality. Missions extended beyond Iraq to exercises like Tandem Thrust in 2001, focusing on beach and littoral surveys for amphibious operations. By the early 2010s, as 1st NCD capabilities realigned under Navy Expeditionary Combat Command, dedicated SERT formations ceased, with reconnaissance roles absorbed into standard NMCB and Underwater Construction Team (UCT) functions for ongoing NECC missions.^[30]

Biological and Medical Science

Serotonin Transporter (SLC6A4)

The SLC6A4 gene, located on chromosome 17q11.1-q12, encodes the serotonin transporter protein (SERT), a sodium- and chloride-dependent integral membrane glycoprotein that facilitates the reuptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons, thereby terminating serotonergic neurotransmission.^[1] SERT consists of 630 amino acids and features 12 transmembrane domains, two large extracellular loops, and N- and C-terminal intracellular tails, forming a structure typical of the neurotransmitter sodium symporter family within the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) group.^[34] This reuptake mechanism regulates extracellular serotonin levels, influencing synaptic signaling duration and intensity across brain regions such as the raphe nuclei, prefrontal cortex, and limbic system.^[35] Expression of SLC6A4 is regulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels, with promoter activity modulated by factors including cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and stress hormones like cortisol.^[34] A key functional variant, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the promoter region, features a 44-base pair insertion/deletion yielding long (L) and short (S) alleles; the S allele is associated with approximately 40-50% reduced promoter activity and lower SERT expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines compared to the L allele.^[36] An additional variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 2 further influences expression, with certain alleles enhancing transcriptional efficiency.^[37] Knockout studies in mice demonstrate that complete SERT absence leads to elevated extracellular serotonin, altered anxiety-like behaviors, and heightened sensitivity to serotonergic drugs, underscoring its role in homeostasis.^[35] Clinically, SERT serves as the primary target for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which bind to its central substrate-binding site, blocking reuptake and elevating synaptic serotonin to alleviate symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders; efficacy varies by genotype, with L/L homozygotes showing faster response times in some pharmacogenetic studies.^[38] Polymorphisms like 5-HTTLPR have been investigated for associations with MDD, anxiety, and response to adversity, with early reports indicating gene-environment interactions where S allele carriers exhibit heightened depression risk following childhood maltreatment or chronic stress.^[9] However, large-scale meta-analyses and genome-wide association studies have yielded inconsistent replications, attributing apparent effects to small sample sizes, population stratification, or publication bias rather than robust causality, emphasizing the polygenic nature of these traits over single-variant determinism.^[39] Dysregulation of SLC6A4 expression or function has also been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum traits, and chronic pain hypersensitivity, though causal links remain under empirical scrutiny through animal models and longitudinal human cohorts.^[40]^[35]

Aerospace and Propulsion Technology

Space Electric Rocket Test Missions (NASA)

The Space Electric Rocket Test (SERT) missions, conducted by NASA's Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center), were pioneering experiments to validate electrostatic ion propulsion technology for spacecraft, focusing on thrust generation, beam neutralization, and long-term operation in the space environment. These tests addressed key challenges such as ion beam stability without atmospheric interference and the integration of high-voltage systems with spacecraft power supplies. SERT efforts built on ground-based research into electron bombardment thrusters using mercury as propellant, aiming to demonstrate efficiency advantages over chemical rockets for deep-space applications.^[41]^[42] SERT-1, launched at 05:53:15 EDT on July 20, 1964, from Wallops Island, Virginia, aboard a Scout rocket, marked the first in-space demonstration of ion engine operation. The suborbital mission followed a ballistic trajectory providing approximately one hour of microgravity testing, during which a 10-cm-diameter mercury electron bombardment ion thruster was fired for 31 minutes, successfully achieving beam neutralization via a separate electron emitter to prevent spacecraft charging. A secondary cesium contact ionization engine was included but did not thrust due to telemetry issues. The test confirmed that ion exhaust could be neutralized in vacuum without external plasma, a prerequisite for efficient propulsion, though the mission encountered high-voltage arcing that informed future designs.^[43]^[41]^[42] SERT-2, launched on February 20, 1970, from Vandenberg Air Force Base aboard a Thorad-Agena D vehicle, achieved a 1000-km altitude circular sun-synchronous orbit to enable continuous solar power availability for extended thruster testing. The spacecraft carried two 15-cm-diameter mercury electron bombardment ion thrusters, each capable of 0.4 newtons of thrust at 40-km/s exhaust velocity, powered by a 1.5-kW deployable solar array spanning 5 by 40 feet. Primary objectives included accumulating thousands of hours of operation to assess electrode erosion, restart capability, and interactions with spacecraft surfaces, such as contamination from neutralizer emissions. Thruster 1 operated for 2011 continuous hours followed by intermittent use totaling 3782 hours until July 1972, while Thruster 2 logged 3781 hours over five months starting October 1970; both demonstrated over 500 restarts with minimal performance degradation beyond expected sputter erosion.^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] The SERT-2 mission, which transmitted data until 1989, validated electric propulsion's viability by showing no unacceptable spacecraft contamination or power system degradation from thruster byproducts, despite observed solar array shading and minor voltage anomalies. These results established ion thrusters' potential for primary propulsion in long-duration missions, influencing subsequent technologies like the NSTAR engine used on Deep Space 1 in 1998. Overall, SERT missions provided empirical evidence of electric rockets' high specific impulse (around 4000-8000 seconds) and throttleability, though mercury's toxicity prompted later shifts to inert propellants like xenon.^[45]^[46]^[48]

Computing and Standards

Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SPEC)

The Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) is a standardized software suite developed by the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) for evaluating the energy efficiency of server systems under representative workloads.^[49] It measures performance metrics relative to power consumption, enabling comparisons of server efficiency across different hardware configurations, including varying CPU architectures, memory capacities, and storage types.^[50] Introduced to support regulatory initiatives like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ENERGY STAR program for servers, SERT addresses the need for consistent, workload-agnostic efficiency ratings that account for real-world datacenter operations.^[51] SERT operates by executing a suite of workloads that simulate common server applications, such as web serving, Java-based enterprise tasks, and XML processing, while monitoring system power draw at multiple utilization levels (e.g., 10%, 50%, and 100% CPU load).^[52] The tool calculates key metrics like performance per watt (e.g., SERT Efficiency Rating, or SER, expressed in operations per joule) and overall system efficiency scores, which aggregate data from client-side performance and server-side power measurements.^[53] This approach ensures reproducibility, as runs must adhere to SPEC's controlled environment guidelines, including calibrated power analyzers and standardized reporting formats submitted to SPEC for validation.^[50] Development of SERT began in the SPECpower committee around 2010, motivated by the growing power demands of datacenters and the limitations of prior benchmarks that focused narrowly on peak performance without efficiency considerations.^[54] Version 1.0, released in 2011, supported initial EPA certification requirements, while subsequent updates—such as SERT Suite 2.0 in 2014 and refinements through 2019—expanded workload diversity, improved scalability for multi-socket systems, and incorporated support for emerging technologies like ARM processors.^[55] By 2023, SERT data informed broader metrics, such as datacenter work-per-energy assessments recommended by organizations like The Green Grid for policy evaluations.^[56] Adoption of SERT has been widespread among server vendors for product differentiation and compliance, with public result repositories on SPEC's website allowing comparisons; for instance, efficiency scores vary significantly by generation, with modern x86 servers often achieving SER values exceeding 1,000 operations per joule at idle-to-peak transitions.^[50] Limitations include its focus on CPU-bound workloads, potentially underrepresenting I/O-intensive or GPU-accelerated scenarios, though SPEC continues iterations to enhance applicability.

Economics and Finance

Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce

The Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce (SERT) is a government-led initiative established to assist businesses and workers in addressing short-term economic disruptions arising from global trade tensions, particularly United States tariffs imposed in early 2025. Announced by Prime Minister Lawrence Wong on 8 April 2025 and formally launched via press release on 16 April 2025, SERT operates under the Ministry of Trade and Industry to monitor impacts, disseminate support schemes, and facilitate adaptation strategies amid a downgraded GDP growth forecast of 0-2% for 2025. Chaired by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry Gan Kim Yong, the taskforce coordinates across ministries to provide targeted interventions without overlapping with longer-term economic planning efforts.^[57]^[58] SERT's composition includes five Cabinet ministers—such as Manpower Minister Tan See Leng—and representatives from business and labor organizations, including Singapore Business Federation Chairman Lim Ming Yan and National Trades Union Congress Secretary-General Ng Chee Meng. Adjustments to membership were made on 27 May 2025 following a Cabinet reshuffle, with Acting Minister for Transport Jeffrey Siow replacing former Minister for National Development Desmond Lee to maintain continuity in sectoral expertise. The taskforce is structured around three primary workstreams: evaluating business vulnerabilities to external shocks, aggregating and publicizing available government assistance programs, and aiding diversification into resilient markets or supply chains.^[59]^[60]^[61] Key objectives focus on immediate resilience-building, including defraying costs for market entry, enhancing compliance with free trade agreements, and bolstering worker employability through upskilling. On 10 July 2025, SERT announced specific measures, such as the Business Adaptation Grant—set to launch in October 2025—to subsidize up to 70% of adaptation costs for exporting enterprises affected by tariffs, alongside expanded career advisory services via NTUC-e2i for jobseekers facing uncertainty. Additional supports encompass legal guidance on contracts, supply chain reconfiguration assistance, and enterprise grants for overseas expansion, aimed at mitigating export declines estimated at 5-10% for tariff-impacted sectors.^[62]^[63] Ongoing engagements, including public consultations through mid-2025, have informed iterative responses, with a 15 October 2025 update highlighting feedback from businesses on tariff evasion risks and labor market strains. SERT's efforts emphasize data-driven monitoring of trade flows and GDP indicators, distinguishing it from the August 2025 Economic Strategy Review, which addresses structural competitiveness beyond acute shocks. As of late 2025, the taskforce continues to track implementation efficacy, with preliminary data indicating uptake in adaptation grants exceeding initial projections by 20%.^[64]^[65]

Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust

Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust (SERT) is a Singapore-listed stapled securities group comprising the Stoneweg European Real Estate Investment Trust and the Stoneweg Europe Business Trust, with a primary mandate to invest in income-producing commercial real estate assets across Europe.^[66]^[67] The trust focuses on properties such as offices, industrial facilities, and logistics assets, pursuing value-add strategies through active asset management.^[68] Its portfolio, diversified across multiple European markets, has a gross asset value of approximately €2.2 billion as of the 2024 acquisition benchmarks.^[69] The entity traces its origins to the Cromwell European Real Estate Investment Trust, which was established and listed on the Singapore Exchange in 2017 following a public offering with prospectus registration in November of that year.^[70]^[71] In May 2024, Stoneweg and Icona Capital announced the acquisition of Cromwell Property Group's European funds management platform, including a 27.79% stake in the REIT and full control of its manager, for €280 million; the deal closed on December 24, 2024, prompting a rebranding to Stoneweg European REIT effective January 2, 2025.^[69]^[72]^[73] To expand operational flexibility for development and non-traditional REIT activities, the manager proposed in April 2025 converting the structure to a stapled trust by pairing the REIT with a new business trust; unitholder and regulatory approvals enabled the stapling, forming SERT in June 2025.^[74]^[75]^[76] This hybrid model permits the business trust to hold assets ineligible for REIT distribution requirements, supporting pursuits like data center developments, as evidenced by a €50 million investment in an early-stage European data center fund in June 2025.^[77] SERT is managed by Stoneweg EREIT Management Pte. Ltd., a subsidiary of Stoneweg, a Geneva-headquartered alternative investment firm founded in 2015 with expertise in real assets.^[78] The stapled units trade under the ticker SET.SI on the SGX Mainboard, with a forward dividend yield of 8.92% reported as of recent assessments.^[79] The trust plans to release its third-quarter 2025 financial and operational updates on November 6, 2025.^[80]

Other Uses

Special Education Resource Teacher

A Special Education Resource Teacher (SERT) is a certified educator specializing in delivering targeted support to students with mild to moderate disabilities, often within inclusive general education settings or dedicated resource rooms. This role emphasizes bridging the gap between standard curricula and individualized needs, enabling students to access core academic content while addressing learning barriers such as specific learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, or developmental delays. SERTs typically serve students requiring less intensive interventions than those in self-contained classrooms, focusing on pull-out services for skill-building in areas like reading, math, or behavior management.^[81] Primary responsibilities include assessing students' academic and functional skills to inform eligibility for special education services, developing and updating Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) in collaboration with multidisciplinary teams, and providing direct instruction tailored to IEP goals. SERTs also consult with general education teachers to adapt lesson plans, modify assessments, and implement accommodations, such as extended time or assistive technology, to promote student success in mainstream environments. Additional duties encompass progress monitoring through data collection on academic achievements and social skills, case management for compliance with federal laws like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and facilitating parent-teacher conferences or transition planning. In some districts, SERTs lead professional development for staff on inclusive practices or contribute to school-wide special education leadership.^[82]^[83]^[81] Qualifications for SERT positions generally require a bachelor's degree in special education or a related field, with many roles preferring or mandating a master's degree in educational administration or special education from an accredited institution. Candidates must hold a state-issued teaching license or certification, often with endorsements in areas like learning disabilities (LD), emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD), or autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and demonstrate highly qualified status under federal guidelines for core subject instruction. Practical experience, typically three or more years in both general and special education classrooms, is commonly required to ensure competence in consultative and instructional roles. Ongoing professional development, such as training in evidence-based interventions, is essential to maintain certification and adapt to evolving educational standards.^[84]^[85]^[86] The consultative aspect of the SERT role, where teachers advise without direct classroom delivery, exempts them from demonstrating content expertise in core academics if not providing primary instruction, as clarified in U.S. Department of Education guidance. This flexibility supports resource allocation in resource-constrained districts but underscores the need for strong collaboration skills. Variations exist by jurisdiction; for instance, in some states, SERTs must meet specific highly qualified criteria under No Child Left Behind-era rules for any instructional contact. Employment outlook aligns with broader special education demands, with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projecting 8% growth for special education teachers from 2022 to 2032, driven by increasing disability identifications and inclusive education mandates.^[87]^[82]

Notable Individuals (e.g., Artists and Architects)

Josep Maria Sert (1874–1945) was a Catalan muralist renowned for his dramatic, Baroque-influenced paintings executed in grisaille with gold accents, often depicting themes of human progress, catastrophe, and spirituality.^[88] Born in Barcelona to a wealthy textile family, he trained in Rome before establishing himself in Paris, where he received commissions for large-scale works, including murals for the League of Nations in Geneva (destroyed in 1946) and the Cathedral of Vic.^[89] His 1937 mural American Progress at Rockefeller Center in New York, painted in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, portrays technological and humanitarian advancement amid apocalyptic motifs, reflecting his Catholic worldview and experiences of exile.^[89] Sert's style blended modernist techniques with Renaissance grandeur, earning him patronage from figures like the Rothschilds, though his pro-Franco sympathies later complicated his legacy in some circles.^[90] Josep Lluís Sert (1902–1983), nephew of the painter, was a pioneering Catalan architect and urban planner who advanced modernist principles in housing and civic design.^[91] Educated at Barcelona's Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de Barcelona, he co-founded the GATEPAC group in 1930 to promote rationalist architecture amid Spain's political turmoil, influencing early social housing projects like the 1932-1937 Barcelona neighborhoods.^[92] Exiled after the Spanish Civil War, Sert relocated to the United States in 1939, where he taught at Yale and Harvard, serving as dean of Harvard's Graduate School of Design from 1953 to 1969 and shaping postwar urbanism through advocacy for clustered, pedestrian-oriented developments.^[93] Notable works include the Joan Miró Foundation in Barcelona (1975), emphasizing integration with landscape, and Boston University dormitories (1960s), featuring brutalist concrete forms adapted to dense urban contexts.^[94] His urban plans, such as the 1953 Bogotá plan, prioritized human-scale environments over sprawling modernism, influencing CIAM's final congresses.^[95]

References

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SLC6A4 solute carrier family 6 member 4 [ (human)] - NCBI
Aug 19, 2025 · This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons.
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p31645 · sc6a4_human - UniProt
Essential for serotonin homeostasis in the central nervous system. In the developing somatosensory cortex, acts in glutamatergic neurons to control serotonin ...
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Serotonin Transporter - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The serotonin transporter (SERT) is an integral membrane protein expressed in neurons of the raphe nuclei in the brain. SERT is responsible for rapid clearance ...
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Jan 10, 2024 · The presynaptic serotonin transporter (SERT) clears extracellular serotonin following vesicular release to ensure temporal and spatial ...
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Apr 27, 2011 · The serotonin transporter (SERT) is the principal mechanism for terminating serotonin (5-HT) signals in the nervous system and is a site of ...
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X-ray structures and mechanism of the human serotonin transporter
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The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of the SLC6 neurotransmitter transporter family that mediates serotonin reuptake at presynaptic nerve terminals.<|separator|>
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a systematic review and multi-level meta-analysis - Nature
May 3, 2025 · The serotonin transporter (5-HTT or SLC6A4) gene has been widely studied in relation to depression, as it encodes the protein responsible for ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
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The Royal Canadian Mounted Police special emergency response team (SERT) is a permanent antiterrorist assault force capable of responding to incidents anywhere ...
[14]
Joint Task Force 2: Canada's elite fighters | CBC News
Nov 30, 2010 · JTF2 began in 1993 when it took over counterterrorist duties from the Special Emergency Response Team of the RCMP. Its Canadian base is Dwyer ...
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The mission of the Special Emergency Reaction Team (SERT) is the preservation of life and property during critical incidents and high-risk operations.
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Unit Assistance: Special Emergency Reaction Team (SERT) and Crisis Negotiation Team (CNT) members used to assist during incidents short of full activation. Such ...
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SERT Rappels from the Justice Center - YouTube
Mar 12, 2020 · The Portland Police Bureau's Special Emergency Reaction Team (SERT) took advantage of a sunny day to rappel off the 16-story Justice Center ...<|separator|>
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Congratulations to K9 Partner Jager who retired earlier this year and ...
Aug 19, 2025 · Jager joined PPB in 2017 and was a valued K9 on the Special Emergency Reaction Team. During Jager's career he was deployed on 400+ calls, ...
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Apr 16, 2025 · Police said they activated their Special Emergency Reaction Team in ... Polk County Sheriff's Office arrests 17-year old Collin ...
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The Portland Police Bureau's Special Emergency Reaction Team is actively searching for suspects involved in an armed carjacking in the Hazelwood neighborhood.
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SERT is utilized in the resolution of extraordinary criminal events that are beyond the response capabilities of most individual deputies.
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[25]
SERT | DPS - Utah Highway Patrol
The team was selected and organized in July 1988. This team became known as the Special Emergency Response Team (SERT). The first SERT members included Kevin ...
[26]
Seacoast Emergency Response Team (SERT) | City of Portsmouth
The Seacoast Emergency Response Team is comprised of highly trained Patrol Officers and Detectives from 14 New Hampshire seacoast police agencies.
[27]
List of police tactical units - Wikipedia
Oregon State Police – Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Team; Pennsylvania State Police – Special Emergency Response Team (SERT); Port Authority Police ...Federal Police Special Units · Beijing Special Weapons and... · Renea · Shqiponjat
[28]
Special Emergency Response Team | Erie County Courts
The Erie County Sheriff's office Special Emergency Response Team, or SERT, is an elite unit consisting of members from various divisions within the office.Missing: United | Show results with:United
[29]
Specialized Units | Mass.gov
Special Emergency Response Team (SERT). Members of the unit on all-terrain-vehicles (ATVs). The Special Emergency Response Team (SERT) provides partner ...
[30]
[PDF] GAO-20-710, FEDERAL TACTICAL TEAMS
Sep 10, 2020 · What GAO Found. Within the executive branch, GAO identified 25 federal tactical teams, and the characteristics of these teams varied.
[31]
[PDF] The Effectiveness of the Seabees in Employing New Concepts ...
Mar 18, 2005 · Formalize and improve the SERT training program. Utilize Army Sapper, Navy SEAL, and Marine Corps Recon units to advise the SERTs in developing ...
[32]
Seabees Enhance Military Reconnaissance with ENFIRE Kit
Dec 10, 2020 · The U.S. Navy Seabees with Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (NMCB) 5 employed the Instrument Set, Reconnaissance, and Surveying (ENFIRE) ...
[33]
[PDF] Seabee Magazine issue 3, 2003
Dec 24, 1972 · 2001, the concept of a Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Team (SERT) began to take shape. Since there are few military events in the world ...
[34]
History - Navy Expeditionary Combat Command
On March 21, 2003, the members of NMCB-5's Seabee Engineering Reconnaissance Team (SERT) crossed from Kuwait into Iraq with Task Force Tarawa. ... US Navy, and ...
[35]
Human Serotonin Transporter Gene (SLC6A4) Variants
Polymorphisms in SLC6A4 are associated with differences in emotional, endocrine, and personality characteristics as well as many diseases.
[36]
Review Article Serotonin Transporter (5-Hydroxytryptamine ...
Animal studies show a clear role of the Slc6a4 gene in pathologic pain states, where absent expression of Slc6a4 protects against hyperalgesia following several ...
[37]
The Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism (SLC6A4) and Risk ...
Aug 12, 2020 · Multiple studies reported a significant association between the SERT S allele and an increased risk for depression, both as a candidate gene, ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[38]
Human serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) variants
SLC6A4 variants affect 5-HT transport, leading to physiological changes, and are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders and other medical conditions.
[39]
Get to know a gene: SLC6A4 - GeneSight
Jul 13, 2017 · SLC6A4 is the serotonin transporter gene, responsible for serotonin reuptake, and can predict efficacy and adverse events with SSRI treatment.
[40]
Time moderates the interplay between 5-HTTLPR and stress on ...
Jul 11, 2022 · The serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) has been widely investigated as contributing to depression vulnerability.
[41]
A review of the relationship between the SLC6A4 gene and mental ...
Sep 24, 2025 · This review highlights the crucial role of SLC6A4 in schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), attention- ...
[42]
[PDF] Descirption and operation of spacecraft in sert I ion thruster flight test
The SERT I spacecraft was flown into a ballistic trajectory-on. July 20, 1964, by the Scout launch vehicle. The trajectory provided an.
[43]
Glenn Contributions to Deep Space 1 - NASA
May 21, 2008 · In 1964, a pair of NASA Glenn ion engines were launched on a Scout rocket from Wallops Island, VA, under the name SERT 1, one of the two ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
[44]
[PDF] RESULTS FROM SERT I ION ROCKET FLIGHT TEST
The SERT I (Space Electric Rocket Test) spacecraft was launched at 0553:15 EDT on. July 20, 1964, from Wallops Island, Virginia.
[45]
[PDF] 52862 DESCRIPTION OF THE SERT I1 SPACECRAFT AND MISSION
The SERT I1 Agena is 6. 25 meters long by. 1. 525 meters in diameter, with a modified aft equipment rack which supports and thermally protects the solar.Missing: details | Show results with:details
[46]
NASA's SERT II: 'A Genuine Space Success Story'
Apr 11, 2024 · In early 1968, the experimental portion of SERT II underwent six months of testing in Tank 5 at NASA Lewis Research Center's (now, NASA Glenn's) ...
[47]
[PDF] Development and Flight History of SERT II Spacecraft
The SERT If mission was approved in 1966, and after a. 3 1/2-year development and qualifying period the solar- powered satellite was launched into a 1000-km- ...
[48]
[PDF] MECHANICAL DESIGN OF SERT I1 THRUS'TER SYSTEM
The SERT I1 spacecraft with two thrusters was launched on February 3, 1970. One thruster operated for 3782 hours and the other for 2011 hours. high voltage ...
[49]
[PDF] 19710002423.pdf - NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The SERT II program was required to provide a long life test of an electric thruster, obtain operational experience in this new method of propulsion, and ...
[50]
SERT Suite - SPEC.org
The SERT Suite is a next-generation tool set for measuring and evaluating the energy efficiency of servers.
[51]
SPEC SERT Suite Version 2
The SERT suite provides a first order of approximation of server efficiency across a broad range of application environments.
[52]
[PDF] SPEC Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) -102 - Energy Star
Mar 15, 2013 · Thank you! SPEC's Server Efficiency Rating Tool. Copyright © 1988‐2014 Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC). All rights reserved.
[53]
Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) Client Configurations - SPEC.org
Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) Client Configurations. Version 20250916. For the latest version of this information please see Server Efficiency Rating ...
[54]
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1958746.1958769
[55]
The design and development of the server efficiency rating tool (SERT)
The Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) has been developed by the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) SPECpower committee to address the EPA ...
[56]
SPEC Updates Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) - Yahoo Finance
Mar 10, 2015 · (SPEC) has released a new version of its Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) software that delivers greater ease of use and support for a wider ...
[57]
WP#90 ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF SPEC® SERT® SUITE ...
Aug 29, 2023 · The Green Grid (TGG) recommends that the European Commission use the SPEC Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) measured data to provide ...
[58]
Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce (SERT) to support ... - MTI
Apr 16, 2025 · A Taskforce chaired by Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) and Minister for Trade and Industry Gan Kim Yong, to help businesses and workers navigate the immediate ...
[59]
Singapore Launches Economic Resilience Taskforce, Responding ...
Apr 29, 2025 · The taskforce aims to bolster Singapore's economic resilience amid a downgraded GDP forecast of zero to two percent for 2025, due to ...Missing: objectives | Show results with:objectives
[60]
Five ministers to helm new economic resilience task force to help S ...
Singapore Business Federation (SBF) chairman Lim Ming Yan; · National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) secretary-general Ng Chee Meng; and · Singapore National ...
[61]
Task force on US tariffs includes five ministers - Singapore - CNA
Apr 16, 2025 · The new task force formed in response to tariffs from the United States will include five Cabinet ministers as well as business and labour representatives.
[62]
Changes to the composition of the Singapore Economic Resilience ...
May 27, 2025 · The Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce (SERT) today announced changes to its composition, which will take immediate effect.
[63]
Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce (SERT) announces ... - MTI
Jul 10, 2025 · Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce (SERT) announces targeted measures to support businesses and workers · Release of Advance GDP Estimates ...
[64]
Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce announces targeted ...
Jul 29, 2025 · Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce announces targeted measures to support businesses and workers, including Business Adaptation Grant.
[65]
Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce: Engagement Highlights
Oct 15, 2025 · Over the past few months, the Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce (SERT) has been engaging with Singaporeans to hear how they have been ...
[66]
Singapore launches review of economic strategy to stay ahead of ...
Aug 4, 2025 · Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce (SERT) . The task force was formed earlier in 2025 in the face of tariff-driven uncertainty that ...
[67]
SERT: Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust Stock Price Quote - Singapore
Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust operates as a real estate investment trust. The Trust has a principal mandate to invest, directly and indirectly income-producing ...
[68]
Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust, SET:SES summary - FT.com
Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust (SERT), formerly, Stoneweg European Real Estate Investment Trust (Stoneweg European REIT), is a real estate investment trust.
[69]
DBS Research Insights Direct - Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust
Stoneweg European REIT (SERT) is a pan-European S-REIT with a diversified portfolio of office, industrial, and logistics assets valued at c.EUR2.2bn.
[70]
Stoneweg doubles real estate AUM to €8 billion with acquisition of ...
May 23, 2024 · Acquisition includes European fund management business and interests in Singapore-listed €2.2 billlion Cromwell European REIT (“CEREIT”) and ...
[71]
Prospectus Details - eServices - Monetary Authority of Singapore
30/11/2017, Product Highlights Sheet For STONEWEG EUROPEAN REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, Lodged ; 22/11/2017, Amended Prospectus, Registered.
[72]
Stoneweg European Reit (formerly known as Cromwell European ...
Sep 9, 2017 · The public offering will open at 9pm on Sept 21 and close at 12pm on Sept 26, based on its indicative timetable. ... Specuvestor: Asset - Business ...
[73]
Acquisition process of Cromwell's European Platform is completed
Dec 24, 2024 · We are happy to announce that we have completed the acquisition process of Cromwell's European platform along with our strategic shareholder, Icona Capital.
[74]
Cromwell E-Reit to rename and rebrand, following completion of ...
Dec 24, 2024 · Cromwell E-Reit will be renamed Stoneweg European Reit from Jan 2, 2025, with corresponding updates to its security and counter names on the Singapore Exchange.<|control11|><|separator|>
[75]
Stoneweg E-Reit announces strategic stapling to form stapled trust
Jun 4, 2025 · Each unit of Stoneweg E-Reit will be stapled to a unit in Stoneweg European Business Trust. It will then form a stapled security in an entity known as Stoneweg ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[76]
Stoneweg E-Reit manager unveils proposed conversion to stapled ...
Apr 3, 2025 · The stapled entity will be known as Stoneweg European Stapled Trust and will comprise Stoneweg E-Reit and Stoneweg European Business Trust.
[77]
Stoneweg REIT's Development Profile Unchanged Despite Move to ...
Apr 8, 2025 · The move to the stapled structure is subject to regulatory - and unitholder - approval. Once the transaction is complete, Fitch is likely to use ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[78]
Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust makes EUR50 mil investment in ...
Jun 23, 2025 · The data centre fund's portfolio comprises interests in four early-stage data centre development sites in Ireland, Spain, Italy and Denmark ...
[79]
Homepage - Stoneweg Asset Management SA
Stoneweg is an alternative investment group specialized in Real Assets established in 2015 and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.Contact · Stoneweg acquires majority... · Stoneweg doubles real estate... · About us
[80]
Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust Unit - WKN , ISIN SGXC11267561
Stoneweg Europe Stapled Trust Unit pays a dividend yield (FWD) of 8.92%. ISIN: SGXC11267561. WKN: -. Symbol / Exchange: SET / XSES. Value: €1.52. Dividend ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[81]
https://www.pgcps.org/offices/compensation-and-classification/positions/position-resource-teacher---special-education
[82]
Position: Resource Teacher - Special Education
Feb 13, 2024 · The Resource Teacher – Special Education provides specially designed instruction, case management, systemic professional development, and leadership.
[83]
Special Education Teachers : Occupational Outlook Handbook
Duties · Assess students' skills and determine their educational needs · Adapt general lessons to meet students' needs · Develop Individualized Education Programs ...
[84]
Special Education Teachers: Roles and Responsibilities
Special education teachers closely monitor their students' progress throughout the school year. They collect data on academic achievements, social skills ...
[85]
Special Education Resource Teacher: What Is It? and How to ...
The qualifications for a career as a special education resource teacher are a bachelor's or master's degree in education or a related field and a teaching ...What Is a Special Education... · How to Become a Special...
[86]
What Does a Special Education Resource Teacher Do?
Sep 19, 2025 · A bachelor's degree. Resource teachers need a bachelor's degree in a field such as special education. · A teaching license or certification.
[87]
[PDF] RESOURCE TEACHER JOB DESCRIPTION - AWS
QUALIFICATIONS: Professional Educator License: Endorsement as a Learning Behavior. Specialist I. Meets the highly qualified requirements as a special education ...
[88]
[PDF] Questions and Answers On Highly Qualified Teachers Serving ...
A special education resource teacher who only consults with regular education teachers does not need to demonstrate competence in core academic subjects. He ...
[89]
Josep Maria Sert | Modernist, Surrealist, Cubist - Britannica
Josep Maria Sert was a Catalan painter whose modern Baroque murals achieved international recognition. His work adorns the walls of buildings including the ...Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[90]
How José Maria Sert's “American Progress” Came to Be at ...
May 5, 2015 · Sert (also known as Josep Maria Sert) was born in Barcelona in 1874, the son of an affluent textile merchant. After studying art in Rome, he ...
[91]
The Strongman | Josep Maria Sert | Fundación Banco Santander
A native of Barcelona and heir to a family fortune, at the close of the 19th century he decided to leave for Paris to make a future for himself as an artist.
[92]
https://modernism-in-architecture.org/people/architects/josep-lluis-sert/
[93]
Architect Josep Lluís Sert - Modernism in Architecture
Together with other architects, Sert was a founding member of GATEPAC (Group of Spanish Artists and Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture).
[94]
The Writings of Josep Lluís Sert - Harvard Graduate School of Design
Josep Lluís Sert (1902–1983) was the last president of CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture) and dean of the Harvard University Graduate.
[95]
Josep Lluís Sert - Fundació Joan Miró
Josep Lluís Sert (1902–1983) studied at the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura in Barcelona and then moved to Paris to see the bedrock of modern ...
[96]
JOSEP L. SERT, 80, ARCHITECT, WAS HARVARD DEAN OF DESIGN
Mar 17, 1983 · Josep Lluis Sert, the Spanish-born architect who served for 16 years as the dean of the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University and became one of ...